1
|
Johansson E, Nazziwa J, Freyhult E, Hong MG, Lindman J, Neptin M, Karlson S, Rezeli M, Biague AJ, Medstrand P, Månsson F, Norrgren H, Esbjörnsson J, Jansson M. HIV-2 mediated effects on target and bystander cells induce plasma proteome remodeling. iScience 2024; 27:109344. [PMID: 38500818 PMCID: PMC10945182 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite low or undetectable plasma viral load, people living with HIV-2 (PLWH2) typically progress toward AIDS. The driving forces behind HIV-2 disease progression and the role of viremia are still not known, but low-level replication in tissues is believed to play a role. To investigate the impact of viremic and aviremic HIV-2 infection on target and bystander cell pathology, we used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to determine plasma signatures of tissue and cell type engagement. Proteins derived from target and bystander cells in multiple tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain, were detected at elevated levels in plasma of PLWH2, compared with HIV negative controls. Moreover, viremic HIV-2 infection appeared to induce enhanced release of proteins from a broader range of tissues compared to aviremic HIV-2 infection. This study expands the knowledge on the link between plasma proteome remodeling and the pathological cell engagement in tissues during HIV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Johansson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jamirah Nazziwa
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Lindman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Neptin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Karlson
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- BioMS – Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik Medstrand
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Månsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Norrgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Esbjörnsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marianne Jansson
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - for the SWEGUB CORE group
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- BioMS – Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- National Public Health Laboratory, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hønge BL, Andersen MN, Petersen MS, Jespersen S, Medina C, Té DDS, Kjerulff B, Laursen AL, Møller HJ, Wejse C, Krarup H, Møller BK, Erikstrup C. Monocyte phenotype and extracellular vesicles in HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-1/2 dual infection. AIDS 2023; 37:1773-1781. [PMID: 37475710 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AIDS-defining illness develops at higher CD4 + T-cell counts in individuals infected with HIV-2 compared with HIV-1-infected, which suggests that the two types of HIV may have different effects on other compartments of the immune system. We here investigate monocyte phenotype, activation and macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in individuals with different HIV types. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS ART-naive HIV-1 ( n = 83), HIV-2 ( n = 63), and HIV-1/2 dually positive ( n = 27) participants were recruited in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, together with HIV-negative controls ( n = 26). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry for monocyte phenotype and activation, and plasma was analyzed for extracellular vesicle forms of CD163 and CD206. RESULTS Compared with HIV-negative controls, all groups of HIV-positive participants had a skewed monocyte phenotype with a higher proportion of intermediate monocytes, increased CD163 expression and elevated serum levels of the inflammatory biomarkers soluble (s)CD163 and sCD206. HIV-2-positive participants had lower CD163 monocyte expression than HIV-1-positive participants, regardless of HIV RNA or CD4 + cell count. Levels of sCD206 extracellular vesicles were increased in all HIV groups, and higher in HIV-1 compared with HIV-2-positive participants. CONCLUSION The monocyte phenotype of HIV-2-positive participants deviated less from healthy controls than did HIV-1 participants. HIV-2-positive participants also had a lower concentration of extracellular CD206 vesicles compared with HIV-1-positive participants. This does not explain the difference in AIDS development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo L Hønge
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Department of Clinical Immunology
- Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Morten N Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sanne Jespersen
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Candida Medina
- National HIV Programme, Ministry of Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - David D S Té
- National HIV Programme, Ministry of Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | | | - Holger J Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine
| | - Christian Wejse
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- GloHAU, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Aarhus University
| | - Henrik Krarup
