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Millán-de-Meer M, Luque-Ramírez M, Nattero-Chávez L, Escobar-Morreale HF. PCOS during the menopausal transition and after menopause: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2023; 29:741-772. [PMID: 37353908 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current knowledge about the consequences of PCOS during the late reproductive years and after menopause is limited. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of data on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of women ≥45 years of age-peri- or postmenopausal-with PCOS. SEARCH METHODS Studies published up to 15 April 2023, identified by Entrez-PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus online facilities, were considered. We included cross-sectional or prospective studies that reported data from peri- or postmenopausal patients with PCOS and control women with a mean age ≥45 years. Three independent researchers performed data extraction. Meta-analyses of quantitative data used random-effects models because of the heterogeneity derived from differences in study design and criteria used to define PCOS, among other confounding factors. Sensitivity analyses restricted the meta-analyses to population-based studies, to studies including only patients diagnosed using the most widely accepted definitions of PCOS, only menopausal women or only women not submitted to ovarian surgery, and studies in which patients and controls presented with similar indexes of weight excess. Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. OUTCOMES The initial search identified 1400 articles, and another six were included from the reference lists of included articles; 476 duplicates were deleted. We excluded 868 articles for different reasons, leaving 37 valid studies for the qualitative synthesis, of which 28 studies-published in 41 articles-were considered for the quantitative synthesis and meta-analyses. Another nine studies were included only in the qualitative analyses. Compared with controls, peri- and postmenopausal patients with PCOS presented increased circulating total testosterone (standardized mean difference, SMD 0.78 (0.35, 1.22)), free androgen index (SMD 1.29 (0.89, 1.68)), and androstenedione (SMD 0.58 (0.23, 0.94)), whereas their sex hormone-binding globulin was reduced (SMD -0.60 (-0.76, -0.44)). Women with PCOS showed increased BMI (SMD 0.57 (0.32, 0.75)), waist circumference (SMD 0.64 (0.42, 0.86)), and waist-to-hip ratio (SMD 0.38 (0.14, 0.61)) together with increased homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (SMD 0.56 (0.27, 0.84)), fasting insulin (SMD 0.61 (0.38, 0.83)), fasting glucose (SMD 0.48 (0.29, 0.68)), and odds ratios (OR, 95% CI) for diabetes (OR 3.01 (1.91, 4.73)) compared to controls. Women with PCOS versus controls showed decreased HDL concentrations (SMD -0.32 (-0.46, -0.19)) and increased triglycerides (SMD 0.31 (0.16, 0.46)), even though total cholesterol and LDL concentrations, as well as the OR for dyslipidaemia, were similar to those of controls. The OR for having hypertension was increased in women with PCOS compared with controls (OR 1.79 (1.36, 2.36)). Albeit myocardial infarction (OR 2.51 (1.08, 5.81)) and stroke (OR 1.75 (1.03, 2.99)) were more prevalent in women with PCOS than controls, the ORs for cardiovascular disease as a whole, coronary artery disease as a whole, breast cancer and age at menopause, were similar in patients and controls. When restricting meta-analysis to studies in which women with PCOS and controls had a similar mean BMI, the only difference that retained statistical significance was a decrease in HDL-cholesterol concentration in the former and, in the two studies in which postmenopausal women with PCOS and controls had similar BMI, patients presented with increased serum androgen concentrations, suggesting that hyperandrogenism persists after menopause, regardless of obesity. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Hyperandrogenism appeared to persist during the late-reproductive years and after menopause in women with PCOS. Most cardiometabolic comorbidities were driven by the frequent coexistence of weight excess and PCOS, highlighting the importance of targeting obesity in this population. However, the significant heterogeneity among included studies, and the overall low quality of the evidence gathered here, precludes reaching definite conclusions on the issue. Hence, guidelines derived from adequately powered prospective studies are definitely needed for appropriate management of these women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Diabetes, Obesidad y Reproducción Humana, Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lía Nattero-Chávez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Diabetes, Obesidad y Reproducción Humana, Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Diabetes, Obesidad y Reproducción Humana, Universidad de Alcalá & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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Bortoletto P, Romanski PA, Petrozza JC, Pfeifer SM. Reproductive surgery: revisiting its origins and role in the modern management of fertility. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:539-550. [PMID: 36870592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
For years, reproductive surgery was the mainstay of reproductive care. With the evolution and ultimate success of in vitro fertilization (IVF), reproductive surgery became an adjuvant therapy, indicated mainly for severe symptoms or to enhance success rates with assisted reproductive technologies. As success rates for IVF have plateaued, and emerging data rekindles the enormous benefits of surgically correcting reproductive pathologies, there is renewed interest among reproductive surgeons in reviving research and surgical expertise in this area. In addition, new instrumentation and surgical techniques to preserve fertility have gained traction and will solidify the need to have skilled reproductive endocrinology and infertility surgeons in our practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bortoletto
- Boston IVF, Waltham, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | | | - John C Petrozza
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Decision of Reproductive Medicine & IVF, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha M Pfeifer
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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Forslund M, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Brännström M, Dahlgren E. No difference in morbidity between perimenopausal women with PCOS with and without previous wedge resection. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 285:74-78. [PMID: 37080084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), affecting more than every 10th woman of reproductive age, is associated with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most knowledge regarding longtime consequences concerning morbidity is based on women where ovarian wedge resection (WR) was used as a surgical treatment, a method not used today. The aim of this study was to compare women with PCOS who had and had not undergone WR, regarding risk factors for CVD. The hypothesis was that women who had undergone WR had a more severe PCOS phenotype, and that this cohort thus had more associated CVD risk factors compared with women diagnosed through non-invasive methods. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed. A PCOS cohort who underwent WR in the 1950-60 s (n = 27) were compared with a PCOS cohort diagnosed by NIH-criterions in the 1990s without WR (n = 32). Both cohorts were examined at perimenopausal age. RESULTS No differences were seen in prevalence of hypertension, obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between the women with PCOS with or without WR, respectively. The results were persistent irrespective of the lower mean BMI in the WR group, 26.4 vs. 30.7 kg/m2, p = 0.01. In the stratified group of overweight and obese, there was no difference in T2DM 27% vs 25% or hypertension 27% vs 25%, in WR and non-WR women with PCOS, respectively. The cohort diagnosed through WR had higher free androgen index (6.3 vs. 2.1, p < 0.01) and total testosterone (2.20 vs. 0.99 nmol/L, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION No differences in CVD risk factors were found in perimenopausal women with PCOS with or without a previous WR, and irrespective of body weight. The results indicate that CVD morbidity and mortality from studies in women with PCOS who have undergone WR are generalizable to women with PCOS who have not undergone WR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Forslund
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kerstin Landin-Wilhelmsen
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Section for Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Brännström
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Dahlgren
