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Bartels YL, van Lent PLEM, van der Kraan PM, Blom AB, Bonger KM, van den Bosch MHJ. Inhibition of TLR4 signalling to dampen joint inflammation in osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:608-618. [PMID: 37788083 PMCID: PMC10907820 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Local and systemic low-grade inflammation, mainly involving the innate immune system, plays an important role in the development of OA. A receptor playing a key role in initiation of this inflammation is the pattern-recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In the joint, various ligands for TLR4, many of which are damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are present that can activate TLR4 signalling. This leads to the production of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators that cause joint damage. In this narrative review, we will first discuss the involvement of TLR4 ligands and signalling in OA. Furthermore, we will provide an overview of methods for inhibit, TLR4 signalling by RNA interference, neutralizing anti-TLR4 antibodies, small molecules and inhibitors targeting the TLR4 co-receptor MD2. Finally, we will focus on possible applications and challenges of these strategies in the dampening of inflammation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Bartels
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wang Z, Peng L, Zhu P, Wang W, Yang C, Hu HY, Wu Q. Electron Redistribution in Iridium-Iron Dual-Metal-Atom Active Sites Enables Synergistic Enhancement for H 2O 2 Decomposition. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2885-2897. [PMID: 38236146 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient heterogeneous H2O2 decomposition catalysts under neutral conditions is of great importance in many fields such as clinical therapy, sewage treatment, and semiconductor manufacturing but still suffers from low intrinsic activity and ambiguous mechanism understanding. Herein, we constructed activated carbon supported with an Ir-Fe dual-metal-atom active sites catalyst (IrFe-AC) by using a facile method based on a pulsed laser. The electron redistribution in Ir-Fe dual-metal-atom active sites leads to the formation of double reductive metal active sites, which can strengthen the metal-H2O2 interaction and boost the H2O2 decomposition performance of Ir-Fe dual-metal-atom active sites. Ir-Fe dual-metal-atom active sites show a high second-order reaction rate constant of 3.53 × 106 M-1·min-1, which is ∼106 times higher than that of Fe3O4. IrFe-AC is effective in removing excess intracellular reactive oxygen species, protecting DNA, and reducing inflammation under oxidative stress, indicating its therapeutic potential against oxidative stress-related diseases. This study could advance the mechanism understanding of H2O2 decomposition by heterogeneous catalysts and provide guidance for the rational design of high-performance catalysts for H2O2 decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyuan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Rullah K, Shamsudin NF, Koeberle A, Tham CL, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Leong SW, Jantan I, Lam KW. Flavonoid diversity and roles in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response of monocytes and macrophages. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:75-99. [PMID: 38205612 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mononuclear phagocytes has been explored for the treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. However, only a few key targets have been translated into clinical applications. Flavonoids, a class of ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites, possess a privileged scaffold which serves as a valuable template for designing pharmacologically active compounds directed against diseases with inflammatory components. This perspective provides a general overview of the diversity of flavonoids and their multifaceted mechanisms that interfere with LPS-induced signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Focus is placed on flavonoids targeting MD-2, IκB kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt or modulating LPS-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wei Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug & Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhang J, Sun Y, Sun C, Shang D. The antimicrobial peptide LK2(6)A(L) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by binding to the myeloid differentiation 2 domain and protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106376. [PMID: 36706531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease that is generally attributable to an uncontrolled inflammatory response in the lung, but there is a lack of effective treatments. At present, regulating the inflammatory response has become an important strategy for treating ALI. In the present study, LK2(6)A(L), a peptide derived from the natural antimicrobial peptide temporin-1CEa, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and NO in RAW264.7 cells. Herein, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of LK2(6)A(L) was investigated. The RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed that LK2(6)A(L) significantly inhibited the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The results of co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), pull-down experiment, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) suggested that MD2 was the direct target of LK2(6)A(L). Chemical inhibition of MD2 and its knockdown abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of LK2(6)A(L). Molecular dynamic simulation indicated that LK2(6)A(L) could bind to the active domain of the MD2 hydrophobic pocket via six hydrogen bonds. The truncated peptides were designed based on analysis of the molecular docking of LK2(6)A(L) to MD2. The truncated peptide IS-7 showed strong affinity to MD2 and a remarkable inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory factors that was comparable to the effect of LK2(6)A(L). Finally, LK2(6)A(L) and IS-7 relieved inflammatory symptoms and lung tissue destruction in the ALI mouse model. Overall, our study suggested that LK2(6)A(L) showed promising anti-inflammatory activity by targeting MD2, and the amino acid domain 7-13 was an important area that binds with MD2 and also an anti-inflammatory active region. LK2(6)A(L) and IS-7 may be potential new treatments for ALI and other acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Chengpeng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dejing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Isodorsmanin A Prevents Inflammatory Response in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages by Inhibiting the JNK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1601-1612. [PMID: 36826048 PMCID: PMC9955109 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic chalcones exhibit anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, and antitubercular activities. Isodorsmanin A (IDA), a chalcone, is a well-known constituent of the dried seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. (PC). Although other constituents of PC have been widely investigated, there are no studies on the biological properties of IDA. In this study, we focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of IDA and evaluated its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The results showed that IDA suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide [NO] and prostaglandin E2 [PGE2]) and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) without cytotoxicity. In addition, it downregulated the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) within the treatment concentrations. In our mechanistic studies, IDA inhibited the phosphorylation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protected the nuclear factor of the kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in the B-cells' inhibitor, alpha (IκB-α), from degradation, thus preventing the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells' (NF-κB) transcription factor. Our results suggest that IDA is a promising compound for attenuating excessive inflammatory responses.
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Chen P, Xu Z, Wang X, He J, Yang J, Wang J, Chattipakorn N, Wu D, Tang Q, Liang G, Chen T. Discovery of new cinnamic derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents for treating acute lung injury in mice. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200191. [PMID: 36344425 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The blockade of the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by anti-inflammatory natural products has been proven therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). Given the fact that cinnamic acid has been proven to have significant anti-inflammatory activity, we selected it as a promising lead compound to develop more effective analogs in treating ALI. Learning from the symmetric structure of curcumin, 32 new symmetric cinnamic derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, 6h not only displayed a remarkable inhibitory activity in vitro (85.9% and 65.7% for IL-6 and TNF-α, respectively) without cytotoxicity but also possessed chemical structure stability. Furthermore, an in vivo study in mice revealed that the administration of 6h significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI, providing new lead structures for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqin Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiemin Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wenzhou Central Hospital and Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Di Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Lee HH, Shin JS, Chung KS, Kim JM, Jung SH, Yoo HS, Hassan AHE, Lee JK, Inn KS, Lee S, Kim NJ, Lee KT. 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavone mitigates inflammatory responses by inhibiting LPS and TLR4/MD2 interaction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154553. [PMID: 36610153 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the potential inhibitory activity of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. PURPOSE We investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of DHF in LPS-activated macrophages and evaluated its effect on LPS-induced septic shock in mice. METHODS To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of DHF, nitrite, PGE2, and cytokines were measured in vitro and in vivo experiments. In addition, to verify the molecular signaling pathway, quantitative real time-PCR, luciferase assay, nuclear extraction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, molecular docking analysis, and myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2)-LPS binding assay were conducted. RESULTS DHF suppressed the LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) inactivation pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Importantly, molecular docking analysis and in vitro binding assays showed that DHF interacts with the hydrophobic pocket of MD2 and then interferes with the interaction between LPS and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). DHF inhibited LPS-induced oxidative stress by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Treatment of LPS-induced endotoxemia mice with DHF reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators via the inactivation of NF-κB, AP-1, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in the lung tissue, thus increasing the survival rate. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data first time revealed the underlying mechanism of the DHF-dependent anti-inflammatory effect by preventing LPS from binding to the TLR4/MD2 complex. Therefore, DHF may be a possible anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Seang-Hwan Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02247, Republic of Korea.