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scharf L, Pedersen CB, Johansson E, Lindman J, Olsen LR, Buggert M, Wilhelmson S, Månsson F, Esbjörnsson J, Biague A, Medstrand P, Norrgren H, Karlsson AC, Jansson M. Inverted CD8 T-Cell Exhaustion and Co-Stimulation Marker Balance Differentiate Aviremic HIV-2-Infected From Seronegative Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744530. [PMID: 34712231 PMCID: PMC8545800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-2 is less pathogenic compared to HIV-1. Still, disease progression may develop in aviremic HIV-2 infection, but the driving forces and mechanisms behind such development are unclear. Here, we aimed to reveal the immunophenotypic pattern associated with CD8 T-cell pathology in HIV-2 infection, in relation to viremia and markers of disease progression. The relationships between pathological differences of the CD8 T-cell memory population and viremia were analyzed in blood samples obtained from an occupational cohort in Guinea-Bissau, including HIV-2 viremic and aviremic individuals. For comparison, samples from HIV-1- or dually HIV-1/2-infected and seronegative individuals were obtained from the same cohort. CD8 T-cell exhaustion was evaluated by the combined expression patterns of activation, stimulatory and inhibitory immune checkpoint markers analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry and advanced bioinformatics. Unsupervised multidimensional clustering analysis identified a cluster of late differentiated CD8 T-cells expressing activation (CD38+, HLA-DRint/high), co-stimulatory (CD226+/-), and immune inhibitory (2B4+, PD-1high, TIGIThigh) markers that distinguished aviremic from viremic HIV-2, and treated from untreated HIV-1-infected individuals. This CD8 T-cell population displayed close correlations to CD4%, viremia, and plasma levels of IP-10, sCD14 and beta-2 microglobulin in HIV-2 infection. Detailed analysis revealed that aviremic HIV-2-infected individuals had higher frequencies of exhausted TIGIT+ CD8 T-cell populations lacking CD226, while reduced percentage of stimulation-receptive TIGIT-CD226+ CD8 T-cells, compared to seronegative individuals. Our results suggest that HIV-2 infection, independent of viremia, skews CD8 T-cells towards exhaustion and reduced co-stimulation readiness. Further knowledge on CD8 T-cell phenotypes might provide help in therapy monitoring and identification of immunotherapy targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Scharf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina B Pedersen
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Lindman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars R Olsen
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Wilhelmson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Månsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Antonio Biague
- National Laboratory for Public Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Patrik Medstrand
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Norrgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika C Karlsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Jansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iannetta M, Isnard S, Manuzak J, Guillerme JB, Notin M, Bailly K, Andrieu M, Amraoui S, Vimeux L, Figueiredo S, Charmeteau-de Muylder B, Vaton L, Hatton EX, Samri A, Autran B, Thiébaut R, Chaghil N, Glohi D, Charpentier C, Descamps D, Brun-Vézinet F, Matheron S, Cheynier R, Hosmalin A. Conventional Dendritic Cells and Slan + Monocytes During HIV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1658. [PMID: 32903610 PMCID: PMC7438582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-2 infection is characterized by low viremia and slow disease progression as compared to HIV-1 infection. Circulating CD14++CD16+ monocytes were found to accumulate and CD11c+ conventional dendritic cells (cDC) to be depleted in a Portuguese cohort of people living with HIV-2 (PLWHIV-2), compared to blood bank healthy donors (HD). We studied more precisely classical monocytes; CD16+ inflammatory (intermediate, non-classical and slan+ monocytes, known to accumulate during viremic HIV-1 infection); cDC1, important for cross-presentation, and cDC2, both depleted during HIV-1 infection. We analyzed by flow cytometry these PBMC subsets from Paris area residents: 29 asymptomatic, untreated PLWHIV-2 from the IMMUNOVIR-2 study, part of the ANRS-CO5 HIV-2 cohort: 19 long-term non-progressors (LTNP; infection ≥8 years, undetectable viral load, stable CD4 counts≥500/μL; 17 of West-African origin -WA), and 10 non-LTNP (P; progressive infection; 9 WA); and 30 age-and sex-matched controls: 16 blood bank HD with unknown geographical origin, and 10 HD of WA origin (GeoHD). We measured plasma bacterial translocation markers by ELISA. Non-classical monocyte counts were higher in GeoHD than in HD (54 vs. 32 cells/μL, p = 0.0002). Slan+ monocyte counts were twice as high in GeoHD than in HD (WA: 28 vs. 13 cells/μL, p = 0.0002). Thus cell counts were compared only between participants of WA origin. They were similar in LTNP, P and GeoHD, indicating that there were no HIV-2 related differences. cDC counts did not show major differences between the groups. Interestingly, inflammatory monocyte counts correlated with plasma sCD14 and LBP only in PLWHIV-2, especially LTNP, and not in GeoHD. In conclusion, in LTNP PLWHIV-2, inflammatory monocyte counts correlated with LBP or sCD14 plasma levels, indicating a potential innate immune response to subclinical bacterial translocation. As GeoHD had higher inflammatory monocyte counts than HD, our data also show that specific controls are important to refine innate immunity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Iannetta
