1
|
Sundell GN, Tao SC. Phage immunoprecipitation and sequencing-a versatile technique for mapping the antibody reactome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024:100831. [PMID: 39168282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the antibody reactome for circulating antibodies provide insight into pathogen exposure, allergies and autoimmune diseases. This is important for biomarker discovery, clinical diagnosis, and prognosis of disease progression, as well as population-level insights into the immune system. The emerging technology phage display immunoprecipitation and sequencing (PhIP-seq) is a high-throughput method for identifying antigens/epitopes of the antibody reactome. In PhIP-seq, libraries with sequences of defined lengths and overlapping segments are bioinformatically designed using naturally occurring proteins and cloned into phage genomes to be displayed on the surface. These libraries are used in immunoprecipitation experiments of circulating antibodies. This can be done with parallel samples from multiple sources, and the DNA inserts from the bound phages are barcoded and subjected to next-generation sequencing for hit-determination. PhIP-seq is a powerful technique for characterizing the antibody reactome that has undergone rapid advances in recent years. In this review, we comprehensively describe the history of PhIP-seq and discuss recent advances in library design and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav N Sundell
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sheng-Ce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sojar H, Baron S, Hicar MD. Identification of a mimotope of a complex gp41 Human Immunodeficiency VIrus epitope related to a non-structural protein of Hepacivirus previously implicated in Kawasaki disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600771. [PMID: 38979252 PMCID: PMC11230383 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background We have previously isolated a highly mutated VH1-02 antibody termed group C 76-Q13-6F5 (6F5) that targets a conformational epitope on gp41. 6F5 has the capacity to mediate Ab dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). When the VH1-02 group C 76 antibodies variable chain sequence was reverted to germline (76Canc), this still retained ADCC activity. Due to this ability for the 76Canc germline antibody to functionally target this epitope, we sought to identify a protein target for vaccine development. Methods Initially, we interrogated peptide targeting by screening a microarray containing 29,127 linear peptides. Western blot and ELISAs were used to confirm binding and explore human serum targeting. Autoimmune targeting was further interrogated on a yeast-displayed human protein microarray. Results 76Canc specifically recognized a number of acidic peptides. Meme analysis identified a peptide sequence similar to a non-structural protein of Hepacivirus previously implicated in Kawasaki disease (KD). Binding was confirmed to top peptides, including the Hepacivirus-related and KD-related peptide. On serum competitions studies using samples from children with KD compared to controls, targeting of this epitope showed no specific correlation to having KD. Human protein autoantigen screening was also reassuring. Conclusions This study identifies a peptide that can mimic the gp41 epitope targeted by 76C group antibodies (i.e. a mimotope). We show little risk of autoimmune targeting including any inflammation similar to KD, implying non-specific targeting of this peptide during KD. Development of such peptides as the basis for vaccination should proceed cautiously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakimuddin Sojar
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Baron
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mark D Hicar
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burns JC. The etiologies of Kawasaki disease. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e176938. [PMID: 38426498 PMCID: PMC10904046 DOI: 10.1172/jci176938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that affects young children and can result in coronary artery aneurysms. The etiology is currently unknown, but new clues from the epidemiology of KD in Japan, the country of highest incidence, are beginning to shed light on what may trigger this acute inflammatory condition. Additional clues from the global changes in KD incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with a new birth cohort study from Japan, point to the potential role of person-to-person transmission of an infectious agent. However, the rising incidence of KD in Japan, with coherent waves across the entire country, points to an increasing intensity of exposure that cannot be explained by person-to-person spread. This Review discusses new and historical observations that guide us toward a better understanding of KD etiology and explores hypotheses and interpretations that can provide direction for future investigations. Once the etiology of KD is determined, accurate diagnostic tests will become available, and new, less expensive, and more effective targeted therapies will likely be possible. Clearly, solving the mystery of the etiologies of KD remains a priority for pediatric research.
Collapse
|
4
|
Valtuille Z, Lefevre-Utile A, Ouldali N, Beyler C, Boizeau P, Dumaine C, Felix A, Assad Z, Faye A, Melki I, Kaguelidou F, Meinzer U. Calculating the fraction of Kawasaki disease potentially attributable to seasonal pathogens: a time series analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 61:102078. [PMID: 37483549 PMCID: PMC10359724 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease is an acute, febrile, systemic vasculitis of children that primarily affects medium-sized blood vessels with a tropism for the coronary arteries. Although the etiological factors remain unknown, infections have been suggested as the trigger of Kawasaki disease. We sought to calculate the fraction of Kawasaki disease potentially attributable to seasonal infections. Methods This cohort study used a population-based time series analysis from the French hospitalisation database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information), which includes all inpatients admitted to any public or private hospital in France. We included all children aged 0-17 years hospitalised for Kawasaki disease in France over 13 years. The monthly incidence of Kawasaki disease per 10,000 children over time was analysed by a quasi-Poisson regression model. The model accounted for seasonality by using harmonic terms (a pair of sines and cosines with 12-month periods). The circulation of eight common seasonal pathogens (adenovirus, influenza, metapneumovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, norovirus, rhinovirus, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Streptococcus pneumonia) over the same period was included in the model to analyse the fraction of Kawasaki disease potentially attributable to each pathogen. Infections were identified on the basis of polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen testing in hospital laboratories. Findings Between Jan 1, 2007, and Dec 31, 2019, we included 10,337 children with Kawasaki disease and 442,762 children with the selected infectious diseases. In the Kawasaki disease cohort, the median age [IQR] was 2 [0-4] years, 6164 [59.6%] were boys. Adenovirus infection was potentially responsible for 24.4% [21.5-27.8] (p < 0.001) of Kawasaki diseases, Norovirus for 6.7% [1.3-11.2] (p = 0.002), and RSV 4.6% [1.2-7.8] (p = 0.022). Sensitivity analyses found similar results. Interpretation This cohort study of data from a comprehensive national hospitalisation database indicated that approximately 35% of Kawasaki diseases was potentially attributable to seasonal infections. Funding None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaba Valtuille
- Centre of Clinical Investigations, INSERM CIC1426, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Alain Lefevre-Utile
