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Functional stability of vegetation following biocontrol of an invasive riparian shrub. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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2
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Crabtree SA, Dunne JA. Towards a science of archaeoecology. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:976-984. [PMID: 36055892 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We propose defining a field of research called 'archaeoecology' that examines the past ~60 000 years of interactions between humans and ecosystems to better understand the human place within them. Archaeoecology explicitly integrates questions, data, and approaches from archaeology and ecology, and coalesces recent and future studies that demonstrate the usefulness of integrating archaeological, environmental, and ecological data for understanding the past. Defining a subfield of archaeoecology, much as the related fields of environmental archaeology and palaeoecology have emerged as distinct areas of research, provides a clear intellectual context for helping us to understand the trajectory of human-ecosystem interactions in the past, during the present, and into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani A Crabtree
- Department of Environment and Society, College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, 5200 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5200, USA; The Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5205 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5200, USA; Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia; Crow Canyon Research Institute, 23390 County Road K, Cortez, CO 81321, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Dunne
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.
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3
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Recent Progress on the Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Application of Tamarisk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063325. [PMID: 35328745 PMCID: PMC8950588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinized soil is a major environmental stress affecting plant growth and development. Excessive salt in the soil inhibits the growth of most plants and even threatens their survival. Halophytes are plants that can grow and develop normally on saline-alkali soil due to salt tolerance mechanisms that emerged during evolution. For this reason, halophytes are used as pioneer plants for improving and utilizing saline land. Tamarisk, a family of woody halophytes, is highly salt tolerant and has high economic value. Understanding the mechanisms of salt tolerance in tamarisk and identifying the key genes involved are important for improving saline land and increasing the salt tolerance of crops. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the salt tolerance mechanisms of tamarisk and the economic and medicinal value of this halophyte.
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4
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Stahlke AR, Bitume EV, Özsoy ZA, Bean DW, Veillet A, Clark MI, Clark EI, Moran P, Hufbauer RA, Hohenlohe PA. Hybridization and range expansion in tamarisk beetles ( Diorhabda spp.) introduced to North America for classical biological control. Evol Appl 2022; 15:60-77. [PMID: 35126648 PMCID: PMC8792477 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global rise of human-mediated translocations and invasions, it is critical to understand the genomic consequences of hybridization and mechanisms of range expansion. Conventional wisdom is that high genetic drift and loss of genetic diversity due to repeated founder effects will constrain introduced species. However, reduced genetic variation can be countered by behavioral aspects and admixture with other distinct populations. As planned invasions, classical biological control (biocontrol) agents present important opportunities to understand the mechanisms of establishment and spread in a novel environment. The ability of biocontrol agents to spread and adapt, and their effects on local ecosystems, depends on genomic variation and the consequences of admixture in novel environments. Here, we use a biocontrol system to examine the genome-wide outcomes of introduction, spread, and hybridization in four cryptic species of a biocontrol agent, the tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinata, D. carinulata, D. elongata, and D. sublineata), introduced from six localities across Eurasia to control the invasive shrub tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) in western North America. We assembled a de novo draft reference genome and applied RADseq to over 500 individuals across laboratory cultures, the native ranges, and the introduced range. Despite evidence of a substantial genetic bottleneck among D. carinulata in N. America, populations continue to establish and spread, possibly due to aggregation behavior. We found that D. carinata, D. elongata, and D. sublineata hybridize in the field to varying extents, with D. carinata × D. sublineata hybrids being the most abundant. Genetic diversity was greater at sites with hybrids, highlighting potential for increased ability to adapt and expand. Our results demonstrate the complex patterns of genomic variation that can result from introduction of multiple ecotypes or species for biocontrol, and the importance of understanding them to predict and manage the effects of biocontrol agents in novel ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Stahlke
- Initiative for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary StudiesDepartment of Biological SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS)Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Bee Research LaboratoryBeltsvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Ellyn V. Bitume
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS), Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research UnitAlbanyCaliforniaUSA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (USDA‐FS), Pacific Southwest, Institute of Pacific Islands ForestryHiloHawaiiUSA
| | - Zeynep A. Özsoy
- Department of Biological SciencesColorado Mesa UniversityGrand JunctionColoradoUSA
| | - Dan W. Bean
- Colorado Department of AgriculturePalisadeColoradoUSA
| | - Anne Veillet
- Initiative for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary StudiesDepartment of Biological SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
| | - Meaghan I. Clark
- Department of Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Eliza I. Clark
- Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Patrick Moran
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS), Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research UnitAlbanyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ruth A. Hufbauer
- Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Paul A. Hohenlohe
- Initiative for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary StudiesDepartment of Biological SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
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5
