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Mutemi DD, Tuju J, Ogwang R, Nyamako L, Wambui KM, Cruz IR, Villner P, Yman V, Kinyanjui SM, Rooth I, Ngasala B, Färnert A, Osier FHA. Antibody-Dependent Respiratory Burst against Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites in Individuals Living in an Area with Declining Malaria Transmission. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:203. [PMID: 38400186 PMCID: PMC10892224 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria transmission intensity affects the development of naturally acquired immunity to malaria. An absolute correlate measure of protection against malaria is lacking. However, antibody-mediated functions against Plasmodium falciparum correlate with protection against malaria. In children, antibody-mediated functions against P. falciparum decline with reduced exposure. It is unclear whether adults maintain antibody-mediated functions as malaria transmission declines. This study assessed antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) in individuals from an area with declining malaria transmission. In an age-matched analysis, we compare ADRB activity during high versus low malaria transmission periods. Age significantly predicted higher ADRB activity in the high (p < 0.001) and low (p < 0.001) malaria transmission periods. ADRB activity was higher during the high compared to the low malaria transmission period in older children and adults. Only older adults during the high malaria transmission period had their median ADRB activity above the ADRB cut-off. Ongoing P. falciparum infection influenced ADRB activity during the low (p = 0.01) but not the high (p = 0.29) malaria transmission period. These findings propose that naturally acquired immunity to P. falciparum is affected in children and adults as malaria transmission declines, implying that vaccines will be necessary to induce and maintain protection against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen D. Mutemi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 11102, Tanzania
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
| | - James Tuju
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
| | - Rodney Ogwang
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
| | - Lydia Nyamako
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
| | - Kennedy M. Wambui
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Ivette R. Cruz
- Division of Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Villner
- Division of Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Yman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Södersjukhuset, 118 61 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samson M. Kinyanjui
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
- Pwani University Bioscience Research Centre, Pwani University, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
- School of Business Studies, Strathmore University, Nairobi 0200, Kenya
| | - Ingegerd Rooth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nyamisati Malaria Research Group, Pwani 61621, Tanzania
| | - Billy Ngasala
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 11102, Tanzania
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Faith H. A. Osier
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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2
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Leonard CM, Uhomoibhi P, Abubakar A, Ogunniyi A, Mba N, Greby SM, Okoye MI, Iriemenam NC, Ihekweazu C, Steinhardt L, Rogier E. Dynamics of IgG antibody response against Plasmodium antigens among Nigerian infants and young children. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208822. [PMID: 37691957 PMCID: PMC10484571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a leading cause of child mortality in Nigeria. Neonates are born with maternal antibodies from placental transfer which may protect against malaria infection in the first months of life. The IgG dynamics of the transition from passively transferred antimalarial antibodies to actively acquired IgG from natural exposure have not been well elucidated. Methods Blood samples collected during a 2018 Nigeria nationwide HIV/AIDS household survey were available for 9,443 children under 5 years of age, with a subset of infants under 2 months of age having maternal samples available (n=41). Samples were assayed for the P. falciparum HRP2 antigen and anti-malarial IgG antibodies. LOESS regression examined the dynamics in IgG response in the first 5 years of life. Correlation with maternal IgG levels was assessed for mother/child pairs. Results Consistent decreases were observed in median IgG levels against all Plasmodium spp. antigen targets for the first months of life. At a population level, P. falciparum apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) and merozoite surface protein-1 19kD (PfMSP1) IgG decreased during the first 12 months of life before reaching a nadir, whereas IgGs to other targets only declined for the first 4 months of life. Seropositivity showed a similar decline with the lowest seropositivity against AMA1 and PfMSP1 at 10-12 months, though remaining above 50% during the first 2 years of life in higher transmission areas. No protective association was observed between IgG positivity and P. falciparum infection in infants. Maternal antibody levels showed a strong positive correlation with infant antibody levels for all P. falciparum antigens from birth to 2 months of age, but this correlation was lost by 6 months of age. Discussion Maternally transferred anti-malarial IgG antibodies rapidly decline during the first 6 months of life, with variations among specific antigens and malaria transmission intensity. From 3-23 months of age, there was a wide range in IgG levels for the blood-stage antigens indicating high individual variation in antibody production as children are infected with malaria. Non-falciparum species-specific antigens showed similar patterns in waning immunity and correlation with paired mother's IgG levels compared to P. falciparum antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Leonard
