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Cimadomo D, Rienzi L, Conforti A, Forman E, Canosa S, Innocenti F, Poli M, Hynes J, Gemmell L, Vaiarelli A, Alviggi C, Ubaldi FM, Capalbo A. Opening the black box: why do euploid blastocysts fail to implant? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2023; 29:570-633. [PMID: 37192834 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A normal chromosomal constitution defined through PGT-A assessing all chromosomes on trophectoderm (TE) biopsies represents the strongest predictor of embryo implantation. Yet, its positive predictive value is not higher than 50-60%. This gap of knowledge on the causes of euploid blastocysts' reproductive failure is known as 'the black box of implantation'. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Several embryonic, maternal, paternal, clinical, and IVF laboratory features were scrutinized for their putative association with reproductive success or implantation failure of euploid blastocysts. SEARCH METHODS A systematic bibliographical search was conducted without temporal limits up to August 2021. The keywords were '(blastocyst OR day5 embryo OR day6 embryo OR day7 embryo) AND (euploid OR chromosomally normal OR preimplantation genetic testing) AND (implantation OR implantation failure OR miscarriage OR abortion OR live birth OR biochemical pregnancy OR recurrent implantation failure)'. Overall, 1608 items were identified and screened. We included all prospective or retrospective clinical studies and randomized-controlled-trials (RCTs) that assessed any feature associated with live-birth rates (LBR) and/or miscarriage rates (MR) among non-mosaic euploid blastocyst transfer after TE biopsy and PGT-A. In total, 41 reviews and 372 papers were selected, clustered according to a common focus, and thoroughly reviewed. The PRISMA guideline was followed, the PICO model was adopted, and ROBINS-I and ROB 2.0 scoring were used to assess putative bias. Bias across studies regarding the LBR was also assessed using visual inspection of funnel plots and the trim and fill method. Categorical data were combined with a pooled-OR. The random-effect model was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Between-study heterogeneity was addressed using I2. Whenever not suitable for the meta-analysis, the included studies were simply described for their results. The study protocol was registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ (registration number CRD42021275329). OUTCOMES We included 372 original papers (335 retrospective studies, 30 prospective studies and 7 RCTs) and 41 reviews. However, most of the studies were retrospective, or characterized by small sample sizes, thus prone to bias, which reduces the quality of the evidence to low or very low. Reduced inner cell mass (7 studies, OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.27-0.52, I2 = 53%), or TE quality (9 studies, OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.43-0.67, I2 = 70%), overall blastocyst quality worse than Gardner's BB-grade (8 studies, OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24-0.67, I2 = 83%), developmental delay (18 studies, OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.49-0.63, I2 = 47%), and (by qualitative analysis) some morphodynamic abnormalities pinpointed through time-lapse microscopy (abnormal cleavage patterns, spontaneous blastocyst collapse, longer time of morula formation I, time of blastulation (tB), and duration of blastulation) were all associated with poorer reproductive outcomes. Slightly lower LBR, even in the context of PGT-A, was reported among women ≥38 years (7 studies, OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.75-1.00, I2 = 31%), while obesity was associated with both lower LBR (2 studies, OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55-0.79, I2 = 0%) and higher MR (2 studies, OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.08-2.99, I2 = 52%). The experience of previous repeated implantation failures (RIF) was also associated with lower LBR (3 studies, OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55-0.93, I2 = 0%). By qualitative analysis, among hormonal assessments, only abnormal progesterone levels prior to transfer were associated with LBR and MR after PGT-A. Among the clinical protocols used, vitrified-warmed embryo transfer was more effective than fresh transfer (2 studies, OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05-2.33, I2 = 23%) after PGT-A. Lastly, multiple vitrification-warming cycles (2 studies, OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22-0.77, I2 = 50%) or (by qualitative analysis) a high number of cells biopsied may slightly reduce the LBR, while simultaneous zona-pellucida opening and TE biopsy allowed better results than the Day 3 hatching-based protocol (3 studies, OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.18-1.69, I2 = 0%). WIDER IMPLICATIONS Embryo selection aims at shortening the time-to-pregnancy, while minimizing the reproductive risks. Knowing which features are associated with the reproductive competence of euploid blastocysts is therefore critical to define, implement, and validate safer and more efficient clinical workflows. Future research should be directed towards: (i) systematic investigations of the mechanisms involved in reproductive aging beyond de novo chromosomal abnormalities, and how lifestyle and nutrition may accelerate or exacerbate their consequences; (ii) improved evaluation of the uterine and blastocyst-endometrial dialogue, both of which represent black boxes themselves; (iii) standardization/automation of embryo assessment and IVF protocols; (iv) additional invasive or preferably non-invasive tools for embryo selection. Only by filling these gaps we may finally crack the riddle behind 'the black box of implantation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cimadomo
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, GENERA, Clinica Valle Giulia, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rienzi
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, GENERA, Clinica Valle Giulia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Eric Forman
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Federica Innocenti
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, GENERA, Clinica Valle Giulia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Poli
- Centrum voor Kinderwens, Dijklander Hospital, Purmerend, The Netherlands
- Juno Genetics, Rome, Italy
| | - Jenna Hynes
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Gemmell
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Vaiarelli