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Manuzak
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Mathilde Notin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Karine Bailly
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Andrieu
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Amraoui
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lene Vimeux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Laura Vaton
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Etienne X Hatton
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Assia Samri
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Autran
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, CIC 1401, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Chaghil
- INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, CIC 1401, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Glohi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Diane Descamps
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Matheron
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR 1137, IAME (Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Remi Cheynier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Andersen MN, Hønge BL, Jespersen S, Medina C, da Silva Té D, Laursen A, Wejse C, Erikstrup C, Møller HJ. Soluble Macrophage Mannose Receptor (sCD206/sMR) as a Biomarker in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1291-1295. [PMID: 29800140 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, reflected by changes in macrophage-activation biomarker soluble CD163 (sCD163). Here, we present data on the novel macrophage-activation biomarker soluble mannose receptor/CD206 (sCD206) in HIV infection. We investigated sCD206 blood levels at baseline and follow-up with/without antiretroviral therapy (ART), in 212 patients with HIV type 1 (HIV-1), HIV type 2 (HIV-2), or dual infection. At baseline, there was no difference in sCD206 level between HIV types, and sCD206 was unchanged at follow-up without ART. However, in contrast to sCD163, sCD206 levels decreased significantly for both HIV-1 and HIV-2, but not for HIV-1/2 patients, during ART. Further investigations are needed to establish sCD206 as a biomarker in HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten N Andersen
- Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Biomedicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Bo L Hønge
- Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Sanne Jespersen
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Candida Medina
- National HIV Program, Ministry of Health, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | - Alex Laursen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,GloHAU: Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boswell MT, Rowland-Jones SL. Delayed disease progression in HIV-2: the importance of TRIM5α and the retroviral capsid. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:305-317. [PMID: 30773620 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-2 is thought to have entered the human population in the 1930s through cross-species transmission of SIV from sooty mangabeys in West Africa. Unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 has not led to a global pandemic, and recent data suggest that HIV-2 prevalence is declining in some West African states where it was formerly endemic. Although many early isolates of HIV-2 were derived from patients presenting with AIDS-defining illnesses, it was noted that a much larger proportion of HIV-2-infected subjects behaved as long-term non-progressors (LTNP) than their HIV-1-infected counterparts. Many HIV-2-infected adults are asymptomatic, maintaining an undetectable viral load for over a decade. However, despite lower viral loads, HIV-2 progresses to clinical AIDS without therapeutic intervention in most patients. In addition, successful treatment with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is more challenging than for HIV-1. HIV-2 is significantly more sensitive to restriction by host restriction factor tripartite motif TRIM5α than HIV-1, and this difference in sensitivity is linked to differences in capsid structure. In this review we discuss the determinants of HIV-2 disease progression and focus on the important interactions between TRIM5α and HIV-2 capsid in long-term viral control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Boswell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Biology of Monocytes and Dendritic Cells: Contribution to HIV Pathogenesis. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020065. [PMID: 29415518 PMCID: PMC5850372 DOI: 10.3390/v10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells such as monocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (MΦ) are key components of the innate immune system contributing to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the development/resolution of immune responses to pathogens. Monocytes and DC, circulating in the blood or infiltrating various lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, are derived from distinct bone marrow precursors and are typically short lived. Conversely, recent studies revealed that subsets of tissue resident MΦ are long-lived as they originate from embryonic/fetal precursors that have the ability to self-renew during the life of an individual. Pathogens such as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) highjack the functions of myeloid cells for viral replication (e.g., MΦ) or distal dissemination and cell-to-cell transmission (e.g., DC). Although the long-term persistence of HIV reservoirs in CD4+ T-cells during viral suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is well documented, the ability of myeloid cells to harbor replication competent viral reservoirs is still a matter of debate. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biology of monocytes and DC during homeostasis and in the context of HIV-1 infection and highlights the importance of future studies on long-lived resident MΦ to HIV persistence in ART-treated patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernandes SM, Pires AR, Matoso P, Ferreira C, Nunes-Cabaço H, Correia L, Valadas E, Poças J, Pacheco P, Veiga-Fernandes H, Foxall RB, Sousa AE. HIV-2 infection is associated with preserved GALT homeostasis and epithelial integrity despite ongoing mucosal viral replication. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:236-248. [PMID: 28513595 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that enable preservation of gut mucosal integrity during persistent viral replication and inherent inflammation remain unclear. Here, we investigated, for the first time, gut homeostasis in HIV-2 infection, a naturally occurring form of attenuated HIV disease. We found viral replication in both sigmoid and ileum of asymptomatic HIV-2+ patients (range: 240-851 circulating CD4+T-cells per μl) despite their undetectable viremia, accompanied by interferon-γ-producing CD8 T-cell expansion, irrespective of antiretroviral treatment. Nevertheless, there was no CD4 T-cell depletion, and Foxp3+ and IL-17- or IL-22-producing CD4 T-cell numbers were unaffected. Moreover, IL-22-producing innate lymphoid cells and IL-22-induced antimicrobial peptides and mucins were maintained. In agreement, the epithelium histology was preserved, including tight junction protein zonula occludens (ZO-1) levels. Furthermore, in vitro infection of colon epithelia with primary isolates revealed no HIV-2 impact on ZO-1 expression. Notably, sigmoid transcriptional levels of CCL20 and CCL28 were significantly increased, in direct correlation with GM-CSF, indicating a local response able to enhance CD4 T-cell recruitment. In conclusion, maintenance of mucosal integrity in HIV-2 infection was associated with T-cell recruitment responses, potentially counteracting CD4 T-cell depletion due to HIV-2 replication. These data have unique implications for the design of therapies targeting gut homeostasis in HIV-1 infection and other chronic inflammatory settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A R Pires
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Matoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Ferreira
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Nunes-Cabaço
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Correia
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Valadas
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Doenças Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Poças
- Serviço de Infecciologia, Hospital de S. Bernardo, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - P Pacheco
- Serviço de Infecciologia, Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - H Veiga-Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R B Foxall
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A E Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brief Report: Macrophage Activation in HIV-2-Infected Patients Is Less Affected by Antiretroviral Treatment-sCD163 in HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-1/2 Dually Infected Patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 72:254-8. [PMID: 26825178 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The course of disease among HIV-2, HIV-1, and HIV-1/2 dually infected patients is different. We investigated the macrophage activation marker soluble CD163 (sCD163) dynamics in 212 HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-1/2 dually infected patients. There were no differences in sCD163 levels at baseline or during follow-up without antiretroviral therapy (ART). At follow-up on ART, median sCD163 levels were decreased for HIV-1-infected patients (P < 0.001), but not among HIV-2 (P = 0.093) or HIV-1/2 dually infected patients (P = 0.145). The larger decrease in sCD163 levels among HIV-1-infected patients during ART may indicate an HIV type-dependent differential effect of ART on macrophage activation during HIV infection.
