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Chen H, Li P, Chen J, Wang Y, Yu Q, Wu Y, Chen Y, Cai J. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell microRNAs are novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring Crohn's disease. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22549. [PMID: 36165177 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200452r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a recurrent, progressive, immune-mediated inflammatory disease and merely manifests non-specific symptoms at early stage. In this study, we isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to determine whether PBMC miRNAs are reliable biomarkers for Crohn's disease diagnosing and monitoring. 5 Crohn's disease patients and 5 healthy controls were recruited to find differentially expressed miRNAs by next generation sequencing. Candidate PBMC miRNAs were further validated by qRT-PCR in another cohort consisting of 86 Crohn's disease patients and 39 healthy controls. We found PBMC miR-582-5p could diagnose Crohn's disease with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.701(95%CI 0.606-0.796, p < .001). While PBMC miR-96-5p was significantly higher in active Crohn's disease and correlated with both clinical (ρ = 0.376, p < .001) and endoscopic activity (ρ = 0.512, p = .015). Furthermore, PBMC miR-96-5p had a better performance in recognizing active Crohn's disease with AUROC of 0.727 (95%CI 0.609-0.844, p = .001) than C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and fecal calprotectin. In conclusion, PBMC miR-582-5p may be further utilized as a diagnostic biomarker, while miR-96-5p may be a novel and valuable biomarker in monitoring disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Chen
- Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peiwei Li
- Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Yu
- Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianting Cai
- Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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MicroRNAs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158751. [PMID: 35955886 PMCID: PMC9369281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), classified primarily between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a collection of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions that cause multiple complications because of systemic alterations in the immune response. One major player is microRNA (miRNA), which is found to be associated with multiple pathways in mediating inflammation, especially those of a chronic nature in IBD, as well as irritable bowel syndrome. Although there have been studies linking miRNA alterations in IBD, even differentiating Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, this review focuses mainly on how miRNAs cause and mechanistically influence the pathologic complications of IBD. In addition to its role in the well-known progression towards colorectal cancer, we also emphasize how miRNA manifests the many extraintestinal complications in IBD such as cardiovascular diseases; neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders; and others, including various musculoskeletal, dermatologic, ocular, and hepatobiliary complications. We conclude through a description of its potential use in bettering diagnostics and the future treatment of IBD and its systemic symptoms.
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A combination of circulating microRNA-375-3p and chemokines CCL11, CXCL12, and G-CSF differentiate Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23303. [PMID: 34857759 PMCID: PMC8639680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of Crohn’s disease (CD) from intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is a big challenge to gastroenterologists because of their indistinguishable features and insensitive diagnostic tools. A non-invasive biomarker is urgently required to distinguish ITB/CD patients particularly in India, a TB endemic region, where CD frequency is increasing rapidly due to urbanization. Among the three differentially expressed miRNAs obtained from small RNA transcriptomic profiling of ileocaecal/terminal ileal tissue of ITB/CD patients (n = 3), only two down-regulated miRNAs, miR-31-5p, and miR-215-5p showed comparable data in qRT-PCR. Out of which, only miR-215-5p was detectable in the patient’s plasma, but there was no significant difference in expression between ITB/CD. On the other hand, miR-375-3p, the pulmonary TB specific marker was found in higher amount in the plasma of ITB patients than CD while reverse expression was observed in the ileocaecal/terminal ileal tissues of the same patients. Next, using Bioplex pro-human cytokine 48-plex screening panel, only three chemokines, Eotaxin-1/CCL11, SDF-1α/CXCL12, and G-CSF have noted significantly different levels in the serum of ITB/CD patients. ROC analysis has revealed that compared to a single molecule, a combination of miR-375-3p + Eotaxin-1/CCL11 + SDF-1α /CXCL12 + G-CSF showed a better AUC of 0.83, 95% CI (0.69–0.96) with 100% specificity and positive predictive value while sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 56%, 69%, and 78% respectively in distinguishing ITB from CD. This study suggests that a combination of plasma markers shows better potential in differentiating ITB from CD than a single marker and this panel of markers may be used for clinical management of ITB/CD patients.