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, GENERA, Clinica Valle Giulia, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Lazim N, Elias MH, Sutaji Z, Abdul Karim AK, Abu MA, Ugusman A, Syafruddin SE, Mokhtar MH, Ahmad MF. Expression of HOXA10 Gene in Women with Endometriosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12869. [PMID: 37629050 PMCID: PMC10454210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeobox A10 (HOXA10) gene is known to be related to endometriosis; however, due to a lack of knowledge/evidence in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, the mechanisms that link HOXA10 to endometriosis still need to be clarified. This review addresses the difference in the expression of the HOXA10 gene in endometriotic women versus non-endometriotic women across populations by country and discusses its influences on women's fertility. An organized search of electronic databases was conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. The keywords used were (HOXA10 OR "homeobox A10" OR PL OR HOX1 OR HOX1H OR HOX1.8) AND ("gene expression") AND (endometriosis). The initial search resulted in 623 articles, 10 of which were included in this review. All ten papers included in this study were rated fair in terms of the quality of the studies conducted. The expression of the HOXA10 gene was found to be downregulated in most studies. However, one study provided evidence of the downregulation and upregulation of HOXA10 gene expression due to the localization of endometriotic lesions. Measuring the expression of the HOXA10 gene in women is clinically essential to predicting endometriosis, endometrial receptivity, and the development of pinopodes in the endometrium during the luteal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurunnajah Lazim
- Advanced Reproductive Centre (ARC) HCTM UKM, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.L.); (M.H.E.); (Z.S.); (M.A.A.); (A.K.A.K.)
| | - Marjanu Hikmah Elias
- Advanced Reproductive Centre (ARC) HCTM UKM, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.L.); (M.H.E.); (Z.S.); (M.A.A.); (A.K.A.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Zulazmi Sutaji
- Advanced Reproductive Centre (ARC) HCTM UKM, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.L.); (M.H.E.); (Z.S.); (M.A.A.); (A.K.A.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim
- Advanced Reproductive Centre (ARC) HCTM UKM, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.L.); (M.H.E.); (Z.S.); (M.A.A.); (A.K.A.K.)
| | - Mohammad Azrai Abu
- Advanced Reproductive Centre (ARC) HCTM UKM, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.L.); (M.H.E.); (Z.S.); (M.A.A.); (A.K.A.K.)
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.U.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- Medical Molecular Biology Institute, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.U.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Mohd Faizal Ahmad
- Advanced Reproductive Centre (ARC) HCTM UKM, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.L.); (M.H.E.); (Z.S.); (M.A.A.); (A.K.A.K.)
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Siriwardena D, Boroviak TE. Evolutionary divergence of embryo implantation in primates. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210256. [PMID: 36252209 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of the conceptus into the uterus is absolutely essential for successful embryo development. In humans, our understanding of this process has remained rudimentary owing to the inaccessibility of early implantation stages. Non-human primates recapitulate many aspects of human embryo development and provide crucial insights into trophoblast development, uterine receptivity and embryo invasion. Moreover, primate species exhibit a variety of implantation strategies and differ in embryo invasion depths. This review examines conservation and divergence of the key processes required for embryo implantation in different primates and in comparison with the canonical rodent model. We discuss trophectoderm compartmentalization, endometrial remodelling and embryo adhesion and invasion. Finally, we propose that studying the mechanism controlling invasion depth between different primate species may provide new insights and treatment strategies for placentation disorders in humans. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Siriwardena
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Thorsten E Boroviak
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
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Wang J, Yu X, Peng H, Lu Y, Li S, Shi Q, Liu J, Dong H, Katanaev V, Jia L. Embedding similarities between embryos and circulating tumor cells: fundamentals of abortifacients used for cancer metastasis chemoprevention. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:300. [PMID: 34556175 PMCID: PMC8461875 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background The global epidemiological studies reported lower cancer risk after long-term use of contraceptives. Our systematic studies demonstrated that abortifacients are effective in preventing cancer metastases induced by circulating tumor cells (CTCs). However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which abortifacients prevent CTC-based cancer metastases are almost unknown. The present studies were designed to interdisciplinarily explore similarities and differences between embryo implantation and cancer cell adhesion/invasion. Methods Biomarker expressions on the seeding embryo JEG-3 and cancer MCF-7 cells, as well as embedding uterine endometrial RL95-2 and vascular endothelial HUVECs cells were examined and compared before and after treatments with 17β-estradiol plus progesterone and abortifacients. Effects of oral metapristone and mifepristone on embryo implantation in normal female mice and adhesion/invasion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in BALB/C female mice were examined. Results Both embryo JEG-3 and cancer MCF-7 cells expressed high sLex, CD47, CAMs, while both endometrial RL95-2 and endothelial HUVECs exhibited high integrins and ICAM-1. Near physiological concentrations of 17β-estradiol plus progesterone promoted migration and invasion of JEG-3 and MCF-7 cells via upregulating integrins and MMPs. Whereas, mifepristone and metapristone significantly inhibited migration and invasion of JEG-3 and MCF-7 cells, and inhibited JEG-3 and MCF-7 adhesion to matrigel, RL95-2 cells and HUVECs, respectively. The inhibitions were realized by downregulating sLex, MMPs in JEG-3 and MCF-7 cells, and downregulating integrins in RL95-2 cells and HUVECs, respectively. Mifepristone and metapristone significantly inhibited both embryo implantation and cancer cell metastasis in mice. Conclusions The similarities between the two systems provide fundamentals for abortifacients to intervene CTC adhesion/invasion to the distant metastatic organs. The present studies offer the rationale to repurpose abortifacients for safe and effective cancer metastasis chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, 350108, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huayi Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Inspection and Quarantine Technology Research/ Technology Center of Fuzhou Customs, 350108, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, 350108, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qing Shi
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 350108, Fuzhou, China
| | - Vladimir Katanaev
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, 350108, Fuzhou, China.,Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, 350108, Fuzhou, China.
