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Travaglione A, Candela A, De Gregorio V, Genovese V, Cimmino M, Barbato V, Talevi R, Gualtieri R. Individually Cultured Bovine Zygotes Successfully Develop to the Blastocyst Stage in an Extremely Confined Environment. Cells 2024; 13:868. [PMID: 38786090 PMCID: PMC11119105 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The possibility of detecting the developmental competence of individually cultured embryos through analysis of spent media is a major current trend in an ART setting. However, individual embryo culture is detrimental compared with high-density group culture due to the reduced concentration of putative embryotropins. The main aim of this study was to identify an individual culture system that is not detrimental over high-density group culture in the bovine model. Blastocyst rates and competence were investigated in a conventional (GC) group, semi-confined group (MG), and individual culture (MS) in a commercial microwell device. Main findings showed that: (1) individual embryos can be continuously cultured for 7 days in ~70 nL microwells (MS) without detrimental effects compared with the GC and MG; (2) MS and MG blastocysts had a reduced number of TUNEL-positive cells compared to GC blastocysts; (3) though blastocyst mean cell numbers, mitochondrial activity, and lipid content were not different among the three culture conditions, MS blastocysts had a higher frequency of small-sized lipid droplets and a reduced mean droplet diameter compared with GC and MG blastocysts. Overall, findings open the way to optimize the development and competence of single embryos in an ART setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Gualtieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.T.); (A.C.); (V.D.G.); (V.G.); (M.C.); (V.B.); (R.T.)
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2
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Yang J, Dong X, Wen H, Li Y, Wang X, Yan S, Zuo C, Lyu L, Zhang K, Qi X. FGFs function in regulating myoblasts differentiation in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 347:114426. [PMID: 38103843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of structurally related peptides that regulate processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and damage repair. In our previous study, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (fgfr4) was detected in the most significant quantitative trait loci (QTL), when identified of QTLs and genetic markers for growth-related traits in spotted sea bass. However, knowledge of the function of fgfr4 is lacking, even the legends to activate the receptor is unknown in fish. To remedy this problem, in the present study, a total of 33 fgfs were identified from the genomic and transcriptomic databases of spotted sea bass, of which 10 were expressed in the myoblasts. According to the expression pattern during myoblasts proliferation and differentiation, fgf6a, fgf6b and fgf18 were selected for further prokaryotic expression and purification. The recombinant proteins FGF6a, FGF6b and FGF18 were found to inhibit myoblast differentiation. Overall, our results provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanisms of growth regulation in economic fish such as spotted sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Ximeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Shaojing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Chenpeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003.
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3
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Azari-Dolatabad N, Benedetti C, Velez DA, Montoro AF, Sadeghi H, Residiwati G, Leroy JLMR, Van Soom A, Pascottini OB. Oocyte developmental capacity is influenced by intrinsic ovarian factors in a bovine model for individual embryo production. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 249:107185. [PMID: 36610102 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ovary and its hormones may have major effects on the in vitro developmental capacity of the oocytes it contains. We related intrinsic ovarian factors namely the presence of corpus luteum (CL) and/or dominant follicle (>8 mm) and the follicular count to cumulus expansion (CE), embryo development, and blastocyst quality in a bovine model. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were aspirated from follicles between 4 and 8 mm in diameter. In vitro embryo production was performed in a fully individual production system. The follicular fluid from which COCs were collected was pooled (per ovary) to evaluate the estrogen, progesterone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. Cumulus oocyte complexes collected from ovaries without a CL presented a greater CE than COCs derived from ovaries bearing CL. The absence of ovarian structures increased the blastocyst rate when compared to oocytes derived from ovaries with a CL, a dominant follicle, or both. Blastocysts derived from ovaries without a dominant follicle presented higher total cell numbers and a lower proportion of apoptosis than blastocysts derived from ovaries containing a dominant follicle. Cumulus oocyte complexes collected from ovaries with high follicular count resulted in higher cleavage than from ovaries with low follicular count, but the blastocyst rate was similar between groups. Ovaries bearing a CL had greater progesterone and IGF-1 follicular fluid concentrations in neighboring follicles than ovaries without a CL. Selection for bovine ovaries without CL or dominant follicle can have positive effects on CE, embryo development, and blastocyst quality in an individual embryo production system set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Azari-Dolatabad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Camilla Benedetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daniel Angel Velez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Research Group in Animal Sciences - INCA-CES, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Andrea Fernandez Montoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hafez Sadeghi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gretania Residiwati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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4
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Madani S, Machaty Z, Vajta G. An Alternative Way to Improve Mammalian Embryo Development In Vitro: Culture of Zona Pellucida-Free Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:111-117. [PMID: 35506897 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of data proves that the presence of the zona pellucida is not essential to mammalian embryo production, including maturation, fertilization, and embryo culture. In fact, the structure of the zona pellucida of in vitro-produced embryos differs significantly from its in vivo counterpart, influencing metabolism and requiring disproportionate efforts to crack open at the time of hatching. This review aims to focus attention on this field and stimulate research in zona-free embryo culture. In domestic animals, extensive application of purpose-designed culture systems for zona-free embryos proved the feasibility of this approach. It may open new possibilities and increase efficiency in both transgenic research and human-assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Madani
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Houari Boumedien, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Gábor Vajta
- RVT Australia, Cairns, Australia.,VitaVitro Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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5
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Fancsovits P, Pribenszky C, Lehner A, Murber A, Kaszas Z, Nemes A, Urbancsek J. Prospective-randomized study comparing clinical outcomes of IVF treatments where embryos were cultured individually or in a microwell group culture dish. Biol Futur 2022; 73:229-236. [PMID: 35278201 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Culturing embryos together in a microdrop of media may improve embryo quality, based on the results of animal studies, however individual identification of the embryos in such a system is not possible. The microwell group culture dish contains 9 or 16 microwells with a minimal well-to-well distance and a specific well morphology that facilitates paracrine and autocrine effects. The microwell group culture dish enables individual identification of the embryos while providing the environment that comes with similar benefits as group culture. Our aim was to investigate whether embryo culture in the microwell group culture dish (Primo Vision Dish, Vitrolife) improves IVF outcomes compared to individual culture in human IVF treatment. Five hundred thirty-two IVF-ET cycles were enrolled in this prospective randomized study in a university hospital. IVF cycles were randomized into microwell group culture and individual culture groups. Primary outcome measure was clinical pregnancy rate and secondary outcome measures were embryo quality, fertilization, implantation, delivery and embryo utilization rates. Fertilization rate in ICSI cycles was significantly higher in the microwell group culture group (70.6% vs. 64.9%, P = 0.001). Clinical pregnancy rate was 50.8% in the group culture and 40.6% in the individual culture (P = 0.022). Live birth rate was 41.5% in microwell and 32.9% in individual culture (P = 0.0496). Embryo utilization rate was higher in microwell group culture than in individual culture (80.6% vs. 75.0%; P < 0.001). Microwell group culture has a beneficial effect on IVF outcome and it also allows following up individual embryo development.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01774006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fancsovits
- Division of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Baross u. 27, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Pribenszky
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herdhealth and Veterinary Ethology, University of Veterinary Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Lehner
- Division of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Baross u. 27, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Akos Murber
- Division of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Baross u. 27, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Zita Kaszas
- Division of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Baross u. 27, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Annamaria Nemes
- Division of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Baross u. 27, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Janos Urbancsek
- Division of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Baross u. 27, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
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6