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Perpetua Uhomoibhi
- National Malaria Elimination Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ado Abubakar
- Institute of Human Virology (IHVN), Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Nwando Mba
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Stacie M. Greby
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - McPaul I. Okoye
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nnaemeka C. Iriemenam
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Laura Steinhardt
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eric Rogier
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - NMS4 Technical Working Group
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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3
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Zhou G, Hemming-Schroeder E, Jeang B, Wang X, Zhong D, Lee MC, Li Y, Bradley L, Gobran SR, David RE, Ondeto BM, Orondo P, Atieli H, Githure JI, Githeko AK, Kazura J, Yan G. Irrigation-Induced Environmental Changes Sustain Malaria Transmission and Compromise Intervention Effectiveness. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1657-1666. [PMID: 36056912 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irrigated agriculture enhances food security, but it potentially promotes mosquito-borne disease transmission and affects vector intervention effectiveness. This study was conducted in the irrigated and nonirrigated areas of rural Homa Bay and Kisumu Counties, Kenya. METHODS We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys to determine Plasmodium infection prevalence, clinical malaria incidence, molecular force of infection (molFOI), and multiplicity of infection. We examined the impact of irrigation on the effectiveness of the new interventions. RESULTS We found that irrigation was associated with >2-fold higher Plasmodium infection prevalence and 3-fold higher clinical malaria incidence compared to the nonirrigated area. Residents in the irrigated area experienced persistent, low-density parasite infections and higher molFOI. Addition of indoor residual spraying was effective in reducing malaria burden, but the reduction was more pronounced in the nonirrigated area than in the irrigated area. CONCLUSIONS Our findings collectively suggest that irrigation may sustain and enhance Plasmodium transmission and affects intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Brook Jeang
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yiji Li
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lauren Bradley
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sabrina R Gobran
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Randy E David
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Benyl M Ondeto
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Pauline Orondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Harrysone Atieli
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya.,International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - John I Githure
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Andrew K Githeko
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - James Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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4
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Druetz T, van den Hoogen L, Stresman G, Joseph V, Hamre KES, Fayette C, Monestime F, Presume J, Romilus I, Mondélus G, Elismé T, Cooper S, Impoinvil D, Ashton RA, Rogier E, Existe A, Boncy J, Chang MA, Lemoine JF, Drakeley C, Eisele TP. Etramp5 as a useful serological marker in children to assess the immediate effects of mass drug campaigns for malaria. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:643. [PMID: 35883064 PMCID: PMC9321307 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serological methods provide useful metrics to estimate age-specific period prevalence in settings of low malaria transmission; however, evidence on the use of seropositivity as an endpoint remains scarce in studies to evaluate combinations of malaria control measures, especially in children. This study aims to evaluate the immediate effects of a targeted mass drug administration campaign (tMDA) in Haiti by using serological markers. METHODS The tMDA was implemented in September-October 2018 using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and single low-dose primaquine. A natural quasi-experimental study was designed, using a pretest and posttest in a cohort of 754 randomly selected school children, among which 23% reported having received tMDA. Five antigens were selected as outcomes (MSP1-19, AMA-1, Etramp5 antigen 1, HSP40, and GLURP-R0). Posttest was conducted 2-6 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS At baseline, there was no statistical difference in seroprevalence between the groups of children that were or were not exposed during the posttest. A lower seroprevalence was observed for markers informative of recent exposure (Etramp5 antigen 1, HSP40, and GLURP-R0). Exposure to tMDA was significantly associated with a 50% reduction in the odds of seropositivity for Etramp5 antigen 1 and a 21% reduction in the odds of seropositivity for MSP119. CONCLUSION Serological markers can be used to evaluate the effects of interventions against malaria on the risk of infection in settings of low transmission. Antibody responses against Etramp5 antigen 1 in Haitian children were reduced in the 2-6 weeks following a tMDA campaign, confirming its usefulness as a short-term marker in child populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Druetz
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA. .,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. .,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Montreal, Canada.