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5
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Bergmann S, Schindler M, Munger C, Penfold CA, Boroviak TE. Building a stem cell-based primate uterus. Commun Biol 2021; 4:749. [PMID: 34140619 PMCID: PMC8211708 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The uterus is the organ for embryo implantation and fetal development. Most current models of the uterus are centred around capturing its function during later stages of pregnancy to increase the survival in pre-term births. However, in vitro models focusing on the uterine tissue itself would allow modelling of pathologies including endometriosis and uterine cancers, and open new avenues to investigate embryo implantation and human development. Motivated by these key questions, we discuss how stem cell-based uteri may be engineered from constituent cell parts, either as advanced self-organising cultures, or by controlled assembly through microfluidic and print-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Magdalena Schindler
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clara Munger
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher A Penfold
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust - Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Thorsten E Boroviak
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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Poh QH, Rai A, Carmichael II, Salamonsen LA, Greening DW. Proteome reprogramming of endometrial epithelial cells by human trophectodermal small extracellular vesicles reveals key insights into embryo implantation. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000210. [PMID: 33860638 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryo implantation into the receptive endometrium is critical in pregnancy establishment, initially requiring reciprocal signalling between outer layer of the blastocyst (trophectoderm cells) and endometrial epithelium; however, factors regulating this crosstalk remain poorly understood. Although endometrial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to signal to the embryo during implantation, the role of embryo-derived EVs remains largely unknown. Here, we provide a comprehensive proteomic characterisation of a major class of EVs, termed small EVs (sEVs), released by human trophectoderm cells (Tsc-sEVs) and their capacity to reprogram protein landscape of endometrial epithelium in vitro. Highly purified Tsc-sEVs (30-200 nm, ALIX+ , TSG101+ , CD9/63/81+ ) were enriched in known players of implantation (LIFR, ICAM1, TAGLN2, WNT5A, FZD7, ROR2, PRICKLE2), antioxidant activity (SOD1, PRDX1/4/6), tissue integrity (EZR, RAC1, RHOA, TNC), and focal adhesions (FAK, ITGA2/V, ITGB1/3). Functionally, Tsc-sEVs were taken up by endometrial cells, altered transepithelial electrical resistance, and upregulated proteins implicated in embryo attachment (ITGA2/V, ITGB1/3), immune regulation (CD59, CD276, LGALS3), and antioxidant activity (GPX1/3/4, PRDX1/2/4/5/6): processes that are critical for successful implantation. Collectively, we provide critical insights into Tsc-sEV-mediated regulation of endometrial function that contributes to our understanding of the molecular basis of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hui Poh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Molecular Proteomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Molecular Proteomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irena Iśka Carmichael
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Molecular Proteomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Niknafs B, Hesam Shariati MB, Shokrzadeh N. miR223-3p, HAND2, and LIF expression regulated by calcitonin in the ERK1/2-mTOR pathway during the implantation window in the endometrium of mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13333. [PMID: 32869441 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Approximately one-third of infertility cases are related to the female partner, and implantation failure is the primary reason for female infertility. The current research was established to assess the impact of calcitonin on endometrial receptivity. METHODS OF STUDY 64 female BALB/c mice were assigned to 2 groups as follows: mice with regular ovarian cycle and mice with stimulated ovarian cycle. The two groups were further divided into four subgroups as follows: control (Ctrl), calcitonin (CT), pp242, and CT + pp242 groups. Calcitonin and pp242 were injected on days 3, 4, and 5 of pregnancy. On day 5 of gestation, all of the animals were sacrificed, and their uterine was removed for the morphological analysis, as well as the expression assessment genes and proteins. RESULTS The results demonstrated that ovarian stimulation increased the rate of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and mTOR proteins, and resulted in the upregulation of miR-223-3p. The administration of calcitonin also elevated the expression levels of LIF and HAND2 gene in both regular ovarian and ovarian-stimulated cycles. In ovarian-stimulated groups, the administration of calcitonin led to a decrease in the expression of miR-223-3p. Calcitonin administration also markedly increased the phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and ERK1/2 in the regular ovarian cycle. CONCLUSION It seems that calcitonin is capable of enhancing the endometrial receptivity of the uterine, thereby the overexpression of HAND2 and LIF and downregulation of miR-223-3p through the ERK1/2-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Niknafs
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Naser Shokrzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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8