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Tesfaye D, Menjivar N, Gebremedhn S. Current knowledge and the future potential of extracellular vesicles in mammalian reproduction. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:174-189. [PMID: 35231266 DOI: 10.1071/rd21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain various functional classes of vesicles, namely exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, represent the major nano-shuttle to transfer bioactive molecules from donor to recipient cells to facilitate cell-to-cell communication in the follicular, oviduct, and uterine microenvironments. In addition to transferring various molecular cargos in the form of miRNAs, mRNAs, proteins, lipids, and DNA molecules, the relative proportion of those molecular cargos in the reproductive fluids can be associated with the physiological and pathological condition of the host animal. Inside the follicle, EV-mediated circulation of miRNAs has been reported to be associated with the growth status of the enclosed oocytes, the metabolic status, and the advanced maternal aging of the animal. Importantly, EVs have the potential to protect their cargo molecules from extracellular degradation or modification while travelling to the recipient cells. This fact together with the enormous availability in almost all biological fluids and spent culture media make them attractive in the search for biomarkers of oocyte/embryo developmental competence, receptive maternal environment and a multitude of reproductive pathophysiological conditions. One of the key factors that have contributed to the lower efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is the absence of several maternal in vivo factors in the ART procedures. For this, several studies have been conducted to supplement various components present in the follicular and oviductal fluids into the existing ART procedures and significant positive impacts have been observed in terms of embryo cleavage rate, blastocyst rate, resistance to stress, and survival after cryopreservation. The potential of EVs in shuttling protective messages against environmental and physiological stressors has been evidenced. The effective use of the EV-coupled molecular signals against stress-associated conditions has the potential to pave the path for the application of these protective signals against oxidative stress-associated pathological conditions including PCOS, ageing, and endometritis. In this review, we provide current knowledge and potential future use of EVs as remedies in reproductive pathophysiological conditions, mainly in follicular and oviductal microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3051 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Nico Menjivar
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3051 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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7
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El Fakih R, Alshammasi S, Alobaidi N, Alseraihy A, Kotb A, Shaheen M, Alfraih F, Aljurf M. Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Donation from Healthy Female Donors During Pregnancy: A Report of 10 Cases. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 28:117.e1-117.e6. [PMID: 34813943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The golden rule when collecting hematopoietic progenitors (HPs) from healthy volunteers is "donor safety." Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication for HP collection from unrelated donors; however, collection from a related pregnant donor is sometimes considered based on the urgency of the indication for transplantation and the available alternatives. Data on the safety and efficacy of this practice are limited. We conducted a retrospective chart review of an institution's transplantation database to characterize the safety and efficacy of HP donation from pregnant donors. Ten cases of HP donation from pregnant donors were identified, including 6 bone marrow grafts and 4 peripheral blood stem cell grafts. The median age of donors was 27.5 years. The median volume of the collected product was 521 mL (range, 128 to 1160 mL), the median number of total nucleated cells (TNCs) in the graft was 252 × 108 (range, 30.5 to 794 × 108), the median TNC concentration in the graft was 37 × 106 per mL (range, 4.7 to 214.6 × 106 per mL). The median number of CD34 cells in the graft was 142 × 106 (range, 6 to 763 × 106), and the median CD34 concentration in the graft was 20 × 104 per mL (range, 2 to 206 × 104 per mL). There were no safety issues or signals related to the procedure. HP collection from pregnant donors is relatively safe. This case series provides valuable information for practicing transplant physicians on how to counsel pregnant donors when this scenario is encountered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riad El Fakih
- Oncology Center, Stem Cell Transplant & Cellular Therapy Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samar Alshammasi
- Oncology Center, Stem Cell Transplant & Cellular Therapy Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Alobaidi
- Oncology Center, Stem Cell Transplant & Cellular Therapy Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alseraihy
- Oncology Center, Stem Cell Transplant & Cellular Therapy Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kotb
- Oncology Center, Stem Cell Transplant & Cellular Therapy Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Hematology Section, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwan Shaheen
- Oncology Center, Stem Cell Transplant & Cellular Therapy Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alfraih
- Oncology Center, Stem Cell Transplant & Cellular Therapy Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- Oncology Center, Stem Cell Transplant & Cellular Therapy Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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8
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Vajta G, Parmegiani L, Machaty Z, Chen WB, Yakovenko S. Back to the future: optimised microwell culture of individual human preimplantation stage embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2563-2574. [PMID: 33864207 PMCID: PMC8581087 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although in vitro culture of human embryos is a crucial step in assisted reproduction, the lack of focused research hampers worldwide standardisation and consistent outcomes. Only 1.2% of research papers published in five leading journals in human reproduction in 2019 focused on in vitro culture conditions, creating the impression that the optimisation process has approached its limits. On the other hand, in vitro culture of mammalian embryos is based on old principles, while there is no consensus on basic issues as density, time, medium change, gas atmosphere and small technical details including the way of drop preparation. This opinion paper aims to highlight and analyse the slow advancement in this field and stimulate research for simple and affordable solutions to meet the current requirements. A possible way for advancement is discussed in detail. Selection of embryos with the highest developmental competence requires individual culture and modification of the widely used "drop under oil" approach. Current use of three-dimensional surfaces instead of large flat bottoms is restricted to time-lapse systems, but these wells are designed for optical clarity, not for the needs of embryos. The size and shape of the original microwells (Well of the Well; WOW) offer a practical and straightforward solution to combine the benefits of communal and individual incubation and improve the overall quality of cultured embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Vajta
- RVT Australia, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
- VitaVitro Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | | | - Sergey Yakovenko
- Altravita IVF Clinic, Moscow, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Vining LM, Zak LJ, Harvey SC, Harvey KE. The role of apoptosis in cryopreserved animal oocytes and embryos. Theriogenology 2021; 173:93-101. [PMID: 34365139 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of both gametes and embryos, both for storage and for the preservation of their developmental capacity is a critical aspect of assisted reproductive technology. The survival of reproductive material following cryopreservation protocols is not only vital to clinical applications in the human in vitro fertilisation clinic, but is also important in the in vitro production of livestock embryos. The ability to routinely cryopreserve oocytes and embryos of livestock species has the potential to improve animal welfare, reduce environmental impact, and reduce the associated costs for breeding companies through the reduction of live animal transportation. Unfortunately, frozen oocytes and embryos are regularly documented to contain a higher proportion of apoptotic cells compared to their non-frozen counterparts, with freezing procedures thought to trigger apoptotic pathways of cell death. Comparisons between frozen and non-frozen samples also show changes in the gene expression of apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 and Bax in response to cryopreservation. Apoptotic inhibition has the potential to improve cryosurvival, and how to achieve this is subject to debate. Here, we review how exposure to low temperatures during cryopreservation may be responsible for the abnormal activation of apoptotic pathways in mammalian oocytes and embryos, and discuss the ways in which they can be influenced to improve cryopreservation protocols, particularly in agriculturally important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy May Vining
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK
| | | | - Simon Crawford Harvey
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Katie Evelyn Harvey
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK.
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10
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Vajta G, Parmegiani L, Machaty Z, Chen WB, Yakovenko S. Back to the future: optimised microwell culture of individual human preimplantation stage embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021. [PMID: 33864207 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02167-4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in vitro culture of human embryos is a crucial step in assisted reproduction, the lack of focused research hampers worldwide standardisation and consistent outcomes. Only 1.2% of research papers published in five leading journals in human reproduction in 2019 focused on in vitro culture conditions, creating the impression that the optimisation process has approached its limits. On the other hand, in vitro culture of mammalian embryos is based on old principles, while there is no consensus on basic issues as density, time, medium change, gas atmosphere and small technical details including the way of drop preparation. This opinion paper aims to highlight and analyse the slow advancement in this field and stimulate research for simple and affordable solutions to meet the current requirements. A possible way for advancement is discussed in detail. Selection of embryos with the highest developmental competence requires individual culture and modification of the widely used "drop under oil" approach. Current use of three-dimensional surfaces instead of large flat bottoms is restricted to time-lapse systems, but these wells are designed for optical clarity, not for the needs of embryos. The size and shape of the original microwells (Well of the Well; WOW) offer a practical and straightforward solution to combine the benefits of communal and individual incubation and improve the overall quality of cultured embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Vajta
- RVT Australia, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia. .,VitaVitro Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China.
| | | | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Sergey Yakovenko
- Altravita IVF Clinic, Moscow, Russia.,Biophysics Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Azari-Dolatabad N, Raes A, Pavani KC, Asaadi A, Angel-Velez D, Van Damme P, Leroy JLMR, Van Soom A, Pascottini OB. Follicular fluid during individual oocyte maturation enhances cumulus expansion and improves embryo development and quality in a dose-specific manner. Theriogenology 2021; 166:38-45. [PMID: 33684781 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of supplementation of different concentrations of bovine follicular fluid (FF) during in vitro maturation (IVM) on oocyte development and blastocyst quality in group and individual culture conditions. To do so, in vitro maturation medium (TCM-199 with 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor and 50 μg/mL gentamycin) was supplemented with 0 (control), 1, 5, or 10% of FF. Follicular fluid was collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, selecting follicles between 12 and 20 mm in diameter. Oocytes were either produced in groups or individually matured, fertilized, and cultured to the blastocyst stage, allowing for separate follow-up of each oocyte. Development (cleavage and blastocyst rates) among experimental groups were fitted in mixed-effects models, and blastocyst quality parameters (assessed via differential apoptotic staining) were evaluated in mixed linear regression models. We also assessed the cumulus expansion (prior and after maturation) for individual culture conditions, and their difference was fitted in mixed linear regression models. The FF was collected from two batches, with an estradiol/progesterone ratio higher than 1. The FF batch did not affect the development or blastocyst quality in group or individual culture conditions (P > 0.05). In group culture, development was similar among experimental groups (P > 0.05). Five or 10% of FF supplementation improved (P ˂ 0.05) aspects of blastocyst quality such as total cell numbers (TCN), trophectoderm (TE), inner cell mass (ICM), and ICM/TCN and apoptotic cells/TCN ratio in comparison to control. In the individual culture system, 5% FF supplementation increased (P ˂ 0.05) day 8 blastocyst rate (33 ± 3.4% (LSM ± SE)) in comparison to control (20 ± 2.7%) and 1% FF supplementation (19 ± 2.6%) but it was not different (P > 0.05) from 10% FF supplementation (28 ± 3.4%). Five percent of FF supplementation resulted in greater TCN, ICM, and ICM/TCN than control (P ˂ 0.05). It also resulted in a greater expansion of cumulus cell investment than the other groups (P ˂ 0.05), with a 3-fold increase compared to control. In conclusion, 5% of FF supplementation during IVM improved the cumulus expansion and the blastocyst development and quality in an individual culture system. However, FF supplementation during maturation in a group culture system did not increase development, but it modestly improved some embryo quality aspects when 5 or 10% of FF was added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Azari-Dolatabad
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Raes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Pavani
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Anise Asaadi
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Daniel Angel-Velez
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Research Group in Animal Sciences - INCA-CES, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Petra Van Damme
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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12
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Kharazi U, Badalzadeh R. A review on the stem cell therapy and an introduction to exosomes as a new tool in reproductive medicine. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:447-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Gurner KH, Truong TT, Harvey AJ, Gardner DK. A combination of growth factors and cytokines alter preimplantation mouse embryo development, foetal development and gene expression profiles. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:953-970. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Within the maternal tract, the preimplantation embryo is exposed to an array of growth factors (GFs) and cytokines, most of which are absent from culture media used in clinical IVF. Whilst the addition of individual GFs and cytokines to embryo culture media can improve preimplantation mouse embryo development, there is a lack of evidence on the combined synergistic effects of GFs and cytokines on embryo development and further foetal growth. Therefore, in this study, the effect of a combined group of GFs and cytokines on mouse preimplantation embryo development and subsequent foetal development and gene expression profiles was investigated. Supplementation of embryo culture media with an optimised combination of GFs and cytokines (0.05 ng/ml vascular endothelial GF, 1 ng/ml platelet-derived GF, 0.13 ng/ml insulin-like GF 1, 0.026 ng/ml insulin-like GF 2 and 1 ng/ml granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) had no effect on embryo morphokinetics but significantly increased trophectoderm cell number (P = 0.0002) and total cell number (P = 0.024). Treatment with this combination of GFs and cytokines also significantly increased blastocyst outgrowth area (P < 0.05) and, following embryo transfer, increased foetal weight (P = 0.027), crown-rump length (P = 0.017) and overall morphological development (P = 0.027). RNA-seq analysis of in vitro derived foetuses identified concurrent alterations to the transcriptional profiles of liver and placental tissues compared with those developed in vivo, with greater changes observed in the GF and cytokine treated group. Together these data highlight the importance of balancing the actions of such factors for the regulation of normal development and emphasise the need for further studies investigating this prior to clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Gurner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Thi T Truong
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Harvey
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David K Gardner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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14
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Parrilla I, Martinez EA, Gil MA, Cuello C, Roca J, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Martinez CA. Boar seminal plasma: current insights on its potential role for assisted reproductive technologies in swine. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20200022. [PMID: 33029213 PMCID: PMC7534575 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma (SP) supports not only sperm function but also the ability of spermatozoa to withstand biotechnological procedures as artificial insemination, freezing or sex sorting. Moreover, evidence has been provided that SP contains identifiable molecules which can act as fertility biomarkers, and even improve the output of assisted reproductive technologies by acting as modulators of endometrial and embryonic changes of gene expression, thus affecting embryo development and fertility beyond the sperm horizon. In this overview, we discuss current knowledge of the composition of SP, mainly proteins and cytokines, and their influence on semen basic procedures, such as liquid storage or cryopreservation. The role of SP as modulator of endometrial and embryonic molecular changes that lead to successful pregnancy will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Parrilla
- Departmento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de de Excelencia International "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio Arsenio Martinez
- Departmento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de de Excelencia International "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Gil
- Departmento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de de Excelencia International "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Cuello
- Departmento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de de Excelencia International "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Departmento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de de Excelencia International "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cristina Alicia Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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15
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Wilson Y, Morris ID, Kimber SJ, Brison DR. The role of Trp53 in the mouse embryonic response to DNA damage. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:397-407. [PMID: 31227838 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis occurs primarily in the blastocyst inner cell mass, cells of which go on to form the foetus. Apoptosis is likely to play a role in ensuring the genetic integrity of the foetus, yet little is known about its regulation. In this study, the role of the mouse gene, transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53) in the response of embryos to in vitro culture and environmentally induced DNA damage was investigated using embryos from a Trp53 knockout mouse model. In vivo-derived blastocysts were compared to control embryos X-irradiated at the two-cell stage and cultured to Day 5. An analysis of DNA by comet assay demonstrated that 1.5 Gy X-irradiation directly induced damage in cultured two-cell mouse embryos; this was correlated with retarded development to blastocyst stage and increased apoptosis at the blastocyst stage but not prior to this. Trp53 null embryos developed to blastocysts at a higher frequency and with higher cell numbers than wild-type embryos. Trp53 also mediates apoptosis in conditions of low levels of DNA damage, in vivo or in vitro in the absence of irradiation. However, following DNA damage induced by X-irradiation, apoptosis is induced by Trp53 independent as well as dependent mechanisms. These data suggest that Trp53 and apoptosis play important roles in normal mouse embryonic development both in vitro and in vivo and in response to DNA damage. Therefore, clinical ART practices that alter apoptosis in human embryos and/or select embryos for transfer, which potentially lack a functional Trp53 gene, need to be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Wilson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Ian D Morris
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel R Brison
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.,Maternal and Fetal Health Research, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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16
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Apter S, Ebner T, Freour T, Guns Y, Kovacic B, Le Clef N, Marques M, Meseguer M, Montjean D, Sfontouris I, Sturmey R, Coticchio G. Good practice recommendations for the use of time-lapse technology †. Hum Reprod Open 2020; 2020:hoaa008. [PMID: 32206731 PMCID: PMC7081060 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Ebner
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Gynecological Endocrinology, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Freour
- Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yves Guns
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Borut Kovacic
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Univerzitetni klinicni center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nathalie Le Clef
- European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, Grimbergen, Belgium
| | | | - Marcos Meseguer
- IVF Laboratory, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Valencia, Spain
| | - Debbie Montjean
- Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hopital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | | | - Roger Sturmey
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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17
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Martinez CA, Cambra JM, Parrilla I, Roca J, Ferreira-Dias G, Pallares FJ, Lucas X, Vazquez JM, Martinez EA, Gil MA, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Cuello C, Álvarez-Rodriguez M. Seminal Plasma Modifies the Transcriptional Pattern of the Endometrium and Advances Embryo Development in Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:465. [PMID: 31921921 PMCID: PMC6930161 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Seminal plasma (SP) promotes sperm survival and fertilizing capacity, and potentially affects embryo development, presumably via specific signaling pathways to the internal female genital tract. Objectives: This study evaluated how heterologous SP, infused immediately before postcervical artificial insemination (AI) affected embryo development and the transcriptional pattern of the pig endometria containing embryos. Materials and Methods: Postweaning estrus sows (n = 34) received 40-mL intrauterine infusions of either heterologous pooled SP or Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS; control) 30 min before AI of semen extended to 10% of homologous SP. Embryos (all sows) and endometrium samples (3 sows/group) were removed during laparotomy 6 days after the infusion of SP or BTS to morphologically evaluate the embryos to determine their developmental stage and to analyze the endometrial transcriptome using microarrays (PORGENE 1.0 ST GeneChip array, Affymetrix) followed by qPCR for further validation. Results: Embryo viability was equal between the groups (~93%), but embryo development was significantly (P < 0.05) more advanced in the SP-treated group compared to control. A total of 1,604 endometrium transcripts were differentially expressed in the SP group compared to the control group. An enrichment analysis showed an overrepresentation of genes and pathways associated with the immune response, cytokine signaling, cell cycle, cell adhesion, and hormone response, among others. Conclusions: SP infusions prior to AI positively impacted the preimplantation embryo development and altered the expression of the endometrial genes and pathways potentially involved in embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A Martinez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Josep M Cambra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Graça Ferreira-Dias
- Department of Morphology and Function, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco J Pallares
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Xiomara Lucas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M Vazquez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A Martinez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria A Gil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Cuello
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain
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18
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Andrade GM, Bomfim MM, Del Collado M, Meirelles FV, Perecin F, da Silveira JC. Oxygen tension modulates extracellular vesicles and its miRNA contents in bovine embryo culture medium. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1067-1080. [PMID: 31192511 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The biotechnology for in vitro embryo production is becoming increasingly popular, being applied to humans and domestic animals. Embryo development can be achieved with either 20% or 5% oxygen tension. The extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by different cell types and carry bioactive materials. Our objective was to determine the secretion pattern and micro RNA (miRNA) contents of EVs released in the bovine embryo culture environment-embryo and cumulus cell monolayer-on Days 3 and 7 of in vitro culture under two different oxygen tensions: High (20%) and low (5%). The EVs were isolated from the medium and analyzed to determine size, concentration, and miRNA levels. EVs concentration in low oxygen tension increased on Day 3 and decreased on Day 7. Additionally, altered EV miRNAs derived from the embryo-cumulus culture medium were predicted to regulate survival and proliferation-related pathways on Days 3 and 7. Moreover, miR-210 levels decreased in EVs isolated from the culture medium under high oxygen tension suggesting that this miRNA can be used as a marker for normoxia since it is associated with low oxygen tension. In summary, this study provides knowledge of the oxygen tension effects on EVs release and content, and potentially, on cell-to-cell communication during in vitro bovine embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Mamede Andrade
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Medrado Bomfim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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19
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Abstract
The first 20 years of somatic cell nuclear transfer can hardly be described as a success story. Controversially, many factors leading to the fiasco are not intrinsic features of the technique itself. Misunderstandings and baseless accusations alongside with unsupported fears and administrative barriers hampered cloners to overcome the initial challenging period with obvious difficulties that are common features of a radically new approach. In spite of some promising results of mostly sporadic and small-scale experiments, the future of cloning is still uncertain. On the other hand, a reincarnation, just like the idea of electric cars, may result in many benefits in various areas of science and economy. One can only hope that-in contrast to electric cars-the ongoing paralyzed phase will not last for 100 years, and breakthroughs achieved in some promising areas will provide enough evidence to intensify research and large-scale application of cloning in the next decade.