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Hultine KR, Allan GJ, Blasini D, Bothwell HM, Cadmus A, Cooper HF, Doughty CE, Gehring CA, Gitlin AR, Grady KC, Hull JB, Keith AR, Koepke DF, Markovchick L, Corbin Parker JM, Sankey TT, Whitham TG. Adaptive capacity in the foundation tree species Populus fremontii: implications for resilience to climate change and non-native species invasion in the American Southwest. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa061. [PMID: 32685164 PMCID: PMC7359000 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood) is recognized as one of the most important foundation tree species in the southwestern USA and northern Mexico because of its ability to structure communities across multiple trophic levels, drive ecosystem processes and influence biodiversity via genetic-based functional trait variation. However, the areal extent of P. fremontii cover has declined dramatically over the last century due to the effects of surface water diversions, non-native species invasions and more recently climate change. Consequently, P. fremontii gallery forests are considered amongst the most threatened forest types in North America. In this paper, we unify four conceptual areas of genes to ecosystems research related to P. fremontii's capacity to survive or even thrive under current and future environmental conditions: (i) hydraulic function related to canopy thermal regulation during heat waves; (ii) mycorrhizal mutualists in relation to resiliency to climate change and invasion by the non-native tree/shrub, Tamarix; (iii) phenotypic plasticity as a mechanism for coping with rapid changes in climate; and (iv) hybridization between P. fremontii and other closely related Populus species where enhanced vigour of hybrids may preserve the foundational capacity of Populus in the face of environmental change. We also discuss opportunities to scale these conceptual areas from genes to the ecosystem level via remote sensing. We anticipate that the exploration of these conceptual areas of research will facilitate solutions to climate change with a foundation species that is recognized as being critically important for biodiversity conservation and could serve as a model for adaptive management of arid regions in the southwestern USA and around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 North Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Gerard J Allan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 South Beaver Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Davis Blasini
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Helen M Bothwell
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Canberra ACT2601, Australia
| | - Abraham Cadmus
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 South Beaver Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Hillary F Cooper
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 South Beaver Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Chris E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, 1295 South Knoles Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 South Beaver Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Alicyn R Gitlin
- Sierra Club – Grand Canyon Chapter, 514 West Roosevelt Street, Phoenix, AZ 85003, USA
| | - Kevin C Grady
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, East Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Julia B Hull
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 South Beaver Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Arthur R Keith
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 South Beaver Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Dan F Koepke
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 North Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Lisa Markovchick
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 South Beaver Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Jackie M Corbin Parker
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 South Beaver Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Temuulen T Sankey
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, 1295 South Knoles Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 South Beaver Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Ramírez-Soria MJ, Wäckers F, Sanchez JA. When natural enemies go to sleep: diapause induction and termination in the pear psyllid predator Pilophorus gallicus (Hemiptera: Miridae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3293-3301. [PMID: 31006973 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pilophorus gallicus can establish resident populations in orchards by entering diapause in winter. We studied diapause induction and termination to predict seasonal activity and improve its management in IPM programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ramírez-Soria
- Department of Biological Pest Control and Ecosystemic Services, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario - IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
- Biobest Belgium N.V, Westerlo, Belgium
| | | | - Juan A Sanchez
- Department of Biological Pest Control and Ecosystemic Services, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario - IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
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7
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Digging mammal reintroductions reduce termite biomass and alter assemblage composition along an aridity gradient. Oecologia 2019; 191:645-656. [PMID: 31641862 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Invasions can trigger cascades in ecological communities by altering species interactions. Following the introduction of cats and foxes into Australia, one tenth of Australia's terrestrial mammal species became extinct, due to predation, while many continue to decline. The broader consequences for Australian ecosystems are poorly understood. Soil-dwelling invertebrates are likely to be affected by the loss of fossorial native mammals, which are predators and disturbance agents. Using reintroductions as a model for ecosystems prior to species loss, we tested the hypothesis that mammal reintroduction leads to reduced vegetation cover and altered termite assemblages, including declines in abundance and biomass and changed species composition. We hypothesised that the magnitude of mammal reintroduction effects would diminish with increasing aridity, which affects resource availability. We compared six paired sites inside and outside three reintroduction sanctuaries across an aridity gradient. We sampled termite assemblages using soil trenches and measured habitat availability. Reintroductions were associated with increased bare ground and reduced vegetation, compared with controls. Aridity also had an underlying influence on vegetation cover by limiting water availability. Termite abundance and biomass were lower where mammals were reintroduced and the magnitude of this effect decreased with increasing aridity. Termite abundance was highest under wood, and soil-nesting wood-feeders were most affected inside sanctuaries. Ecological cascades resulting from exotic predator invasions are thus likely to have increased termite biomass and altered termite assemblages, but impacts may be lower in less-productive habitats. Our findings have implications for reserve carrying capacities and understanding of assemblage reconstruction following ecological cascades.