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Mayoral Andrade G, Vásquez Martínez G, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Hernández-Huerta MT, Zenteno E, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Martínez Cruz M, Martínez Cruz R, Matias-Cervantes CA, Meraz Cruz N, Romero Díaz C, Cruz-Parada E, Pérez-Campos E. Molecules and Prostaglandins Related to Embryo Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:555414. [PMID: 33329514 PMCID: PMC7710691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.555414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally understood that the entry of semen into the female reproductive tract provokes molecular and cellular changes facilitating conception and pregnancy. We show a broader picture of the participation of prostaglandins in the fertilization, implantation and maintenance of the embryo. A large number of cells and molecules are related to signaling networks, which regulate tolerance to implantation and maintenance of the embryo and fetus. In this work, many of those cells and molecules are analyzed. We focus on platelets, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells involved in embryo tolerance in order to have a wider view of how prostaglandins participate. The combination of platelets and neutrophil extracellular traps (Nets), uterine innate lymphoid cells (uILC), Treg cells, NK cells, and sex hormones have an important function in immunological tolerance. In both animals and humans, the functions of these cells can be regulated by prostaglandins and soluble factors in seminal plasma to achieve an immunological balance, which maintains fetal-maternal tolerance. Prostaglandins, such as PGI2 and PGE2, play an important role in the suppression of the previously mentioned cells. PGI2 inhibits platelet aggregation, in addition to IL-5 and IL-13 expression in ILC2, and PGE2 inhibits some neutrophil functions, such as chemotaxis and migration processes, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis, ROS production, and the formation of extracellular traps, which could help prevent trophoblast injury and fetal loss. The implications are related to fertility in female when seminal fluid is deposited in the vagina or uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Mayoral Andrade
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Zenteno
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Ruth Martínez Cruz
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Noemi Meraz Cruz
- School of Medicine, Branch at National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Romero Díaz
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eli Cruz-Parada
- Biochemistry and Immunology Unit, National Technological of Mexico/ITOaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos
- Biochemistry and Immunology Unit, National Technological of Mexico/ITOaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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9
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Kim SE, Lee JE, Han YH, Lee SI, Kim DK, Park SR, Yu SL, Kang J. Decursinol from Angelica gigas Nakai enhances endometrial receptivity during implantation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:36. [PMID: 32024510 PMCID: PMC7076876 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Embryo implantation is essential for a successful pregnancy, and an elaborate synchronization between the receptive endometrium and trophoblast is required to achieve this implantation. To increase ‘endometrial receptivity’, the endometrium undergoes transformation processes including responses of adhesion molecules and cellular and molecular cell to cell communication. Many natural substances from traditional herbs have been studied to aid in the achievement of successful implantation. In this study, we investigated positive effects on embryonic implantation with decursinol that is a major compound extracted from Angelica gigas Nakai known to be associated with promotion of healthy pregnancy in the traditional Korean herbal medicine. Methods Expression of cell adhesion molecules after treatment of endometrial epithelial cells by decursinol (40 or 80 μM) was determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The alteration of endometrial receptivity by decursinol (40 or 80 μM) was identified with the in vitro implantation model between Ishikawa cells and JAr cell spheroids (diameter, 143 ± 16 μm). Exosomes secreted from Ishikawa cells after treatment of 80 μM decursinol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the vehicle were investigated with invasion of JAr cells and attachment of JAr spheroids to Ishikawa cells. Results Decursinol significantly (P < 0.05) increased the expression of important endometrial adhesion molecules such as integrin β1, β3, β5 and L-selectin mRNAs and integrin β5 and L-selectin in protein. The adhesion rate of JAr spheroids to decursinol-treated Ishikawa cells also increased significantly which was 2.4-fold higher than that of the control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, decursinol induced an increase in the release of exosomes from Ishikawa cells and decursinol-induced exosomes showed autocrine (to Ishikawa cells) and paracrine (to JAr cells) positive effects on our implantation model. Conclusion These results propose that decursinol could serve as a new and alternative solution for patients who are infertile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Kim
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Eun Lee
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Han
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-In Lee
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Lan Yu
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeku Kang
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Shokrzadeh N, Alivand MR, Abedelahi A, Hessam Shariati MB, Niknafs B. Calcitonin administration improves endometrial receptivity via regulation of LIF, Muc-1 and microRNA Let-7a in mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12989-13000. [PMID: 30536902 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin (CT) is one of the factors affecting the embryo implantation, but its effects on the implantation window have not been fully investigated. The current study investigated the effects of CT on the endometrium receptivity by morphological study and evaluation of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), mucin 1 (Muc-1), and microRNA (miRNA) Let-7a in the ovarian stimulation and the normal ovarian cycle. Then the mechanism of the CT effects through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was studied by using PP242. A total of 64 BALB/c mice were divided into the normal ovarian cycle and ovarian stimulation groups. Each group consisted of four subgroups: control, calcitonin, PP242, and calcitonin+PP242. CT and PP242 were injected on the fourth of pregnancy into the mice and 24 hr later all the mice were killed. The uterine tissue samples were used for morphological analysis, and endometrial cells were mechanically isolated for evaluation of gene and protein expression. The results showed that ovarian stimulation induced mTOR phosphorylation as well as increased expression of the Let-7a miRNA. In addition, CT injection increased the expression of LIF and miRNA Let-7a in ovarian stimulation similar to that in normal ovarian cycles. However, injection of PP242 reduced expression of miRNA Let-7a and increased Muc-1 expression in ovarian stimulation group. In conclusion, the administration of CT improved endometrial receptivity in mice. This phenomenon occurred by upregulation of LIF, miRNA Let-7a and downregulation of Muc-1 via mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Shokrzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University Of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad B Hessam Shariati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Niknafs