| | - L van den Hoogen
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - G Stresman
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - V Joseph
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - K E S Hamre
- Malaria Branch, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.,CDC Foundation, Atlanta, USA
| | - C Fayette
- IMA World Health, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | | | - J Presume
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - I Romilus
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - G Mondélus
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - T Elismé
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - S Cooper
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - D Impoinvil
- Malaria Branch, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - R A Ashton
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - E Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - A Existe
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - J Boncy
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - M A Chang
- Malaria Branch, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - J F Lemoine
- Programme National de Contrôle du Paludisme, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - C Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - T P Eisele
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
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5
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Kochayoo P, Thawornpan P, Wangriatisak K, Changrob S, Leepiyasakulchai C, Khowawisetsut L, Adams JH, Chootong P. Interferon-γ signal drives differentiation of T-bet hi atypical memory B cells into plasma cells following Plasmodium vivax infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4842. [PMID: 35318412 PMCID: PMC8941117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For development of a long-lasting protective malaria vaccine, it is crucial to understand whether Plasmodium-induced memory B cells (MBCs) or plasma cells develop and stably contribute to protective immunity, or on the contrary the parasite suppresses antibody responses by inducing MBC dysfunction. The expansion of T-bethi atypical MBCs is described in chronic Plasmodium falciparum-exposed individuals. However, it remains unclear whether accumulation of T-bethi atypical MBCs is indicative of a protective role or rather an impaired function of the immune system in malaria. Here, the phenotypic and functional features of T-bethi atypical MBCs were studied in P. vivax patients living in an area of low malaria transmission. During P. vivax infection, the patients produced a twofold higher frequency of T-bethi atypical MBCs compared to malaria non-exposed individuals. This distinct atypical MBC subset had a switched IgG phenotype with overexpression of activation markers and FcRL5, and decreased Syk phosphorylation upon BCR stimulation. Post-infection, expansion of T-bethi IgG+ atypical MBCs was maintained for at least 3 months. Further studies of the contribution of T-bethi atypical MBC function to humoral immunity showed that synergizing IFN-γ with TLR7/8 and IL-21 signals was required for their differentiation into plasma cells and antibody secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawan Kochayoo
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Thawornpan
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - Kittikorn Wangriatisak
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - Siriruk Changrob
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - Chaniya Leepiyasakulchai
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | - John H. Adams
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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6
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Jahnmatz P, Nyabundi D, Sundling C, Widman L, Mwacharo J, Musyoki J, Otieno E, Ahlborg N, Bejon P, Ndungu FM, Färnert A. Plasmodium falciparum-Specific Memory B-Cell and Antibody Responses Are Associated With Immunity in Children Living in an Endemic Area of Kenya. Front Immunol 2022; 13:799306. [PMID: 35355994 PMCID: PMC8959630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.799306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the mechanism of naturally acquired immunity against Plasmodium falciparum malaria could contribute to the design of effective malaria vaccines. Using a recently developed multiplexed FluoroSpot assay, we assessed cross-sectional pre-existing memory B-cells (MBCs) and antibody responses against six well known P. falciparum antigens (MSP-119, MSP-2 (3D7), MSP-2 (FC27), MSP-3, AMA-1 and CSP) and measured their associations with previous infections and time to clinical