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Gallant RM, Snyder JM, Ayres JS. Fluoxetine promotes immunometabolic defenses to mediate host-pathogen cooperation during sepsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.18.567681. [PMID: 38013994 PMCID: PMC10680848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.18.567681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are some of the most prescribed drugs in the world. While they are used for their ability to increase serotonergic signaling in the brain, SSRIs are also known to have a broad range of effects beyond the brain, including immune and metabolic effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that SSRIs are protective in animal models and humans against several infections, including sepsis and COVID-19, however the mechanisms underlying this protection are largely unknown. Here we mechanistically link two previously described effects of the SSRI fluoxetine in mediating protection against sepsis. We show that fluoxetine-mediated protection is independent of peripheral serotonin, and instead increases levels of circulating IL-10. IL-10 is necessary for protection from sepsis-induced hypertriglyceridemia and cardiac triglyceride accumulation, allowing for metabolic reprogramming of the heart. Our work reveals a beneficial "off-target" effect of fluoxetine, and reveals a protective immunometabolic defense mechanism with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Gallant
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gene Expression Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Janelle S Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gene Expression Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Lead contact
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Sallam MY, El-Gowilly SM, El-Mas MM. Central α7 and α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors offset arterial baroreceptor dysfunction in endotoxic rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1587-1598. [PMID: 36100757 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a prominent feature of endotoxemia. Given the defensive role of the cholinergic pathway in inflammation, we assessed the roles of central homomeric α7 and heteromeric α4β2 nAChRs in arterial baroreceptor dysfunction caused by endotoxemia in rats. Endotoxemia was induced by i.v. administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 10 mg/kg), and baroreflex activity was measured by the vasoactive method, which assesses reflex chronotropic responses to increments (phenylephrine, PE) or decrements (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) in blood pressure. Shifts caused by LPS in PE/SNP baroreflex curves and associated decreases in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were dose-dependently reversed by nicotine (25-100 μg/kg, i.v.). The nicotine effect disappeared after intracisternal administration of methyllycaconitine (MLA) or dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE), selective blockers of α7 and α4β2 receptors, respectively. The advantageous effect of nicotine on BRSPE was replicated in rats treated with PHA-543613 (α7-nAChR agonist) or 5-iodo-A-85380 (5IA, α4β2-nAChRs agonist) in dose-dependent fashions. Conversely, the depressed BRSSNP of endotoxic rats was improved after combined, but not individual, treatments with PHA and 5IA. Central α7 and α4β2 nAChR activation underlies the nicotine counteraction of arterial baroreflex dysfunction induced by endotoxemia. Moreover, the contribution of these receptors depends on the nature of the reflex chronotropic response (bradycardia vs. tachycardia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Y Sallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alazarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Sahar M El-Gowilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alazarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alazarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
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Julien C, Chapuis B, Barrès C. Selective abolition of Mayer waves in conscious endotoxemic rats. Auton Neurosci 2020; 226:102673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Troché G, Henry-Lagarrigue M, Soppelsa F, Legriel S, Yehia A, Bruneel F, Bédos JP, Spreux-Varoquaux O. Tryptophan pathway catabolites (serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, kynurenine) and enzymes (monoamine oxidase and indole amine 2,3 dioxygenase) in patients with septic shock: A prospective observational study versus healthy controls. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19906. [PMID: 32384433 PMCID: PMC7220452 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is associated with a strong inflammatory response that induces vasodilation and vascular hyporeactivity. We investigated the role for tryptophan-pathway catabolites of proinflammatory cytokines in septic shock.We prospectively included 30 patients with very recent-onset septic shock and 30 healthy volunteers. The following were assayed once in the controls and on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 in each patient: plasma free and total tryptophan, platelet and plasma serotonin, total blood serotonin, urinary serotonin, plasma and urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, plasma kynurenine, monoamine oxidase activity, and total indole amine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. Organ-system failure and mortality were recorded.Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with septic shock had 2-fold to 3-fold lower total tryptophan levels throughout the 14-day study period. Platelet serotonin was substantially lower, while monoamine oxidase activity and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid were markedly higher in the patients than in the controls, consistent with the known conversion of tryptophan to serotonin, which is then promptly and largely degraded to 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid. Plasma kynurenine was moderately increased and indole amine 2,3-dioxygenase activity markedly increased in the patients versus the volunteers, reflecting conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine. Changes over time in tryptophan metabolites were not associated with survival in the patients but were associated with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and hemodynamic variables including hypotension and norepinephrine requirements.Our results demonstrate major tryptophan pathway alterations in septic shock. Marked alterations were found compared with healthy volunteers, and tryptophan metabolite levels were associated with organ failure and hemodynamic alterations. Tryptophan metabolite levels were not associated with surviving septic shock, although this result might be ascribable to the small sample size.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; No: NCT00684736; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Troché
- Service de Réanimation médico-chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France
| | | | | | - Stephane Legriel
- Service de Réanimation médico-chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France
| | - Aihem Yehia
- Service de Réanimation polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Départemental de Vendée, La Roche sur Yon
| | - Fabrice Bruneel
- Service de Réanimation médico-chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bédos
- Service de Réanimation médico-chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France
| | - Odile Spreux-Varoquaux
- Service de Biologie médicale, unité de Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
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Role of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sepsis and Potential Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5985209. [PMID: 28904739 PMCID: PMC5585571 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5985209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the most important causes of death in intensive care units. Despite the fact that sepsis pathogenesis remains obscure, there is increasing evidence that oxidants and antioxidants play a key role. The imbalance of the abovementioned substances in favor of oxidants is called oxidative stress, and it contributes to sepsis process. The most important consequences are vascular permeability impairment, decreased cardiac performance, and mitochondrial malfunction leading to impaired respiration. Nitric oxide is perhaps the most important and well-studied oxidant. Selenium, vitamin C, and 3N-acetylcysteine among others are potential therapies for the restoration of redox balance in sepsis. Results from recent studies are promising, but there is a need for more human studies in a clinical setting for safety and efficiency evaluation.