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Long RW, Bush SE, Grady KC, Smith DS, Potts DL, D'Antonio CM, Dudley TL, Fehlberg SD, Gaskin JF, Glenn EP, Hultine KR. Can local adaptation explain varying patterns of herbivory tolerance in a recently introduced woody plant in North America? CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 5:cox016. [PMID: 28852513 PMCID: PMC5570027 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of woody-plant mortality have been linked to global-scale environmental changes, such as extreme drought, heat stress, more frequent and intense fires, and episodic outbreaks of insects and pathogens. Although many studies have focussed on survival and mortality in response to specific physiological stresses, little attention has been paid to the role of genetic heritability of traits and local adaptation in influencing patterns of plant mortality, especially in non-native species. Tamarix spp. is a dominant, non-native riparian tree in western North America that is experiencing dieback in some areas of its range due to episodic herbivory by the recently introduced northern tamarisk leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata). We propose that genotype × environment interactions largely underpin current and future patterns of Tamarix mortality. We anticipate that (i) despite its recent introduction, and the potential for significant gene flow, Tamarix in western North America is generally adapted to local environmental conditions across its current range in part due to hybridization of two species; (ii) local adaptation to specific climate, soil and resource availability will yield predictable responses to episodic herbivory; and (iii) the ability to cope with a combination of episodic herbivory and increased aridity associated with climate change will be largely based on functional tradeoffs in resource allocation. This review focusses on the potential heritability of plant carbon allocation patterns in Tamarix, focussing on the relative contribution of acquired carbon to non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pools versus other sinks as the basis for surviving episodic disturbance. Where high aridity and/or poor edaphic position lead to chronic stress, NSC pools may fall below a minimum threshold because of an imbalance between the supply of carbon and its demand by various sinks. Identifying patterns of local adaptation of traits related to resource allocation will improve forecasting of Tamarix population susceptibility to episodic herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall W. Long
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Bldg 520, RM 4001, Fl 4L, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Susan E. Bush
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Kevin C. Grady
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - David S. Smith
- Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer and Scripps Colleges, 925 N. Mills Ave, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Daniel L. Potts
- Biology Department, SUNY Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA
| | - Carla M. D'Antonio
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Tom L. Dudley
- Marine Science Institute, University of California-Santa Barbara, Bldg 520, RM 4001, Fl 4L, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Shannon D. Fehlberg
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - John F. Gaskin
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1500 North Central Avenue, Sidney, MT 59270, USA
| | - Edward P. Glenn
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, 1428 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Kevin R. Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
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9
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Madliger CL, Cooke SJ, Crespi EJ, Funk JL, Hultine KR, Hunt KE, Rohr JR, Sinclair BJ, Suski CD, Willis CKR, Love OP. Success stories and emerging themes in conservation physiology. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cov057. [PMID: 27382466 PMCID: PMC4922248 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The potential benefits of physiology for conservation are well established and include greater specificity of management techniques, determination of cause-effect relationships, increased sensitivity of health and disturbance monitoring and greater capacity for predicting future change. While descriptions of the specific avenues in which conservation and physiology can be integrated are readily available and important to the continuing expansion of the discipline of 'conservation physiology', to date there has been no assessment of how the field has specifically contributed to conservation success. However, the goal of conservation physiology is to foster conservation solutions and it is therefore important to assess whether physiological approaches contribute to downstream conservation outcomes and management decisions. Here, we present eight areas of conservation concern, ranging from chemical contamination to invasive species to ecotourism, where physiological approaches have led to beneficial changes in human behaviour, management or policy. We also discuss the shared characteristics of these successes, identifying emerging themes in the discipline. Specifically, we conclude that conservation physiology: (i) goes beyond documenting change to provide solutions; (ii) offers a diversity of physiological metrics beyond glucocorticoids (stress hormones); (iii) includes approaches that are transferable among species, locations and times; (iv) simultaneously allows for human use and benefits to wildlife; and (v) is characterized by successes that can be difficult to find in the primary literature. Overall, we submit that the field of conservation physiology has a strong foundation of achievements characterized by a diversity of conservation issues, taxa, physiological traits, ecosystem types and spatial scales. We hope that these concrete successes will encourage the continued evolution and use of physiological tools within conservation-based research and management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Madliger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4
- Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4. Tel: +1 519 253 3000.
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Erica J. Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Funk
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Kevin R. Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Hunt
- John H. Prescott Marine Laboratory, Research Department, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Jason R. Rohr
- Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Cory D. Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Craig K. R. Willis
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9
| | - Oliver P. Love
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4
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