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Oleuropein as a Potent Compound against Neurological Complications Linked with COVID-19: A Computational Biology Approach. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24070881. [PMID: 35885104 PMCID: PMC9319675 DOI: 10.3390/e24070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The association of COVID-19 with neurological complications is a well-known fact, and researchers are endeavoring to investigate the mechanistic perspectives behind it. SARS-CoV-2 can bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) that would eventually lead to α-synuclein aggregation in neurons and stimulation of neurodegeneration pathways. Olive leaves have been reported as a promising phytotherapy or co-therapy against COVID-19, and oleuropein is one of the major active components of olive leaves. In the current study, oleuropein was investigated against SARS-CoV-2 target (main protease 3CLpro), TLR-4 and Prolyl Oligopeptidases (POP), to explore oleuropein potency against the neurological complications associated with COVID-19. Docking experiments, docking validation, interaction analysis, and molecular dynamic simulation analysis were performed to provide insight into the binding pattern of oleuropein with the three target proteins. Interaction analysis revealed strong bonding between oleuropein and the active site amino acid residues of the target proteins. Results were further compared with positive control lopinavir (3CLpro), resatorvid (TLR-4), and berberine (POP). Moreover, molecular dynamic simulation was performed using YASARA structure tool, and AMBER14 force field was applied to examine an 100 ns trajectory run. For each target protein-oleuropein complex, RMSD, RoG, and total potential energy were estimated, and 400 snapshots were obtained after each 250 ps. Docking analyses showed binding energy as −7.8, −8.3, and −8.5 kcal/mol for oleuropein-3CLpro, oleuropein-TLR4, and oleuropein-POP interactions, respectively. Importantly, target protein-oleuropein complexes were stable during the 100 ns simulation run. However, an experimental in vitro study of the binding of oleuropein to the purified targets would be necessary to confirm the present study outcomes.
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Ma Q, Wei Y, Meng Z, Chen Y, Zhao G. Effects of Water Extract from Artemisia argyi Leaves on LPS-Induced Mastitis in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070907. [PMID: 35405895 PMCID: PMC8997000 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mastitis is a common disease in dairy cows. On the one hand, it will reduce milk yield and milk quality of dairy cows, thus increasing the cost of animal husbandry, and, on the other hand, it will influence the health of infected animals and even human beings. Generally speaking, because mastitis is caused by pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotic treatment is commonly used. However, antibiotic resistance of microorganisms caused by wrongful use of antibiotics and antibiotic residues after treatment has become an urgent problem to be solved. Chinese herbal medicines are pure natural substances, and many of them have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, or immune-enhancing effects. In this experiment, Artemisia argyi (A. argyi) was selected as the research object to construct the cell model of cow mastitis. Studies have found that A. argyi extract can play a positive role in the regulation of inflammation, which is rich in organic acids and flavonoids. Therefore, A. argyi extract may be a potential treatment for mastitis. Abstract In the context of the unsatisfactory therapeutic effect of antibiotics, the natural products of plants have become a research hotspot. Artemisia argyi (A. argyi) is known as a traditional medicine in China, and its extracts have been reported to have a variety of active functions, including anti-inflammatory. Therefore, after establishing the mouse mastitis model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the effects of A. argyi leaves extract (ALE) were evaluated by pathological morphology of the mammary gland tissue, gene expression, and serum oxidation index. Studies have shown that ALE has a restorative effect on LPS-induced mammary gland lesions and significantly down-regulated the rise of myeloperoxidase (MPO) induced by LPS stimulation. In addition, ALE played a positive role in LPS-induced oxidative imbalance by restoring the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and preventing the increase in nitric oxide (NO) concentration caused by the over-activation of total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS). Further analysis of gene expression in the mammary gland showed that ALE significantly down-regulated LPS-induced up-regulation of inflammatory factors IL6, TNFα, and IL1β. ALE also regulated the expression of MyD88, a key gene for toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling, which, in turn, regulated TLR2 and TLR4. The effect of ALE on iNOS expression was similar to the effect of T-NOS activity and NO content, which also played a positive role. The IκB gene is closely related to the NF-κB signaling pathway, and ALE was found to significantly alleviate the LPS-induced increase in IκB. All of these results indicated that ALE may be considered a potential active substance for mastitis.
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Qian J, Zhuang F, Chen Y, Fan X, Wang J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Xu M, Samorodov AV, Pavlov VN, Liang G. Myeloid differential protein-2 inhibition improves diabetic cardiomyopathy via p38MAPK inhibition and AMPK pathway activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cinnamon and Eucalyptus Oils Suppress the Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide In Vivo. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237410. [PMID: 34885991 PMCID: PMC8659246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) disrupts epithelial homeostasis and threatens both human and animal health. Therefore, the discovery and development of new anti-inflammatory drugs is urgently required. Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) have good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, this study aims to screen and evaluate the effects of cinnamon oil and eucalyptus oil on anti-inflammatory activities. The associated evaluation indicators include body weight gain, visceral edema coefficient, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrogen monoxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Urea, Crea, ALT, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, IκB-α, iNOS, and Mn-SOD. In addition, tissue injury was determined by H&E staining. The results revealed that cinnamon oil and eucalyptus oil suppressed inflammation by decreasing SOD, TNF-α, and NF-κB levels. We also found that cinnamon oil increased the level of GSH-Px, MDA, and Mn-SOD, as well as the visceral edema coefficient of the kidney and liver. Altogether, these findings illustrated that cinnamon oil and eucalyptus oil exhibited wide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities against LPS-induced inflammation.