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhang J, Tang L, Kong L, Wu T, Xu L, Pan X, Liu GJ. Ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian needle drilling for clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome in subfertile women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 11:CD008583. [PMID: 34735019 PMCID: PMC8567741 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008583.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovulatory disturbance is a key diagnostic feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), leading to infertility and correspondingly heavy disease burden. Many therapeutic strategies have been used to induce ovulation for women with PCOS who are infertile. Ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian needle drilling (UTND) is a novel surgical method used to induce ovulation for women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS at the outpatient clinic. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of UTND for subfertile women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and other databases to December 2020. We checked conference abstracts, reference lists, and clinical trials registries. We also contacted experts and specialists in the field for any additional trials . SELECTION CRITERIA We planned to include randomised controlled trials comparing UTND to laparoscopic ovarian drilling, and UTND combined with gonadotropins to gonadotropins, in women of reproductive age with clomiphene-resistant PCOS and infertility. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the trials identified by the search for inclusion, assessed methodological quality and risk of bias, and extracted data. The primary outcomes were live birth rate and incidence of surgical complications (bleeding and infection). Secondary outcomes included pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We planned to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for dichotomous data. We would assess overall quality of the evidence by applying the GRADE criteria. MAIN RESULTS We did not identify any trials for inclusion in the review. We were unable to assess the benefit or harm of applying UTND for women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS, as no studies could be included in the current review. We moved the previously included trials to studies awaiting classification due to concerns regarding methodology. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Since we did not identify any studies for inclusion, we were unable to assess the benefit or harm of applying UTND for women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liulin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Linglingli Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Taixiang Wu
- Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Mother and Baby Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, New Castle, China
| | - Guan J Liu
- Cochrane China, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Matsuzaki S. Mechanobiology of the female reproductive system. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:371-401. [PMID: 34646066 PMCID: PMC8499606 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanobiology in the field of human female reproduction has been extremely challenging technically and ethically. METHODS The present review provides the current knowledge on mechanobiology of the female reproductive system. This review focuses on the early phases of reproduction from oocyte development to early embryonic development, with an emphasis on current progress. MAIN FINDINGS RESULTS Optimal, well-controlled mechanical cues are required for female reproductive system physiology. Many important questions remain unanswered; whether and how mechanical imbalances among the embryo, decidua, and uterine muscle contractions affect early human embryonic development, whether the biomechanical properties of oocytes/embryos are potential biomarkers for selecting high-quality oocytes/embryos, whether mechanical properties differ between the two major compartments of the ovary (cortex and medulla) in normally ovulating human ovaries, whether durotaxis is involved in several processes in addition to embryonic development. Progress in mechanobiology is dependent on development of technologies that enable precise physical measurements. CONCLUSION More studies are needed to understand the roles of forces and changes in the mechanical properties of female reproductive system physiology. Recent and future technological advancements in mechanobiology research will help us understand the role of mechanical forces in female reproductive system disorders/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Matsuzaki
- CHU Clermont‐FerrandChirurgie GynécologiqueClermont‐FerrandFrance
- Université Clermont AuvergneInstitut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMAClermont‐FerrandFrance
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Qi L, Liu B, Chen X, Liu Q, Li W, Lv B, Xu X, Wang L, Zeng Q, Xue J, Xue Z. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Dynamics in Oocytes of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Genet 2020; 11:396. [PMID: 32425983 PMCID: PMC7203476 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by polycystic ovarian morphology, ovarian follicular maturation arrest, and hormonal disorders, affects numerous women in the reproductive age worldwide. A recent study has found that mitochondria are likely to play an essential role in oocyte quality. However, it is still unclear whether oocyte development failure is associated with mitochondria in patients with PCOS. We analyzed the single-cell RNA sequencing data from the previous study, including data from 14 oocytes from 7 healthy fertile women and 20 oocytes from 9 patients with PCOS at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, metaphase I (MI) stage, and metaphase II (MII) stage. We revealed the transcriptomic dynamics by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and investigated the differences between stages using PCA and Deseq2 analyses to identify the differential expression genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) was performed using clusterProfiler R package and Metascape. Our results indicated that specific gene modules were related to different stages of oocyte development using WGCNA. Functional enrichment analysis and gene co-expression network analysis found significant enrichment of the mitochondrial regulation genes at the GV stage. PCA (principal component analysis) and differential gene expression analysis suggested that GV was significantly different from the MI and MII stages between the two groups. Further analysis demonstrated that the upregulated differentially expressed genes at the GV stage of patients with PCOS mainly related to mitochondrial function, such as COX6B1, COX8A, COX4l1, and NDUFB9. Meanwhile, these genes tended to be activated at the MII stage in healthy cells, suggesting that some mitochondrial functions may be prematurely activated at the GV stage of PCOS oocytes, whereas this process occurs at the MII stage in healthy oocytes. Collectively, our study showed that aberrant mitochondrial function at the GV stage may contribute to a decline in oocyte quality of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Qi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boxuan Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- Department of Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqiong Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Zeng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine of Ji'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Jinfeng Xue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Dulka EA, Burger LL, Moenter SM. Ovarian Androgens Maintain High GnRH Neuron Firing Rate in Adult Prenatally-Androgenized Female Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5686883. [PMID: 31875912 PMCID: PMC7397485 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release frequency from the brain help drive reproductive cycles. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), persistent high GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) frequency disrupts cycles and exacerbates hyperandrogenemia. Adult prenatally-androgenized (PNA) mice exhibit increased GnRH neuron firing rate, elevated ovarian androgens, and disrupted cycles, but before puberty, GnRH neuron activity is reduced in PNA mice compared with controls. We hypothesized that ovarian feedback mediates the age-dependent change in GnRH neuron firing rate in PNA vs control mice. Extracellular recordings of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-identified GnRH neurons were made 5 to 7 days after sham-surgery, ovariectomy (OVX), or, in adults, after OVX plus replacement of sub-male androgen levels with dihydrotestosterone implants (OVX + DHT). In 3-week-old mice, OVX did not affect GnRH neuron firing rate in either group. In adult controls, OVX increased GnRH neuron firing rate, which was further enhanced by DHT. In adult PNA mice, however, OVX decreased GnRH neuron firing rate, and DHT restored firing rate to sham-operated levels. In contrast to the differential effects of ovarian feedback on GnRH neuron firing rate, serum LH increased after OVX in both control and PNA mice and was not altered by DHT. Pituitary gene expression largely reflected changes expected with OVX, although in PNA but not control mice, DHT treatment increased Lhb expression. These results suggest prenatal androgen exposure programs marked changes in GnRH neuron regulation by homeostatic steroid feedback. PNA lowers GnRH neuron activity in low-steroid states (before puberty, OVX), and renders activity in adulthood dependent upon ongoing exposure to elevated ovarian androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden A Dulka
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura L Burger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Suzanne M. Moenter, PhD; 7725 Med Sci II; 1137 E Catherine St; Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622; phone: 734-647-1755;
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Ferreri J, Fàbregues F, Calafell JM, Solernou R, Borrás A, Saco A, Manau D, Carmona F. Drug-free in-vitro activation of follicles and fresh tissue autotransplantation as a therapeutic option in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 40:254-260. [PMID: 31956062 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Could in-vitro action of follicles and fresh tissue autotransplantation without tissue culture (drug-free IVA) be useful in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)? DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study in a tertiary university hospital. Drug-Free IVA was carried out in 14 women with POI with a median age of 33 years (29-36 years), median length of amenorrhoea of 1.5 years (1-11 years), median FSH levels 69.2 mIU/ml (36.9-82.8 mIU/ml) and anti-Müllerian hormone of 0.02 ng/ml (0.01-0.1 ng/ml). The surgical procedure included laparoscopic removal of ovarian cortex, fragmentation of tissue and autografting. Human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) was started immediately after surgery. RESULTS Follicle development was detected in seven out of the 14 patients, and five women achieved successful oocyte retrieval. In six women, HCG was administered in 10 cycles. Six embryo transfers were carried out in five women resulting in four pregnancies; a clinical pregnancy rate of four in seven oocyte retrievals and four in six embryo transfers. CONCLUSIONS Drug-free IVA could be a useful therapeutic option for patients with POI, leading to successful IVF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janisse Ferreri