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Shokrzadeh N, Alivand MR, Abedelahi A, Hessam Shariati MB, Niknafs B. Upregulation of HB-EGF, Msx.1, and miRNA Let-7a by administration of calcitonin through mTOR and ERK1/2 pathways during a window of implantation in mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:790-801. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Shokrzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty Of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics; Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Behrooz Niknafs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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12
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Yoshinaga K. A historical review of blastocyst implantation research. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:175-195. [PMID: 30010858 PMCID: PMC6279068 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research development on blastocyst implantation was reviewed in three sections: primate implantation, ungulate farm animal implantation, and the general process of blastocyst implantation in small rodents. Future research directions of this area are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshinaga
- Fertility and Infertility Branch, Division of Extramural Research, NICHD, NIH,
Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Agha-Hosseini M, Hashemi L, Aleyasin A, Ghasemi M, Sarvi F, Shabani Nashtaei M, Khodarahmian M. Natural cycle versus artificial cycle in frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A randomized prospective trial. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 15:12-17. [PMID: 29662710 PMCID: PMC5894530 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.47855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether there was a difference in pregnancy outcomes between modified natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer (NC-FET) cycles and artificial cycles (AC)-FET in women who all had regular menstrual cycles. Materials and Methods: One hundred seventy patients who met the inclusion criteria and had at least two cryopreserved embryos were included in a prospective randomized controlled trial. Eighty-five patients were randomized based on Bernoulli distribution into the following two groups: 1) Modified NC-FET using human chorionic gonadotropin for ovulation induction and 2) AC-FET, in which endometrial timing was programmed with estrogen and progesterone. The main studied outcome measure was the clinical pregnancy rate per cycle. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to the chemical, clinical, and ongoing pregnancy rates (48.2% vs 45.9%, p>0.05; 38.9% vs 35.3%, p>0.05; and 37.6% vs 34.1%, p>0.05, respectively), as well as the live birth or miscarriage rates per cycle (35.3% vs 31.8%, p>0.05; and 1.2% vs 1.2%, p>0.05, respectively). Conclusion: These findings suggest that although both FET protocols are equally effective in terms of pregnancy outcomes in women with regular menstrual cycles, NC-FET is more favorable because it requires no medication, has no adverse events, and has a significant cost reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Agha-Hosseini
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Department of Infertility, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Hashemi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Department of Infertility, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Aleyasin
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Department of Infertility, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghasemi
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Aliebneabitaleb Hospital, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sarvi
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Aliebneabitaleb Hospital, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani Nashtaei
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Department of Infertility, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Khodarahmian
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Moghani-Ghoroghi F, Moshkdanian G, Sehat M, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Ragerdi-Kashani I, Pasbakhsh P. Melatonin Pretreated Blastocysts along with Calcitonin Administration Improved Implantation by Upregulation of Heparin Binding-Epidermal Growth Factor Expression in Murine Endometrium. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:599-606. [PMID: 29105394 PMCID: PMC5672098 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Implantation failure is an obstacle in assisted reproduction techniques (ART). Calcitonin is a molecules
involved in uterine receptivity and embryo implantation. Melatonin can promote embryo quality and improve
implantation. This study examines the effect of pretreatment of blastocysts with melatonin and calcitonin on heparin
binding-epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) expression in murine endometrium.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we collected 2-cell embryos from the oviducts of 1.5 day pregnant
NMRI mice. Embryos were cultured to the blastocyst in GTM medium with or without 10-9 M melatonin. Pregnant and
pseudo-pregnant mice received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 2 IU calcitonin. After 24 hours, we transferred the
cultured blastocysts into the uteri of pseudo-pregnant mice. Two days later, implantation sites were counted and we
assessed the levels of HB-EGF mRNA and protein in the uteri of naturally pregnant and pseudo-pregnant mice by
quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Statistical analysis was performed with
one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results Melatonin pretreatment of blastocysts along with calcitonin administration significantly increased HB-EGF
mRNA and protein (P<0.001) in the endometrium of pseudo-pregnant mice. Administration of calcitonin in naturally
pregnant mice significantly increased HB-EGF mRNA and protein levels (P<0.001). Compared with the control group
(2.6 ± 0.5), the average number of implantation sites in the melatonin group (4.6 ± 0.5, P<0.05) and calcitonin group (7
± 1, P<0.001) significantly increased. There was a significant increase in implantation sites in the combined melatonin
and calcitonin group (8.6 ± 0.5, P<0.001). Calcitonin significantly enhanced calcitonin receptor mRNA (P<0.001) and
protein (P<0.05) in the uteri of naturally pregnant and pseudo-pregnant mice.