Collapse
|
10
|
Giesbrecht K, Eberle ME, Wölfle SJ, Sahin D, Sähr A, Oberhardt V, Menne Z, Bode KA, Heeg K, Hildebrand D. IL-1β As Mediator of Resolution That Reprograms Human Peripheral Monocytes toward a Suppressive Phenotype. Front Immunol 2017; 8:899. [PMID: 28824627 PMCID: PMC5540955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection pathogen-associated molecular patterns activate immune cells to initiate a cascade of reactions leading to inflammation and the activation of the adaptive immune response culminating in the elimination of foreign pathogens. However, shortly after activation of the host defense machinery, a return to homeostasis is preferred to prevent inflammation-induced tissue damage. This switch from the initial immunogenic to the subsequent tolerogenic phase after clearance of the infection can be mediated through highly plastic peripheral monocytes. Our studies reveal that an early encounter with toll-like receptor 7/8-ligand R848 mediates a strong pro-inflammatory monocytic phenotype that primes its own reprogramming toward an immunosuppressive one. Previously, we showed that these R848-treated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) fail to activate allogeneic T cells and induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent PD-L1. Here, we further demonstrate that R848-treated APCs suppress CD3/CD28-mediated and dendritic cell-mediated T cell activation and that adenosine and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/kynurenin pathways are involved in tolerance induction. Reprogramming of monocytes after R848 stimulation requires the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and a boosted IL-6 release. The subsequent autocrine prolonged activation of STAT3 induces direct upregulation of tolerogenic factors which finally downregulate proliferation of activated T cells and mediate Tregs. Thereby our study suggests that inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, should be considered as mediators of resolution of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Giesbrecht
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZIF German Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Mariel-Esther Eberle
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine J Wölfle
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Delal Sahin
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aline Sähr
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Oberhardt
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zach Menne
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad A Bode
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZIF German Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hildebrand
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Different Expression of Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Response to HIV-1 Infection in Dendritic Cells Based on Their Maturation State. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01379-16. [PMID: 28148784 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01379-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells whose functions are dependent on their degree of differentiation. In their immature state, DCs capture pathogens and migrate to the lymph nodes. During this process, DCs become resident mature cells specialized in antigen presentation. DCs are characterized by a highly limiting environment for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication due to the expression of restriction factors such as SAMHD1 and APOBEC3G. However, uninfected DCs capture and transfer viral particles to CD4 lymphocytes through a trans-enhancement mechanism in which chemokines are involved. We analyzed changes in gene expression with whole-genome microarrays when immature DCs (IDCs) or mature DCs (MDCs) were productively infected using Vpx-loaded HIV-1 particles. Whereas productive HIV infection of IDCs induced expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), such induction was not produced in MDCs, in which a sharp decrease in ISG- and CXCR3-binding chemokines was observed, lessening trans-infection of CD4 lymphocytes. Similar patterns of gene expression were found when DCs were infected with HIV-2 that naturally expresses Vpx. Differences were also observed under conditions of restrictive HIV-1 infection, in the absence of Vpx. ISG expression was not modified in IDCs, whereas an increase of ISG- and CXCR3-binding chemokines was observed in MDCs. Overall these results suggest that sensing and restriction of HIV-1 infection are different in IDCs and MDCs. We propose that restrictive infection results in increased virulence through different mechanisms. In IDCs avoidance of sensing and induction of ISGs, whereas in MDCs increased production of CXCR3-binding chemokines, would result in lymphocyte attraction and enhanced infection at the immune synapse.IMPORTANCE In this work we describe for the first time the activation of a different genetic program during HIV-1 infection depending on the state of maturation of DCs. This represents a breakthrough in the understanding of the restriction to HIV-1 infection of DCs. The results show that infection of DCs by HIV-1 reprograms their gene expression pattern. In immature cells, productive HIV-1 infection activates interferon-related genes involved in the control of viral replication, thus inducing an antiviral state in surrounding cells. Paradoxically, restriction of HIV-1 by SAMHD1 would result in lack of sensing and IFN activation, thus favoring initial HIV-1 escape from the innate immune response. In mature DCs, restrictive infection results in HIV-1 sensing and induction of ISGs, in particular CXCR3-binding chemokines, which could favor the transmission of HIV to lymphocytes. Our data support the hypothesis that genetic DC reprograming by HIV-1 infection favors viral escape and dissemination, thus increasing HIV-1 virulence.