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Francesc Fàbregues
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | | | | | - Aina Borrás
- FIVClinic, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adela Saco
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona
| | - Dolors Manau
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Francisco Carmona
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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Zhang J, Tang L, Kong L, Wu T, Xu L, Pan X, Liu GJ. Ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian needle drilling for clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome in subfertile women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 7:CD008583. [PMID: 31425630 PMCID: PMC6699647 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008583.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovulatory disturbance is a key diagnostic feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), leading to infertility and correspondingly heavy disease burden. Many therapeutic strategies have been used to induce ovulation for women with PCOS who are infertile. Ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian needle drilling (UTND) is a novel surgical method used to induce ovulation for women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS at the outpatients clinic. Nevertheless, the quality in most of the studies seemed low, and the safety and efficacy of UTND is still uncertain. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of UTND for subfertile women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group (CGFG) Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and six other databases to November 2018. We checked conference abstracts from the 2018 ESHRE, reference lists, and clinical trials registries. We contacted experts and specialists in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing UTND to laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD), and UTND combined with gonadotropins to gonadotropins alone for women of reproductive age with clomiphene-resistant PCOS and infertility. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened appropriate trials for inclusion, assessed methodological quality and risk of bias, and extracted data. The primary outcomes were live birth rate and incidence of surgical complications (bleeding and infection). We included ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) as a secondary outcome. Meta-analyses could only be conducted for the secondary outcomes pregnancy rate and ovulation rate in the comparison of UTND versus LOD using a random-effect model. We calculated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous data. We assessed the overall quality of the evidence by applying GRADE criteria. MAIN RESULTS We included five trials involving 639 clomiphene-resistant women with PCOS. Three studies compared UTND with LOD, and two compared UTND combined with gonadotropins with gonadotropins alone. The evidence was of low to very low quality. The main limitations were serious risk of bias due to poor reporting of methods, inconsistency resulting from heterogeneity, imprecision induced by limited sample size, and lack of reporting of clinically relevant outcomes such as live birth and surgical complications.UTND versus LODNo studies reported on the main outcome live birth. One study reported on surgical complications; however, the evidence for this outcome was of very low quality because it was based on one study with small sample size and there were no events in either arm. Thus, we are uncertain whether there is any difference in surgical complications between UTND and LOD.We are also uncertain whether there is any difference in pregnancy rate when comparing UTND with LOD (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.03; I2 = 56%; 3 RCTs, n = 473; very-low quality evidence). UTND may lead to a slight decrease in ovulation rate when compared to LOD (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.97; I2 = 0%; 3 RCTs, n = 473; low-quality evidence). This suggests that among clomiphene-resistant women with PCOS using LOD with an expected ovulation rate of 69.5%, the ovulation rate among women using UTND may be between 50.6% and 68.8%No studies reported on the outcomes OHSS and multiple pregnancy. There was also insufficient evidence to reach a conclusion regarding miscarriage as there was only one study of very low quality.UTND combined with gonadotropins versus gonadotropins aloneNo studies reported on the main outcomes live birth and incidence of surgical complications. The evidence for the outcomes OHSS, pregnancy, ovulation, miscarriage, and multiple pregnancy in this comparison was of very low quality. Thus, we are uncertain whether there is any difference in these outcomes for women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS using UTND combined with gonadotropins as compared with gonadotropins. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on very low-quality evidence, It is uncertain whether there is any difference in pregnancy rate, incidence of surgical complications, and miscarriage rate between UTND and LOD in women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS. UTND may lead to a slight decrease in ovulation rate when compared to LOD. No studies reported on the outcomes live birth rate, incidence of OHSS, and multiple pregnancy rate. No studies reported on the main outcomes live birth and surgical complications for the comparison UTND combined with gonadotrophins versus gonadotrophins alone. The evidence for the outcomes OHSS, pregnancy, ovulation, miscarriage, and multiple pregnancy in this comparison was of very low quality. Thus, it is unclear if there is a difference in any of the outcomes between UTND combined with gonadotrophins versus gonadotrophins alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyChengduSichuanChina
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University)ChengduSichuanChina
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityReproductive Endocrinology and Regulation LaboratoryNO. 20, 3rd section, Renmin South RdChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Liulin Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNo. 15, Le Qun RoadGuilinGuangxiChina541001
| | - Linglingli Kong
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyChengduSichuanChina
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University)ChengduSichuanChina
| | - Taixiang Wu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChinese Clinical Trial Registry, Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical TrialsNo. 37, Guo Xue XiangChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyChengduSichuanChina
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University)ChengduSichuanChina
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityReproductive Endocrinology and Regulation LaboratoryNO. 20, 3rd section, Renmin South RdChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Xin Pan
- The University of NewcastleMother and Baby Center, School of Medicine and Public HealthNew CastleChina
| | - Guan J Liu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityCochrane ChinaNo. 37, Guo Xue XiangChengduSichuanChina610041
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Fabregues F, Ferreri J, Calafell JM, Moreno V, Borrás A, Manau D, Carmona F. Pregnancy after drug-free in vitro activation of follicles and fresh tissue autotransplantation in primary ovarian insufficiency patient: a case report and literature review. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:76. [PMID: 30170634 PMCID: PMC6119245 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this report was to describe a case of pregnancy after drug-free in vitro activation (IVA) of follicles and fresh tissue autotransplantation in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) patient and to review the pertinent literature. METHODS We present a case in wich a 32 - years old patient with POI became pregnant after IVA without tissue culture and with ovarian tissue transplantation. We also reviewed the literature using Pubmed database. CASE PRESENTATION Pretreatment with estradiol/progesterone stopped the day before surgery. The removal of the ovarian cortex and autotransplantation were performed by laparoscopy in the same surgical act. Ovarian fragments were transplanted in contralateral ovary and peritoneal pocket near to the ovary. Immediately after surgery GnRH agonist together HMG injections started, leading the growth of 3 preovulatory follicles and the retrieval of two mature eggs. After IVF two embryos were transferred and singleton pregnancy was established and currently she is 25 weeks pregnant. RESULTS A total of 51 patients with POI in whom an in vitro activation of ovarian tissue was performed, were collected from the revieew of the literature. In 29.4% of them, follicular development was obtained and in 4 of them a pregnancy. In all of them, a combined technique (fragmentation and activation) was performed in two laparoscopies. No case has been reported successfully after drug-free in vitro activation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report about a case with pregnancy after drug-free in vitro activation of follicles and fresh tissue autotransplantation in POI patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fabregues
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Barcelona, Spain. .,Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Ferreri
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Calafell
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Moreno
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Borrás
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Manau
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Carmona
- Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Kawashima I, Kawamura K. Regulation of follicle growth through hormonal factors and mechanical cues mediated by Hippo signaling pathway. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2017; 64:3-11. [PMID: 29224376 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1411990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The ovary is an interesting organ that shows major structural changes within a short period of time during each reproductive cycle. Follicle development is controlled by local paracrine and systemic endocrine factors. Many hormonal and molecular analyses have been conducted to find the mechanisms underlying structural changes in ovaries, However, exact mechanisms still remain to be determined. Recent development of mechanobiology facilitates the understanding on the contribution of physical forces and changes in the mechanical properties of cells and tissues to physiology and pathophysiology. The Hippo signaling pathway is one of the key players in mechanotransduction, providing an understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to mechanical signals to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis for maintaining optimal organ sizes. Our group recently demonstrated the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway in the regulation of ovarian follicle development. Fragmentation of ovarian cortex into small cubes changed cytoskeletal actin dynamics and induced disruption of the Hippo signaling pathway, leading to the production of CCN growth factors and anti-apoptotic BIRC. These factors, in turn, stimulated secondary follicle growth in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarized hormonal regulation of follicular structural changes and further focused on the role of Hippo signaling in the regulation of follicle development. We also suggest a new strategy of infertility treatments in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and primary ovarian insufficiency based on mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikko Kawashima
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kawasaki City , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawamura
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kawasaki City , Kanagawa , Japan
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12
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Escobar-Morreale HF, Santacruz E, Luque-Ramírez M, Botella Carretero JI. Prevalence of 'obesity-associated gonadal dysfunction' in severely obese men and women and its resolution after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:390-408. [PMID: 28486593 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphism manifests noticeably in obesity-associated gonadal dysfunction. In women, obesity is associated with androgen excess disorders, mostly the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), whereas androgen deficiency is frequently present in obese men in what has been termed as male obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism (MOSH). Obesity-associated gonadal dysfunction, consisting of PCOS in women and MOSH in men, is a frequent finding in patients with severe obesity and it may be ameliorated or even resolve with marked weight loss, especially after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We aimed to obtain an estimation of the prevalence of obesity-associated gonadal dysfunction among women and men presenting with severe obesity and to evaluate the response to bariatric surgery in terms of resolution and/or improvement of this condition and changes in circulating sex hormone concentrations. SEARCH METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE for articles published up to June 2016. After deleting duplicates, the abstract of 757 articles were analyzed. We subsequently excluded 712 articles leaving 45 studies for full-text assessment of eligibility. Of these, 16 articles were excluded. Hence, 29 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis and in the different meta-analyses. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Quality index for prevalence studies and the Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies With No Control Group available from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. For meta-analyses including more than 10 studies, we used funnel and Doi plots to estimate publication bias. OUTCOMES In severely obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery, obesity-associated gonadal dysfunction was very prevalent: PCOS was present in 36% (95CI 22-50) of women and MOSH was present in 64% (95CI 50-77) of men. After bariatric surgery, resolution of PCOS was found in 96% (95CI 89-100) of affected women and resolution of MOSH occurred in 87% (95CI 76-95) of affected men. Sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations increased after bariatric surgery in women (22 pmol/l, 95CI 2-47) and in men (22 pmol/l, 95CI 19-26) and serum estradiol concentrations decreased in women (-104 pmol/l, 95CI -171 to -39) and to a lesser extent in men (-22 pmol/l, 95CI -38 to -7). On the contrary, sex-specific changes were observed in serum androgen concentrations: for example, total testosterone concentration increased in men (8.1 nmol/l, 95CI 6-11) but decreased in women (-0.7 nmol/l, 95CI -0.9 to -0.5). The latter was accompanied by resolution of hirsutism in 53% (95CI 29-76), and of menstrual dysfunction in 96% (95CI 88-100), of women showing these symptoms before surgery. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Obesity-associated gonadal dysfunction is among the most prevalent comorbidities in patients with severe obesity and should be ruled out routinely during their initial diagnostic workup. Considering the excellent response regarding both PCOS and MOSH, bariatric surgery should be offered to severely obese patients presenting with obesity-associated gonadal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector F Escobar-Morreale
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, E-28034 Madrid, Spain.,Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Santacruz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, E-28034 Madrid, Spain.,Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, E-28034 Madrid, Spain.,Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José I Botella Carretero
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Universidad de Alcalá, E-28034 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Use of clomiphene or letrozole for treating women with polycystic ovary syndrome related subfertility in Hilla city. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Hypothesis of PCOS as Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism Revisited. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:467-520. [PMID: 27459230 PMCID: PMC5045492 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was hypothesized to result from functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) due to dysregulation of androgen secretion in 1989-1995. Subsequent studies have supported and amplified this hypothesis. When defined as otherwise unexplained hyperandrogenic oligoanovulation, two-thirds of PCOS cases have functionally typical FOH, characterized by 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin stimulation. Two-thirds of the remaining PCOS have FOH detectable by testosterone elevation after suppression of adrenal androgen production. About 3% of PCOS have a related isolated functional adrenal hyperandrogenism. The remaining PCOS cases are mild and lack evidence of steroid secretory abnormalities; most of these are obese, which we postulate to account for their atypical PCOS. Approximately half of normal women with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) have subclinical FOH-related steroidogenic defects. Theca cells from polycystic ovaries of classic PCOS patients in long-term culture have an intrinsic steroidogenic dysregulation that can account for the steroidogenic abnormalities typical of FOH. These cells overexpress most steroidogenic enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450c17. Overexpression of a protein identified by genome-wide association screening, differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic development 1A.V2, in normal theca cells has reproduced this PCOS phenotype in vitro. A metabolic syndrome of obesity-related and/or intrinsic insulin resistance occurs in about half of PCOS patients, and the compensatory hyperinsulinism has tissue-selective effects, which include aggravation of hyperandrogenism. PCOS seems to arise as a complex trait that results from the interaction of diverse genetic and environmental factors. Heritable factors include PCOM, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and insulin secretory defects. Environmental factors include prenatal androgen exposure and poor fetal growth, whereas acquired obesity is a major postnatal factor. The variety of pathways involved and lack of a common thread attests to the multifactorial nature and heterogeneity of the syndrome. Further research into the fundamental basis of the disorder will be necessary to optimally correct androgen levels, ovulation, and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rosenfield
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - David A Ehrmann
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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15
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Hormonal Changes After Laparoscopic Ovarian Diathermy in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016; 66:528-33. [PMID: 27651657 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-016-0882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY To assess the changes in hormonal profile (serum FSH, LH, prolactin and total testosterone) following laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients with PCOS have been included in this study. Serum prolactin, total testosterone, follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels have been used as biochemical markers, before and after procedures. RESULTS Laparoscopic ovarian drilling was successfully employed without any surgical complications and on an average follow-up time of 24 weeks after the procedure. During the follow-up serum values for prolactin, total testosterone and LH have decreased significantly and FSH levels remained unchanged after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS The LOD in patients with PCOS may avoid or reduce the risk of OHSS and the multiple pregnancy rate induced by gonadotropin therapy. The high pregnancy rate and the economic aspect of the procedure offer an attractive management for patients with PCOS. However, LOD can be considered as second-line treatment after clomiphene citrate treatment failure and/or resistance.
