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Limratana P, Maisat W, Tsai A, Yuki K. Perioperative Factors and Radiographic Severity Scores for Predicting the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation After Arterial Switch Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:992-1005. [PMID: 38365467 PMCID: PMC10947876 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during the neonatal period can cause perioperative organ injuries. The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative mechanical ventilation duration and acute lung injury after the arterial switch operation (ASO). The secondary aim was to examine the utility of the Brixia score for characterizing postoperative acute lung injury (ALI). DESIGN A retrospective study. SETTING A single-center university hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 93 neonates with transposition of great arteries with intact ventricular septum (dTGA IVS) underwent ASO. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS From January 2015 to December 2022, 93 neonates with dTGA IVS were included in the study. The cohort had a median age of 4.0 (3.0-5.0) days and a mean weight of 3.3 ± 0.5 kg. About 63% of patients had ≥48 hours of postoperative mechanical ventilation after ASO. Risk factors included prematurity, post-CPB transfusion of salvaged red cells, platelets and cryoprecipitate, and postoperative fluid balance by univariate analysis. The larger transfused platelet volume was associated with the risk of ALI by multivariate analysis. The median baseline Brixia scores were 11.0 (9.0-12.0) and increased significantly in the postoperative day 1 in patients who developed moderate ALI 24 hours after admission to the intensive care unit (15.0 [13.0-16.0] v 12.0 [10.0-14.0], p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Arterial switch operation results in a high incidence of ≥48-hour postoperative mechanical ventilation. Blood component transfusion is a potentially modifiable risk factor. The Brixia scores also may be used to characterize postoperative acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panop Limratana
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiriya Maisat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andy Tsai
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Dou D, Jia Y, Yuan S, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang H, Ding J, Wu X, Bie D, Liu Q, An R, Yan H, Yan F. The protocol of Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery (ERACS) in congenital heart disease: a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:22. [PMID: 38183047 PMCID: PMC10768436 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery (ERACS) programs are comprehensive multidisciplinary interventions to improve patients' recovery. The application of the ERAS principle in pediatric patients has not been identified completely. METHODS This study is a multicenter, stepwise design, cluster randomized controlled trial. 3030 patients presenting during control and intervention periods are eligible if they are aged from 28 days to 6 years old and awaiting elective correction surgery of congenital heart disease with cardiopulmonary bypass. 5 centers are randomly assigned to staggered start dates for one-way crossover from the control phase to the intervention phase. In the intervention periods, patients will receive a bundle strategy including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative approaches. During the control phase, patients receive the usual care. The primary outcome consists of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and acute kidney injury (AKI). DISCUSSION This study aims to explore whether the bundle of ERAS measurements could improve patients' recovery in congenital heart surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov . (NCT05914103).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Dou
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Su Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Research & Biometrics Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hongbai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xie Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Dongyun Bie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Haoqi Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Fuxia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeilishiRd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Qiu YQ, Zhuang LP, Wu PY, Zhong LY, Zhong XH, Chen B, Liu ZK, Luo HR, Yang LP. Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Renal Function in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgery Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023:S1053-0770(23)00243-4. [PMID: 37179127 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative renal function was investigated in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. SETTING University teaching, grade A tertiary hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 70 patients scheduled to undergo cardiac valve replacement or valvuloplasty under CPB were eligible and randomly divided into groups D (n = 35) and C (n = 35) between January 2020 and March 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients in group D were administered 0.6 μg/kg/h of dexmedetomidine intravenously from 10 minutes before anesthesia induction to 6 hours after surgery; normal saline was used instead of dexmedetomidine in group C. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcome was the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Acute kidney injury was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (2012). It was 22.86% and 48.57% in groups D and C, respectively (p = 0.025). The secondary outcomes were intraoperative hemodynamics and various indices in serum. Ten minutes before CPB (T1), 10 minutes after CPB (T2), and 30 minutes after CPB (T3), mean arterial pressure in group D was lower than that in group C, with statistical significance (74.94 ± 8.52 v 81.89 ± 13.66 mmHg, p=0.013; 62.83 ± 11.27 v 71.86 ± 7.89 mmHg, p < 0.001; 72.26 ± 8.75 v 78.57 ± 8.83 mmHg, p = 0.004). At T1, the heart rate in group D was significantly lower than in group C (80.89 ± 14.04 v 95.54 ± 12.53 bpm, p=0.022). The tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and cystatin C levels in group D were lower than those in group C after the surgery (T4) and 24 hours after surgery (T5), with statistical significance. The duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive-care-unit stay time, and hospital stay time in group D were significantly shorter than in group C. The incidences of tachycardia, hypertension, nausea, and vomiting in group D were similar to those in group C. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine may be considered as a way to reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative AKI in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Anesthesiology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lv-Ping Zhuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Wu