Collapse
|
12
|
CD4+ T cells with an activated and exhausted phenotype distinguish immunodeficiency during aviremic HIV-2 infection. AIDS 2016; 30:2415-2426. [PMID: 27525551 PMCID: PMC5051526 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
HIV type 2 (HIV-2) represents an attenuated form of HIV, in which many infected individuals remain ‘aviremic’ without antiretroviral therapy. However, aviremic HIV-2 disease progression exists, and in the current study, we therefore aimed to examine if specific pathological characteristics of CD4+ T cells are linked to such outcome.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to describe the alterations that HIV-1 induces in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. RECENT FINDINGS HIV-1 disarms several arms of the immune system including APCs. We summarize here recent findings on the impact of the virus on APC. SUMMARY HIV-1 can invade APC and overall reduce their capacity to present antigens effectively, mostly by reducing their numbers and inducing permanent hyperactivation. This occurs via a combination of alterations; however, the host can counteract, at least in part, some of these defects via restriction factors, autophagy, the production of type I interferon, antiviral cytokines, among others. However, these specific mechanisms of viral evasion from APCs' control lead to a chronic hyperactivation of the immune system implicated in AIDS-related and non-AIDS related pathogenesis. Unfortunately, the current regimens of antiretroviral therapy are unable to dampen sufficiently APC-driven viral-induced immune hyperactivation. Understanding how HIV alters APC will help to tune appropriately both intrinsic immunity and innate immunity, as well as achieve efficient antigen presentation to the adaptive immune system, without inducing a detrimental pervasive hyperactivation of the immune system.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chauveau L, Puigdomenech I, Ayinde D, Roesch F, Porrot F, Bruni D, Visseaux B, Descamps D, Schwartz O. HIV-2 infects resting CD4+ T cells but not monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Retrovirology 2015; 12:2. [PMID: 25582927 PMCID: PMC4307230 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-014-0131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus-type 2 (HIV-2) encodes Vpx that degrades SAMHD1, a cellular restriction factor active in non-dividing cells. HIV-2 replicates in lymphocytes but the susceptibility of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) to in vitro infection remains partly characterized. Results Here, we investigated HIV-2 replication in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes, both activated and non-activated, as well as in MDDCs. We focused on the requirement of Vpx for productive HIV-2 infection, using the reference HIV-2 ROD strain, the proviral clone GL-AN, as well as two primary HIV-2 isolates. All HIV-2 strains tested replicated in activated CD4+ T cells. Unstimulated CD4+ T cells were not productively infected by HIV-2, but viral replication was triggered upon lymphocyte activation in a Vpx-dependent manner. In contrast, MDDCs were poorly infected when exposed to HIV-2. HIV-2 particles did not potently fuse with MDDCs and did not lead to efficient viral DNA synthesis, even in the presence of Vpx. Moreover, the HIV-2 strains tested were not efficiently sensed by MDDCs, as evidenced by a lack of MxA induction upon viral exposure. Virion pseudotyping with VSV-G rescued fusion, productive infection and HIV-2 sensing by MDDCs. Conclusion Vpx allows the non-productive infection of resting CD4+ T cells, but does not confer HIV-2 with the ability to efficiently infect MDDCs. In these cells, an entry defect prevents viral fusion and reverse transcription independently of SAMHD1. We propose that HIV-2, like HIV-1, does not productively infect MDDCs, possibly to avoid triggering an immune response mediated by these cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0131-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
15
|
Royle CM, Graham DR, Sharma S, Fuchs D, Boasso A. HIV-1 and HIV-2 differentially mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells into IFN-producing cells or APCs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3538-48. [PMID: 25156368 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 causes a progressive impairment of immune function. HIV-2 is a naturally attenuated form of HIV, and HIV-2 patients display a slow-progressing disease. The leading hypothesis for the difference in disease phenotype between HIV-1 and HIV-2 is that more efficient T cell-mediated immunity allows for immune-mediated control of HIV-2 infection, similar to that observed in the minority of HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors. Understanding how HIV-1 and HIV-2 differentially influence the immune function may highlight critical mechanisms determining disease outcome. We investigated the effects of exposing primary human peripheral blood cells to HIV-1 or HIV-2 in vitro. HIV-2 induced a gene expression profile distinct from HIV-1, characterized by reduced type I IFN, despite similar upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes and viral restriction factors. HIV-2 favored plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) differentiation into cells with an APC phenotype rather than IFN-α-producing cells. HIV-2, but not HIV-1, inhibited IFN-α production in response to CpG-A. The balance between pDC maturation into IFN-α-producing cells or development of an APC phenotype differentiates the early response against HIV-1 and HIV-2. We propose that divergent paths of pDC differentiation driven by HIV-1 and HIV-2 cause the observed differences in pathogenicity between the two viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Royle