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Cheng Y, Feng Y, Jansson L, Sato Y, Deguchi M, Kawamura K, Hsueh AJ. Actin polymerization-enhancing drugs promote ovarian follicle growth mediated by the Hippo signaling effector YAP. FASEB J 2015; 29:2423-30. [PMID: 25690654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling pathway consists of conserved serine/threonine kinases to maintain optimal organ sizes. Studies have demonstrated that fragmentation of murine ovaries increases actin polymerization and disrupts Hippo signaling, leading to nuclear translocation of Hippo signaling effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) in ovarian follicles and follicle growth. For patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome showing follicle arrest, ovarian wedge resection and laser drilling promote follicle growth. Because these damaging procedures likely involve actin polymerization, we tested whether actin polymerization-promoting drugs could promote YAP translocation and stimulate follicle growth. Treatment of murine ovaries with μM Jasplakinolide (JASP), an actin polymerization-promoting cyclic peptide, or sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a follicular fluid constituent known to promote actin polymerization, increased the conversion of globular actin to the filamentous form, followed by increased nuclear YAP and expression of downstream connective tissue growth factor (CCN2). After short-term treatments with JASP or S1P, in vitro cultured and in vivo grafted ovaries showed follicle growth. Furthermore, induction of constitutively active YAP in ovarian grafts of transgenic mice enhanced follicle development, whereas treatment of human ovarian cortices with JASP or S1P increased CCN2 expression. Thus, JASP and S1P stimulate follicle growth and are potential therapeutic agents for treating polycystic ovarian syndrome and other ovarian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mariana University, Kawasaki, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yi Feng
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mariana University, Kawasaki, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Lina Jansson
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mariana University, Kawasaki, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yorino Sato
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mariana University, Kawasaki, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masashi Deguchi
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mariana University, Kawasaki, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawamura
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mariana University, Kawasaki, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Aaron J Hsueh
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mariana University, Kawasaki, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Abstract
Although hormonal regulation of ovarian follicle development has been extensively investigated, most studies concentrate on the development of early antral follicles to the preovulatory stage, leading to the successful use of exogenous FSH for infertility treatment. Accumulating data indicate that preantral follicles are under stringent regulation by FSH and local intraovarian factors, thus providing the possibility to develop new therapeutic approaches. Granulosa cell-derived C-type natriuretic factor not only suppresses the final maturation of oocytes to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown before ovulation but also promotes preantral and antral follicle growth. In addition, several oocyte- and granulosa cell-derived factors stimulate preantral follicle growth by acting through wingless, receptor tyrosine kinase, receptor serine kinase, and other signaling pathways. In contrast, the ovarian Hippo signaling pathway constrains follicle growth and disruption of Hippo signaling promotes the secretion of downstream CCN growth factors capable of promoting follicle growth. Although the exact hormonal factors involved in primordial follicle activation has yet to be elucidated, the protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways are important for the activation of dormant primordial follicles. Hippo signaling disruption after ovarian fragmentation, combined with treating ovarian fragments with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitors and phosphoinositide-3-kinase stimulators to augment AKT signaling, promote the growth of preantral follicles in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency, leading to a new infertility intervention for such patients. Elucidation of intraovarian mechanisms underlying early folliculogenesis may allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies for patients diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, and poor ovarian response to FSH stimulation, as well as for infertile women of advanced reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J W Hsueh
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology (A.J.W.H., Y.C.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5317; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.K.), St. Mariana University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan; Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynecology (B.C.J.M.F.), University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ott J, Mayerhofer K, Nouri K, Walch K, Seemann R, Kurz C. Perioperative androstenedione kinetics in women undergoing laparoscopic ovarian drilling: a prospective study. Endocrine 2014; 47:936-42. [PMID: 24740546 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated perioperative androstenedione levels in laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and whether an intraoperative androstenedione change was predictive for spontaneous ovulation. In a prospective study, 21 anovulatory women with clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS who underwent LOD and eight female controls who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy for infertility were included. Perioperatively, blood was drawn one day before surgery, directly before skin incision, ten minutes after surgery, and after two days. Within three months, spontaneous ovulation occurred in 15 women (71.4 %). For both the PCOS and the control group, an androstenedione increase was found from one day before surgery to skin incision (p < 0.05). In PCOS women, there was an intraoperative androstenedione decrease (median 3.5, IQR 2.2-4.8 vs. median 2.6, IQR 1.4-2.6 ng/ml, p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, only higher preoperative androstenedione (odds ratio, OR 6.53) and luteinizing hormone levels (OR 7.31), as well as secondary infertility (OR 5.40), were associated with higher rates of postoperative spontaneous ovulation (p < 0.001). Androstendione declines significantly during LOD. However, intraoperative kinetics are not useful for the prediction of spontaneous ovulation after LOD, in contrast to preoperative androstenedione and LH levels, as well as a history of previous pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ott
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria,
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Hendriks ML, Konig T, Korsen T, Melgers I, Dekker J, Mijatovic V, Schats R, Hompes PGA, Homburg R, Kaaijk EM, Twisk JWR, Lambalk CB. Short-term changes in hormonal profiles after laparoscopic ovarian laser evaporation compared with diagnostic laparoscopy for PCOS. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2544-52. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Siristatidis C, Vogiatzi P, Bettocchi S, Basios G, Mastorakos G, Vrachnis N. Transvaginal ovarian trauma, poor responders and improvement of success rates in IVF: anecdotal data and a hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:227-31. [PMID: 24837687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we propose an intervention capable of improving IVF outcomes in subfertile women with poor ovarian response. This intervention derives from anecdotal data and observations in our daily practice, but most importantly from trials on experimental models and subfertile women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Our hypothesis suggests that transvaginal induction of trauma to the ovary in the cycle preceding IVF should benefit poor ovarian responders and their lowered pregnancy rates by increasing - at least - the number of retrieved oocytes during oocyte retrieval. Up-to-the minute data show that, via this means, there is a unique response of the ovarian surface epithelium and stroma to the induced trauma. The potential pathways of this beneficial response involve an improvement of the raised gonadotrophins to act either through the mechanical reduction of the size of the ovary or through alterations of the hormonal profile by lowering LH, inhibin and local androgen concentrations through hypothalamic-pituitary axis feedbacks, the induction of increased blood flow to the ovaries, a differentiated local immune reaction and a non-elucidated as yet role of reactive oxygen species. In this report, we also describe the technique and the associated possible negative points while we try to point out the needed research steps to ensure its efficiency before it enters daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Siristatidis
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12642 Athens, Greece.
