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Ding D, Ekelund U. From London buses to activity trackers: A reflection of 70 years of physical activity research. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:736-738. [PMID: 38851584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo 0806, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0213, Norway
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Ding D, Hallal PC, DiPietro L, Bill Kohl HW. A Quick Guide for Becoming a Better Peer Reviewer. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:989-992. [PMID: 37704196 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- The Charles Perkins Center, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Loretta DiPietro
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Harold W Bill Kohl
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Arjuman A. A perspective on new dilemmas in scientific publishing in the time of a pandemic. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 45:100366. [PMID: 37019728 PMCID: PMC10069637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic exerted manifold pressures on the public health framework globally, but it also in a way unified different genres and allowed for strategizing and implementing regulatory decisions as best as possible, especially in India. There is an unmet need for such a unified and integrative approach in the area of scientific publishing which has also been touched by various dilemmas, either emergent or propagated during this pandemic. OBJECTIVES This article intends to re-visit some of the dilemmas in scientific publishing, which have taken centre stage owing to a healthcare emergency, with the objective of highlighting an unmet need for developing unified criteria for research conduction and publishing from a futuristic view point, as one is not without the other. CONTENT While a fast track delivery of research data has been a priority for research journals, the due pressures in the process management of the same while skimming the ethical boundaries of responsible mediation through a Journal platform has remained a challenge globally for various reasons. Furthermore, the inevitability of a healthcare emergency inadvertently led to some cumulative off-target effects including accumulation of research waste, diminishing validity of academic metrics, short data set publications, hasty zombie clinical trials publishing merely an overview of the actual data, etc, which are major issues not only for journal Editors or the research community as a whole, but also for regulatory authorities and policy makers. As a step towards future pandemic preparedness, strategizing and streamlining research and publication processes ensuing responsible reporting should be treated as a topic of paramount significance. Hence, through debating on these dilemmas as well as potential integrative approaches, unified guiding criteria in the area of scientific publishing may be developed in lieu of preparedness for such future pandemic scenarios.
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Mellor DD, Green DJ. A critical review exploring science communication of nutrition and dietetic research: a case-based approach exploring methodologies. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1468-1479. [PMID: 36752389 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition is an area of apparent disagreement among the public and experts. It is also an area which has seen a rapid increase in the number of publications in the past 40 years. With the advent of online media and social media platforms, the volume of news has also increased. This review considered five types of nutrition research and how press releases linked to publications might be reported by the media. METHODS Examples were taken from nutrition-related articles published in the areas of in vitro work, animal data, epidemiology, clinical trials and data modelling publications which had press releases deposited in online repositories (EurekAlert! and AlphaGalileo). A critical narrative of the source of the media message, estimates of its reach and any potential exaggeration or source of confusion were identified. RESULTS It was clear that research has been reported by funders, journals and researchers' institutions in ways that claim extended findings of the data beyond that reported in the manuscript. This included inferences of health benefits in humans from laboratory studies, splitting outcome data for the same exposure in epidemiological studies based on perceived public interest, using clinical trials to make media claims that would not be permitted in advertisements and claiming modelled data for cases were actual changes in numbers of cases. CONCLUSIONS It is essential that funding bodies and institutions along with academic journals apply pressure to discourage exaggeration of research. This is necessary to maintain public trust in science and ultimately improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane D Mellor
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Health and Society, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dan J Green
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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5
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Puljak L, Lund H. Definition, harms, and prevention of redundant systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2023; 12:63. [PMID: 37016459 PMCID: PMC10071231 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with other types of research, it has been stated that the extent of redundancy in systematic reviews has reached epidemic proportions. However, it was also emphasized that not all duplication is bad, that replication in research is essential, and that it can help discover unfortunate behaviors of scientists. Thus, the question is how to define a redundant systematic review, the harmful consequences of such reviews, and what we could do to prevent the unnecessary amount of this redundancy. MAIN BODY There is no consensus definition of a redundant systematic review. Also, it needs to be defined what amount of overlap between systematic reviews is acceptable and not considered a redundancy. One needs to be aware that it is possible that the authors did not intend to create a redundant systematic review. A new review on an existing topic, which is not an update, is likely justified only when it can be shown that the previous review was inadequate, for example, due to suboptimal methodology. Redundant meta-analyses could have scientific, ethical, and economic questions for