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12
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Qiao S, Zhang H, Sun F, Jiang Z. Molecular Basis of Artemisinin Derivatives Inhibition of Myeloid Differentiation Protein 2 by Combined in Silico and Experimental Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185698. [PMID: 34577169 PMCID: PMC8469597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (also known as Qinghaosu), an active component of the Qinghao extract, is widely used as antimalarial drug. Previous studies reveal that artemisinin and its derivatives also have effective anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, but the direct molecular target remains unknown. Recently, several reports mentioned that myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2, also known as lymphocyte antigen 96) may be the endogenous target of artemisinin in the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide signaling. However, the exact interaction between artemisinin and MD-2 is still not fully understood. Here, experimental and computational methods were employed to elucidate the relationship between the artemisinin and its inhibition mechanism. Experimental results showed that artemether exhibit higher anti-inflammatory activity performance than artemisinin and artesunate. Molecular docking results showed that artemisinin, artesunate, and artemether had similar binding poses, and all complexes remained stable throughout the whole molecular dynamics simulations, whereas the binding of artemisinin and its derivatives to MD-2 decreased the TLR4(Toll-Like Receptor 4)/MD-2 stability. Moreover, artemether exhibited lower binding energy as compared to artemisinin and artesunate, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. Leu61, Leu78, and Ile117 are indeed key residues that contribute to the binding free energy. Binding free energy analysis further confirmed that hydrophobic interactions were critical to maintain the binding mode of artemisinin and its derivatives with MD-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sennan Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Hansi Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhenyan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (Z.J.)
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Structure-activity relationship study of dihydroartemisinin C-10 hemiacetal derivatives as Toll-like receptor 4 antagonists. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105107. [PMID: 34175717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a natural product isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua and one of the clinical frontline drugs against malarial infections, has recently been discovered as a Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist. However, the TLR4 antagonistic activity of DHA is modest and it exhibits cellular toxicity. In this work, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of DHA as TLR4 antagonist was explored. Since destroying the sesquiterpene endoperoxide scaffold substantially compromised the TLR4 antagonistic activity and molecular dynamics analysis showed that the C-10 hydroxyl group formed a hydrogen bond with E72 of myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) to prevent it moving deeper into MD2, SAR of DHA was focused on the C-10 hemiacetal position. With extending the length of the linear alkane chain at C10 position, the TLR4 antagonistic activity of DHA analogs increased first and then decreased with the best TLR4 antagonism occurring at the length of the carbon chain of 3-4 carbons. In contrast, the cellular toxicity of DHA analogs was raised with the increasing length of the linear alkane chain. The TLR4 antagonistic activity of DHA derivatives with substituted halogen as the terminal functional group decreased with the decrease of electronegativity of the substituted halogen, which implies the electron-rich functional group at the end of the alkane chain appears preferred. Therefore, DHA derivative 2k with alkynyl as the end functional group, exhibited 14 times more potent TLR4 antagonistic activity than DHA. Moreover, 2k showed less cellular toxicity than DHA. Cellular signaling characterizations indicated that 2k inhibited LPS-induced TLR4 dimerization and endocytosis and suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB but not MAPKs activation, culminating in blocking LPS-induced TLR4 signaling downstream pro-inflammatory factors NO and IL-1β. Further, 2k was active in vivo; it significantly increased and prolonged morphine analgesia. Collectively, this study provides a structural guidance to reposition DHA derivatives as TLR4 antagonists.
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Padhi S, Sanjukta S, Chourasia R, Labala RK, Singh SP, Rai AK. A Multifunctional Peptide From Bacillus Fermented Soybean for Effective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 S1 Receptor Binding Domain and Modulation of Toll Like Receptor 4: A Molecular Docking Study. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:636647. [PMID: 33869283 PMCID: PMC8044374 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.636647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented soybean products are traditionally consumed and popular in many Asian countries and the northeastern part of India. To search for potential agents for the interruption of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike glycoprotein 1 (S1) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor interactions, the in silico antiviral prospective of peptides identified from the proteome of kinema was investigated. Soybean was fermented using Bacillus licheniformis KN1G, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KN2G and two different strains of Bacillus subtilis (KN2B and KN2M). The peptides were screened in silico for possible antiviral activity using two different web servers (AVPpred and meta-iAVP), and binding interactions of selected 44 peptides were further explored against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S1 protein (PDB ID: 6M0J) by molecular docking using ZDOCK. The results showed that a peptide ALPEEVIQHTFNLKSQ (P13) belonging to B. licheniformis KN1G fermented kinema was able to make contacts with the binding motif of RBD by blocking specific residues designated as critical (GLN493, ASN501) in the binding of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell receptor. The selected peptide was also observed to have a significant affinity towards human toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Myeloid Differentiation factor 2 (MD2) (PDB ID: 3FXI) complex known for its essential role in cytokine storm. The energy properties of the docked complexes were analyzed through the Generalized Born model and Solvent Accessibility method (MM/GBSA) using HawkDock server. The results showed peptidyl amino acids GLU5, GLN8, PHE11, and LEU13 contributed most to P13-RBD binding. Similarly, ARG90, PHE121, LEU61, PHE126, and ILE94 were appeared to be significant in P13-TLR4/MD2 complex. The findings of the study suggest that the peptides from fermented soy prepared using B. licheniformis KN1G have better potential to be used as antiviral agents. The specific peptide ALPEEVIQHTFNLKSQ could be synthesized and used in combination with experimental studies to validate its effect on SARS-CoV-2-hACE2 interaction and modulation of TLR4 activity. Subsequently, the protein hydrolysate comprising these peptides could be used as prophylaxis against viral diseases, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srichandan Padhi
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Gangtok, India
| | | | - Rounak Chourasia
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Gangtok, India
| | | | - Sudhir P. Singh
- Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, India
| | - Amit K. Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Gangtok, India
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Zhang L, Wei X, Zhang R, Koci M, Si D, Ahmad B, Guo H, Hou Y. C-Terminal Amination of a Cationic Anti-Inflammatory Peptide Improves Bioavailability and Inhibitory Activity Against LPS-Induced Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:618312. [PMID: 33613547 PMCID: PMC7892475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been implicated as a major cause of inflammation and an uncontrolled LPS response increases the risk of localized inflammation and sepsis. While some native peptides are helpful in the treatment of LPS-induced inflammation, the use of these peptides is limited due to their potential cytotoxicity and poor anti-inflammatory activity. Hybridization is an effective approach for overcoming this problem. In this study, a novel hybrid anti-inflammatory peptide that combines the active center of Cathelicidin 2 (CATH2) with thymopentin (TP5) was designed [CTP, CATH2 (1–13)-TP5]. CTP was found to have higher anti-inflammatory effects than its parental peptides through directly LPS neutralization. However, CTP scarcely inhibited the attachment of LPS to cell membranes or suppressed an established LPS-induced inflammation due to poor cellular uptake. The C-terminal amine modification of CTP (CTP-NH2) was then designed based on the hypothesis that C-terminal amidation can enhance the cell uptake by increasing the hydrophobicity of the peptide. Compared with CTP, CTP-NH2 showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity and lower cytotoxicity. CTP-NH2 not only has strong LPS neutralizing activity, but also can significantly inhibit the LPS attachment and the intracellular inflammatory response. The intracellular anti-inflammatory effect of CTP-NH2 was associated with blocking of LPS binding to the Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 complex and inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of CTP-NH2 was confirmed using a murine LPS-induced sepsis model. Collectively, these findings suggest that CTP-NH2 could be developed into a novel anti-inflammatory drug. This successful modification provides a design strategy to improve the cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory activity of peptide agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xubiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew Koci