| | - Paraskevi Vogiatzi
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12642 Athens, Greece.
| | - Stefano Bettocchi
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - George Basios
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12642 Athens, Greece.
| | - George Mastorakos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikos Vrachnis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Abuelghar WM, Bayoumy HA, Ellaithy MI, Khalil MS. Women with clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovarian disease: predictors of spontaneous ovulation after laparoscopic ovarian drilling. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 175:178-85. [PMID: 24576485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of different clinical, biochemical and sonographic factors as predictors of spontaneous ovulation after laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) in women with clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovarian disease (CCR-PCOD). STUDY DESIGN This prospective study recruited 251 infertile women with CCR-PCOD. Several clinical, biochemical and sonographic criteria were tested as possible predictors of spontaneous ovulation after LOD using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Women with higher preoperative levels of LH, FSH and/or androstenedione had significantly higher rates of spontaneous ovulation within the first eight weeks after LOD, but only FSH and androstenedione were found to be independent predictors. Other factors including age, BMI, type of infertility, duration of infertility, menstrual pattern, testosterone level, ovarian volume and SHBG were insignificant predictors. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves derived from FSH, LH, androstenedione, and a logistic regression model showed that the best cut-off values were 4.1IU/l, 7.8IU/l, 1.2ng/ml, and 0.4897, respectively, with sensitivity of 91.18%, 100%, 73.53%, and 88.24% and specificity of 69.57%, 69.57%, 65.22%, and 73.91% for FSH, LH, androstenedione, and logistic regression model respectively. An extended follow up (9 months after LOD) was conducted for the anovulatory and the non-pregnant ovulatory women, who were treated individually according to their clinical situation. Of these women, 53.5% (69/129) got pregnant, resulting in a cumulative pregnancy rate of 48% (82/171). Of these pregnancies, 16/82 (19.5%) were spontaneous while 35.4% (29/82) and 45.1% (37/82) occurred after ovulation induction by CC and gonadotropins, respectively. CONCLUSION This study supports the use of androstenedione, LH and FSH as a simple reliable tool in triaging patients with CCR-PCOD to select the ideal candidates for LOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam M Abuelghar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Bayoumy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Ellaithy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marian S Khalil
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Imbaba Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Shehata IA, Ballard JR, Casper AJ, Hennings LJ, Cressman E, Ebbini ES. High-intensity focused ultrasound for potential treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: toward a noninvasive surgery. Fertil Steril 2013; 101:545-51. [PMID: 24290002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), under dual-mode ultrasound arrays (DMUAs) guidance, to induce localized thermal damage inside ovaries without damage to the ovarian surface. DESIGN Laboratory feasibility study. SETTING University-based laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Ex vivo canine and bovine ovaries. INTERVENTION(S) DMUA-guided HIFU. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Detection of ovarian damage by ultrasound imaging, gross pathology, and histology. RESULT(S) It is feasible to induce localized thermal damage inside ovaries without damage to the ovarian surface. DMUA provided sensitive imaging feedback regarding the anatomy of the treated ovaries and the ablation process. Different ablation protocols were tested, and thermal damage within the treated ovaries was histologically characterized. CONCLUSION(S) The absence of damage to the ovarian surface may eliminate many of the complications linked to current laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) techniques. HIFU may be used as a less traumatic tool to perform LOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam A Shehata
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - John R Ballard
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrew J Casper
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Leah J Hennings
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Erik Cressman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Emad S Ebbini
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Hendriks ML, König T, Soleman RS, Korsen T, Schats R, Hompes PGA, Homburg R, Lambalk CB. Influence of ovarian manipulation on reproductive endocrinology in polycystic ovarian syndrome and regularly cycling women. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:503-10. [PMID: 23904283 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the function of the ovarian neuronal network in humans. In many species, copulation influences endocrinology through this network. As a first step, the possible influence of ovarian mechanical manipulation on pituitary and ovarian hormones was evaluated in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and regularly cycling women. DESIGN Prospective case-control study (2008-2010). METHODS Ten PCOS women (Rotterdam criteria) undergoing ovulation induction with recombinant-FSH and ten normal ovulatory controls were included in an academic fertility clinic. In the late follicular phase blood was drawn every 10 min for 6 h. After 3 h the ovaries were mechanically manipulated by moving a transvaginal ultrasound probe firmly over each ovary ten times. Main outcome measures were LH and FSH pulsatility and ovarian hormones before and after ovarian manipulation. RESULTS All PCOS patients showed an LH decline after the ovarian manipulation (before 13.0 U/l and after 10.4 U/l, P<0.01), probably based on a combination of a longer LH pulse interval and smaller amplitude (P=0.07). The controls showed no LH change (before 9.6 U/l and after 9.3 U/l, P=0.67). None of the ovarian hormones (estradiol, progesterone, anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin B, androstenedione and testosterone) changed in either group. CONCLUSIONS Ovarian mechanical manipulation lowers LH secretion immediately and typically only in preovulatory PCOS patients. The immediate LH change after the ovarian manipulation without any accompanying ovarian hormonal changes point to nonhormonal communication from the ovaries to the pituitary. A neuronal pathway from the ovaries communicating to the hypothalamic-pituitary system is the most reasonable explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Hendriks
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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24
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Association of obesity with hormonal imbalance in infertility: a cross-sectional study in north Indian women. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 28:342-7. [PMID: 24426235 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hormones play an important role in the development and regulation of reproductive function and the menstrual cycle of women. Extremes of body weight tend to affect the homeostasis of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 113 women (57 with primary infertility and 56 with secondary infertility) in the age group 20-35 years, presenting for hormonal evaluation of infertility in a tertiary care hospital. After preliminary clinical evaluation, anthropometric indices (height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and waist hip ratio) were measured in all subjects. Fasting blood sample drawn on second/third day of menstrual cycle was analysed for serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Serum FSH levels showed a significant positive correlation with indicators of central obesity (waist circumference and waist hip ratio in both the study groups). In primary infertility, significant positive correlation was also observed between serum FSH levels and other markers of obesity like body weight, hip circumference and BMI. In secondary infertility, serum prolactin and serum TSH levels demonstrated a significant positive correlation with body weight and BMI. Obesity is associated with hormonal derangements which are responsible for infertility. In overweight women with infertility, weight loss should be considered as a first line treatment.