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20
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Embryotoxic cytokines—Potential roles in embryo loss and fetal programming. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 125:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Exogenous growth factors do not affect the development of individually cultured murine embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 35:523-531. [PMID: 29270871 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of multiple growth factors on the development of individually cultured murine embryos. METHODS Embryos produced by in vitro fertilization using in vitro (IVM) or in vivo (IVO) matured oocytes from three strains of mice (CF1, Swiss Webster, B6D2F1) were cultured individually (10 μl) in the absence (control) or presence of growth factors (paf, epidermal growth factor [EGF], insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1], and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]). Blastocyst formation, hatching, and blastocyst cell numbers (trophectoderm, inner cell mass, and total) were evaluated on days 4 and 5 of culture. Post-hatching development of CF1 IVO embryos was also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The presence of growth factors did not improve the proportion of embryos forming blastocysts or initiating hatching for any of the types of embryos tested. The only significant (P < 0.05) effect of growth factors was a decrease in the proportion of embryos that formed blastocysts by day 5 in CF1 IVM embryos. The presence of growth factors also did not affect blastocyst cell numbers. For CF1 IVO embryos, the presence of growth factors during culture did not affect the proportion of embryos that attached to fibronectin-coated dishes, the size of the resulting outgrowths, or in vivo development following transfer. CONCLUSION Combinations of paf, EGF, GM-CSF, and IGF-1 did not improve development of murine embryos cultured individually in a sequential medium containing a defined protein source.
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22
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Pavani KC, Alminana C, Wydooghe E, Catteeuw M, Ramírez MA, Mermillod P, Rizos D, Van Soom A. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in communication of preimplantation embryos in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:66-83. [PMID: 28278795 DOI: 10.1071/rd16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro, efficient communication between mammalian embryos in groups or between embryos and cocultured somatic cells implies that there is a sender, a message and a receiver that is able to decode the message. Embryos secrete a variety of autocrine and paracrine factors and, of these, extracellular vesicles have recently been implicated as putative messengers in embryo-embryo communication, as well as in communication of the embryo with the maternal tract. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles that are found in biofluids and in culture media conditioned by the presence of embryos or cells. EVs carry and transfer regulatory molecules, such as microRNAs, mRNAs, lipids and proteins. We conducted a systematic search of the literature to review and present the currently available evidence regarding the possible roles of EVs in in vitro embryo communication and embryo development. It is important to note that there is limited information available on the molecular mechanisms and many of the biologically plausible functions of EVs in embryo communication have not yet been substantiated by conclusive experimental evidence. However, indirect evidence, such as the use of media conditioned by embryos or by somatic cells with improved embryo development as a result, may indicate that EVs can be an important asset for the development of tailor-made media, allowing better embryo development in vitro, even for single embryo culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna C Pavani
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Carmen Alminana
- INRA, Reproductive Physiology and Behavior, UMR085, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Eline Wydooghe
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maaike Catteeuw
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Miguel A Ramírez
- Departamento de Reproduccion Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Pascal Mermillod
- INRA, Reproductive Physiology and Behavior, UMR085, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Dimitrios Rizos
- Departamento de Reproduccion Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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23
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Ganeshan L, Jin XL, O'Neill C. The induction of tumour suppressor protein P53 limits the entry of cells into the pluripotent inner cell mass lineage in the mouse embryo. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:227-233. [PMID: 28663058 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The early preimplantation embryo is susceptible to a range of exogenous stresses which result in their reduced long-term developmental potential. The P53 tumour suppressor protein is normally held at low levels in the preimplantation embryo and we show that culture stress induces the expression of a range of canonical P53-response genes (Mdm2, Bax and Cdkn1a). Culture stress caused a P53-dependent loss of cells from resulting blastocysts, and this was most evident within the inner cell mass population. Culture stress increased the proportion of cells expressing active caspase-3 and undergoing apoptosis, while inhibition of caspase-3 increased the number of cells within the inner cell mass. The P53-dependent loss of cells from the inner cell mass was accompanied by a loss of NANOG-positive epiblast progenitors. Pharmacological activation of P53 by the MDM2 inhibitor, Nutlin-3, also caused increased P53-dependent transcription and the loss of cells from the inner cell mass. This loss of cells could be ameliorated by simultaneous treatment with the P53 inhibitor, Pifithrin-α. Culture stress causes reduced signalling via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signalling pathway, and blocking this pathway caused P53-dependent loss of cells from the inner cell mass. These results point to P53 acting to limit the accumulation and survival of cells within the pluripotent lineage of the blastocyst and provide a molecular framework for the further investigation of the factors determining the effects of stressors on the embryo's developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ganeshan
- Human Reproduction Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - X L Jin
- Human Reproduction Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - C O'Neill
- Human Reproduction Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
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24
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Catteeuw M, Wydooghe E, Mullaart E, Knijn HM, Van Soom A. In vitro production of bovine embryos derived from individual donors in the Corral ® dish. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:41. [PMID: 28619101 PMCID: PMC5472863 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the identity of the embryo is of outmost importance during commercial in vitro embryo production, bovine oocytes and embryos have to be cultured strictly per donor. Due to the rather low yield of oocytes collected after ovum pick-up (OPU) per individual cow, oocyte maturation and embryo culture take place in small groups, which is often associated with inferior embryo development. The objective of this study was to improve embryonic development in small donor groups by using the Corral® dish. This commercial dish is designed for human embryo production. It contains two central wells that are divided into quadrants by a semi-permeable wall. In human embryo culture, one embryo is placed per quadrant, allowing individual follow-up while embryos are exposed to a common medium. In our study, small groups of oocytes and subsequently embryos of different bovine donors were placed in the Corral® dish, each donor group in a separate quadrant. Results In two experiments, the Corral® dish was evaluated during in vitro maturation (IVM) and/or in vitro culture (IVC) by grouping oocytes and embryos of individual bovine donors per quadrant. At day 7, a significantly higher blastocyst rate was noted in the Corral® dish used during IVM and IVC than when only used during IVM (12.9% ± 2.10 versus 22.8% ± 2.67) (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences in blastocyst yield were observed anymore between treatment groups at day 8 post insemination. Conclusions In the present study, the Corral® dish was used for in vitro embryo production (IVP) in cattle; allowing to allocate oocytes and/or embryos per donor. As fresh embryo transfers on day 7 have higher pregnancy outcomes, the Corral® dish offers an added value for commercial OPU/IVP, since a higher blastocyst development at day 7 is obtained when the Corral® dish is used during IVM and IVC.