malaria in the ensuing malaria season in Kenyan children. These children were under active weekly surveillance for malaria as part of a long-term longitudinal malaria immunology cohort study, where they are recruited from birth. After performing Cox regression analysis, we found that children with a breadth of three or more antigen-specific MBC or antibody responses at the baseline had a reduced risk for malaria in the ensuing P. falciparum transmission season. Specifically, MBC responses against AMA-1, MSP-2 (3D7) and MSP-3, as well as antibody responses to MSP-2 (3D7) and MSP-3 were prospectively associated with a reduced risk for malaria. The magnitude or breadth of MBC responses were however not correlated with the cumulative number of malaria episodes since birth. We conclude that increased breadth for merozoite antigen-specific MBC and antibody responses is associated with protection against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jahnmatz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Mabtech AB, Nacka Strand, Sweden
| | - Diana Nyabundi
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnea Widman
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jedidah Mwacharo
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer Musyoki
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Edward Otieno
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Niklas Ahlborg
- Mabtech AB, Nacka Strand, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Francis M. Ndungu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- KEMRI - Wellcome Research Programme/Centre for Geographical Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Dharmaratne ADVTT, Dini S, O’Flaherty K, Price DJ, Beeson J, McGready R, Nosten F, Fowkes FJI, Simpson JA, Zaloumis SG. Quantification of the dynamics of antibody response to malaria to inform sero-surveillance in pregnant women. Malar J 2022; 21:75. [PMID: 35248084 PMCID: PMC8897879 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains a major public health threat and tools sensitive to detect infections in low malaria transmission areas are needed to progress elimination efforts. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to malaria infections. Throughout pregnancy they access routine antenatal care, presenting a unique sentinel population to apply novel sero-surveillance tools to measure malaria transmission. The aim of this study was to quantify the dynamic antibody responses to multiple antigens during pregnancy so as to identify a single or multiple antibody response of exposure to malaria in pregnancy. Methods This study involved a secondary analysis of antibody responses to six parasite antigens [five commonly studied merozoite antigens and the variant surface antigen 2-chondroitin sulphate A (VAR2CSA), a pregnancy-specific erythrocytic antigen] measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) over the gestation period until delivery (median of 7 measurements/woman) in 250 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinics located at the Thai-Myanmar border. A multivariate mixture linear mixed model was used to cluster the pregnant women into groups that have similar longitudinal antibody responses to all six antigens over the gestational period using a Bayesian approach. The variable-specific entropy was calculated to identify the antibody responses that have the highest influence on the classification of the women into clusters, and subsequent agreement with grouping of women based on exposure to malaria during pregnancy. Results Of the 250 pregnant women, 135 had a Plasmodium infection detected by light microscopy during pregnancy (39% Plasmodium falciparum only, 33% Plasmodium vivax only and 28% mixed/other species), defined as cases. The antibody responses to all six antigens accurately identified the women who did not have a malaria infection detected during pregnancy (93%, 107/115 controls). Antibody responses to P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (PfMSP3) and P. vivax apical membrane antigen 1 (PvAMA1) were the least dynamic. Antibody responses to the antigens P. falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (PfAMA1) and PfVAR2CSA were able to identify the majority of the cases more accurately (63%, 85/135). Conclusion These findings suggest that the combination of antibodies, PfAMA1 and PfVAR2CSA, may be useful for sero-surveillance of malaria infections in pregnant women, particularly in low malaria transmission settings. Further investigation of other antibody markers is warranted considering these antibodies combined only detected 63% of the malaria infections during pregnancy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04111-y.