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Yao D, Zhou Z, Wang P, Zheng L, Huang Y, Duan Y, Liu B, Li Y. MiR-125-5p/IL-6R axis regulates macrophage inflammatory response and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in ulcerative colitis through JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathway. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2547-2564. [PMID: 34747340 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1995128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of miR-125-5p and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6 R) on ulcerative colitis (UC) cell models and mouse models. The sera derived from UC patients and healthy subjects were collected for expression analysis. UC in vitro models and in vivo model were constructed and used. Expressions of miR-125-5p, IL-6 R, AK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathways, and inflammatory factors, histopathology and apoptosis were determined by conducting a series of molecular experiments. The relationship between miR-125-5p and IL-6 R was analyzed by TargetScan7.2 and verified by dual-luciferase assay. The disease activity index (DAI) score, weight change, and colon length of the mice were recorded and analyzed. Decreased expression of miR-125-5p in the sera of UC patients was related to the increased expression of its target gene IL-6 R. In vitro, up-regulation of miR-125-5p decreased IL-6 R expression, contents of inflammatory factors in THP-1 cells and cell apoptosis of NCM460, and inhibited the activation of JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathway. However, down-regulation of miR-125-5p produced the opposite effects to its up-regulation. IL-6 R overexpression partially reversed the effects of miR-125-5p up-regulation on UC cell models. In vivo, miR-125-5p overexpression significantly improved the severity of colitis, including DAI score, colon length, tissue damage, apoptosis, and inflammatory response, in the mice in the UC group. In addition, miR-125-5p up-regulation significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 R in the UC mice, and reduced the expression levels of JAK1, STAT3 and p65 phosphorylation. MiR-125-5p targeting IL-6 R regulates macrophage inflammatory response and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in ulcerative colitis through JAK1/STAT3 and NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Moret-Tatay I, Cerrillo E, Hervás D, Iborra M, Sáez-González E, Forment J, Tortosa L, Nos P, Gadea J, Beltrán B. Specific Plasma MicroRNA Signatures in Predicting and Confirming Crohn's Disease Recurrence: Role and Pathogenic Implications. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00416. [PMID: 34695034 PMCID: PMC8547914 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important epigenetic regulators in Crohn's disease (CD); however, their contribution to postoperative recurrence (POR) is still unknown. We aimed to characterize the potential role of miRNAs in predicting POR in patients with CD and to identify their pathogenic implications. METHODS Of 67 consecutively operated patients with CD, we included 44 with pure ileal CD. Peripheral blood samples were taken before surgery and during follow-up. The patients were classified according to the presence or absence of POR assessed by ileocolonoscopy or magnetic resonance imaging enterography. The miRNAs were profiled by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction before surgery and during morphological POR or, for those who remained in remission, 1 year after surgery. R software and mirWalk were used. RESULTS Five human miRNAs (miR-191-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-451a, and miR-93-5p) were selected for discriminating between the 2 patient groups at presurgery (PS), with an area under the curve of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [0.79, 0.98]). Another 5 (miR-15b-5p, miR-451a, miR-93-5p, miR-423-5p, and miR-125b-5p) were selected for 1 year, with an area under the curve of 0.96 (95% confidence interval [0.91, 1.0]). We also created nomograms for POR risk estimation. CCND2 and BCL9L genes were related to PS miRNA profiles; SENP5 and AKT3 genes were related to PS and 1 year; and SUV39H1 and MAPK3K10 were related to 1 year. DISCUSSION Different plasma miRNA signatures identify patients at high POR risk, which could help optimize patient outcomes. We developed nomograms to facilitate the clinical use of these results. The identified miRNAs participate in apoptosis, autophagy, proinflammatory immunological T-cell clusters, and reactive oxygen species metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moret-Tatay
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)], Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cerrillo
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Hervás
- Biostatistics Unit, Health Research IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisa Iborra
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)], Madrid, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esteban Sáez-González
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Forment
- The Institute for Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP), Polytechnic University of Valencia- Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Tortosa
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)], Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Nos
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)], Madrid, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Gadea
- The Institute for Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP), Polytechnic University of Valencia- Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Beltrán