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Bourdon M, Santulli P, Gayet V, Maignien C, Marcellin L, Pocate-Cheriet K, Chapron C. Assisted reproduction technique outcomes for fresh versus deferred cryopreserved day-2 embryo transfer: a retrospective matched cohort study. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 34:248-257. [PMID: 28065417 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian stimulation could adversely affect endometrial receptivity and consequently embryo implantation. One emerging strategy is the 'freeze-all' approach. Most studies have focused on blastocyst transfers, with limited research on day-2 deferred cryopreserved embryo transfers. In this large retrospective cohort study, outcomes were compared between day-2 fresh versus deferred cryopreserved embryo transfers. After matching by age and number of previous cycles, 325 cycles were included in the fresh group and 325 in the deferred cryopreserved embryo transfers group: no significant differences were found between groups in implantation (0.20 ± 0.33 versus 0.17 ± 0.31, respectively) and ongoing pregnancy rates (21.85% versus 18.46%). Independent predictors for ongoing pregnancy after a multiple logistic regression analysis were the women's age (OR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97), body mass index (OR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.99), the number of two pronuclei embryos (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.40) and at least one grade 1 embryo transferred (OR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.26 to 3.05). In the case of a day-2 embryo transfer, outcomes after treatment with assisted reproduction techniques are similar for fresh versus deferred cryopreserved embryo transfers when pre-transfer progesterone exposures are similar in the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bourdon
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Batiment Port Royal 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Pietro Santulli
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Batiment Port Royal 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75679 Paris, France; Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Laboratoire d'immunologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Vanessa Gayet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Batiment Port Royal 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Chloé Maignien
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Batiment Port Royal 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Louis Marcellin
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Batiment Port Royal 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75679 Paris, France; Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Laboratoire d'immunologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Département de 'Génetique, Développement et Cancer', Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Khaled Pocate-Cheriet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP- HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Batiment Port Royal 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Charles Chapron
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Batiment Port Royal 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75679 Paris, France; Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Département de 'Génetique, Développement et Cancer', Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Sunde A, Brison D, Dumoulin J, Harper J, Lundin K, Magli MC, Van den Abbeel E, Veiga A. Time to take human embryo culture seriously. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:2174-82. [PMID: 27554442 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is it important that end-users know the composition of human embryo culture media? SUMMARY ANSWER We argue that there is as strong case for full transparency concerning the composition of embryo culture media intended for human use. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Published data suggest that the composition of embryo culture media may influence the phenotype of the offspring. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A review of the literature was carried out. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Data concerning the potential effects on embryo development of culture media were assessed and recommendations for users made. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The safety of ART procedures, especially with respect to the health of the offspring, is of major importance. There are reports from the literature indicating a possible effect of culture conditions, including culture media, on embryo and fetal development. Since the introduction of commercially available culture media, there has been a rapid development of different formulations, often not fully documented, disclosed or justified. There is now evidence that the environment the early embryo is exposed to can cause reprogramming of embryonic growth leading to alterations in fetal growth trajectory, birthweight, childhood growth and long-term disease including Type II diabetes and cardiovascular problems. The mechanism for this is likely to be epigenetic changes during the preimplantation period of development. In the present paper the ESHRE working group on culture media summarizes the present knowledge of potential effects on embryo development related to culture media, and makes recommendations. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION There is still a need for large prospective randomized trials to further elucidate the link between the composition of embryo culture media used and the phenotype of the offspring. We do not presently know if the phenotypic changes induced by in vitro embryo culture represent a problem for long-term health of the offspring. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Published data indicate that there is a strong case for demanding full transparency concerning the compositions of and the scientific rationale behind the composition of embryo culture media. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was funded by The European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology. No competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Sunde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olav's University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel Brison
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John Dumoulin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Harper
- Embryology, IVF and reproductive genetics group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kersti Lundin
- Reproductive Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna Veiga
- Reproductive Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
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Hyde KJ, Schust DJ. Immunologic challenges of human reproduction: an evolving story. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:499-510. [PMID: 27477190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the implanting human fetus as an allograft prompted a field of research in reproductive immunology that continues to fascinate and perplex scientists. Paternal- or partner-derived alloantigens are present in the maternal host at multiple times during the reproductive process. They begin with exposure to semen, continue through implantation and placentation, and may persist for decades in the form of fetal microchimerism. Changes in maternal immune responses that allow allogenic fertilization and survival of semiallogenic concepti to delivery must be balanced with a continued need to respond appropriately to pathogenic invaders, commensals, cell or tissue damage, and any tendency toward malignant transformation. This complex and sophisticated balancing act is essential for survival of mother, fetus, and the species itself. We will discuss concepts of alloimmune recognition, tolerance, and ignorance as they pertain to mammalian reproduction with a focus on human reproduction, maternal immune modulation, and the very earliest events in the reproductive process, fertilization and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassie J Hyde
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Danny J Schust
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.
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Wydooghe E, Vandaele L, Heras S, De Sutter P, Deforce D, Peelman L, De Schauwer C, Van Soom A. Autocrine embryotropins revisited: how do embryos communicate with each other in vitro when cultured in groups? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:505-520. [PMID: 26608222 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of the maternal genital tract, preimplantation embryos can develop in vitro in culture medium where all communication with the oviduct or uterus is absent. In several mammalian species, it has been observed that embryos cultured in groups thrive better than those cultured singly. Here we argue that group-cultured embryos are able to promote their own development in vitro by the production of autocrine embryotropins that putatively serve as a communication tool. The concept of effective communication implies an origin, a signalling agent, and finally a recipient that is able to decode the message. We illustrate this concept by demonstrating that preimplantation embryos are able to secrete autocrine factors in several ways, including active secretion, passive outflow, or as messengers bound to a molecular vehicle or transported within extracellular vesicles. Likewise, we broaden the traditional view that inter-embryo communication is dictated mainly by growth factors, by discussing a wide range of other biochemical messengers including proteins, lipids, neurotransmitters, saccharides, and microRNAs, all of which can be exchanged among embryos cultured in a group. Finally, we describe how different classes of messenger molecules are decoded by the embryo and influence embryo development by triggering different pathways. When autocrine embryotropins such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or platelet activating factor (PAF) bind to their appropriate receptor, the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway will be activated which is important for embryo survival. On the other hand, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is activated when compounds such as hyaluronic acid and serotonin bind to their respective receptors, thereby acting as growth factors. By activating the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor family (PPAR) pathway, lipophilic autocrine factors such as prostaglandins or fatty acids have both survival and anti-apoptotic functions. In conclusion, considering different types of messenger molecules simultaneously will be crucial to understanding more comprehensively how embryos communicate with each other in group-culture systems. This approach will assist in the development of novel media for single-embryo culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Wydooghe
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leen Vandaele
- Animal Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), B-9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Sonia Heras
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Petra De Sutter
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Peelman