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Dayong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Henan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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XU Z, YIN N, REN R, RUAN Z. In silico analysis based on constituents of the medicinal plant Xuebijing (XBJ) to identify candidate treatment agents for sepsis in the omics-driven research era. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.20.02684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Sumneang N, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Myeloid differentiation factor 2 in the heart: Bench to bedside evidence for potential clinical benefits? Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105239. [PMID: 33053443 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac inflammation has been involved in many pathological processes in the heart including cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, adverse remodeling, and dysfunction. Myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) is a key mediating protein that has been shown to contribute to the inflammatory process. MD2 is required for the activation of TLR4 in the form of dimerization complex. Upon activation of TLR4, the signal can be sent through either myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (Myd88) or toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) proteins to activate the inflammatory response in cardiac tissue, after which the inflammatory cytokines and genes are produced. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, a positive correlation was demonstrated between the serum MD2 levels and mortality rate. Therefore, MD2 inhibition should provide beneficial effects in inflammation related to cardiac diseases such as obesity and heart failure. Multiple inhibitors of TLR4/MD2 interaction reportedly attenuated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in animals with obesity and heart failure. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the reports from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies regarding the role of MD2 and the effects of MD2 inhibitors on cardiac inflammation, dysfunction, fibrosis, and remodeling. The information regarding the beneficial effects of MD2 inhibitors will be used to encourage future clinical use as a novel anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natticha Sumneang
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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RP105 plays a cardioprotective role in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by regulating the Toll‑like receptor 2/4 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1373-1381. [PMID: 32626996 PMCID: PMC7339787 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The revascularization of blood vessels after myocardial infarction can lead to serious myocardial damage. Previous studies showed that radioprotective 105 kDa protein (RP105) is a specific negative regulator of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). RP105 can modulate the Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/TLR4 signaling pathways. However, the synergistic effect of TLR2/4 regulated by RP105 during MIRI requires further investigation. To determine this effect, a MIRI model was established in rats in the present study. The expression of RP105 was depleted by transfecting RP105-siRNA and then detected using western blotting. Furthermore, the myocardium tissue was stained with the hematoxylin and eosin staining. Knockdown of RP105 promoted the activity of serum myocardial enzymes during MIRI and increased myocardial infarction. The present results indicated that knockdown of RP105 activated the TLR2/4 signaling pathway by modulating the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, decreased expression of RP105 promoted myocardial cell apoptosis, which induced the damage of myocardial ischemic reperfusion. The present results suggested both TLR2 and TLR4 as key targets of RP105, thus RP105 may be a promising candidate to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for MIRI.
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Wang Y, Hwang J, Yadav D, Oda T, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Inhibitory effect of porphyran on lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of human immune cells. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 232:115811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Qiu Y, Xiao Z, Wang Y, Zhang D, Zhang W, Wang G, Chen W, Liang G, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Optimization and anti-inflammatory evaluation of methyl gallate derivatives as a myeloid differentiation protein 2 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115049. [PMID: 31466835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) is a co-receptor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responsible for the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mediates a series of TLR4-dependent inflammatory responses in inflammatory lung diseases including acute lung injury (ALI). Targeting MD2 thus may provide a therapeutic strategy against these lung diseases. In this study, we identified a novel compound 4k with the potent anti-inflammatory activity among 39 methyl gallate derivatives (MGDs). MGD 4k exhibited a high binding affinity to MD2, which in turn prevented the formation of the LPS/MD2/TLR4 complex. In addition, MGD 4k significantly reversed the upregulation of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MGD 4k performed anti-inflammatory function by inactivating JNK, ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Taken together, our study identified MGD 4k as a novel potential therapeutic agent for ALI through inhibiting MD2, inflammatory responses, and major inflammation-associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinda Qiu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhongxiang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingfang Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Zhang L, Wei X, Zhang R, Petitte JN, Si D, Li Z, Cheng J, Du M. Design and Development of a Novel Peptide for Treating Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1841. [PMID: 31447849 PMCID: PMC6691347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in the intestines. Furthermore, intestinal inflammation increases the risk of enteric cancer, which is a common malignancy globally. Native anti-inflammatory peptides are a class of anti-inflammatory agents that could be used in the treatment of several intestinal inflammation conditions. However, potential cytotoxicity, and poor anti-inflammatory activity have prevented their development as anti-inflammatory agents. Therefore, in this study, we designed and developed a novel hybrid peptide for the treatment of intestinal inflammation. Eight hybrid peptides were designed by combining the active centers of antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 (13-36), YW12D, innate defense regulator 1, and cathelicidin 2 (1-13) with thymopentin or the active center of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) (17-24). The hybrid peptide, LL-37-Tα1 (LTA), had improved anti-inflammatory activity with minimal cytotoxicity. LTA was screened by molecule docking and in vitro experiments. Likewise, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms were also evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation murine model. The results showed that LTA prevented LPS-induced impairment in the jejunum epithelium tissues and infiltration of leukocytes, which are both histological markers of inflammation. Additionally, LTA decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. LTA increased the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin, and reduced permeability and apoptosis in the jejunum of LPS-treated mice. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory effect is associated with neutralizing LPS, binding to the Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD-2) complex, and modulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathway. The findings of this study suggest that LTA may be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xubiao Wei
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jim N Petitte
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Dayong Si
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxuan Li
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Cheng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengsi Du