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)], Madrid, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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Zhou J, Liu J, Gao Y, Shen L, Li S, Chen S. miRNA-Based Potential Biomarkers and New Molecular Insights in Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707776. [PMID: 34305614 PMCID: PMC8298863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, which usually manifests as abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia. The disease often recurs and is difficult to cure. At present, the pathogenesis is not clear, but it is believed that the disease is caused by a complex interaction among immunity, heredity, environment and intestinal microflora disorders. MicroRNA (miRNA) is endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNA of 17–25 nucleotides (nts). They target the 3'Untranslated Region of a target gene and inhibit or degrade the target gene according to the extent of complementary bases. As important gene expression regulators, miRNAs are involved in regulating the expression of most human genes, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases including UC. Studies in recent years have illustrated that abnormal expression of miRNA occurs very early in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, this abnormal expression is highly related to disease activity of UC and colitis-associated cancer, and involves virtually all key UC-related mechanisms, such as immunity and intestinal microbiota dysregulation. Recently, it was discovered that miRNA is highly stable outside the cell in the form of microvesicles, exosomes or apoptotic vesicles, which raises the possibility that miRNA may serve as a novel diagnostic marker for UC. In this review, we summarize the biosynthetic pathway and the function of miRNA, and summarize the usefulness of miRNA for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of UC. Then, we described four types of miRNAs involved in regulating the mechanisms of UC occurrence and development: 1) miRNAs are involved in regulating immune cells; 2) affect the intestinal epithelial cells barrier; 3) regulate the homeostasis between gut microbiota and the host; and 4) participate in the formation of tumor in UC. Altogether, we aim to emphasize the close relationship between miRNA and UC as well as to propose that the field has value for developing potential biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Shen
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Center for Health Policy & Drug Affairs Operation Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Simin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Jonaitis P, Kiudelis V, Streleckiene G, Gedgaudas R, Skieceviciene J, Kupcinskas J. Novel Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Gastrointestinal Diseases. Dig Dis 2021; 40:1-13. [PMID: 33647906 DOI: 10.1159/000515522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various noninvasive biomarkers have been used in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of different gastrointestinal (GI) diseases for years. Novel technological developments and profound perception of molecular processes related to GI diseases over the last decade have allowed researchers to evaluate genetic, epigenetic, and many other potential molecular biomarkers in different diseases and clinical settings. Here, we present a review of recent and most relevant articles in order to summarize major findings on novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of benign and malignant GI diseases. SUMMARY Genetic variations, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and microbiome-based biomarkers have been extensively analyzed as potential biomarkers in benign and malignant GI diseases. Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been linked with a number of GI diseases, and these observations are further being used to build up disease-specific genetic risk scores. Micro-RNAs and long ncRNAs have a large potential as noninvasive biomarkers in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases and GI tumors. Altered microbiome profiles were observed in multiple GI diseases, but most of the findings still lack translational clinical application. As of today, cfDNA appears to be the most potent biomarker for early detection and screening of GI cancers. Key Messages: Novel noninvasive molecular biomarkers show huge potential as useful tools in the diagnostics and management of different GI diseases. However, the use of these biomarkers in real-life clinical practice still remains limited, and further large studies are needed to elucidate the ultimate role of these potential noninvasive clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Jonaitis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Kiudelis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Streleckiene
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Gedgaudas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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WANG H, HU Y. CircRNA malignant fibrous histiocytoma amplified Sequence 1 (MFHAS1) reduced inflammatory responses in a Colitis Model via SIRT1/NF-κB. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.29220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong WANG
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Ying HU
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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9