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Sports Function Evaluation of General Administration of Sports of the People's Republic of China, School of PE and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Liu
- Sports Teaching and Research Department, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Rong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Long DA, Gibbons KS, Stocker C, Ranger M, Alphonso N, Le Marsney R, Dow B, Schults JA, Graydon C, Shehabi Y, Schibler A. Perioperative dexmedetomidine compared to midazolam in children undergoing open-heart surgery: A pilot randomised controlled trial. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2023; 25:33-42. [PMID: 37876986 PMCID: PMC10581262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccrj.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective There is a need for evidence on the best sedative agents in children undergoing open heart surgery for congenital heart disease. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of dexmedetomidine in this group compared with midazolam. Design Double blinded, pilot randomized controlled trial. Setting Cardiac operating theatre and paediatric intensive care unit in Brisbane, Australia. Participants Infants (≤12 months of age) undergoing their first surgical repair of a congenital heart defect. Interventions Dexmedetomidine (up to 1.0mcg/kg/hr) versus midazolam (up to 80mcg/kg/hr), commenced in the cardiac operating theatre prior to surgery. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the time spent in light sedation (Sedation Behavior Scale [SBS] -1 to +1); Co-primary feasibility outcome was recruitment, retention and protocol adherence. Secondary outcomes were use of supplemental sedatives, ventilator free days, delirium, vasoactive drug support, and adverse events. Neurodevelopment and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed at 12 months post-surgery. Results Sixty-six participants were recruited. The number of SBS scores in the light sedation range were greater in the dexmedetomidine group at 24 hours, 48 hours, and overall study duration (0-14 days) versus the midazolam group (24hr: 76/170 [45%] vs 60/178 [34%], aOR 4.14 [95% CI 0.48, 35.92]; 48hr: 154/298 [52%] vs 122/314 [39%], aOR 6.95 [95% CI 0.77, 63.13]; 0-14 days: 597/831 [72%] vs 527/939 [56%], aOR 3.93 [95% CI 0.62, 25.03]). Feasibility was established with no withdrawals or loss to follow-up at 14 days and minimal protocol deviations. There were no differences between the groups relating to clinical, safety, neurodevelopment or HRQoL outcomes. Conclusions The use of dexmedetomidine was associated with more time spent in light sedation when compared with midazolam. The feasibility of conducting a blinded RCT of midazolam and dexmedetomidine in children undergoing open heart surgery was also established. The findings justify further investigation in a larger trial. Clinical trial registration ACTRN12615001304527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie A. Long
- School of Nursing, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristen S. Gibbons
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Christian Stocker
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Michael Ranger
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Queensland Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Nelson Alphonso
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Queensland Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Renate Le Marsney
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Belinda Dow
- School of Nursing, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Schults
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Cameron Graydon
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Queensland Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Yahya Shehabi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Andreas Schibler
- Wesley Medical Research Institute, Australia
- Critical Care Research Group, St. Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, Australia
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Altun D, Arnaz A, Doğan A, Yalçinbaş Y, Türköz R, Oktay A, Yüksek A, Altun D, Sarıoğlu T. A retrospective analysis of dexmedetomidine and morphine in the fast-track and ultra-fast-track extubation protocol after congenital cardiac surgery. J Card Surg 2022; 37:4234-4242. [PMID: 35880442 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY After congenital cardiac surgery, the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) is related to the clinical status, type of operation, and the sedative-analgesic agents used postoperatively. This study aims to examine the effects of dexmedetomidine and morphine on the fast-track extubation (FTE) and ultra-fast-track extubation (UFTE) protocol after congenital cardiac surgery. METHODS A total of 251 pediatric patients were divided into two groups: 118 patients in the morphine group (Group M) and 133 patients in the dexmedetomidine group (Group D). We retrospectively reviewed medical data including hemodynamic parameters, duration of MV and cardiovascular intensive care unit (CICU), additional sedative/analgesic requirement, adverse events, the need for reintubation, and noninvasive MV, sedation, and pain scores. RESULTS The mean mechanical ventilation duration of Group D was significantly shorter than Group M (3.74 ± 0.83 h in Group D, 5.72 ± 1.54 h in Group M, respectively) (p = .001; p < .05). In Group D, the success rate of FTE was 92.5% (n = 123) and UFTE was 7.5% (n = 10) (p = .001). In Group M, the success rate of FTE was 72.9% (n = 86) and UFTE was 0% (n = 0) (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine and morphine have clinical benefits which encourage their use for FTE protocol. Dexmedetomidine has more benefits compared to morphine. It can be used in UFTE protocol, besides its use in FTE protocol with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Altun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Arnaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Doğan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Acıbadem Bakırköy Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yalçinbaş