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8
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O'Flaherty K, Roe M, Fowkes FJ. The role of naturally acquired antimalarial antibodies in subclinical
Plasmodium
spp. infection. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1097-1105. [PMID: 35060185 PMCID: PMC9303632 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr1021-537r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O'Flaherty
- Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health Melbourne Australia
| | - Merryn Roe
- Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health Melbourne Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Freya J.I. Fowkes
- Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health Melbourne Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease Monash University Melbourne Australia
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9
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Tayipto Y, Liu Z, Mueller I, Longley RJ. Serology for Plasmodium vivax surveillance: A novel approach to accelerate towards elimination. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102492. [PMID: 34728377 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread causative agent of human malaria in the world. Despite the ongoing implementation of malaria control programs, the rate of case reduction has declined over the last 5 years. Hence, surveillance of malaria transmission should be in place to identify and monitor areas that require intensified malaria control interventions. Serological tools may offer additional insights into transmission intensity over parasite and entomological measures, especially as transmission levels decline. Antibodies can be detected in the host system for months to even years after parasite infections have been cleared from the blood, enabling malaria exposure history to be captured. Because the Plasmodium parasite expresses more than 5000 proteins, it is important to a) understand antibody longevity following infection and b) measure antibodies to more than one antigen in order to accurately inform on the exposure and/or immune status of populations. This review summarises current practices for surveillance of P. vivax malaria, the current state of research into serological exposure markers and their potential role for accelerating malaria elimination, and discusses further studies that need to be undertaken to see such technology implemented in malaria-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanie Tayipto
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe Liu
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhea J Longley
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Opi DH, Kurtovic L, Chan JA, Horton JL, Feng G, Beeson JG. Multi-functional antibody profiling for malaria vaccine development and evaluation. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1257-1272. [PMID: 34530671 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1981864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A vaccine would greatly accelerate current global efforts toward malaria elimination. While a partially efficacious vaccine has been achieved for Plasmodium falciparum, a major bottleneck in developing highly efficacious vaccines is a lack of reliable correlates of protection, and the limited application of assays that quantify functional immune responses to evaluate and down-select vaccine candidates in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. AREAS COVERED In this review, we describe the important role of antibodies in immunity against malaria and detail the nature and functional activities of antibodies against the malaria-causing parasite. We highlight the growing understanding of antibody effector functions against malaria and in vitro assays to measure these functional antibody responses. We discuss the application of these assays to quantify antibody functions in vaccine development and evaluation. EXPERT OPINION It is becoming increasingly clear that multiple antibody effector functions are involved in immunity to malaria. Therefore, we propose that evaluating vaccine candidates needs to move beyond individual assays or measuring IgG magnitude alone. Instead, vaccine evaluation should incorporate the full breadth of antibody response types and harness a wider range of assays measuring functional antibody responses. We propose a 3-tier approach to implementing assays to inform vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Herbert Opi
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liriye Kurtovic
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Chan
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica L Horton
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gaoqian Feng
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James G Beeson
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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11
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O'Flaherty K, Oo WH, Zaloumis SG, Cutts JC, Aung KZ, Thein MM, Drew DR, Razook Z, Barry AE, Parischa N, Zaw NN, Thu HK, Thi A, Htay WYM, Soe AP, Simpson JA, Beeson JG, Agius PA, Fowkes FJI. Community-based molecular and serological surveillance of subclinical malaria in Myanmar. BMC Med 2021; 19:121. [PMID: 34044836 PMCID: PMC8161608 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), current malaria surveillance strategies rely on a network of village health volunteers (VHVs) reporting the results of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), known to miss many asymptomatic infections. Integration of more sensitive diagnostic molecular and serological measures into the VHV network may improve surveillance of residual malaria transmission in hard-to-reach areas in the region and inform targeted interventions and elimination responses. However, data on residual malaria transmission