- General Paediatrics and Paediatric Emergencies, Jean Verdier Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-93140 Paris, France
- U976 HIPI Unit, Saint-Louis Research Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Naim Ouldali
- Department of General Paediatrics, Paediatric Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Rare Paediatric Inflammatory Rheumatisms and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (RAISE), Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMR-1123, Paris, France
| | - Constance Beyler
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Priscilla Boizeau
- Centre of Clinical Investigations, INSERM CIC1426, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMR-1123, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Dumaine
- Department of General Paediatrics, Paediatric Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Rare Paediatric Inflammatory Rheumatisms and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (RAISE), Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Arthur Felix
- Department of General Paediatrics, Paediatric Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Rare Paediatric Inflammatory Rheumatisms and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (RAISE), Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Department of General Paediatrics, Competence Centre RAISE Antilles-Guyane, Martinique University Hospital, MFME. CHU de La Martinique, Fort-de France, France
| | - Zein Assad
- Department of General Paediatrics, Paediatric Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Rare Paediatric Inflammatory Rheumatisms and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (RAISE), Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMR-1123, Paris, France
| | - Albert Faye
- Department of General Paediatrics, Paediatric Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Rare Paediatric Inflammatory Rheumatisms and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (RAISE), Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMR-1123, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Melki
- Department of General Paediatrics, Paediatric Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Rare Paediatric Inflammatory Rheumatisms and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (RAISE), Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Paediatrics, Rheumatology and Paediatric Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florentia Kaguelidou
- Centre of Clinical Investigations, INSERM CIC1426, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMR-1123, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Meinzer
- Department of General Paediatrics, Paediatric Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Rare Paediatric Inflammatory Rheumatisms and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (RAISE), Robert-Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l’inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall Unit, Department of Microbiology, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rivas MN, Arditi M. Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: common inflammatory pathways of two distinct diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023. [PMCID: PMC10020039 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Guerin Children’s at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Corresponding Author: Moshe Arditi –
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee YH. Research trends on causes of Kawasaki disease in the COVID-19 era: focus on viral infections. Clin Exp Pediatr 2023; 66:1-11. [PMID: 35760413 PMCID: PMC9815937 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite studies on the etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) ongoing for half a century since its discovery, its cause has not yet been clearly identified. Although the clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological characteristics of KD are presumed to be closely related to infectious diseases, studies of various pathogens to identify its etiology have been actively conducted. To date, bacteria, fungi, and viruses have been investigated to determine the relationship between KD and infection, among which viruses have attracted the most attention. In particular, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there were many reports in Europe of a sharp increase in cases of Kawasaki-like disease (KLD), while conflicting reports that the prevalence of KD decreased due to thorough "social distancing" or "wearing mask" in Asian countries drew more attention regarding the association between KD and viral infection. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of KD from KLD with these similar spectra has become a very important issue; simultaneously, research to solve questions about the association between KD and viral infections, including sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is drawing attention again. Moreover, a new concept has emerged that immune responses occurring in patients with KD can be caused by the pathogen itself as well as host cells damaged by infection. This paper summarizes the research trends into KD etiology and related pathophysiology, especially its association with viral infections, and present future research tasks to increase our understanding of KD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding YY, Ren Y, Qin J, Qian GH, Tang YJ, Chen Y, Li X, Xu L, Qiao CH, Sun L, Lv HT. Clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease and concurrent pathogens during isolation in COVID-19 pandemic. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:263-271. [PMID: 34160770 PMCID: PMC8219783 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of Kawasaki disease (KD) and concurrent pathogens due to a stay-at-home isolation policy during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. METHODS All patients with KD admitted between February and April in 2015-2020, were classified into before (group 1, in 2015-2019) and after (group 2, in 2020) isolation groups. A total of 4742 patients [with KD (n = 98) and non-KD (n = 4644)] referred to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and virus detection were analyzed in 2020. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and 13 pathogens were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Group 2 had a significantly increased incidence of KD (0.11%) with 107 patients compared to that of group 1 (0.03%) with 493 patients. The comparisons of oral mucosal change, strawberry tongue, desquamation of the fingertips, cervical lymphadenopathy and neutrophil percentage decreased in group 2 compared to group 1. The infection rate of MP increased significantly in group 2 (34.7%) compared to group 1 (19.3%), while the positive rate of viruses decreased significantly in group 2 (5.3%) compared to group 1 (14.3%). In 2020, the positive rate of MP infection increased significantly in patients with KD compared to the increase in patients with non-KD. The infection rate of MP for younger children aged less than 3 years old was higher in group 2 than in group 1. CONCLUSION Compared with the characteristics of KD from 2015 to 2019 years, the incidence of KD was increased in 2020 and was accompanied by a high incidence of MP infection, especially in younger children (less than 3 years old) during the isolation due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Ding
- Cardiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, 12 Mid Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Cardiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Guang-Hui Qian
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Yun-Jia Tang
- Cardiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Cardiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Cardiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Cardiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Chun-Hong Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Cardiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Hai-Tao Lv
- Cardiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.
| |
Collapse
|