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Wang XQ, Zhang YP, Zhang LM, Feng NN, Zhang MZ, Zhao ZG, Niu CY. Resveratrol enhances vascular reactivity in mice following lipopolysaccharide challenge via the RhoA-ROCK-MLCP pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:308-316. [PMID: 28672931 PMCID: PMC5488661 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify whether sepsis-induced vascular hyporeactivity is associated with microcirculation disturbance and multiple organ injuries. The current study assessed the impact of resveratrol (Res) treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge mediated vascular hyporeactivity. Effects of Res treatment (30 mg/kg; i.m.) at 1 h following LPS stimulation (5 mg/kg; i.v.) on the survival time, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and maximal difference of MAP (ΔMAP) to norepinephrine (NE; 4.2 µg/kg) in mice were observed. The reactivity to gradient NE of isolated mesenteric arterioles and the association with the RhoA-RhoA kinase (ROCK)-myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) pathway were investigated by myography, and the signaling molecule protein levels were assessed using ELISA. Res treatment prolonged the survival time of mice subjected to LPS challenge, but did not prevent the LPS-induced hypotension and increase in ΔMAP. Res treatment and RhoA agonist U-46619 incubation prevented LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity ex vivo, which were suppressed by incubation with ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity was not affected by the MLCP inhibitor okadaic acid incubation, but was further downregulated by the co-incubation of OA plus Y-27632. The inhibiting effect of Y-27632 on Res treatment was eradicated by incubation with U-46619. Furthermore, RhoA inhibitor C3 transferase did not significantly inhibit the enhancing role of Res treatment, which was further increased by U-46619 plus C3 transferase co-incubation. In addition, Res treatment eradicated the LPS-induced decreases in p-RhoA and p-Mypt1 levels and increases in MLCP levels. The results of the present study indicate that post-treatment of Res significantly ameliorates LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity, which is associated with the activation of the RhoA-ROCK-MLCP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qing Wang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Niu-Niu Feng
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Gang Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yu Niu
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
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Xiao J, Shao L, Shen J, Jiang W, Feng Y, Zheng P, Liu F. Effects of ketanserin on experimental colitis in mice and macrophage function. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:659-68. [PMID: 26865503 PMCID: PMC4771115 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketanserin is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)-2A receptor (5-HT2AR) antagonist. Studies have suggested that ketanserin exerts anti-inflammatory effects independent of the baroreflex; however, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ketanserin in colitis and the possible underlying mechanisms. The expression of 5-HT2AR was assessed in the colon tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The therapeutic potential of ketanserin was investigated in the mice with colitis. In the colon tissue samples from the patients with IBD, a high expression level of 5-HT2AR was observed. Treatment with ketanserin attenuated the progression of experimental colitis in the mice, as indicated by body weight assessment, colon length, histological scores and cytokine release. The colonic macrophages from the ketanserin-treated mice with colitis exhibited a decreased production of inflammatory cytokines, with M2 polarization and impaired migration. The knockdown of 5-HT2AR using siRNA partly abolished the inhibitory effects of ketanserin on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow derived-macrophages (BMDMs), thus demonstrating that the inhibitory effects of ketanserin on the production of inflammatory cytokines are partly dependent on 5-HT2AR. Ketanserin also inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in BMDMs. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrate that ketanserin alleviates colitis. Its anti-inflammatory effects may be due to the promotion of the anti-inflammatory function of macrophages through 5-HT2AR/NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Limei Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqing Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200060, P.R. China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200060, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Jiang Q, Li RP, Tang Y, Wang YQ, Liu C, Guo ML. Bakkenolide-IIIa Protects Against Cerebral Damage Via Inhibiting NF-κB Activation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:943-52. [PMID: 26511680 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to examine the neuroprotective effects of bakkenolide-IIIa, a major novel compound extracted from the rhizome of P. trichinous. METHODS Transient focal cerebral damage model in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in cultured hippocampal neurons were performed. The amount of apoptotic neurons was determined using TUNEL assay. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, ERK1/2, IKKβ, IκBα were measured using Western blot. The nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κB was measured using a fluorescence microscope and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS Bakkenolide-IIIa (4, 8, 16 mg/kg; i.g.) was administered immediately after reperfusion could reduce the brain infarct volume, and the neurological deficit, as well as a high dose of bakkenolide-IIIa, increases the 72 h survival rate in cerebrally damaged rats. In vitro data demonstrated that bakkenolide-IIIa could increase cell viability and decrease the amount of apoptotic cells in cultured primary hippocampal neurons exposed to OGD. Bakkenolide-IIIa also dose-dependently increased the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. These results indicated that inhibition of apoptosis partly mediated the neuroprotection of bakkenolide-IIIa. Furthermore, bakkenolide-IIIa inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, IKKβ, IκBα, and p65 in cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to OGD. Bakkenolide-IIIa not only inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in cultured neurons exposed to OGD, but also inhibited the activation of NF-κB in peri-infarct area in cerebrally damaged rats. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings indicated that bakkenolide-IIIa protects against cerebral damage by inhibiting AKT and ERK1/2 activation and inactivated NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run-Ping Li