that would be captured by these measures in the VHV-led testing and treatment surveillance network in the GMS is unknown. METHODS A total of 114 VHVs were trained to collect dried blood spots from villagers undergoing routine RDTs as part of VHV-led active and passive case detection from April 2015 to June 2016. Samples were subjected to molecular testing (quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR]) to determine Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infection and serological testing (against P. falciparum and P. vivax antigens) to determine exposure to P. falciparum and P. vivax. RESULTS Over 15 months, 114 VHVs performed 32,194 RDTs and collected samples for molecular (n = 13,157) and serological (n = 14,128) testing. The prevalence of molecular-detectable P. falciparum and P. vivax infection was 3.2% compared to the 0.16% prevalence of Plasmodium spp. by RDT, highlighting the large burden of infections undetected by standard surveillance. Peaks in anti-P. falciparum, but not P. vivax, merozoite IgG seroprevalence coincided with seasonal P. falciparum transmission peaks, even in those with no molecularly detectable parasites. At the individual level, antibody seropositivity was associated with reduced odds of contemporaneous P. falciparum (OR for PfCSP 0.51 [95%CI 0.35, 0.76], p = 0.001, PfAMA1 0.70 [95%CI 0.52, 0.93], p = 0.01, and PfMSP2 0.81 [95%CI 0.61, 1.08], p = 0.15), but not P. vivax infection (OR PvAMA1 1.02 [95%CI 0.73, 1.43], p = 0.89) indicating a potential role of immunity in protection against molecular-detectable P. falciparum parasitaemia. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that integration and implementation of sample collection for molecular and serological surveillance into networks of VHV servicing hard-to-reach populations in the GMS is feasible, can capture significant levels of ongoing undetected seasonal malaria transmission and has the potential to supplement current routine RDT testing. Improving malaria surveillance by advancing the integration of molecular and serological techniques, through centralised testing approaches or novel point-of-contact tests, will advance progress, and tracking, towards malaria elimination goals in the GMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O'Flaherty
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Win Han Oo
- Burnet Institute Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Sophie G Zaloumis
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julia C Cutts
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Damien R Drew
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zahra Razook
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Alyssa E Barry
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Naanki Parischa
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Aung Thi
- Department of Public Health, Myanmar Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | | | | | - Julie A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Agius
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Freya J I Fowkes
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia. .,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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12
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Rogier E, Nace D, Dimbu PR, Wakeman B, Pohl J, Beeson JG, Drakeley C, Tetteh K, Plucinski M. Framework for Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Response in Children After Plasmodium falciparum Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:617951. [PMID: 33737926 PMCID: PMC7960919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.617951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Plasmodium infection produces a robust adaptive immune response. Time courses for 104 children followed for 42 days after initiation of Plasmodium falciparum chemotherapy were assayed for antibody levels to the five isotypes of human immunoglobulins (Ig) and 4 subclasses of IgG for 32 P. falciparum antigens encompassing all 4 parasite stages of human infection. IgD and IgE against these antigens were undetectable at 1:100 serum concentration, but other Ig isotypes and IgG subclasses were consistently observed against all antigens. Five quantitative parameters were developed to directly compare Ig response among isotypes and antigens: Cmax, maximum antibody level; ΔC, difference between Cmax and the antibody level at Day 0; tmax, time in days to reach Cmax; t1/2, Ig signal half-life in days; tneg, estimated number of days until complete loss of Ig signal. Classical Ig patterns for a bloodborne pathogen were seen with IgM showing early tmax and IgG production highest among Ig isotypes. However, some unexpected trends were observed such as IgA showing a biphasic pattern for many antigens. Variability among these dynamics of Ig acquisition and loss was noted for different P. falciparum antigens and able to be compared both quantitatively and statistically. This parametrization methodology allows direct comparison of Ig isotypes produced against various Plasmodium antigens following malaria infection, and the same methodology could be applied to other longitudinal serologic studies from P. falciparum or different pathogens. Specifically for P. falciparum seroepidemiological studies, reliable and quantitative estimates regarding the IgG dynamics in human populations can better optimize modeling efforts for serological outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Doug Nace
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Brian Wakeman
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jan Pohl
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Tetteh
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Plucinski
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.,U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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13