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Guillermet-Guibert J, Smith LB, Halet G, Whitehead MA, Pearce W, Rebourcet D, León K, Crépieux P, Nock G, Strömstedt M, Enerback M, Chelala C, Graupera M, Carroll J, Cosulich S, Saunders PTK, Huhtaniemi I, Vanhaesebroeck B. Novel Role for p110β PI 3-Kinase in Male Fertility through Regulation of Androgen Receptor Activity in Sertoli Cells. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005304. [PMID: 26132308 PMCID: PMC4488938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The organismal roles of the ubiquitously expressed class I PI3K isoform p110β remain largely unknown. Using a new kinase-dead knockin mouse model that mimics constitutive pharmacological inactivation of p110β, we document that full inactivation of p110β leads to embryonic lethality in a substantial fraction of mice. Interestingly, the homozygous p110β kinase-dead mice that survive into adulthood (maximum ~26% on a mixed genetic background) have no apparent phenotypes, other than subfertility in females and complete infertility in males. Systemic inhibition of p110β results in a highly specific blockade in the maturation of spermatogonia to spermatocytes. p110β was previously suggested to signal downstream of the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor in germ cells to regulate their proliferation and survival. We now report that p110β also plays a germ cell-extrinsic role in the Sertoli cells (SCs) that support the developing sperm, with p110β inactivation dampening expression of the SC-specific Androgen Receptor (AR) target gene Rhox5, a homeobox gene critical for spermatogenesis. All extragonadal androgen-dependent functions remain unaffected by global p110β inactivation. In line with a crucial role for p110β in SCs, selective inactivation of p110β in these cells results in male infertility. Our study is the first documentation of the involvement of a signalling enzyme, PI3K, in the regulation of AR activity during spermatogenesis. This developmental pathway may become active in prostate cancer where p110β and AR have previously been reported to functionally interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse UMR1037, INSERM, BP84225, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lee B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Halet
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, SFR BIOSIT UMS 3480, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | | | - Wayne Pearce
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly León
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA—CNRS—Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA—CNRS—Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gemma Nock
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Strömstedt
- Astra Zeneca, Research and Development, Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Malin Enerback
- Astra Zeneca, Research and Development, Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariona Graupera
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Vascular Signalling Laboratory, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l’Hospitalet 199–203, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sabina Cosulich
- Astrazeneca Oncology iMED, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa T. K. Saunders
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom, and Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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30
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Tyul’kova EI, Vataeva LA, Vetrovoi OV, Romanovskii DY. Prenatal hypoxia modifies working memory and the activity of hippocampal polyphosphoinositide system in rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093015020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wydooghe E, Heras S, Dewulf J, Piepers S, Van den Abbeel E, De Sutter P, Vandaele L, Van Soom A. Replacing serum in culture medium with albumin and insulin, transferrin and selenium is the key to successful bovine embryo development in individual culture. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:717-24. [PMID: 23711172 DOI: 10.1071/rd13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual culture of bovine embryos is usually associated with low blastocyst development. However, during preliminary experiments in our laboratory we observed high blastocyst development after individual embryo culture in a serum-free culture system. We therefore hypothesised that serum has a negative effect on embryos cultured individually whereas embryos in groups can counteract this. First, we determined whether the timing of removal of serum (during maturation or culture) had an influence on individual embryo development. The results clearly showed that removal of serum during embryo culture was the main contributing factor since high blastocyst development was observed after individual culture in synthetic oviductal fluid supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS), independent of the maturation medium. Second, we investigated whether an individual factor of the ITS supplement was essential for individual embryo development. We demonstrated that repeatable high blastocyst percentages were due to the synergistic effect of ITS. Finally, we investigated if a group-culture effect can still be observed under serum-free conditions. Group culture generated blastocysts with higher total cell numbers and less apoptosis. These data show that individual culture in serum-free conditions leads to high blastocyst development, but group culture still improves blastocyst quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wydooghe
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Heras
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Dewulf
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Piepers
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Van den Abbeel
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P De Sutter
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Vandaele
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle Belgium
| | - A Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Matsuura K. Numerical calculations for diffusion effects in the well-of-the-well culture system for mammalian embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:742-51. [PMID: 23697480 DOI: 10.1071/rd13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the microenvironment and embryo density used during embryo culture considerably affect development to the blastocyst stage. High embryo density allows for autocrine secretions to diffuse to neighbouring embryos during group culture, with a positive effect on further development. A variation of group culture is the well-of-the-well (WOW) culture system, allowing for individual identification of embryos cultured in small holes in a microdroplet. Bovine blastocyst development is higher in the WOW culture system than in conventional group culture. To compare the concentration of chemical factors between conventional and WOW culture, a model was constructed to calculate the concentration of secreted factors based on Fick's second law of diffusion using spreadsheet software. Furthermore, model was used to determine the concentration of growth factors and waste materials adjacent to the embryo periphery. The results of these calculations suggest that the highest difference in the concentration of secreted small molecules and macromolecules was at the most two- to threefold, with the concentrations reduced more and diffusion kinetics facilitated to a greater extent in the WOW culture system. The average ratio of the concentration of secreted macromolecules (10nm diameter) around the embryos was also compared between systems with well widths of 0.1 and 0.3mm. The concentration of secreted materials surrounding embryos increased in a narrow tapered well. The findings suggest that the WOW culture system is better than conventional group culture because of the increased final concentration of autocrine factors and higher diffusion kinetics of waste materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuura
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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33
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Leese HJ. History of oocyte and embryo metabolism. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:567-71. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic pattern of metabolism in mammalian oocytes and early embryos was established in the 1960s and 1970s, largely in terms of the consumption of oxygen and the utilisation of nutrients present in culture media at the time, mainly glucose, pyruvate and lactate. The potential importance of endogenous fuels was also recognised but was largely ignored, only to be rediscovered quite recently. The 1980s and 1990s saw the arrival of a ‘new generation’ of culture media, characterised metabolically by the addition of amino acids, an initiative driven strongly by the need to improve embryo culture and selection methods in assisted reproductive technologies. This trend has continued alongside some basic metabolic studies and the general recognition of the importance of metabolism in all aspects of biology. A framework for future studies on oocyte and early embryo metabolism has been provided by: (1) the developmental origins of health and disease concept and recognition of the relationship between development, epigenetics and metabolism; (2) the need to understand cell signalling within, and between the cells of, the early embryo; and (3) the importance of identifying the mechanisms underlying dialogue between the oocyte and early embryo and the female reproductive tract.
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Female tract cytokines and developmental programming in embryos. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 843:173-213. [PMID: 25956299 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2480-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the physiological situation, cytokines are pivotal mediators of communication between the maternal tract and the embryo. Compelling evidence shows that cytokines emanating from the oviduct and uterus confer a sophisticated mechanism for 'fine-tuning' of embryo development, influencing a range of cellular events from cell survival and metabolism, through division and differentiation, and potentially exerting long-term impact through epigenetic remodelling. The balance between survival agents, including GM-CSF, CSF1, LIF, HB-EGF and IGFII, against apoptosis-inducing factors such as TNFα, TRAIL and IFNg, influence the course of preimplantation development, causing embryos to develop normally, adapt to varying maternal environments, or in some cases to arrest and undergo demise. Maternal cytokine-mediated pathways help mediate the biological effects of embryo programming, embryo plasticity and adaptation, and maternal tract quality control. Thus maternal cytokines exert influence not only on fertility and pregnancy progression but on the developmental trajectory and health of offspring. Defining a clear understanding of the biology of cytokine networks influencing the embryo is essential to support optimal outcomes in natural and assisted conception.
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35
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O’Neill C, Li Y, Jin X. Survival Signalling in the Preimplantation Embryo. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 843:129-49. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2480-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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36
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Wydooghe E, Vandaele L, Piepers S, Dewulf J, Van den Abbeel E, De Sutter P, Van Soom A. Individual commitment to a group effect: strengths and weaknesses of bovine embryo group culture. Reproduction 2014; 148:519-29. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, new culture devices such as Corral and Primo Vision dishes have been designed for the culture of human embryos to allow the combination of group culture plus follow-up of individual embryos. Bovine inseminated oocytes were allocated to Primo Vision dishes, Corral dishes, individual culture or classical group culture. Blastocyst development in Primo Vision dishes was similar to classical group culture (34.3 and 39.0% respectively), and better than Corral dishes or individual culture (28.9 and 28.5% respectively). In Primo Vision dishes, a higher number of ‘slow’ embryos developed to the blastocyst stage compared with their individually cultured counterparts, while no differences were observed for ‘fast’ embryos. ‘Slow’ embryos in a ‘standard drop’ had a higher chance of becoming a blastocyst compared with individual culture (OR: 2.3), whereas blastulation of ‘fast’ embryos was less efficient in a ‘delayed drop’ than in individual culture (OR: 0.3). The number of non-cleaved embryos in Primo Vision dishes did not negatively influence blastocyst development. Likewise, removing non-cleaved embryos (NC removed) and regrouping the cleaved embryos afterwards (ReGR) did not affect blastocyst development and quality compared with group culture in Primo Vision dishes (CTRL, 31.6%, NC removed, 29.3% and ReGR, 29.6%). The experiments revealed that group culture of bovine embryos in Primo Vision dishes is superior to individual culture, primarily because of the higher blastocyst rate achieved by slow embryos. Non-cleaved or arrested embryos do not hamper the ability of co-cultured bovine embryos to reach the blastocyst stage in group culture.