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Acıbadem Bakırköy Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rıza Türköz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Acıbadem Bakırköy Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayla Oktay
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Acıbadem Bakırköy Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yüksek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Acıbadem Bakırköy Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Demet Altun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayyar Sarıoğlu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Scharoun J, Rong LQ. The evolving role of dexmedetomidine in pediatric cardiac surgery: Beyond anxiolysis. J Card Surg 2022; 37:4243-4245. [PMID: 35748296 PMCID: PMC9789201 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Scharoun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Q. Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
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Fuller S, Kumar SR, Roy N, Mahle WT, Romano JC, Nelson JS, Hammel JM, Imamura M, Zhang H, Fremes SE, McHugh-Grant S, Nicolson SC. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Congenital Cardiac Surgery Working Group 2021 consensus document on a comprehensive perioperative approach to enhanced recovery after pediatric cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 162:931-954. [PMID: 34059337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fuller
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - S Ram Kumar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif.
| | - Nathalie Roy
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - William T Mahle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Jennifer C Romano
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Jennifer S Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Services, Nemours Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Fla
| | - James M Hammel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital and Medical Center of Omaha, Omaha, Neb
| | - Michiaki Imamura
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen E Fremes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara McHugh-Grant
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Susan C Nicolson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Penn
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Dexmedetomidine Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Cell Apoptosis through the Trx1-Dependent Akt Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8979270. [PMID: 33299886 PMCID: PMC7710428 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8979270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) was reported to reduce oxidative stress and protect against myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the molecular mechanism involved in its antioxidant property is not fully elucidated. The present study was aimed at investigating whether the Trx1/Akt pathway participated in the cardioprotective effect of Dex. In the present study, I/R-induced myocardial injury in isolated rat hearts and OGD/R-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes were established. Our findings suggested that Dex ameliorated myocardial I/R injury by improving cardiac function, reducing myocardial apoptosis and oxidative stress, which was manifested by increased GSH and SOD contents, decreased ROS level, and MDA generation in both the isolated rat hearts and OGD/R-treated H9C2 cells. More importantly, it was found that the level of Trx1 was preserved, and Akt phosphorylation was significantly upregulated by Dex treatment. However, these effects of Dex were abolished by PX-12 (a specific Trx1 inhibitor) administration. Taken together, this study suggests that Dex plays a protective role in myocardial I/R injury, improves cardiac function, and relieves oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, our results present a novel signaling mechanism that the cardioprotective effect of Dex is at least partly achieved through the Trx1-dependent Akt pathway.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically describe the use of dexmedetomidine as a treatment regimen for prolonged sedation in children and perform a meta-analysis of its safety profile. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and CINAHL were searched from inception to November 30, 2018. STUDY SELECTION We included studies involving hospitalized critically ill patients less than or equal to 18 years old receiving dexmedetomidine for prolonged infusion (≥ 24 hr). DATA EXTRACTION Data extraction included study characteristics, patient demographics, modality of dexmedetomidine use, associated analgesia and sedation details, comfort and withdrawal evaluation scales, withdrawal symptoms, and side effects. DATA SYNTHESIS Literature search identified 32 studies, including a total of 3,267 patients. Most of the studies were monocentric (91%) and retrospective (88%); one was a randomized trial. Minimum and maximum infusion dosages varied from 0.1-0.5 µg/kg/hr to 0.3-2.5 µg/kg/hr, respectively. The mean/median duration range was 25-540 hours. The use of a loading bolus was reported in eight studies (25%) (range, 0.5-1 µg/kg), the mode of weaning in 11 (34%), and the weaning time in six of 11 (55%; range, 9-96 hr). The pooled prevalence of bradycardia was 2.6% (n = 10 studies; 14/387 patients; 95% CI, 0.3-7.3; I = 75%), the pooled prevalence incidence of bradycardia was 2.6% (n = 10 studies; 14/387 patients; 95% CI, 0.3-7.3; I = 75%), the pooled incidence of hypotension was 6.1% (n = 8 studies; 19/304 patients; 95% CI, 0.8-15.9; I = 84%). Three studies (9%) reported side effects' onset time which in all cases was within 12 hours of the infusion starting. CONCLUSIONS High-quality data on dexmedetomidine use for prolonged sedation and a consensus on correct dosing and weaning protocols in children are currently missing. Infusion of dexmedetomidine can be considered relatively safe in pediatrics even when longer than 24 hours.