Conclusion Melatonin pretreated blastocysts along with calcitonin increased HB-EGF expression in the uteri of pseudo-
pregnant mice. Calcitonin administration upregulated HB-EGF in uteri of naturally pregnant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghazaleh Moshkdanian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Anatomical Science Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sehat
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Ragerdi-Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Camargo-Díaz F, García V, Ocampo-Bárcenas A, González-Marquez H, López-Bayghen E. Colony stimulating factor-1 and leukemia inhibitor factor expression from current-cycle cannula isolated endometrial cells are associated with increased endometrial receptivity and pregnancy. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:63. [PMID: 28830391 PMCID: PMC5567912 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Poor endometrial quality is associated with more than a third of embryo implantation failures. Current ultrasonography technology lacks the capacity to determine efficiently the endometrial receptivity during ongoing cycle transfers. We analyzed the relationship between the gene expression profile associated with implantation and clinical pregnancy from endometrial cells taken during embryo transfer. Methods Seventy-six patients submitted to a standard ovarian stimulation protocol, in vitro fertilization, and good quality embryos were collected (morphological assessment). Endometrial samples were taken with ultrasonography guidance and cells were Hematoxylin and Eosin stained for morphological identification. Total RNA was extracted and the expression of Mucin 1 (MUC1), Homeobox A10 (HOXA-10), Leukemia Inhibitor Factor (LIF), Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1), and ribosomal 18 s (endogenous control) were analyzed using RT-qPCR. Presence of a gestational sac, β-hGC (≥10 mIU/mL on Day 20), and a fetal heartbeat were used to determine a positive embryo implantation and pregnancy. Results Samples collected from same cycle embryo transfer showed clear morphological staining for endometrial cells (80–90% of the cells). Cells in the sample were molecularly identified as the endometrium (HOXA-10 positive and MUC-1 negative). CSF-1 expression was 4.55-fold and LIF expression was 12.25-fold higher in patients who became pregnant. Both increases were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions Here, we provide evidence of a new method to assess endometrial receptivity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the expression profile, based on LIF and CSF-1, showed a difference between a receptive and a non-receptive endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Camargo-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico Molecular, Instituto de Infertilidad y Genética SC, INGENES, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria García
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico Molecular, Instituto de Infertilidad y Genética SC, INGENES, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Azucena Ocampo-Bárcenas
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico Molecular, Instituto de Infertilidad y Genética SC, INGENES, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto González-Marquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico Molecular, Instituto de Infertilidad y Genética SC, INGENES, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esther López-Bayghen
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México City, CDMX, Mexico.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE Integrin αvβ3 (ITG αvβ3) participates in the process of implantation between the embryo and the endometrium. This study investigated the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on endometrial receptivity and implantation efficiency of the embryo, and their possible mechanisms. METHODS Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to detect the changes in mRNA and protein levels of ITG αvβ3 in RL95-2 cells after administering PGE2. BeWo trophoblast cells and RL95-2 endometrial epithelial cells were used to establish an in vitro model, which was used to observe the adhesion rate and spreading efficiency between BeWo spheroids and RL95-2 cell monolayers after pretreatment with different concentrations of PGE2. RESULTS PGE2 at 200 nM increased the mRNA and protein levels of ITG αv significantly (p < 0.05); 100 nM PGE2 increased the mRNA and protein levels of ITG β3 significantly (p < 0.05). PGE2 at 200 nM increased significantly the adhesion and spreading efficiency of BeWo spheres to RL95-2 cell monolayers. CONCLUSIONS An appropriate concentration of PGE2 might increase the expression of ITG αvβ3, which would, promote embryo adhesion and spreading efficiency. This study provides further evidence that increased expression of ITG αvβ3 might promote implantation by improving endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaman Huang
- a Obstetrical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , PR China
| | - Haizhi Liu
- a Obstetrical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , PR China
| | - Ruiman Li
- a Obstetrical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , PR China
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17
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Chung TW, Park MJ, Kim HS, Choi HJ, Ha KT. Integrin αVβ3 and αVβ5 are required for leukemia inhibitory factor-mediated the adhesion of trophoblast cells to the endometrial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:936-40. [PMID: 26723254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The embryo implantation including adhesion between trophoblast and endometrium is a crucial process for the successful pregnancy. LIF and adhesion molecules including integrins are known as significant factors for embryo implantation. However, the function of LIF on the regulation of adhesion molecule expression and promotion of trophoblast adhesion to endometrial cells has not been fully elucidated. Here we show that LIF significantly induced mRNA expression of ITGAV, ITGB3, and ITGB5 in endometrial cells, as evidenced by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR analysis. Based on the results from treatment of antagonist for LIF receptor (hLA), LIF positively regulates expression of integrin αV, β3, and β5, and adhesion of the human trophectoderm-derived JAr cells to endometrial Ishikawa cells. Furthermore, the adhesion between trophoblastic cells and LIF-stimulated endometrial cells was significantly reduced by neutralization of LIF-mediated integrin β3 and β5 expression on endometrial cell surface with integrin subunit β3 and β5 antibodies. Taken together, we firstly demonstrate that LIF enhances the adhesion of trophoblastic cells to endometrial cells by up-regulating expression of integrin heterodimer αVβ3 and αVβ5, indicating the promotion of endometrial receptivity for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Wook Chung