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Li C, Grider JR, Murthy KS, Bohl J, Rivet E, Wieghard N, Kuemmerle JF. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Subepithelial Myofibroblasts Increases the TGF-β1 Activity That Regulates Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:809-819. [PMID: 32031621 PMCID: PMC7324000 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an essential response of epithelial and immune cells to inflammation in Crohn's disease. The presence and mechanisms that might regulate the ER stress response in subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs) and its role in the development of fibrosis in patients with Crohn's disease have not been examined. METHODS Subepithelial myofibroblasts were isolated from the affected ileum and normal ileum of patients with each Montreal phenotype of Crohn's disease and from normal ileum in non-Crohn's subjects. Binding of GRP78 to latent TGF-β1 and its subcellular trafficking was examined using proximity ligation-hybridization assay (PLA). The effects of XBP1 and ATF6 on TGF-β1 expression were measured using DNA-ChIP and luciferase reporter assay. Endoplasmic reticulum stress components, TGF-β1, and collagen levels were analyzed in SEMF transfected with siRNA-mediated knockdown of DNMT1 and GRP78 or with DNMT1 inhibitor 5-Azacytidine or with overexpression of miR-199a-5p. RESULTS In SEMF of strictured ileum from patients with B2 Crohn's disease, expression of ER stress sensors increased significantly. Tunicamycin elicited time-dependent increase in GRP78 protein levels, direct interaction with latent TGF-β1, and activated TGF-β1 signaling. The TGFB1 DNA-binding activity of ATF-6α and XBP1 were significantly increased and elicited increased TGFB1 transcription in SEMF-isolated from affected ileum. The levels of ER stress components, TGF-β1, and collagen expression in SEMF were significantly decreased following knockdown of DNMT1 or GRP78 by 5-Azacytidine treatment or overexpression of miR-199a-5p. CONCLUSIONS Endoplasmic reticulum stress is present in SEMF of patients susceptible to fibrostenotic Crohn's disease and can contribute to development of fibrosis. Targeting ER stress may represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent fibrosis in patients with fibrostenotic Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Address correspondence to: Chao Li, MD, MS, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 E Broad St, MMRB 6036, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. E-mail:
| | - John R Grider
- VCU Program for Enteric Neurosciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Karnam S Murthy
- VCU Program for Enteric Neurosciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jaime Bohl
- Department of surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal surgery, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Emily Rivet
- Department of surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal surgery, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nicole Wieghard
- Department of surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal surgery, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John F Kuemmerle
- VCU Program for Enteric Neurosciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Hossian AKMN, Mackenzie GG, Mattheolabakis G. miRNAs in gastrointestinal diseases: can we effectively deliver RNA-based therapeutics orally? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2873-2889. [PMID: 31735124 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics are evaluated for their potential of treating a plethora of diseases, including cancer and inflammation. Short nucleic acids, such as miRNAs, have emerged as versatile regulators for gene expression and are studied for therapeutic purposes. However, their inherent instability in vivo following enteral and parenteral administration has prompted the development of novel methodologies for their delivery. Although research on the oral delivery of siRNAs is progressing, with the development and utilization of promising carrier-based methodologies for the treatment of a plethora of gastrointestinal diseases, research on miRNA-based oral therapeutics is lagging behind. In this review, we present the potential role of miRNAs in diseases of the GI tract, and analyze current research and the cardinal features of the novel carrier systems used for nucleic acid oral delivery that can be expanded for oral miRNA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Nawshad Hossian
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | | | - George Mattheolabakis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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11
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Cell-Free Nucleic Acids and their Emerging Role in the Pathogenesis and Clinical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153662. [PMID: 31357438 PMCID: PMC6696129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs) are defined as any nucleic acids that are present outside the cell. They represent valuable biomarkers in various diagnostic protocols such as prenatal diagnostics, the detection of cancer, and cardiovascular or autoimmune diseases. However, in the current literature, little is known about their implication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a group of multifactorial, autoimmune, and debilitating diseases with increasing incidence worldwide. Despite extensive research, their etiology and exact pathogenesis is still unclear. Since cfNAs were observed in other autoimmune diseases and appear to be relevant in inflammatory processes, their role in the pathogenesis of IBD has also been suggested. This review provides a summary of knowledge from the available literature about cfDNA and cfRNA and the structures involving them such as exosomes and neutrophil extracellular traps and their association with IBD. Current studies showed the promise of cfNAs in the management of IBD not only as biomarkers distinguishing patients from healthy people and differentiating active from inactive disease state, but also as a potential therapeutic target. However, the detailed biological characteristics of cfNAs need to be fully elucidated in future experimental and clinical studies.
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