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Engeland WC. Sensitization of endocrine organs to anterior pituitary hormones by the autonomic nervous system. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2013; 117:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53491-0.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Bouchlariotou S, Sofia B, Tsikouras P, Panagiotis T, Rösing B, Beniamin R, Neulen J, Josef N. Women with one ovary in assisted reproduction technologies: a review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286:1041-7. [PMID: 22829101 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of patients who have undergone assisted reproductive technology (ART) have only one ovary. PURPOSE This article reviews the clinical implications of the absence of an ovary on the reproductive potential and the outcome in ART cycle. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Pubmed, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the 1980s through April 2010. STUDY SELECTION Randomized, controlled trials; systematic reviews of trials; and observational studies; all restricted to English-language articles. DATA SYNTHESIS This review includes 58 articles. Women with a single ovary did not, in general, respond as well to ovulation induction treatment than women with two ovaries in ART cycles. It appears however, that once women with a single ovary achieve the stage of embryo transfer, they can be reassured that their chances of having a child are the same as women with two ovaries. Whether the right or left ovary responds better to superovulation is a question which remains unanswered in the literature. LIMITATIONS The authors could not address all management questions, and excluded non-English-language literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bouchlariotou
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Baghdadi LR, Abu Hashim H, Amer SAK, Palomba S, Falbo A, Al-Ojaimi E, Ott J, Zhu W, Fernandez H, Nasr A, Ramzy AM, Clark J, Doi SAR. Impact of obesity on reproductive outcomes after ovarian ablative therapy in PCOS: a collaborative meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:227-41. [PMID: 22809865 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to interfere with reproductive outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome. There is no consensus regarding the impact of obesity on reproductive outcomes after ovarian ablative therapy (OAT) and there is no level I evidence to answer this question. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the strength of the association between obesity and ovulation or pregnancy rates after OAT. MEDLINE and several other databases were searched from 2000 to September 2011 for studies reporting on OAT and reproductive outcomes. Data were synthesized to determine the relative risk of reproductive outcomes (ovulation and pregnancy) in lean (body mass index <25 kg/m(2)) compared with overweight or obese women. The study obtained 15 data sets (14 articles) for analysis, which included 905 subjects in the obese group and 879 subjects in the lean group. Lean women had increased ovulation rates (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.22-1.66) compared with obese women. Pregnancy rates also showed a similar trend (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.39-2.17). Reproductive outcomes were generally better in younger women, more recent studies and randomized controlled trials. It is concluded that lean women respond better to OAT than their obese counterparts. These epidemiological observations indicate that obesity alters reproductive outcomes after OAT negatively. Obesity is known to interfere with reproductive outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome. There is no consensus regarding the impact of obesity on ovarian ablative therapy (OAT) and there is no level I evidence to answer this question. We therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the strength of the association between obesity and ovulation or pregnancy rates after OAT. We searched MEDLINE and several other databases from 2000 to September 2011 for studies reporting on OAT and reproductive outcomes. Data were synthesized to determine the risk ratio of reproductive outcomes (ovulation and pregnancy) in lean (BMI <25 kg/m(2)) as opposed to overweight or obese women. We obtained 15 datasets (14 articles) for analysis, which included 905 subjects in the obese group and 879 subjects in the lean group. Lean women had increased ovulation rates (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.22-1.66) as compared to obese women. Pregnancy rates also showed a similar trend (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.39-2.17). Reproductive outcomes were generally better in younger women, more recent studies and randomized controlled trials. We conclude that lean women respond better to OAT than their obese counterparts. These epidemiological observations indicate that obesity alters reproductive outcomes after OAT negatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena R Baghdadi
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Fernandez H, Morin-Surruca M, Torre A, Faivre E, Deffieux X, Gervaise A. Ovarian drilling for surgical treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a comprehensive review. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22:556-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tang L, Xu L, Pan X, Zhang J, Wu T, Liu GJ. Ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian needle drilling for clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome in subfertile women. Hippokratia 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Tang
- West China Second University Hospital, West China Women's and Children's Hospital; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; No. 17, Section Three, Ren Min Nan Lu Avenue Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- West China Second University Hospital, West China Women's and Children's Hospital; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; No. 17, Section Three, Ren Min Nan Lu Avenue Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Xin Pan
- The University of Newcastle; Mother and baby center, School of Medicine and Public Health; Callaghan campus New Castle New South Wales China 2308
| | - Jing Zhang
- Lanzhou University; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; 199 Don Gang West Road Chengguan District Lanzhou City China 730000 Lanzhou City
| | - Taixiang Wu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chinese Cochrane Centre, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, INCLEN Resource and Training Centre; No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Guan J Liu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chinese Cochrane Centre, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre; No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
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Palomba S, Falbo A, Battista L, Russo T, Venturella R, Tolino A, Orio F, Zullo F. Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy vs clomiphene citrate plus metformin as second-line strategy for infertile anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202:577.e1-8. [PMID: 20096821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of laparoscopic ovarian diathermy (LOD) vs clomiphene citrate (CC) plus metformin in infertile patients with CC-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). STUDY DESIGN Fifty primary infertile patients with CC-resistant PCOS were assigned randomly to receive LOD followed by a 6-month observation (group A) or 6-cycle course of CC plus metformin (group B). Reproductive and safety outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS No significant difference between 2 groups in pregnancy (15/92 women [16.3%] vs 14/107 women [13.1%]; P = .521) and live-birth (13/92 women [14.1%] vs 12/107 women [11.2%]; P = .536) rates per cycle was observed. With the use of a Cox regression analysis, patients under medical treatment, compared with patients who received surgical treatment, had a relative risk of pregnancy of 1.