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao ZG, Zhang LM, Song W, Du HB, Cui H, Niu CY. Normal mesenteric lymph ameliorates acute kidney injury following lipopolysaccharide challenge in mice. Ren Fail 2014; 36:1304-9. [PMID: 25020070 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.938585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney is one of the prior damaged organs subjected to severe infection and sepsis shock. Our previous studies have shown that the normal mesenteric lymph (NML) obtained from healthy dogs could alleviate multiple organ injuries following endotoxic shock. In the current study, we further investigated the beneficial effect of NML from healthy mice on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. METHODS The mice in LPS and LPS + NML groups received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (35 mg/kg). One hour later, the treatment of NML was performed and kept for 6 h. Then, the renal function indices, renal morphology, the levels of phosphorylation mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), markers of sensitization to LPS, as well as pro-inflammatory mediators in renal tissue were observed. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of LPS induced an increased level of urea in plasma, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), but no obvious changes in the MAPKs in renal tissue. NML treatment decreased the levels of urea, CD14, TNF-α and IL-6 in mice after LPS injection. CONCLUSION The current results indicate that NML alleviates LPS-induced AKI through its attenuation of sensitization to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Gang Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University , Zhangjiakou, Hebei , PR China
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Liu C, Zhang X, Zhou JX, Wei W, Liu DH, Ke P, Zhang GF, Cai GJ, Su DF. The protective action of ketanserin against lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in mice is mediated by inhibiting inducible NO synthase expression via the MEK/ERK pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:658-666. [PMID: 23954471 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock. This work tested the hypothesis that ketanserin could attenuate endotoxic shock by inhibiting the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The results demonstrated that ketanserin could inhibit iNOS expression in the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys and nitrate production in the serum upon endotoxic shock in mice. In RAW264.7 cells, ketanserin significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS and decreased the production of NO, TNFα, IL-6, and reactive oxygen species upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Ketanserin also increased the level of ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential in RAW264.7 cells upon LPS exposure. LPS-induced iNOS expression was inhibited by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ritanserin and not the α1 receptor antagonist prazosin. Knockdown of 5-HT2A receptor by siRNA abolished the inhibitory effect of ketanserin on the expression of iNOS. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect of ketanserin on the expression of iNOS is mediated by blocking the 5-HT2A receptor. Furthermore, ketanserin significantly inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB signal. Pretreatment with PD184352, a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2, blocked the inhibitory effect of ketanserin on the expression of iNOS and NO production, indicating a critical role for the MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings indicate that inhibition of the expression of iNOS via the MEK/ERK pathway mediates the protective effects of ketanserin against LPS-induced shock in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jv-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dian-Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Jun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Sun L, Zhang GF, Zhang X, Liu Q, Liu JG, Su DF, Liu C. Combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine produces anti-shock effects: involvement of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:761-6. [PMID: 22580739 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the anti-effects of anisodamine and neostigmine in animal models of endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock. METHODS Kunming mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS 30 mg/kg, ip) to induce endotoxic shock. Anisodamine (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, ip) and neostigmine (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/kg, ip) were administered immediately after LPS injection. Survival rate was monitored, and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were analyzed using ELISA assays. The effects of anisodamine and neostigmine were also examined in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) knockout mice with endotoxic shock and in Beagle dogs with hemorrhagic shock. RESULTS In mice with experimental endotoxemia, combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine significantly increased the survival rate and decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, as compared to those produced by either drug alone. The anti-shock effect of combined anisodamine and neostigmine was abolished in α7 nAChR knockout mice. On the other hand, intravenous injection of the combined anisodamine and neostigmine, or the selective α7 nAChR agonist PNU282987 exerted similar anti-shock effects in dogs with hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine produces significant anti-shock effects, which involves activation of α7 nAChRs.
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Liu C, Su D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit: a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Front Med 2012; 6:35-40. [PMID: 22460446 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is important in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies show that vagus nerve stimulation inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production through "the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway," more specifically via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). In the current study, the role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway during septic shock, hypertension, and myocardial infarction is reviewed, and its possible clinical implications in cardiovascular diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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