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Luczkowiak J, Rivas G, Labiod N, Lasala F, Rolo M, Lora‐Tamayo J, Mancheno‐Losa M, Rial‐Crestelo D, Pérez‐Rivilla A, Folgueira MD, Delgado R. Cross neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants after repeated doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28268. [PMID: 36319593 PMCID: PMC9828064 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have measured the humoral response to messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in COVID-19 naïve and convalescent individuals. Third doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines induced a significant increase in potency and breadth of neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) including Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.2.12.1, that were cross-neutralized at comparable levels and less for BA.4/5. This booster effect was especially important in naïve individuals that only after the third dose achieved a level that was comparable with that of vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents except for BA.4/5. Avidity of RBD-binding antibodies was also significantly increased in naïve individuals after the third dose, indicating an association between affinity maturation and cross neutralization of VoC. These results suggest that at least three antigenic stimuli by infection or vaccination with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 sequences are required to induce high avidity cross-neutralizing antibodies. Nevertheless, the circulation of new subvariants such as BA.4/5 with partial resistance to neutralization will have to be closely monitored and eventually consider for future vaccine developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Luczkowiak
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)MadridSpain
| | - Gonzalo Rivas
- Department of MicrobiologyHospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadridSpain
| | - Nuria Labiod
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)MadridSpain
| | - Fátima Lasala
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)MadridSpain
| | - Marta Rolo
- Department of MicrobiologyHospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadridSpain
| | - Jaime Lora‐Tamayo
- Department of Internal MedicineHospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadridSpain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC ‐ Instituto de Salud Carlos III)MadridSpain
| | - Mikel Mancheno‐Losa
- Department of Internal MedicineHospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadridSpain
| | - David Rial‐Crestelo
- Department of Internal MedicineHospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadridSpain
| | - Alfredo Pérez‐Rivilla
- Department of MicrobiologyHospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadridSpain,Department of Medicine, School of MedicineUniversidad ComplutenseMadridSpain
| | - María Dolores Folgueira
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)MadridSpain,Department of MicrobiologyHospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadridSpain,Department of Medicine, School of MedicineUniversidad ComplutenseMadridSpain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)MadridSpain,Department of MicrobiologyHospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadridSpain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC ‐ Instituto de Salud Carlos III)MadridSpain,Department of Medicine, School of MedicineUniversidad ComplutenseMadridSpain
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Li E, Han Q, Bi J, Wei S, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Feng N, Wang T, Wu J, Yang S, Zhao Y, Liu B, Yan F, Xia X. Therapeutic equine hyperimmune antibodies with high and broad-spectrum neutralizing activity protect rodents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1066730. [PMID: 36875106 PMCID: PMC9981790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1066730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants stresses the continued need for broad-spectrum therapeutic antibodies. Several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or cocktails have been introduced for clinical use. However, unremitting emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants showed reduced neutralizing efficacy by vaccine induced polyclonal antibodies or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. In our study, polyclonal antibodies and F(ab')2 fragments with strong affinity produced after equine immunization with RBD proteins produced strong affinity. Notably, specific equine IgG and F(ab')2 have broad and high neutralizing activity against parental virus, all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including B.1.1,7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2, P.1, B.1.1.529 and BA.2, and all variants of interest (VOIs) including B.1.429, P.2, B.1.525, P.3, B.1.526, B.1.617.1, C.37 and B.1.621. Although some variants weaken the neutralizing ability of equine IgG and F(ab')2 fragments, they still exhibited superior neutralization ability against mutants compared to some reported monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, we tested the pre-exposure and post-exposure protective efficacy of the equine immunoglobulin IgG and F(ab')2 fragments in lethal mouse and susceptible golden hamster models. Equine immunoglobulin IgG and F(ab')2 fragments effectively neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, fully protected BALB/c mice from the lethal challenge, and reduced golden hamster's lung pathological change. Therefore, equine pAbs are an adequate, broad coverage, affordable and scalable potential clinical immunotherapy for COVID-19, particularly for SARS-CoV-2 VOCs or VOIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qiuxue Han
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinhao Bi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Wei
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Microorganism Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Microorganism Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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