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Sun G, Wang G, Zhong H. Observational analysis of the immunogenicity and safety of various types of spinal muscular atrophy vaccines. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1025-1038. [PMID: 38308795 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of different types of poliovirus vaccines. METHODS A randomized, blinded, single-center, parallel-controlled design was employed, and 360 infants aged ≥ 2 months were selected as study subjects. They were randomly assigned to bOPV group (oral Sabin vaccine) and sIPV group (Sabin strain inactivated polio vaccine), with 180 infants in each group. Adverse reaction events in the vaccinated subjects were recorded. The micro-neutralization test using cell culture was conducted to determine the geometric mean titer (GMT) of neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus types I, II, and III in different groups, and the seroconversion rates were calculated. RESULTS Both groups exhibited a 100% seropositivity rate after booster immunization. The titers of neutralizing antibodies for the three types were predominantly distributed within the range of 1:128 to 1:512. The fold increase of type I antibodies differed markedly between the two groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the fold increase of type II and type III antibodies for poliovirus differed slightly between the two groups (P > 0.05). The fourfold increase rate in sIPV group was drastically superior to that in bOPV group (P < 0.05). When comparing the post-immunization GMT levels of type I antibodies in individuals who completed the full course of spinal muscular atrophy vaccination, bOPV group showed greatly inferior levels to sIPV group (P < 0.05). For type II and type III antibodies, individuals in bOPV group demonstrated drastically superior post-immunization GMT levels to those in sIPV group (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions between the bOPV and sIPV groups differed slightly (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings indicated that both the oral vaccine and inactivated vaccine had good safety and immunogenicity in infants aged ≥ 2 months. The sIPV group generated higher levels of neutralizing antibodies in serum, particularly evident in the post-immunization GMT levels for types II and III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojuan Sun
- Immunization Program Department, Daqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, 163000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Pathology Department, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, 163000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Heng Zhong
- Endocrinology Department, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, 150036, Heilongjiang, China.
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Kim CY, Piamonte B, Allen R, Thakur KT. Threat of resurgence or hope for global eradication of poliovirus? Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:229-237. [PMID: 37078665 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent outbreaks of poliomyelitis in countries that have been free of cases for decades highlight the challenges of eradicating polio in a globalized interconnected world beset with a novel viral pandemic. We provide an epidemiological update, advancements in vaccines, and amendments in public health strategy of poliomyelitis in this review. RECENT FINDINGS Last year, new cases of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) were documented in regions previously documented to have eradicated WPV1 and reports of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) and 3 (cVDPV3) in New York and Jerusalem made international headlines. Sequencing of wastewater samples from environmental surveillance revealed that the WPV1 strains were related to WPV1 lineages from endemic countries and the cVDPV2 strains from New York and Jerusalem were not only related to each other but also to environmental isolates found in London. The evidence of importation of WPV1 cases from endemic countries, and global transmission of cVDPVs justifies renewed efforts in routine vaccination programs and outbreak control measures that were interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. After the novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) received emergency authorization for containment of cVDPV2 outbreaks in 2021, subsequent reduced incidence, transmission rates, and vaccine adverse events, alongside increased genetic stability of viral isolates substantiates the safety and efficacy of nOPV2. The nOPV1 and nOPV3 vaccines, against type 1 and 3 cVDPVs, and measures to increase accessibility and efficacy of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) are in development. SUMMARY A revised strategy utilizing more genetically stable vaccine formulations, with uninterrupted vaccination programs and continued active surveillance optimizes the prospect of global poliomyelitis eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Y Kim
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bernadeth Piamonte
- University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rebecca Allen
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Kiran T Thakur
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Thompson KM, Kalkowska DA, Badizadegan K. Oral polio vaccine stockpile modeling: insights from recent experience. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:813-825. [PMID: 37747090 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2263096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving polio eradication requires ensuring the delivery of sufficient supplies of the right vaccines to the right places at the right times. Despite large global markets, decades of use, and large quantity purchases of polio vaccines by national immunization programs and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), forecasting demand for the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) stockpile remains challenging. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We review OPV stockpile experience compared to pre-2016 expectations, actual demand, and changes in GPEI policies related to the procurement and use of type 2 OPV vaccines. We use available population and immunization schedule data to explore polio vaccine market segmentation, and its role in polio vaccine demand forecasting. RESULTS We find that substantial challenges remain in forecasting polio vaccine needs, mainly due to (1) deviations in implementation of plans that formed the basis for earlier forecasts, (2) lack of alignment of tactics/objectives among GPEI partners and other key stakeholders, (3) financing, and (4) uncertainty about development and licensure timelines for new polio vaccines and their field performance characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Mismatches between supply and demand over time have led to negative consequences associated with both oversupply and undersupply, as well as excess costs and potentially preventable cases.