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Schmaltz-Panneau B, Cordova A, Dhorne-Pollet S, Hennequet-Antier C, Uzbekova S, Martinot E, Doret S, Martin P, Mermillod P, Locatelli Y. Early bovine embryos regulate oviduct epithelial cell gene expression during in vitro co-culture. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:103-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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The strategy of group embryo culture based on pronuclear pattern on blastocyst development: a two center analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:1629-34. [PMID: 25261353 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare two embryo grouping strategies. METHODS Retrospective time-course analysis in two different centres. Two culture protocols were used at the zygote stage: "Random Group" in which zygotes were randomly grouped and "Definite Group" in which zygotes were grouped based on pronuclear pattern. Embryo culture was extended to blastocyst stage. Primary and secondary outcomes were respectively the blastulation rate and the cumulative clinical pregnancy and implantation rates. RESULT(S) A similar blastulation rate [42 and 41% day (5 + 6) blastocysts] was obtained in the two groups. Conversely, after adjusting for baseline and cycle variables, cumulative pregnancy [adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.10 (95%CI: 1.08-4.07)] and implantation [adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.78 (95%CI: 1.06-2.97)] rates were significantly higher in the "Random Group" compared to the "Definite Group". CONCLUSION(S) Two strategies of group culture gave similar results in terms of blastulation rate but the random grouping of zygotes improves pregnancy and implantation rates in IVF-cycles.
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Abstract
The UK Association of Clinical Embryologists held a workshop on Culture Systems for assisted conception in Sheffield on 22 May 2013. The meeting was organised in the light of the availability of numerous commercial products for the culture of human preimplantation embryos in vitro and the absence of data comparing the performance of these products. Expert opinions were presented, along with survey data provided by participating IVF Centres. The workshop highlighted the lack of a sound evidence base to support the selection of any one commercial product over another, and raised concerns over the lack of information defining precisely the composition of media, and the potential for adverse long-term effects of such products following their use in assisted conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia N Bolton
- Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital , Great Maze Pond, London , UK
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Jin XL, O'Neill C. The regulation of the expression and activation of the essential ATF1 transcription factor in the mouse preimplantation embryo. Reproduction 2014; 148:147-57. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The co-expression of the CREB and ATF1 transcription factors is required for the development of preimplantation embryos. Embryotropin-mediated, calcium/calmodulin-dependent signalling activates CREB-induced transcription in the two-cell embryo, but the regulation of ATF1 in the embryo is not known. This study demonstrates that ATF1 begins to accumulate within both pronuclei of the mouse zygote by 20 h post-human chorionic gonadotrophin. This did not require new transcription (not blocked by α-amanitin), but was dependent upon protein synthesis (blocked by puromycin) and the activity of P38 MAP kinase. ATF1 becomes an active transcription factor upon being phosphorylated. A marked accumulation of phosphorylated ATF1 was evident in two-cell embryos and this persisted in subsequent stages of development. This phosphorylation was enhanced by the actions of autocrine embryotropic mediators (including Paf) and required the mutual actions of P38 MAP kinase and calmodulin-dependent pathways for maximum levels of phosphorylation. The combined inhibition of these two pathways blocked embryonic genome activation (EGA) and caused embryos to enter a developmental block at the two-cell stage. The members of the CREB family of transcription factors can generate one of the most diverse transcriptomes of any transcription factor. The demonstration of the presence of activated CREB and ATF1 within the embryonic nucleus at the time of EGA places these transcription factors as priority targets as key regulators of EGA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The advances in the world of IVF during the last decades have been rapid and impressive and culture media play a major role in this success. Until the 1980s fertility centers made their media in house. Nowadays, there are numerous commercially available culture media that contain various components including nutrients, vitamins and growth factors. This review goes through the past, present and future of IVF culture media and explores their composition and quality assessment. METHODS A computerized search was performed in PubMed regarding IVF culture media including results from 1929 until March 2014. Information was gathered from the websites of companies who market culture media, advertising material, instructions for use and certificates of analysis. The regulation regarding IVF media mainly in the European Union (EU) but also in non-European countries was explored. RESULTS The keyword 'IVF culture media' gave 923 results in PubMed and 'embryo culture media' 12 068 results dating from 1912 until March 2014, depicting the increased scientific activity in this field. The commercialization of IVF culture media has increased the standards bringing a great variety of options into clinical practice. However, it has led to reduced transparency and comparisons of brand names that do not facilitate the scientific dialogue. Furthermore, there is some evidence suggesting that suboptimal culture conditions could cause long-term reprogramming in the embryo as the periconception period is particularly susceptible to epigenetic alterations. IVF media are now classified as class III medical devices and only CE (Conformité Européene)-marked media should be used in the EU. CONCLUSION The CE marking of IVF culture media is a significant development in the field. However, the quality and efficiency of culture media should be monitored closely. Well-designed randomized controlled trials, large epidemiological studies and full transparency should be the next steps. Reliable, standardized models assessing multiple end-points and post-implantation development should replace the mouse embryo assay. Structured long-term follow-up of children conceived by assisted reproduction technologies and traceability are of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpiniki Chronopoulou
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Joyce C Harper
- UCL Centre for PG and D, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health, UCLH, London, UK
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Jin XL, O’Neill C. Systematic analysis of the factors that adversely affect the rate of cell accumulation in mouse embryos during their culture in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:35. [PMID: 24885989 PMCID: PMC4036297 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retarded embryo growth is a pervasive effect of culture in vitro. METHODS A systematic analysis of the interactions between media design, embryo culture density, oxygen tension, amino acids, trophic ligands and the genetic background of the mouse on embryo growth rates in vitro was performed. RESULTS Growth retardation of mouse zygotes was greater in 20% O2 than 5%, a sequential media design was superior to static simple media designs, but the supplementation of simple media with mixed amino acids mitigated this difference. There was a beneficial effect of communal culture in small volumes, and supplementation with a trophic ligand (Paf) further enhanced growth rates. For hybrid strain zygotes (B6CBF1) communal culture in KSOM media supplemented with amino acids, albumin and Paf under 5% O₂ resulted in complete rescue of their rate of accumulation of cells and blastocyst formation. Inbred strain (C57BL6/J) zygotes, however, still showed some retardation of development under these conditions. The additional supplementation of media with another trophic ligand (IGF1) showed a further additive beneficial effect on development of inbred strain embryos but they still showed a growth deficit of ~ 23% cell number. The results show that optimising the interactions between a range of culture conditions and media design can rescue hybrid strain embryos from a retarded rate of cell proliferation caused by culture in vitro, but this was incomplete for the B6 strain. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the growth requirement of embryos in vitro varies depending upon their genetic background and provide models for the further genetic analysis of embryo growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing L Jin
- Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Chris O’Neill
- Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
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Saadeldin IM, Kim SJ, Choi YB, Lee BC. Improvement of cloned embryos development by co-culturing with parthenotes: a possible role of exosomes/microvesicles for embryos paracrine communication. Cell Reprogram 2014; 16:223-34. [PMID: 24773308 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that embryos cultured in a group can create a microenvironment through secretion of autocrine and paracrine factors that can support and improve the embryos' development when compared to the embryos cultured individually. In this study, we used a co-culture system for paracrine communication between different kinds of embryos. The results showed that co-culture of porcine parthenogenetic (PA) embryos significantly improved the in vitro development of cloned (nuclear transfer, NT) embryos. To reveal the possible mechanism of communication between the two groups, we isolated exosomes/microvesicles (EXs/MVs) from the PA embryos conditioned medium (PA-CM) through differential centrifugation and identified them through transmission electron microscope and immunoflourescence against exosomal/membrane marker CD9. Furthermore, these EXs/MVs were found to contain mRNA of pluripotency genes (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog), and the PKH67-labeled EXs/MVs could be internalized by the NT embryos. The current study demonstrates that cloned embryos' developmental competence can be improved through co-culturing with PA embryos and revealed, for the first time, that in vitro-produced embryos can secrete EXs/MVs as a possible communication tool within their microenvironment. Moreover, it provides a new paradigm for embryo-to-embryo communication in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Embryo quality but not pronuclear score is associated with clinical pregnancy following IVF. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:279-83. [PMID: 24390678 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between pronuclear (PN) scoring of embryos from assisted reproductive technology (ART) and clinical pregnancy remains controversial. We hypothesized that embryos with PNs scored on the day of fertilization check offer better embryo selection on day 3 and higher CPR compared to non-PN scored embryos. METHODS Patients (19-46 years) undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles at Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health between January 2006 and December 2009 were included in our study. We analyzed fresh day 3 cycles only with autologous oocytes and partner's fresh sperm (n = 344). A total of 1,899 embryos were included. We compared CPR from non-PN scored embryos (Group 1, n = 835) with PN scored embryos (Group 2, n = 1,064). Composite scores by patient were developed based on embryo disposition. We also assessed traditional embryo grading derived from cell number, fragmentation and cell symmetry. Data analysis included chi square and t test to determine if PN scoring was associated with improved CPR, and to compare the additional variables. RESULTS CPR between Group 1 and Group 2 were not different (p = 0.91). CPR was significantly associated with female age, number of mature oocytes retrieved, number of day 3 embryos and grade of embryos transferred on day 3 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION PN scoring was not associated with improved CPR in day 3 embryo transfers. Mean grade of transferred embryos continues to be a well-established, independent predictor of CPR. We conclude that further refinement of embryo grading by PN scoring is not beneficial.
