1
|
Karbiener M, Kindle G, Meyts I, Seppänen MRJ, Candotti F, Kamieniak M, Ilk R, Kreil TR, Seidel MG. Clinical efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-neutralizing antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations for the treatment of agammaglobulinemia in patients with primary antibody deficiency. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29738. [PMID: 38884390 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Immunocompromised individuals are at significantly elevated risk for severe courses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition to vaccination, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) have been applied throughout the pandemic, with time of treatment onset and potency against the currently prevailing virus variant identified as relevant factors for medical benefit. Using data from the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry, the present study evaluated COVID-19 cases in three groups of patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI; 981 agammaglobulinemia patients on immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IGRT); 8960 non-agammaglobulinemia patients on IGRT; 14 428 patients without IGRT), and the neutralizing capacity of 1100 immunoglobulin lots against SARS-CoV-2 ("Wuhan" and Omicron strains), throughout 3 years. From the first (2020/2021) to the second (2021/2022) cold season, i.e., during the virus drift to the more contagious Omicron variants, an increase in case numbers was recorded that was comparable (~2- to 3-fold) for all three study groups. During the same period, immunoglobulin lots showed a profound nAb increase against the archetypal SARS-CoV-2 strain, yet only low levels of Omicron nAbs. Notably, shortly before the third (2022/2023) cold season, Omicron-neutralizing capacity of released immunoglobulin lots had plateaued at high levels. From the second to the third cold season, COVID-19 cases dropped markedly. While a ~6-fold case reduction was recorded for the groups of non-agammaglobulinemia patients on IGRT and IEI patients not receiving IGRT, the decline was ~30-fold for the group of agammaglobulinemia patients on IGRT. These findings suggest a substantial COVID-19-protective effect of IGRT, at least for distinct groups of antibody-deficient patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karbiener
- Global Pathogen Safety, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Kindle
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biobanking FREEZE, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikko R J Seppänen
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- ERN-RITA Core Center, RITAFIN, Helsinki, Finland
- Rare Disease Center and Pediatric Research Center, Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Kamieniak
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reinhard Ilk
- Global Manufacturing Sciences, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Kreil
- Global Pathogen Safety, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus G Seidel
- on behalf of the ESID Registry Working Party; Styrian Children's Cancer Research Unit for Cancer and Inborn Errors of the Blood and Immunity in Children, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paganelli R. When Cell-Mediated Immunity after Vaccination Is Important. Pathogens 2024; 13:65. [PMID: 38251372 PMCID: PMC10819879 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The review by Reeg D [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paganelli
- Internal Medicine, UniCamillus, International Medical University in Rome, 00131 Rome, Italy;
- YDA, Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 66100 Pescara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Costanzo GAML, Deiana CM, Sanna G, Perra A, Campagna M, Ledda AG, Coghe F, Palmas V, Cappai R, Manzin A, Chessa L, Del Giacco S, Firinu D. Impact of Exposure to Vaccination and Infection on Cellular and Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in CVID Patients Through COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Immunol 2023; 44:12. [PMID: 38129351 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the kinetics of response against SARS-CoV-2 elicited by vaccination and/or breakthrough infection (occurred after 3 doses of BNT162b2) in a cohort CVID patients. METHODS We measured humoral and cellular immunity using quantitative anti-spike antibody (anti-S-IgG) and neutralization assay and specific interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) before and after the third or fourth dose of BNT162b2 and/or after COVID-19. RESULTS In CVID, 58.3% seroconverted after 2 doses that increased to 77.8% after 3 doses. Between the second and third dose, there was a decline in humoral compartment that led to titers below the cutoff of 1:10 (MNA90%) in CVID. This was paralleled by a significantly lower proportion (30%) and reduced magnitude of the residual cellular response among CVID. The third dose achieved a lower titer of anti-S and nAb against the Wuhan strain than HC and significantly decreased the rate of those showing solely a positive neutralizing activity and those with simultaneous negativity of IGRA and nAbs; the differences in IGRA were overall reduced with respect to HC. At further sampling after breakthrough SARS-COV-2 infection, mostly in the omicron era, or fourth dose, 6 months after the last event, the residual nAb titer to Wuhan strain was still significantly higher in HC, while there was no significant difference of nAbs to BA.1. The rate of IGRA responders was 65.5% in CVID and 90.5% in HC (p=0.04), while the magnitude of response was similar. None of CVID had double negativity to nAbs and IGRA at the last sampling. CONCLUSION This data shows an increase of adaptive immunity in CVID after mRNA vaccination in parallel to boosters, accrual number of exposures and formation of hybrid immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Maria Deiana