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-2.44; P = .582) and a relative risk of live-birth of 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.63-2.96; P = .425). CONCLUSION LOD and CC plus metformin seem to be 2 effective approaches to treat infertility in patients with CC-resistant PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palomba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Hendriks ML, van der Valk P, Lambalk CB, Broeckaert MA, Homburg R, Hompes PG. Extensive tissue damage of bovine ovaries after bipolar ovarian drilling compared to monopolar electrocoagulation or carbon dioxide laser. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:969-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ott J, Wirth S, Nouri K, Kurz C, Mayerhofer K, Huber JC, Tempfer CB. Luteinizing hormone and androstendione are independent predictors of ovulation after laparoscopic ovarian drilling: a retrospective cohort study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:153. [PMID: 20042102 PMCID: PMC2806311 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to investigate luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and androstenedione as predicitve markers for ovulation after laparoscopic ovarian drilling. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 100 clompihen-resistant patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome who underwent laparoscopic ovarian drilling at our department. The main outcome measure was spontaneous postoperative ovulation within three months after laparoscopic ovarian drilling. In order to predict spontaneous ovulation, we tested the following parameters by use of a univariate followed by a multivariate regression model: Preoperative serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, and androstenedione as well as patients' age and body mass index. In addition, we focused on pregnancy and life birth rates. RESULTS Spontaneous ovulation was documented in 71/100 patients (71.0%). In a univariate and multivariate analysis, luteinizing hormone (OR 1.58, 95%CI: 1.30-1.92) and androstenedione (OR 3.03, 95%CI: 1.20-7.67), but not follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone were independent predictors of ovulation. Using a cut-off for luteinizing hormone and androstenedione of 12.1 IU/l and 3.26 ng/ml, respectively, spontaneous ovulation was observed in 63/70 (90.0%) and 36/42 patients (85.7%) with elevated and in 8/30 (26.7%) and 35/58 (60.3%) patients with low luteinizing hormone and androstenedione levels, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for luteinizing hormone and androstendione as predictors of spontaneous ovulation after ovarian drilling were 88.7% (95%CI: 79.0-95.0%), 75.9% (95%CI: 56.5-89.7%), 90.0% (95%CI: 80.5-95.8%), and 73.3% (95%CI: 54.1-87.7%) for luteinizing hormone, and 50.7% (95%CI: 38.6-62.8%), 79.3% (95%CI: 60.3-92.0%), 85.7% (95%CI: 71.5-94.6%), and 39.7% (95%CI: 27.0-53.4%) for androstenedione, respectively. Complete one-year follow-up was available for 74/100 patients (74%). We observed a one-year pregnancy rate and a resulting life-birth rate of 61% and 51%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Luteinizing hormone and androstenedione prior to laparoscopic ovarian drilling are independent predictors of spontaneous ovulation within three months of surgery. We suggest to preferentially performing laparoscopic ovarian drilling in patients with high luteinizing hormone and androstenedione levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ott
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Wirth
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kazem Nouri
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Kurz
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Mayerhofer
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes C Huber
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens B Tempfer
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mannerås L, Cajander S, Lönn M, Stener-Victorin E. Acupuncture and exercise restore adipose tissue expression of sympathetic markers and improve ovarian morphology in rats with dihydrotestosterone-induced PCOS. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 296:R1124-31. [PMID: 19158405 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90947.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which innervates adipose and ovarian tissue, may play a role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We hypothesize that electro-acupuncture (EA) and physical exercise reduce sympathetic activity by stimulating ergoreceptors and somatic afferent pathways in muscles. Here we investigated the effects of low-frequency EA and physical exercise on mRNA expression of sympathetic markers in adipose tissue and on ovarian morphology in female rats that received dihydrotestosterone (DHT) continuously, starting before puberty, to induce PCOS. At age 11 wk, rats with DHT-induced PCOS were randomly divided into three groups: PCOS, PCOS plus EA, and PCOS plus exercise. The latter two groups received 2-Hz EA (evoking muscle twitches) three times/week or had free access to a running wheel for 4-5 wk. In mesenteric adipose tissue, expression of beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA was higher in untreated PCOS rats than in controls. Low-frequency EA and exercise downregulated mRNA expression of NGF and NPY, and EA also downregulated expression of ADRB3, compared with untreated rats with DHT-induced PCOS. EA and exercise improved ovarian morphology, as reflected in a higher proportion of healthy antral follicles and a thinner theca interna cell layer than in untreated PCOS rats. These findings support the theory that increased sympathetic activity contributes to the development and maintenance of PCOS and that the effects of EA and exercise may be mediated by modulation of sympathetic outflow to the adipose tissue and ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mannerås
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Metwally M, Amer S, Li TC, Ledger WL. An RCT of metformin versus orlistat for the management of obese anovulatory women. Hum Reprod 2008; 24:966-75. [PMID: 19095663 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of obesity-related anovulation poses a significant clinical challenge. Occasionally, the use of antiobesity medications such as orlistat or insulin sensitizing agents such as metformin is sometimes indicated in these patients. This study aimed to compare the effects of metformin and orlistat for improving ovulation in obese anovulatory women. METHODS This was an open-label RCT. A total of 40 women were randomized to receive either metformin (n = 20) or orlistat (n = 20). BMI as well as the androgen profile and the ovulatory status were assessed at baseline and at four weekly intervals for 3 months. Different anthropometric and endocrine parameters were also assessed as possible predictors of ovulation. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two study arms regarding the ovulation rate for metformin and orlistat [40% (n = 8/20) and 25% (n = 5/20), respectively, P = 0.31]. Both arms showed a significant drop in the BMI, testosterone and androstendione concentrations (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the two arms. Patients who ovulated had significantly lower concentrations of baseline LH, androstendione, dehydroepiandrosterone and free androgen index (P < 0.05). Among these factors, a low baseline LH was found to be the only independent predictor of ovulation (area under curve, 0.85). CONCLUSIONS Both metformin and orlistat show a similar effect on weight loss, ovulation rates and androgen concentrations. However, the effects on ovulation rates need to be confirmed in larger studies. The presence of a low baseline serum LH was found to be the most important predictor of ovulation. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov. NCT00292799.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Metwally
- Sheffield University and Teaching Hospitals, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 4ED, UK.
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36
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Cocksedge KA, Li TC, Saravelos SH, Metwally M. A reappraisal of the role of polycystic ovary syndrome in recurrent miscarriage. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17:151-60. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Hendriks ML, Brouwer J, Hompes PGA, Homburg R, Lambalk CB. LH as a diagnostic criterion for polycystic ovary syndrome in patients with WHO II oligo/amenorrhoea. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 16:765-71. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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