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Abstract
The cell-cycle regulators that control meiotic divisions also regulate the events that accompany the oocyte-to-zygote transition. Thus, the meiotic machinery functions as an internal pacemaker that propels the oocyte toward embryogenesis. The preimplantation embryo expresses a number of receptors that are important for initial activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt/PKB) pathway. The complete PI3K-Akt/PKB-CDK1 cascade is implicated as a key regulator of a number of cellular functions. Selective inhibition of protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) with inhibitor SH6 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) with inhibitor roscovitine arrest development of the 1-cell preimplantation mouse embryo before entry into the first mitosis. The pronuclei of these inhibited embryos migrate to one another, but do not progress to pronuclei envelope breakdown and pronuclear fusion running immediately before the onset of mitosis. SH6-treated 1-cell mouse embryos showed a high occurrence of apoptosis features (nuclear fragmentation, positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL), active caspase-3 in both cytoplasm and nucleoplasm). In the Akt/PKB-inhibited embryos, the active phosphorylated form Ser473Akt/PKB was not detected in pronuclear areas when compared with inhibitor-free controls. Although CDK1-inhibited 1-cell embryos also failed to enter into the first mitosis, the presence of apoptotic cell death features was not observed. In the roscovitine-treated embryos, Ser473Akt/PKB was detected in the pronuclei independently of CDK1 activity. We conclude that Akt/PKB plays an important role during entry of the 1-cell mouse embryo into the first mitosis, and probably functions as a relay in the cell-cycle stage. We assume that Akt/PKB is the primary target responsible for mediating anti-apoptotic signals in the 1-cell mouse embryo.
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Hara T, Matsuura K, Kodama T, Sato K, Kikkawa Y, Muneto T, Tanaka J, Naruse K. A tilting embryo culture system increases the number of high-grade human blastocysts with high implantation competence. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 26:260-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pessach I, Shimoni A, Nagler A. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for hematopoietic stem cell donation from healthy female donors during pregnancy and lactation: what do we know? Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19:259-67. [PMID: 23287427 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are mostly used as supportive measures to reduce infectious complications associated with neutropenia. Over the past decade, the use of HGFs became a common method for mobilizing human CD34+ stem cells, either for autologous or allogeneic transplantation. However, since their introduction the long-term safety of the procedure has become a major focus of discussion and research. Most information refers to healthy normal donors and data concerning pregnant and lactating women are scarce. The clinical question, which is the core of this review, is whether stem cell donation, preceded by administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for mobilization, is a safe procedure for pregnant donors. METHODS Literature searches were performed in Pubmed for English language articles published before the end of May 2012, focusing on G-CSF administration during pregnancy, lactation and hematopoietic stem cell donation. Searches included animal and human studies. RESULTS Data from animals (n = 15 studies) and women (n = 46 studies) indicate that G-CSF crosses the placenta, stimulates fetal granulopoiesis, improves neonatal survival mostly for very immature infants, promotes trophoblast growth and placental metabolism and has an anti-abortive role. Granulocyte macrophage-CSF is a key cytokine in the maternal immune tolerance towards the implanted embryo and exerts protective long-term programming effects to preimplantation embryos. The available data suggest that probably CSFs should not be administered during the time of most active organogenesis (first trimester), except perhaps for the first week during which implantation takes place. Provided CSF is administered during the second and third trimesters, it appears to be safe, and pregnant women receiving the CSF treatment can become hematopoietic stem cell donors. There are also risks related to the anesthesia, which is required for the bone marrow aspiration. During lactation, there should be a period of at least 3 days to allow for clearance of CSF from milk before resuming breast feeding. With regard to teratogenicity or leukaemogenity, in non-pregnant or non-lactating women reports show that CSF administration is associated with a risk for leukemia; however, this risk is not higher compared with the control population. CONCLUSIONS The information available to date indicates that administration of CSF in general, and G-CSF in particular, is safe and healthy pregnant women can serve as donors of either bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells. However, the clinical experience is rather limited and therefore until more data become available, G-CSF should not be used during pregnancy and lactation when other therapeutic options, instead of stem cell transplantation, are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Pessach
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation & CBB, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Arnaiz I, Johnson MH, Cook DI, Day ML. Changing expression of chloride channels during preimplantation mouse development. Reproduction 2013; 145:73-84. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane chloride channels (ClCs) play important roles in a broad range of cellular processes including cell volume regulation, proliferation, and transepithelial transport, all of which are critical during preimplantation embryonic development. In this study, the molecular and functional expression of voltage-gated ClCs was analyzed throughout preimplantation development of the mouse conceptus. mRNA transcripts for allClcngenes were detected. OnlyClcn1mRNA showed differential expression in the blastocyst, being detected in the trophectoderm but not in the inner cell mass. CLCN3 protein was detected at low levels in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane in 4-cell embryos and was localized to the apical plasma membrane of the trophoblasts in the blastocyst. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated the presence of a DIDS-sensitive, outwardly rectifying Cl−current throughout development, with this conductance being large at the 1-cell, morula and blastocyst stages. A second DIDS-insensitive Cl−current, which was inactivated by membrane depolarization, was present in cells differentiating into the trophoblast lineage and during blastocyst expansion. Inhibition of the DIDS-sensitive current and the DIDS-insensitive current, with 9-AC, prevented blastocyst expansion.
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Li A, Ganeshan L, O'Neill C. The effect of Trp53 gene-dosage and parent-of-origin of inheritance on mouse gamete and embryo function in vitro. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:175. [PMID: 22441798 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.097741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) has a canonical role as the "guardian of the genome," serving to protect against the propagation of cells with genomic damage. Autocrine trophic signals act to block the accumulation of TRP53 in the normal preimplantation embryo. Culture of the early embryo at limiting dilutions in simple defined media limits autocrine signaling, resulting in the accumulation of TRP53. This TRP53 reduces the rate of development of embryos. In this study we show that deletion of the Trp53 gene improved development in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Development to morphological blastocysts increased as the dose of Trp53 was reduced, and this was accompanied by a Trp53-dependent increase in the allocation of cells to the inner cell mass. The intermediate developmental response of heterozygous mice provides evidence for haploinsufficiency of this trait. This haploinsufficiency was evident irrespective of the parent-of-origin of the null allele; however, zygotes with paternal inheritance of the Trp53-null allele had better development in vitro than those with maternal inheritance. There was a beneficial effect of the Trp53-null allele on the number of oocytes released by Trp53(+/-) females, and heterozygous males produced higher fertilization rates than controls, although this was independent of the genotype of the fertilizing sperm. The study shows that ovulation induction or culture of embryos in limiting conditions creates conditions that favor the early development of embryos inheriting loss of Trp53 function. This occurs even in the heterozygous state, showing that the conditions provide a potential basis for accelerated accumulation of deleterious mutations within a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Li
- Centre for Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Survival signaling in the preimplantation embryo. Theriogenology 2012; 77:773-84. [PMID: 22325248 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The autopoietic development of the preimplantation embryo may in part be explained by the actions of autocrine tropic ligands. The net effect of these mediators is to support the survival of cells within the early embryo. In the mouse, the actions of autocrine ligands are required by the 2-cell stage of development, and they can act in concert with paracrine mediators present within the reproductive tract. These mediators act via 1-o-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling which has the dual effects of activating calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase/CREB transcription factor and AKT (protein kinase B)/MDM2 mediated survival pathways. The activated CREB drives transcription of prosurvival effectors, including the proto-oncogenes c-Fos and Bcl2. The AKT induces the phosphorylation and activation of MDM2 which causes the ubiquitination and resultant degradation of P53 resulting in the latency of P53 action. Tropic signals provide coordinated mechanisms for maintaining the survival of the cells of the early embryo. Disturbance of survival signaling has the net effect of reducing the number of cells populating the early embryo, due in part to the P53-mediated reduction in the pluripotent inner cell mass stem cell population within the embryo. The resultant embryos have a markedly reduced capacity for development beyond the implantation stage and those that do implant tend to be anembryonic.
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