researchers and publishers, and thus, they should be avoided, if possible. Potential solutions for preventing redundant reviews include the following: (1) mandatory prospective registration of systematic reviews; (2) editors and peer reviewers rejecting duplicate/redundant and inadequate reviews; (3) modifying the reporting checklists for systematic reviews; (4) developing methods for evidence-based research (EBR) monitoring; (5) defining systematic reviews; (6) defining the conclusiveness of systematic reviews; (7) exploring interventions for the adoption of methodological advances; (8) killing off zombie reviews (i.e., abandoned registered reviews); (9) better prevention of duplicate reviews at the point of registration; (10) developing living systematic reviews; and (11) education of researchers. CONCLUSIONS Disproportionate redundancy of the same or very similar systematic reviews can lead to scientific, ethical, economic, and societal harms. While it is not realistic to expect that the creation of redundant systematic reviews can be completely prevented, some preventive measures could be tested and implemented to try to reduce the problem. Further methodological research and development in this field will be welcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Puljak
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Care, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Hans Lund
- Section Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Shenchu Xie
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Javed Ali
- Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Teaford
- Department of Basic Science, Touro University, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
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Pongrácz P, Camerlink I. Unethical ‘salami slicing’ versus appropriately dividing data into multiple publications. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Lunny C, Reid EK, Neelakant T, Chen A, Zhang JH, Shinger G, Stevens A, Tasnim S, Sadeghipouya S, Adams S, Zheng YW, Lin L, Yang PH, Dosanjh M, Ngsee P, Ellis U, Shea BJ, Wright JM. A new taxonomy was developed for overlap across 'Overviews of systematic reviews': a meta-research study of research waste. Res Synth Methods 2021; 13:315-329. [PMID: 34927388 PMCID: PMC9303867 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple ‘overviews of reviews’ conducted on the same topic (“overlapping overviews”) represent a waste of research resources and can confuse clinicians making decisions amongst competing treatments. We aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of overlapping overviews. MEDLINE, Epistemonikos and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for overviews that: synthesized reviews of health interventions and conducted systematic searches. Overlap was defined as: duplication of PICO eligibility criteria, and not reported as an update nor a replication. We categorized overview topics according to 22 WHO ICD‐10 medical classifications, overviews as broad or narrow in scope, and overlap as identical, nearly identical, partial, or subsumed. Subsummation was defined as when broad overviews subsumed the populations, interventions and at least one outcome of another overview. Of 541 overviews included, 169 (31%) overlapped across similar PICO, fell within 13 WHO ICD‐10 medical classifications, and 62 topics. 148/169 (88%) overlapping overviews were broad in scope. Fifteen overviews were classified as having nearly identical overlap (9%); 123 partial overlap (73%), and 31 subsumed (18%) others. One third of overviews overlapped in content and a majority covered broad topic areas. A multiplicity of overviews on the same topic adds to the ongoing waste of research resources, time, and effort across medical disciplines. Authors of overviews can use this study and the sample of overviews to identify gaps in the evidence for future analysis, and topics that are already studied, which do not need to be duplicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Lunny
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emma K Reid
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Trish Neelakant
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
| | - Alyssa Chen
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jia He Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gavindeep Shinger
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adrienne Stevens
- Michael G. DeGroote Cochrane Canada Centre, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Tasnim
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shadi Sadeghipouya
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Adams
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Wen Zheng
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lester Lin
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pei Hsuan Yang
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manpreet Dosanjh
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Ngsee
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ursula Ellis
- Woodward Library, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beverley J Shea
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M Wright
- Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Liebe H, Hunter CJ. Ethical considerations of academic surgical research. Semin Pediatr Surg 2021; 30:151097. [PMID: 34635282 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2021.151097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethical considerations surrounding clinical research have been a topic of intense debate and discussion for many years, however, issues specific to the surgeon-scientist are rarely discussed. This article summarizes ethical issues pertinent to the surgeon-scientist including conflicts of interest, use of human biospecimens, data integrity, manuscript authorship, and mentorship for trainees. The methods include a review of the current and past literature on each of these topics with a brief overview of how it relates to the surgeon-scientist. Case examples are provided throughout to provide further discussion points related to the topic. The purpose of this review is to promote awareness of the ethical challenges that the surgeon-scientist faces when engaging in basic science research in order to spark discussion and encourage integrity and ethical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Liebe
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oklahoma Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Catherine J Hunter
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oklahoma Children's Hospital, USA.