- Immunology Section, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - David R Graham
- Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Simone Sharma
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Adriano Boasso
- Immunology Section, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fernandes SM, Pires AR, Ferreira C, Foxall RB, Rino J, Santos C, Correia L, Poças J, Veiga-Fernandes H, Sousa AE. Enteric mucosa integrity in the presence of a preserved innate interleukin 22 compartment in HIV type 1-treated individuals. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:630-40. [PMID: 24604817 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 22 (IL-22) is emerging as a key cytokine for gut epithelial homeostasis and mucosal repair. Gut disruption is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Here, we investigated IL-22 production and gut mucosal integrity in HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Biopsy specimens from 37 individuals who underwent colonoscopy primarily for cancer screening and from 17 HIV-1-infected and 20 healthy age-matched controls were assessed. RESULTS We found significant depletion of sigmoid IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells (T-helper type 22 [Th22] cells) even after prolonged ART, contrasting with the apparently normal compartments of regulatory and interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing CD4(+) T cells, as well as total mucosal CD4(+) T cells. Despite the preferential Th22 cell depletion, IL-22 production by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) was similar to that observed in HIV-1-seronegative subjects, and transcription of genes encoding molecules relevant for IL-22 production (ie, AHR, IL23, IL23R, IL1B, IL6, and TGFB1) was preserved. Remarkably, levels of transcripts of IL-22-target genes (ie, REG3G, DEFB4A, S100A9, MUC1, and MUC13) were unaltered, suggesting an adequate production of antimicrobial peptides and mucins. In agreement, enteric epithelial architecture was fully preserved. CONCLUSIONS Despite the reduced Th22 cell subset, innate IL-22-mediated mechanisms, essential for sigmoid mucosa integrity, were fully operational in long-term-treated HIV-1-infected individuals. Our data highlight IL-22 production by ILCs as an important target for therapies aimed at facilitating human mucosal reconstitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Clínica Universitária de Medicina II
| | - Ana R Pires
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa
| | | | - Russell B Foxall
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa
| | - José Rino
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa
| | | | - Luís Correia
- Clínica Universitária de Gastroenterologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-EPE, Lisboa
| | - José Poças
- Serviço de Infecciologia, Hospital de S. Bernardo, Setúbal, Portugal
| | | | - Ana E Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a diverse subset of innate immune cells that are key regulators of the host response to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 directly and indirectly modulates DC function to hinder the formation of effective antiviral immunity and fuel immune activation. This review focuses upon the differential dysregulation of myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) at various stages of HIV-1 infection providing insights into pathogenesis. HIV-1 evades innate immune sensing by mDCs resulting in suboptimal maturation, lending to poor generation of antiviral adaptive responses and contributing to T-regulatory cell (Treg) development. Dependent upon the stage of HIV-1 infection, mDC function is altered in response to Toll-like receptor ligands, which further hinders adaptive immunity and limits feasibility of therapeutic vaccine strategies. pDC interactions with HIV-1 are pleotropic, modulating immune responses on an axis between immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive. pDCs promote immune activation through an altered phenotype of persistent type I interferon secretion and weak antigen presentation capacity. Conversely, HIV-1 stimulates secretion of indolemine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) by pDCs resulting in Treg induction. An improved understanding of the roles and underlying mechanisms of DC dysfunction will be valuable to the development of therapeutics to enhance HIV-specific adaptive responses and to dampen immune activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|