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Deng Y, Yi L, Li Y, Zhao Z, Zhong Z, Shi H, Li J, Liang Y, Yang J. Safety evaluation on concomitant immunization with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine produced from Sabin strains and other vaccines (from 2015 to 2020). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2041944. [PMID: 35258415 PMCID: PMC9009915 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2041944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the safety of concomitantly administering inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine produced from Sabin strains (sIPVs) with other vaccines. Methods A descriptive analysis was carried out on adverse events following immunization (AEFI) based on the administration of sIPV alone or concomitant with other vaccines (from 2015 to 2020) using data from the national AEFI surveillance system of China (CNAEFIS). All adverse reactions (ADRs) of the concomitant immunization were coded using a medical dictionary for regulatory activities (MedDRA) before comparison. Results The CNAEFIS reported a total of 9130 sIPV-related AEFI cases, including 6842 AEFI cases collected after immunization with sIPV alone and 2288 AEFI cases collected after immunization of sIPV concomitant with other vaccines. The combination of sIPV with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine (DTaP) was correlated with the highest frequency of AEFI, which accounted for 53.50% of all 2288 AEFI cases. After MedDRA-based coding, the most frequent ADR was fever (70.18%), followed by erythema and swelling at the injection site (6.95%), induration at the injection site (3.85%), dermatitis allergy (3.56%) and urticaria (1.55%). A statistically significant difference (P < .001) was found between sIPV immunization and sIPV immunization concomitant with other vaccines for general reactions (95.36% and 93.22%, respectively) and abnormal reactions (4.64% and 6.78%, respectively). Conclusion No new safety signal is found for sIPV administered concomitantly, although its administration with other vaccines may increase the occurrence of abnormal reactions. Vaccine manufacturers should focus on the safety of administering sIPV with DTaP and carry out relevant clinical studies when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Yi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhimei Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhilei Zhong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haoyu Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,College of Nursing Health Sciences, Yunnan Open University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products for Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ong-Lim AL, Shukarev G, Trinidad-Aseron M, Caparas-Yu D, Greijer A, Duchene M, Scheper G, van Paassen V, Le Gars M, Cahill CP, Schuitemaker H, Douoguih M, Jacquet JM. Safety and immunogenicity of 3 formulations of a Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine produced on the PER.C6® cell line: A phase 2, double-blind, randomized, controlled study in infants vaccinated at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2044255. [PMID: 35344464 PMCID: PMC9196784 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2044255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An inactivated poliovirus vaccine candidate using Sabin strains (sIPV) grown on the PER.C6® cell line was assessed in infants after demonstrated immunogenicity and safety in adults. The study recruited 300 infants who were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive one of 3 dose levels of sIPV or a conventional IPV based on Salk strains (cIPV). Poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies were measured before the first dose and 28 days after the third dose. Reactogenicity was assessed for 7 days and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) for 28 days after each vaccination. Serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded throughout the study. Solicited AEs were mostly mild to moderate. None of the SAEs reported in the study were judged vaccine related, including one fatal SAE due to aspiration of vomitus that occurred 26 days after the third dose of low-dose sIPV. After 3 sIPV vaccinations and across all dose levels, seroconversion (SC) rates were at least 92% against Sabin poliovirus types and at least 80% against Salk types, with a dose-response in neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) observed across the 3 sIPV groups. Compared to cIPV, the 3 sIPV groups displayed similar or higher SC rates and GMTs against the 3 Sabin types but showed a lower response against Salk types 1 and 2; this was most visible for Salk type 1. While the PER.C6® cell line-based sIPV showed an acceptable safety profile and immunogenicity in infants, lower seroprotection against type 1 warrants optimization of dose level and additional clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Ong-Lim
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Delia Caparas-Yu
- De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Astrid Greijer
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Duchene
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Scheper
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Conor P Cahill
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
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Euliano EM, Sklavounos AA, Wheeler AR, McHugh KJ. Translating diagnostics and drug delivery technologies to low-resource settings. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm1732. [PMID: 36223447 PMCID: PMC9716722 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostics and drug delivery technologies engineered for low-resource settings aim to meet their technical design specifications using strategies that are compatible with limited equipment, infrastructure, and operator training. Despite many preclinical successes, very few of these devices have been translated to the clinic. Here, we identify factors that contribute to the clinical success of diagnostics and drug delivery systems for low-resource settings, including the need to engage key stakeholders at an early stage, and provide recommendations for the clinical translation of future medical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Euliano
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University; Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Alexandros A. Sklavounos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kevin J. McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University; Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Li J, Liu HH, Yin XD, Li CC, Wang J. COVID-19 illness and autoimmune diseases: recent insights. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:407-428. [PMID: 33640999 PMCID: PMC7914392 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this review is to explore whether patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs) were at high risk of infection during the COVID-19 epidemic and how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic affected immune system. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using the foreign databases (NCBI, web of science, EBSCO, ELSEVIER ScienceDirect) and Chinese databases (WanFang, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP, CBM) to locate all relevant publications (up to January 10, 2021). The search strategies used Medical Search Headings (MeSH) headings and keywords for "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" or "coronavirus" and "autoimmune disease". RESULTS This review evaluates the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the immune system through ACE-2 receptor binding as the main pathway for cell attachment and invasion. It is speculated that SARS-COV-2 infection can activate lymphocytes and inflammatory response, which may play a role in the clinical onset of AIDs and also patients were treated with immunomodulatory drugs during COVID-19 outbreak. Preliminary studies suggested that the risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19 in patients with AIDs treated with immunomodulators or biologics might not increase. A large number of samples are needed for further verification, leading to an excessive immune response to external stimuli. CONCLUSION The relationship between autoimmune diseases and SARS-CoV-2 infection is complex. During the COVID-19 epidemic, individualized interventions for AIDs should be provided such as Internet-based service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Medical Data Processing Center of School of Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Hui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Medical Data Processing Center of School of Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Medical Data Processing Center of School of Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Medical Data Processing Center of School of Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Medical Data Processing Center of School of Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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