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Agathokleous E. Mastering the scientific peer review process: tips for young authors from a young senior editor. JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 2021; 33:1-20. [PMID: 34545272 PMCID: PMC8443951 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-021-01388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Are you a student at a higher institution or an early-career researcher who is striving to understand and master the peer review process so to increase the odds of getting a paper published in the Journal of Forestry Research or another reputable, peer-reviewed, scientific journal? In this paper, a young, senior editor provides a handbook of the peer review process based on his decadal experience in scientific publishing. He covers major information you need to know during the entire process, from selecting journals to completing the proofing of your accepted paper. He introduces key points for consideration, such as avoidance of predatory journals, dubious research practices and ethics, interaction with peers, reviewers, and editors, and the pursuit of aretê. Finally, he points out some common statistical errors and misconceptions, such as P hacking and incorrect effect size inference. He hopes that this paper will enhance your understanding and knowledge of the peer-review process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044 People’s Republic of China
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Tandaju JR, Ii W, Barati-Boldaji R, Raeisi-Dehkordi H. Meta-analysis of statin and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Reconsideration is needed. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2737-2739. [PMID: 34366177 PMCID: PMC8255189 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Tandaju
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Central Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wang Ii
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Reza Barati-Boldaji
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Identifying Researchers’ Publication Strategies by Clustering Publication and Impact Data. PUBLISHING RESEARCH QUARTERLY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12109-021-09832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Sandnes FE. Everyone onboard? Participation ratios as a metric for research activity assessments within young universities. Scientometrics 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-021-04004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Freisleben HJ, Widjaja FF, Habibzadeh F. The challenges of a small medical journal to have international recognition in Indonesia: editors' perspectives. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2021. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.ed.215313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
[No abstract available]
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Spanish Scientists' Opinion about Science and Researcher Behavior. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 24:e7. [PMID: 33541458 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2020.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We surveyed 348 Psychology and Education researchers within Spain, on issues such as their perception of a crisis in Science, their confidence in the quality of published results, and the use of questionable research practices (QRP). Their perceptions regarding pressure to publish and academic competition were also collected. The results indicate that a large proportion of the sample of Spanish academics think there is a crisis in Science, mainly due to a lack of economic investment, and doubts the quality of published findings. They also feel strong pressure to publish in high impact factor journals and a highly competitive work climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads U Werner
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Neuroscience Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gkiouras K, Nigdelis MP, Grammatikopoulou MG, Goulis DG. Tracing open data in emergencies: The case of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13323. [PMID: 32558931 PMCID: PMC7323033 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic constitutes an ongoing, burning Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). In 2015, the World Health Organization adopted an open data policy recommendation in such situations. OBJECTIVES The present cross-sectional meta-research study aimed to assess the availability of open data and metrics of articles pertaining to the COVID-19 outbreak in five high-impact journals. METHODS All articles regarding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), published in five high-impact journals (Ann Intern Med, BMJ, JAMA, NEJM and Lancet) until March 14, 2020 were retrieved. Metadata (namely the type of article, number of authors, number of patients, citations, errata, news and social media mentions) were extracted for each article in each journal in a systematic way. Google Scholar and Scopus were used for citations and author metrics respectively, and Altmetrics and PlumX were used for news and social media mentions retrieval. The degree of adherence to the PHEIC open data call was also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 140 articles were published until March 14, 2020, mostly opinion papers. Sixteen errata followed these publications. The number of authors in each article ranged from 1 to 63, whereas the number of patients with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection reached 2645. Extensive hyperauthorship was evident among case studies. The impact of these publications reached a total of 4210 cumulative crude citations and 342 790 news and social media mentions. Only one publication (0.7%) provided complete open data, while 32 (22.9%) included patient data. CONCLUSIONS Even though a large number of manuscripts was produced since the pandemic, availability of open data remains restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Meletios P Nigdelis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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