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Chen X, Zheng X, Zhang M, Yin H, Jiang K, Wu H, Dai A, Yang S. Nuciferine alleviates LPS-induced mastitis in mice via suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:903-911. [PMID: 30145653 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuciferine, a major bioactive component from the lotus leaf, has been reported to have notable anti-inflammatory activities such as renal inflammation and acute lung injury in previous studies. Mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases in the dairy cattle, which causes large economic losses for the dairy industry. However, the effects of nuciferine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis have not been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of nuciferine on LPS-induced mastitis in mice and illuminated its potential mechanism on the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway in mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs). Histopathological changes and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay showed that nuciferine treatment significantly alleviated the LPS-induced injury of mammary gland flocculus, inflammatory cells infiltration. qPCR and ELISA assays indicated that nuciferine dose-dependently reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, which indicated that nuciferine might have therapeutic effects on mastitis. Furthermore, nuciferine treatment significantly decreased the expression of TLR4 in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, nuciferine was also found to suppress LPS-induced NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that nuciferine potently ameliorates LPS-induced mastitis by inhibition of the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Yin
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailing Dai
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shoushen Yang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Ouyang W, Zhou H, Liu C, Wang S, Han Y, Xia J, Xu F. 25-Hydroxycholesterol protects against acute lung injury via targeting MD-2. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5494-5503. [PMID: 30091835 PMCID: PMC6201372 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is mainly caused by uncontrolled inflammatory response, and it remains without effective therapeutic options. 25‐hydroxycholesterol (25HC) has been reported to be a potent regulator of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 25HC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with 25HC intraperitoneally before intratracheal exposure to LPS. Our results showed that 25HC pretreatment improved survival rate, attenuated the pathological changes of the lung and decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines in mice. Consistently, 25HC reduced expression of Toll‐like receptor (TLR4)‐mediated inflammatory cytokines in vitro. These effects of 25HC were obtained by preventing LPS binding to TLR4 via interaction with myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD‐2). Crystal structure analysis suggested that 25HC could bind MD‐2 with high affinity into its hydrophobic pocket. Furthermore, LPS‐induced activation of Akt/NF‐κB pathway was partially down‐regulated by 25HC pretreatment. In summary, this study demonstrates that 25HC could inhibit the overwhelming inflammatory response through MD‐2 interaction, which suppresses Akt/NF‐κB signalling pathway. These findings suggest 25HC may be a promising candidate for ALI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Experimental Medical Class 1102, Chu Kochen Honor College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang X, Cui F, Chen H, Zhang T, Yang K, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Rice KC, Watkins LR, Hutchinson MR, Li Y, Peng Y, Wang X. Dissecting the Innate Immune Recognition of Opioid Inactive Isomer (+)-Naltrexone Derived Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Antagonists. J Chem Inf Model 2018. [PMID: 29518316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The opioid inactive isomer (+)-naltrexone is one of the rare Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonists with good blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which is a lead with promising potential for treating neuropathic pain and drug addiction. (+)-Naltrexone targets the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) binding pocket of myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2) and blocks innate immune TLR4 signaling. However, the details of the molecular interactions of (+)-naltrexone and its derivatives with MD-2 are not fully understood, which hinders the ligand-based drug discovery. Herein, in silico and in vitro assays were performed to elucidate the innate immune recognition of the opioid inactive (+)-isomers. The results showed that the conserved LPS binding pocket of MD-2 accommodated these opioid inactive (+)-isomers. The calculated binding free energies of (+)-naltrexone and its derivatives in complex with MD-2 correlated well with their experimental binding affinities and TLR4 antagonistic activities. Hydrophobic residues in the MD-2 cavity interacted directly with these (+)-naltrexone based TLR4 antagonists and principally participated in ligand binding. Increasing the hydrophobicity of substituted group at N-17 improved its TLR4 antagonistic activity, while charged groups disfavored the binding with MD-2. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed the binding of (+)-naltrexone or its derivatives to MD-2 stabilized the "collapsed" conformation of MD-2, consequently blocking the binding and signaling of TLR4. Thermodynamics and dynamic analysis showed the topology of substituted group at N-17 of (+)-naltrexone affected the binding with MD-2 and TLR4 antagonistic activity. This study provides a molecular insight into the innate immune recognition of opioid inactive (+)-isomers, which would be of great help for the development of next-generation of (+)-opioid based TLR4 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin , 130022 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100039 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 210009 , China
| | - Fengchao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
| | - Hongqian Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin , 130022 , China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin , 130022 , China
| | - Kecheng Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100039 , China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin , 130022 , China
| | - Zhenyan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , China
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism , National Institutes of Health , Rockville , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5000 , Australia
| | - Yunqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
| | - Yinghua Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals , Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130112 , China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin , 130022 , China
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25
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Chen L, Fu W, Zheng L, Wang Y, Liang G. Recent progress in the discovery of myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) modulators for inflammatory diseases. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1187-1202. [PMID: 29330126 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), together with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with high affinity, inducing the formation of the activated homodimer LPS-MD2-TLR4. MD2 directly recognizes the Lipid A domain of LPS, leading to the activation of downstream signaling of cytokine and chemokine production, and initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. However, excessive activation and potent host responses generate severe inflammatory syndromes such as acute sepsis and septic shock. MD2 is increasingly being considered as an attractive pharmacological target for the development of potent anti-inflammatory agents. In this Keynote review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the structure and biology of MD2, and present MD2 modulators as promising agents for anti-inflammatory intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China.
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26
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Chen G, Xiao B, Chen L, Bai B, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Fu L, Liu Z, Li X, Zhao Y, Liang G. Discovery of new MD2-targeted anti-inflammatory compounds for the treatment of sepsis and acute lung injury. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:726-740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Angiotensin II induces kidney inflammatory injury and fibrosis through binding to myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD2). Sci Rep 2017; 7:44911. [PMID: 28322341 PMCID: PMC5359637 DOI: 10.1038/srep44911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent biologically active product of RAS, is a key regulator of renal inflammation and fibrosis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Ang II induces renal inflammatory injury and fibrosis through interaction with myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD2), the accessory protein of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of the immune system. Results indicated that in MD2−/− mice, the Ang II-induced renal fibrosis, inflammation and kidney dysfunction were significantly reduced compared to control Ang II-infused wild-type mice. Similarly, in the presence of small molecule MD2 specific inhibitor L6H21 or siRNA-MD2, the Ang II-induced increases of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory molecules were prevented in tubular NRK-52E cells. MD2 blockade also inhibited activation of NF-κB and ERK. Moreover, MD2 blockade prevented the Ang II-stimulated formation of the MD2/TLR4/MyD88 signaling complex, as well as the increased surface binding of Ang II in NRK-52E cells. In addition, Ang II directly bound recombinant MD2 protein, rather than TLR4 protein. We conclude that MD2 is a significant contributor in the Ang II-induced kidney inflammatory injury in chronic renal diseases. Furthermore, MD2 inhibition could be a new and important therapeutic strategy for preventing progression of chronic renal diseases.