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review We briefly review post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and the morbidities associated with critical illness that led to the intensive care unit (ICU) liberation movement. We review each element of the ICU liberation bundle, including pediatric support data, as well as tips and strategies for implementation in a pediatric ICU (PICU) setting. Recent Findings Numerous studies have found children have cognitive, physical, and psychiatric deficits after a PICU stay. The effects of the full ICU liberation bundle in children have not been published, but in adults, bundle implementation (even partial) resulted in significant improvement in survival, mechanical ventilation use, coma, delirium, restraint-free care, ICU readmissions, and post-ICU discharge disposition. Summary Although initially described in adults, children also suffer from PICS. The ICU liberation bundle is feasible in children and may ameliorate the effects of a PICU stay. Further studies are needed to characterize the benefits of the ICU liberation bundle in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Walz
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Marguerite Orsi Canter
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY USA
| | - Kristina Betters
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Doctors Office Tower 5114, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Kleiman
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ken B Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Nasr VG, Gottlieb EA, Adler AC, Evans MA, Sawardekar A, DiNardo JA, Mossad EB, Mittnacht AJ. Selected 2018 Highlights in Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:2833-2842. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, ultrafast-track anesthesia with on-table extubation and concepts of accelerated postoperative care have gained increasing support in pediatric congenital cardiac surgery. It is believed that such approaches might ideally combine economic benefits with a striving for continuous improvement of patient outcomes. The present review summarizes the role of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in this setting. RECENT FINDINGS DEX is a clinical multipurpose drug that mediates its diverse responses through the activation of α2-adrenoreceptors. In pediatric cardiac surgery it has various applications. Used as a premedication, DEX provides arousable sedation and anxiolysis. As an intraoperative adjunctive agent of balanced general anesthesia the primary objectives for its administration are attenuation of the neuro-humoral stress response and facilitation of early extubation. During ICU treatment DEX spares opioids, prevents the risk of postoperative delirium or emergence agitation and impacts on important patient-centered outcomes, such as duration of mechanical ventilation, restart of enteral nutrition or length of ICU stay. SUMMARY Due to a favorable mix of beneficial physiologic actions and a limited adverse effect profile, DEX is established in the perioperative pediatric cardiac surgery setting. However, evidence from high-quality randomized controlled trials on the effects of supplemental DEX on meaningful patient outcomes is scarce, and research on the role of DEX in providing cardioprotection, neuroprotection, or renoprotection is still at its beginning. DEX has developed to one of the main agents in the armamentarium of cardiac anesthesiologists and pediatric intensivists, but it should not be regarded as the new 'magic bullet'.
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Liu RZ, Li BT, Zhao GQ. Efficacy of different analgesic or sedative drug therapies in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing surgery: a network meta-analysis. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:235-245. [PMID: 31016566 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is an effective therapy for congenital heart disease (CHD) and the management after surgery poses challenges for the clinical workers. We performed this network meta-analysis to enhance the corresponding evidence with respect to the relative efficacy of different drug treatments applied after the CHD surgery. METHODS Embase and PubMed were systematically retrieved to identify all published controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of drugs for patients up to 25 August, 2018. Mean differences (MD), odds ratios and their 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were used to evaluate multi-aspect comparisons. Surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to analyze the relative ranking of different treatments in each endpoint. RESULTS Compared to saline, all the drugs achieved better preference under the efficacy endpoints except fentanyl in JET. As for ventilator time, all drugs were more effective than saline while only the difference of dexmedetomidine was statistically obvious (MD = 6.92, 95% CrIs 1.77-12.54). Under the endpoint of ICU time, dexmedetomidine was superior to saline as well (MD = 1.26, 95% CrIs 0.11-2.45). When all the endpoints were taken into consideration and with the help of ranking probabilities and SUCRA values, fentanyl combined with dexmedetomidine was one of the recommended drugs due to its shorter time on ventilator and stay in hospital as well as lower mortality. CONCLUSIONS Overall, based on the comprehensive consideration of all the endpoints, fentanyl combined with dexmedetomidine was considered to be the best-recommended clinical interventions among all the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Bing-Tong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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