- School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medicine Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-780, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Park
- School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medicine Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-780, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Choi
- School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medicine Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-780, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medicine Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-780, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Preimplantation embryo-secreted factors modulate maternal gene expression in rat uterus. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:453-63. [PMID: 26685865 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian reproduction, embryo implantation into the uterus is spatiotemporally regulated by a complex process triggered by a number of factors. Although previous studies have suggested that uterine receptivity is mediated by blastocyst-derived factors, specific functions of embryos remain to be defined during preimplantation. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the maternal genes regulated by embryo-secreted factors in the rat uterus. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed that 10 genes are up-regulated in the delayed implantation uterus compared with the pseudopregnancy uterus. The RNA-seq results were further verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sulf1 expression is significantly (P < 0.05) induced in the delayed implantation uterus, although Areg, Calca, Fxyd4 and Lamc3 show a definite but non-statistically significant increase in their expression levels. During early pregnancy, the levels of Areg, Calca, Fxyd4, Lamc3 and Sulf1 expression at 3.5 days post coitus (dpc) are significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those at 1.5 dpc. Treatment with embryo-conditioned media revealed that Lamc3 and Sulf1 are up-regulated compared with the other genes studied. Thus, embryo-derived factors regulate maternal gene expression, with Lamc3 and Sulf1 possibly being suitable markers for a response study of embryo-secreted factors to improve our understanding of embryo-maternal communication.
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19
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Pawar S, Hantak AM, Bagchi IC, Bagchi MK. Minireview: Steroid-regulated paracrine mechanisms controlling implantation. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1408-22. [PMID: 25051170 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation is an essential process during establishment of pregnancy in mammals. It is initiated with the attachment of the blastocyst to a receptive uterine epithelium followed by its invasion into the stromal tissue. These events are profoundly regulated by the steroid hormones 17β-estradiol and progesterone. During the past several years, mouse models harboring conditional gene knockout mutations have become powerful tools for determining the functional roles of cellular factors involved in various aspects of implantation biology. Studies using these genetic models as well as primary cultures of human endometrial cells have established that the estrogen receptor α, the progesterone receptor, and their downstream target genes critically regulate uterine growth and differentiation, which in turn control embryo-endometrial interactions during early pregnancy. These studies have uncovered a diverse array of molecular cues, which are produced under the influence of estrogen receptor α and progesterone receptor and exchanged between the epithelial and stromal compartments of the uterus during the progressive phases of implantation. These paracrine signals are critical for acquisition of uterine receptivity and functional interactions with the embryo. This review highlights recent work describing paracrine mechanisms that govern steroid-regulated uterine epithelial-stromal dialogue during implantation and their roles in fertility and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Pawar
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (S.P., A.M.H., M.K.B.) and Comparative Biosciences (I.C.B.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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20
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Liu D, Zhang XX, Xi BX, Wan DY, Li L, Zhou J, Wang W, Ma D, Wang H, Gao QL. Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 promotes DNA replication and cell proliferation in cervical cancer. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1232-40. [PMID: 24970368 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant proliferation is the fundamental trait of tumor cells. The initiation of DNA replication represents a key process for cell proliferation, and has a marked impact on tumorigenesis and progression. Here we report that Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) functions as a master regulator in DNA replication of cervical cancer cells. The expression of SIX1 was induced by the E7 oncoprotein of human papillomaviruses in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. The increase of SIX1 expression resulted in the upregulation of multiple genes related to the initiation of DNA replication, including the genes coding for the proteins in minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM2, MCM3, MCM6), DNA polymerase α-primase complex (POLA1, PRIM1, PRIM2), clamp loader (RFC3, RFC4, RFC5), DNA polymerase δ complex (POLD3) and DNA polymerase ε complex (POLE2). In line with this, the increase of SIX1 expression enhanced DNA synthesis, accelerated G1 to S phase progression, and promoted the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and the growth of cervical cancer. Consistently, knockdown of SIX1 could hamper DNA synthesis, slow down G1 to S phase progression, and suppress tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth. Importantly, SIX1 could more efficiently promote anchorage-independent cell growth. These results suggest that the increase of SIX1 expression could promote tumorigenesis, progression and invasive growth of cervical cancer by promoting DNA replication, and that targeting SIX1 may have significant therapeutic value in cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zhang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Xin Xi
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Yi Wan