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28
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Ren L, Tao J, Chen H, Bian Y, Yang X, Chen G, Zhang X, Liang G, Wu W, Song Z, Wang Y. Myeloid differentiation protein 2-dependent mechanisms in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 317:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Arshad L, Jantan I, Bukhari SNA, Haque MA. Immunosuppressive Effects of Natural α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl-Based Compounds, and Their Analogs and Derivatives, on Immune Cells: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:22. [PMID: 28194110 PMCID: PMC5277008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is complex and pervasive as it functions to prevent or limit infections in the human body. In a healthy organism, the immune system and the redox balance of immune cells maintain homeostasis within the body. The failure to maintain the balance may lead to impaired immune response and either over activity or abnormally low activity of the immune cells resulting in autoimmune or immune deficiency diseases. Compounds containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based moieties are often reactive. The reactivity of these groups is responsible for their diverse pharmacological activities, and the most important and widely studied include the natural compounds curcumin, chalcone, and zerumbone. Numerous studies have revealed the mainly immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aforesaid compounds. This review highlights the specific immunosuppressive effects of these natural α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds, and their analogs and derivatives on different types of immune cells of the innate (granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) and adaptive (T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells) immune systems. The inhibitory effects of these compounds have been comprehensively studied on neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages but their effects on T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells have not been well investigated. It is of paramount importance to continue generating experimental data on the mechanisms of action of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds on immune cells to provide useful information for ensuing research to discover new immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Arshad
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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30
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Boggu P, Venkateswararao E, Manickam M, Kim Y, Jung SH. Exploration of SAR for novel 2-benzylbenzimidazole analogs as inhibitor of transcription factor NF-κB. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:469-479. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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MD2 mediates angiotensin II-induced cardiac inflammation and remodeling via directly binding to Ang II and activating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 112:9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Milewski K, Oria M. What we know: the inflammatory basis of hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1239-1247. [PMID: 26497651 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central Nervous System (CNS) degeneration appearing in patients with cirrhosis is responsible for cognitive and persistent motor impairments that lead to an important impact on life quality. Brain injury affects certain areas of the CNS that might affect two types of cells: neurons and astrocytes. The process leading to brain injury could be induced by portosystemic shunting accompanied by hyperammonemia and by the activation of peripheral inflammation, manifested as episodic encephalopathy. Hyperammonemia combined with a decrease on the BCA/AAA ratio induces alterations of energetic metabolism and the formation of free radicals in the CNS. This process would be stimulated by the activation of peripheral inflammatory mediators that could act on receptors of the blood brain barrier such as TLR4, activating inflammatory responses in the CNS. As a result, a persistent activation of microglia and an irreversible neuronal and astrocytic injury would be induced. A new knowledge of the mechanisms leading to brain injury in cirrhosis would develop protective strategies to correct changes of nitrogen metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Milewski
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Oria
- Translational Research in Fetal Surgery for Congenital Malformations, Center for Fetal, Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 11020, S 8.400 AT, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA.
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK.
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33
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Zhang Y, Xu T, Wu B, Chen H, Pan Z, Huang Y, Mei L, Dai Y, Liu X, Shan X, Liang G. Targeting myeloid differentiation protein 2 by the new chalcone L2H21 protects LPS-induced acute lung injury. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:746-757. [PMID: 27860279 PMCID: PMC5345657 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammatory diseases are the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units. Myeloid differentiation 2 (MD‐2) is required for recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and represents an attractive therapeutic target for LPS‐induced inflammatory diseases. In this study, we report a chalcone derivative, L2H21, as a new MD2 inhibitor, which could inhibit LPS‐induced inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. We identify that L2H21 as a direct inhibitor of MD‐2 by binding to Arg90 and Tyr102 residues in MD‐2 hydrophobic pocket using a series of biochemical experiments, including surface plasmon response, molecular docking and amino acid mutation. L2H21 dose dependently inhibited LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression in primary macrophages. In mice with LPS intratracheal instillation, L2H21 significantly decreased LPS‐induced pulmonary oedema, pathological changes in lung tissue, protein concentration increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, inflammatory cells infiltration and inflammatory gene expression, accompanied with the decrease in pulmonary TLR4/MD‐2 complex. Meanwhile, administration with L2H21 protects mice from LPS‐induced mortality at a degree of 100%. Taken together, this study identifies a new MD2 inhibitor L2H21 as a promising candidate for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and sepsis, and validates that inhibition of MD‐2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjin Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheer Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqin Mei
- Department of Oral Prophylaxis and Hygiene, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanrong Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoou Shan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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34
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Zhang Y, Wu J, Ying S, Chen G, Wu B, Xu T, Liu Z, Liu X, Huang L, Shan X, Dai Y, Liang G. Discovery of new MD2 inhibitor from chalcone derivatives with anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25130. [PMID: 27118147 PMCID: PMC4846832 DOI: 10.1038/srep25130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening acute inflammatory disease with limited options available for therapy. Myeloid differentiation protein 2, a co-receptor of TLR4, is absolutely required for TLR4 sense LPS, and represents an attractive target for treating severe inflammatory diseases. In this study, we designed and synthesized 31 chalcone derivatives that contain the moiety of (E)-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one, which we consider the core structure of current MD2 inhibitors. We first evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds in MPMs. For the most active compound 20, we confirmed that it is a specific MD2 inhibitor through a series of biochemical experiments and elucidated that it binds to the hydrophobic pocket of MD2 via hydrogen bonds with Arg90 and Tyr102 residues. Compound 20 also blocked the LPS-induced activation of TLR4/MD2 -downstream pro-inflammatory MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways. In a rat model with ALI induced by intracheal LPS instillation, administration with compound 20 exhibited significant protective effect against ALI, accompanied by the inhibition of TLR4/MD2 complex formation in lung tissues. Taken together, the results of this study suggest the specific MD2 inhibitor from chalcone derivatives we identified is a potential candidate for treating acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shilong Ying
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Gaozhi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lehao Huang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaoou Shan
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuanrong Dai
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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35
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Chen G, Zhang Y, Liu X, Fang Q, Wang Z, Fu L, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Liang G. Discovery of a New Inhibitor of Myeloid Differentiation 2 from Cinnamamide Derivatives with Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Sepsis and Acute Lung Injury. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2436-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qilu Fang
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lili Fu
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research
Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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36