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Giovanni Ledda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Coghe
- Laboratory Clinical Chemical Analysis and Microbiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palmas
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cappai
- Laboratory Clinical Chemical Analysis and Microbiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Policlinico Universitario - AOU di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, SS 554-Bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lv Y, Huang L, Wang J, He H, Song L, He J, Xu L, Yu C, Mei Y, Gao Q. A community study of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in China. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1282612. [PMID: 38143749 PMCID: PMC10748485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune background of the overall population before and after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in China remains unexplored. And the level of neutralizing antibodies is a reliable indicator of individual immunity. Objectives This study aimed to assess the immune levels of different population groups during a viral outbreak and identify the factors influencing these levels. Methods We measured the levels of neutralizing antibodies in 12,137 participants using the COVID19 Neutralizing Antibody Detection kit. The dynamics of neutralizing antibodies were analyzed using a generalized additive model, while a generalized linear model and multi-factor analysis of variance were employed to investigate the influencing factors. Additionally, statistical methods were used to compare neutralizing antibody levels among subgroups of the real-world population. Results Participants who received booster doses exhibited significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to those who received only one or two doses (p<0.001). Both elderly [22.55 (5.12, 62.03) IU/mL, 55%] and minors [21.41 (8.15, 45.06) IU/mL, 56%] showed lower positivity rates and neutralizing antibody levels compared to young adults [29.30 (9.82, 188.08) IU/mL, 62%] (p<0.001). Furthermore, the HIV-positive group demonstrated a slightly lower seropositivity rate compared to the healthy group across the three vaccination time points. Notably, three months after the large-scale infection, both the neutralizing antibody level and positivity rate in real-world populations were higher than the previous record [300 (300, 300) IU/mL, 89%; 27.10 (8.77, 139.28) IU/mL, 60%], and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusions Increasing vaccine dosage enhances neutralizing antibody levels, resulting in greater and longer-lasting immunity. Monitoring immune levels in older individuals and those with AIDS is crucial. Additionally, the neutralizing antibodies generated from vaccination have not yet reached the threshold for achieving herd immunity, while individuals exhibit higher immune levels following a large-scale infection. These findings provide valuable insights for guiding new strategies in vaccine administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Lv
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junhu Wang
- Health Management Center, AnQing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Hui He
- Health Management Department, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Libo Song
- Health Examination Center, Central Hospital of Jin Zhou, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia He
- Health Service Center, Shulan (Hang Zhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lida Xu
- Beijing Hotgen Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Mei
- Health Management (Medical Examination) Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing Hotgen Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Willicombe M. Foreword: Preventing COVID-19 Among the Immunocompromised Population. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S1-S3. [PMID: 37539760 PMCID: PMC10401614 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represented 1 of the more significant and unique public health challenges facing the global community, particularly afflicting those with compromised immune systems. These immunocompromised individuals were readily recognized as a group at high risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and the associated severe outcomes of COVID-19. Although preventive strategies such as vaccination are important, initial clinical vaccine trials did not enroll immunocompromised individuals; in-depth evaluations of the safety, immunogenicity, and real-world outcomes associated with these vaccines were conducted in this population thereafter. As immunogenicity data of COVID-19 vaccination among this disparate group of individuals emerged, vaccination strategies were adapted to address outstanding challenges and further protect the entirety of this population. This 8-part journal supplement characterizes in-depth the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination strategies across the spectrum of immunocompromised individuals, focusing on the ongoing approaches to challenges facing this group as the pandemic continues to evolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Willicombe
- Correspondence: Michelle Willicombe, MA, MBBS, MRCP, MD, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, W120NN, London, UK ()
| |
Collapse
|