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Lei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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21
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Kamano S, Ikeda S, Sugimoto M, Kume S. The effects of calcitonin on the development of and Ca2+ levels in heat-shocked bovine preimplantation embryos in vitro. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:317-23. [PMID: 24899099 PMCID: PMC4139507 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium homeostasis is essential for proper cell function. We investigated the effects of heat shock on the
development of and the intracellular Ca2+ levels in bovine preimplantation embryos in vitro and the
effects of calcitonin (CT), a receptor-mediated Ca2+ regulator, on heat shock-induced events. Heat shock (40.5 C for 10
h between 20 and 30 h postinsemination) of in vitro-produced bovine embryos did not affect the cleavage rate;
however, it significantly decreased the rates of development to the 5- to 8-cell and blastocyst stages as compared with those of
the control cultured for the entire period at 38.5 C (P < 0.05). The relative intracellular Ca2+ levels at the
1-cell stage (5 h after the start of heat shock), as assessed by Fluo-8 AM, a fluorescent probe for Ca2+, indicated
that heat shock significantly lowered the Ca2+ level as compared with the control level. Semiquantitative reverse
transcription PCR and western blot analyses revealed the expression of CT receptor in bovine preimplantation embryos. The addition
of CT (10 nM) to the culture medium ameliorated the heat shock-induced impairment of embryonic development beyond the 5- to 8-cell
stage. The Ca2+ level in the heat-shocked embryos cultured with CT was similar to that of the control embryos,
suggesting that heat shock lowers the Ca2+ level in fertilized embryos in vitro and that a lower
Ca2+ level is implicated in heat shock-induced impairment of embryonic development. Intracellular
Ca2+-mobilizing agents, e.g., CT, may effectively circumvent the detrimental effects of heat shock on early embryonic
development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Kamano
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Reprint of: In-vitro model systems for the study of human embryo–endometrium interactions. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 27:673-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Weimar CHE, Post Uiterweer ED, Teklenburg G, Heijnen CJ, Macklon NS. In-vitro model systems for the study of human embryo-endometrium interactions. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 27:461-76. [PMID: 24055530 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Implantation requires highly orchestrated interactions between the developing embryo and maternal endometrium. The association between abnormal implantation and reproductive failure is evident, both in normal pregnancy and in assisted reproduction patients. Failure of implantation is the pregnancy rate-limiting step in assisted reproduction, but, as yet, empirical interventions have largely failed to address this problem. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying human embryo-endometrium signalling is a prerequisite for the further improvement of assisted reproduction outcomes and the development of effective interventions to prevent early pregnancy loss. Studying human embryo implantation is challenging since in-vivo experiments are impractical and unethical, and studies in animal models do not always translate well to humans. However, in recent years in-vitro models have been shown to provide a promising way forward. This review discusses the principal models used to study early human embryo development and initial stages of implantation in vitro. While each model has limitations, exploiting these models will improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms and embryo-endometrium cross-talk at the early implantation site. They provide valuable tools to study early embryo development and pathophysiology of reproductive disorders and have revealed novel disease mechanisms such as the role of epigenetic modifications in recurrent miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H E Weimar
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease (NIDOD), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Zhou YH, Liao SJ, Li D, Luo J, Wei JJ, Yan B, Sun R, Shu Y, Wang Q, Zhang GM, Feng ZH. TLR4 ligand/H₂O₂ enhances TGF-β1 signaling to induce metastatic potential of non-invasive breast cancer cells by activating non-Smad pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65906. [PMID: 23734265 PMCID: PMC3667026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 has the potential to activate multiple signaling pathways required for inducing metastatic potential of tumor cells. However, TGF-β1 was inefficient in inducing metastatic potential of many non-invasive human tumor cells. Here we report that the enhancement of TGF-β1 signaling is required for inducing metastatic potential of non-invasive breast cancer cells. TGF-β1 alone could not efficiently induce the sustained activation of Smad and non-Smad pathways in non-invasive breast cancer cells. TLR4 ligand (LPS) and H2O2 cooperated with TGF-β1 to enhance the sustained activation of non-Smad pathways, including p38MAPK, ERK, JNK, PI3K, and NF-κB. The activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways resulted in a positive feed-back effect on TGF-β1 signaling by down-regulating Nm23-H1 expression and up-regulating the expression of TβRI and TβRII, favoring further activation of multiple signaling pathways. Moreover, the enhanced TGF-β1 signaling induced higher expression of SNAI2, which also promoted TβRII expression. Therefore, the sustained activation levels of both Smad and non-Smad pathways were gradually increased after prolonged stimulation with TGF-β1/H2O2/LPS. Consistent with the activation pattern of signaling pathways, the invasive capacity and anoikis-resistance of non-invasive breast cancer cells were gradually increased after prolonged stimulation with TGF-β1/H2O2/LPS. The metastatic potential induced by TGF-β1/H2O2/LPS was sufficient for tumor cells to extravasate and form metastatic foci in an experimental metastasis model in nude mice. The findings in this study suggested that the enhanced signaling is required for inducing higher metastatic capacity of tumor cells, and that targeting one of stimuli or signaling pathways might be potential approach in comprehensive strategy for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Jun Liao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Mei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (GMZ); (ZHF)
| | - Zuo-Hua Feng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (GMZ); (ZHF)
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