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Zhang W, Hu S, Yin JJ, He W, Lu W, Ma M, Gu N, Zhang Y. Prussian Blue Nanoparticles as Multienzyme Mimetics and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavengers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5860-5. [PMID: 26918394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important mechanism of nanomaterial toxicity. We found that Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) can effectively scavenge ROS via multienzyme-like activity including peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Instead of producing hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through the Fenton reaction, PBNPs were shown to be POD mimetics that can inhibit •OH generation. We theorized for the first time that the multienzyme-like activities of PBNPs were likely caused by the abundant redox potentials of their different forms, making them efficient electron transporters. To study the ROS scavenging ability of PBNPs, a series of in vitro ROS-generating models was established using chemicals, UV irradiation, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, high glucose contents, and oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion. To demonstrate the ROS scavenging ability of PBNPs, an in vivo inflammation model was established using lipoproteins in Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice. The results indicated that PBNPs hold great potential for inhibiting or relieving injury induced by ROS in these pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Sunling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Yin
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Weiwei He
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University & Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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37
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Fu W, Chen L, Wang Z, Zhao C, Chen G, Liu X, Dai Y, Cai Y, Li C, Zhou J, Liang G. Determination of the binding mode for anti-inflammatory natural product xanthohumol with myeloid differentiation protein 2. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:455-63. [PMID: 26869767 PMCID: PMC4737557 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s98466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is recognized that myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2), a coreceptor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) for innate immunity, plays an essential role in activation of the lipopolysaccharide signaling pathway. MD-2 is known as a neoteric and suitable therapeutical target. Therefore, there is great interest in the development of a potent MD-2 inhibitor for anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Several studies have reported that xanthohumol (XN), an anti-inflammatory natural product from hops and beer, can block the TLR4 signaling by binding to MD-2 directly. However, the interaction between MD-2 and XN remains unknown. Herein, our work aims at characterizing interactions between MD-2 and XN. Using a combination of experimental and theoretical modeling analysis, we found that XN can embed into the hydrophobic pocket of MD-2 and form two stable hydrogen bonds with residues ARG-90 and TYR-102 of MD-2. Moreover, we confirmed that ARG-90 and TYR-102 were two necessary residues during the recognition process of XN binding to MD-2. Results from this study identified the atomic interactions between the MD-2 and XN, which will contribute to future structural design of novel MD-2-targeting molecules for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaozhi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanrong Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepiao Cai
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Tsukamoto H, Ukai I, Yamagata Y, Takeuchi S, Kubota K, Kozakai S, Suzuki N, Kimoto M, Tomioka Y. Leucine-rich repeat 2 of human Toll-like receptor 4 contains the binding site for inhibitory monoclonal antibodies. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3893-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Natural or synthetic chalcones with different substituents have revealed a variety of biological activities that may benefit human health. The underlying mechanisms of action, particularly with respect to the direct cellular targets and the modes of interaction with the targets, have not been rigorously characterized, which imposes challenges to structure-guided rational development of therapeutic agents or chemical probes with acceptable target-selectivity profile. This review summarizes literature evidence on chalcones’ direct molecular targets in the context of their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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Lee JS, Bukhari SNA, Fauzi NM. Effects of chalcone derivatives on players of the immune system. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4761-78. [PMID: 26316713 PMCID: PMC4548720 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is the defense mechanism in living organisms that protects against the invasion of foreign materials, microorganisms, and pathogens. It involves multiple organs and tissues in human body, such as lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. However, the execution of immune activities depends on a number of specific cell types, such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and granulocytes, which provide various immune responses against pathogens. In addition to normal physiological functions, abnormal proliferation, migration, and differentiation of these cells (in response to various chemical stimuli produced by invading pathogens) have been associated with several pathological disorders. The unwanted conditions related to these cells have made them prominent targets in the development of new therapeutic interventions against various pathological implications, such as atherosclerosis and autoimmune diseases. Chalcone derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as immunomodulation, as well as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. Many studies have been conducted to determine their inhibitory or stimulatory activities in immune cells, and the findings are of significance to provide a new direction for subsequent research. This review highlights the effects of chalcone derivatives in different types of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sian Lee
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi
- Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wang Y, Shan X, Chen G, Jiang L, Wang Z, Fang Q, Liu X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wu W, Liang G. MD-2 as the target of a novel small molecule, L6H21, in the attenuation of LPS-induced inflammatory response and sepsis. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4391-405. [PMID: 26076332 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2) recognizes LPS, which is required for TLR4 activation, and represents an attractive therapeutic target for severe inflammatory disorders. We previously found that a chalcone derivative, L6H21, could inhibit LPS-induced overexpression of TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages. Here, we performed a series of biochemical experiments to investigate whether L6H21 specifically targets MD-2 and inhibits the interaction and signalling transduction of LPS-TLR4/MD-2. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The binding affinity of L6H21 to MD-2 protein was analysed using computer docking, surface plasmon resonance analysis, elisa, fluorescence measurements and flow cytometric analysis. The effects of L6H21 on MAPK and NF-κB signalling were determined using EMSA, fluorescence staining, Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. The anti-inflammatory effects of L6H21 were confirmed using elisa and RT-qPCR in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effects of L6H21 were also evaluated in septic C57BL/6 mice. KEY RESULTS Compound L6H21 inserted into the hydrophobic region of the MD-2 pocket, forming hydrogen bonds with Arg(90) and Tyr(102) in the MD-2 pocket. In vitro, L6H21 subsequently suppressed MAPK phosphorylation, NF-κB activation and cytokine expression in macrophages stimulated by LPS. In vivo, L6H21 pretreatment improved survival, prevented lung injury, decreased serum and hepatic cytokine levels in mice subjected to LPS. In addition, mice with MD-2 gene knockout were universally protected from the effects of LPS-induced septic shock. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Overall, this work demonstrated that the new chalcone derivative, L6H21, is a potential candidate for the treatment of sepsis. More importantly, the data confirmed that MD-2 is an important therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoou Shan
- Department of Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaozhi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qilu Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wencan Wu
- Department of Orbital and Oculoplastic Surgery, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang Y, Shan X, Dai Y, Jiang L, Chen G, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Dong L, Wu J, Guo G, Liang G. Curcumin Analog L48H37 Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TLR4 Signaling Pathway Activation and Sepsis via Targeting MD2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:539-50. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.222570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Wang X, Quinn PJ, Yan A. Kdo2 -lipid A: structural diversity and impact on immunopharmacology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:408-27. [PMID: 24838025 PMCID: PMC4402001 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid-lipid A (Kdo2-lipid A) is the essential component of lipopolysaccharide in most Gram-negative bacteria and the minimal structural component to sustain bacterial viability. It serves as the active component of lipopolysaccharide to stimulate potent host immune responses through the complex of Toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation protein 2. The entire biosynthetic pathway of Escherichia coli Kdo2-lipid A has been elucidated and the nine enzymes of the pathway are shared by most Gram-negative bacteria, indicating conserved Kdo2-lipid A structure across different species. Yet many bacteria can modify the structure of their Kdo2-lipid A which serves as a strategy to modulate bacterial virulence and adapt to different growth environments as well as to avoid recognition by the mammalian innate immune systems. Key enzymes and receptors involved in Kdo2-lipid A biosynthesis, structural modification and its interaction with the TLR4 pathway represent a clear opportunity for immunopharmacological exploitation. These include the development of novel antibiotics targeting key biosynthetic enzymes and utilization of structurally modified Kdo2-lipid A or correspondingly engineered live bacteria as vaccines and adjuvants. Kdo2-lipid A/TLR4 antagonists can also be applied in anti-inflammatory interventions. This review summarizes recent knowledge on both the fundamental processes of Kdo2-lipid A biosynthesis, structural modification and immune stimulation, and applied research on pharmacological exploitations of these processes for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Venkateswararao E, Sharma VK, Yun J, Kim Y, Jung SH. Anti-proliferative effect of chalcone derivatives through inactivation of NF-κB in human cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3386-92. [PMID: 24835787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the anti-proliferative effect of NF-κB inhibitor, a series of analogs of (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-6-(isopentyloxy)phenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (5a) were prepared and evaluated for their NF-κB inhibition and anti-proliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines. Compounds (E)-1-(2-(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (5e) and (E)-4-(3-(2-(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)benzenesulfonamide (5p) showed good NF-κB inhibition as well as potent anti-proliferative activity. SAR studies showed that all the compounds with potent or moderate NF-κB inhibition displayed good anti-proliferative activity. All the analogs (5b-r) maintained a good correlation between their NF-κB inhibition and anti-proliferative activity though the extent is not directly proportional to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeda Venkateswararao
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Vinay K Sharma
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon 363-883, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
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Kim MJ, Choi NY, Koo JE, Kim SY, Joung SM, Jeong E, Lee JY. Suppression of Toll-like receptor 4 activation by endogenous oxidized phosphatidylcholine, KOdiA-PC by inhibiting LPS binding to MD2. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:571-80. [PMID: 23474920 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) triggers immune and inflammatory events by sensing endogenous danger signals as well as invading pathogens and contributes to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated effect of 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-keto-6-octenedioyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (KOdiA-PC), an oxidized phosphatidylcholine, on TLR4 activation and the underlying regulatory mechanism. METHODS RAW264.7 macrophages were used for the study. The levels of TNF-α, IFN-β, and COX-2 mRNA and protein were determined by quantitative PCR and ELISA, respectively. Activation of TLR4-signaling was examined by immunoblot and luciferase reporter assays. In vitro binding assay was performed to determine LPS binding to MD2. Macrophage migration was analyzed using a transwell-culture system. RESULTS KOdiA-PC prevented the activation of TLR4-signaling components including ERK, JNK, p38, NF-κB, and IRF3 leading to decrease of TNF-α, IFN-β, and COX-2 expression. In vitro binding assay revealed that KOdiA-PC interrupted LPS binding to MD2, a TLR4 co-receptor. Consistently, KOdiA-PC suppressed LPS-induced macrophage migration. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that KOdiA-PC can modulate TLR4 activation by regulating ligand-receptor interaction. Therefore, endogenously generated, oxidized phospholipids may play a role in resolving inflammation by terminating TLR activation and macrophage recruitment to the inflamed site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Korea
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Garate JA, Oostenbrink C. Lipid A from lipopolysaccharide recognition: structure, dynamics and cooperativity by molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2013. [PMID: 23184816 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of Lipid A and its natural precursor Lipid IVA from E.coli have been carried out free in solution, bound to the myeliod differentiation protein 2 (MD2) and in the complex of MD2 with the toll like receptor 4 (TLR4). In addition, simulations of the ligand free MD2 and MD2-TLR4 complex were performed. A structural and energetic characterization of the bound and unbound states of Lipid A/IVA was generated. As the crystal structures depict, the main driving force for MD2-Lipid A/IVA are the hydrophobic interactions between the aliphatic tails and the MD2 cavity. The charged phosphate groups do strongly interact with positively charged residues, located at the surface of MD2. However, they are not essential for keeping the lipids in the cavity, indicating a more prominent role in binding recognition and ionic interactions with TLR4 at the MD2/TLR4 interface. Interestingly, in the absence of any ligand MD2 rapidly closes, blocking the binding cavity. The presence of TLR4, though changing the dynamics, was not able to impede the aforementioned closing event. We hypothesize that fluctuations of the H1 region are essential for this phenomenon, and it is plausible that an equilibrium between the open and closed states exists, although the lengths of our simulations are not sufficient to encompass the reversible process. The MD2/Lipid A-TLR4 complex simulations show that the presence of the ligand energetically stabilizes the complex relative to the ligand-free structures, indicating cooperativity in the binding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Garate
- Department of Medical Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modelling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Dendritic cell activation by polysaccharide isolated from Angelica dahurica. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 55:241-7. [PMID: 23246459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angelica dahurica is used in functional foods for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as inflammation and cancer. In the present study, we examined the effect of A. dahurica polysaccharide (ADP) on dendritic cell (DC) maturation. ADP increased the expressions of CD86 and MHC-II molecules, the production of IL-12, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and allogeneic T cell activation ability of DCs, and reduced DC endocytosis. As a mechanism of action, the knockdown of TLR4 with small interfering RNA decreased the ADP-induced production of nitric oxide and IL-12 by DCs, suggesting the membrane receptor candidate of ADP. After binding to TLR4, ADP increased the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50/p65. These results indicate that ADP activates DCs through TLR4 and downstream signalings.
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Venkateswararao E, Sharma VK, Lee KC, Sharma N, Park SH, Kim Y, Jung SH. A SAR study on a series of synthetic lipophilic chalcones as Inhibitor of transcription factor NF-κB. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:379-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Lee HK, Ryu HS, Kim JS, Yoon MJ, Kang JS, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Activation of macrophages by polysaccharide isolated from Paecilomyces cicadae through toll-like receptor 4. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3190-7. [PMID: 22687552 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Paecilomyces cicadae have been reported to have immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of polysaccharide (PCP) isolated from P. cicadae on the macrophages. PCP increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells. To investigate the membrane receptor, we examined the effect of PCP on primary macrophages isolated from wild type C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice having mutant-TLR4. PCP induced NO production and cytokine gene expression in macrophages from C3H/HeN, but not from tlr4-mutated C3H/HeJ mice, which suggests that TLR4 is the membrane receptor for PCP. PCP induced the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50/p65, which are the main signaling molecules downstream from TLR4. Among them, p38 and NF-κB signaling played a crucial role in PCP-induced NO production by macrophages. These results indicate that PCP activates macrophages through the TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Sook Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center (CICT), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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Zheng W, Zheng X, Liu S, Ouyang H, Levitt RC, Candiotti KA, Hao S. TNFα and IL-1β are mediated by both TLR4 and Nod1 pathways in the cultured HAPI cells stimulated by LPS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:762-7. [PMID: 22450316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence recently suggests that glial cell activation plays an important role in several neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathic pain. Microglia in the central nervous system express toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) that is traditionally accepted as the primary receptor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS activates TLR4 signaling pathways to induce the production of proinflammatory molecules. In the present studies, we verified the LPS signaling pathways using cultured highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (HAPI) microglial cells. We found that HAPI cells treated with LPS upregulated the expression of TLR4, phospho-JNK (pJNK) and phospho-NF-κB (pNF-κB), TNFα and IL-1β. Silencing TLR4 with siRNA reduced the expression of pJNK, TNFα and IL-1β, but not pNF-κB in the cells. Inhibition of JNK with SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) decreased the expression of TNFα and IL-1β. Unexpectedly, we found that inhibition of Nod1 with ML130 significantly reduced the expression of pNF-κB. Inhibition of NF-κB also reduced the expression of TNFα and IL-1β. Nod1 ligand, DAP induced the upregulation of pNF-κB which was blocked by Nod1 inhibitor. These data indicate that LPS-induced pJNK is TLR4-dependent, and that pNF-κB is Nod1-dependent in HAPI cells treated with LPS. Either TLR4-JNK or Nod1-NF-κB pathways is involved in the expression of TNFα and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
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