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Ssewanyana I, Rek J, Rodriguez I, Wu L, Arinaitwe E, Nankabirwa JI, Beeson JG, Mayanja-Kizza H, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Drakeley C, Greenhouse B, Tetteh KKA. Impact of a Rapid Decline in Malaria Transmission on Antimalarial IgG Subclasses and Avidity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:576663. [PMID: 33584643 PMCID: PMC7873448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how immunity to malaria is affected by declining transmission is important to aid vaccine design and understand disease resurgence. Both IgG subclasses and avidity of antigen-specific responses are important components of an effective immune response. Using a multiplex bead array assay, we measured the total IgG, IgG subclasses, and avidity profiles of responses to 18 P. falciparum blood stage antigens in samples from 160 Ugandans collected at two time points during high malaria transmission and two time points following a dramatic reduction in transmission. Results demonstrated that, for the antigens tested, (i) the rate of decay of total IgG following infection declined with age and was driven consistently by the decrease in IgG3 and occasionally the decrease in IgG1; (ii) the proportion of IgG3 relative to IgG1 in the absence of infection increased with age; (iii) the increase in avidity index (the strength of association between the antibody and antigen) following infection was largely due to a rapid loss of non-avid compared to avid total IgG; and (iv) both avid and non-avid total IgG in the absence of infection increased with age. Further studies are required to understand the functional differences between IgG1 and IgG3 in order to determine their contribution to the longevity of protective immunity to malaria. Measuring changes in antibody avidity may be a better approach of detecting affinity maturation compared to avidity index due to the differential expansion and contraction of high and low avidity total IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Rek
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lindsey Wu
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Arinaitwe
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joaniter I Nankabirwa
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.,School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Moses R Kamya
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.,School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin K A Tetteh
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Acquisition and decay of IgM and IgG responses to merozoite antigens after Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ghanaian children. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243943. [PMID: 33332459 PMCID: PMC7746192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been challenging, primarily due to high levels of antigen polymorphism and a complex parasite lifecycle. Immunization with the P. falciparum merozoite antigens PfMSRP5, PfSERA9, PfRAMA, PfCyRPA and PfRH5 has been shown to give rise to growth inhibitory and synergistic antisera. Therefore, these five merozoite proteins are considered to be promising candidates for a second-generation multivalent malaria vaccine. Nevertheless, little is known about IgG and IgM responses to these antigens in populations that are naturally exposed to P. falciparum. In this study, serum samples from clinically immune adults and malaria exposed children from Ghana were studied to compare levels of IgG and IgM specific for PfMSRP5, PfSERA9, PfRAMA, PfCyRPA and PfRH5. All five antigens were found to be specifically recognized by both IgM and IgG in serum from clinically immune adults and from children with malaria. Longitudinal analysis of the latter group showed an early, transient IgM response that was followed by IgG, which peaked 14 days after the initial diagnosis. IgG levels and parasitemia did not correlate, whereas parasitemia was weakly positively correlated with IgM levels. These findings show that IgG and IgM specific for merozoite antigens PfMSRP5, PfSERA9, PfRAMA, PfCyRPA and PfRH5 are high in children during P. falciparum malaria, but that the IgM induction and decline occurs earlier in infection than that of IgG.
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15
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Oyong DA, Wilson DW, Barber BE, William T, Jiang J, Galinski MR, Fowkes FJI, Grigg MJ, Beeson JG, Anstey NM, Boyle MJ. Induction and Kinetics of Complement-Fixing Antibodies Against Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 3α and Relationship With Immunoglobulin G Subclasses and Immunoglobulin M. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1950-1961. [PMID: 31419296 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement-fixing antibodies are important mediators of protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, complement-fixing antibodies remain uncharacterized for Plasmodium vivax malaria. P. vivax merozoite surface protein 3α (PvMSP3α) is a target of acquired immunity and a potential vaccine candidate. METHODS Plasma from children and adults with P. vivax malaria in Sabah, Malaysia, were collected during acute infection, 7 and 28 days after drug treatment. Complement-fixing antibodies and immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG), targeting 3 distinctive regions of PvMSP3α, were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The seroprevalence of complement-fixing antibodies was highest against the PvMSP3α central region (77.6%). IgG1, IgG3, and IgM were significantly correlated with C1q fixation, and both purified IgG and IgM were capable of mediating C1q fixation to PvMSP3α. Complement-fixing antibody levels were similar between age groups, but IgM was predominant in children and IgG3 more prevalent in adults. Levels of functional antibodies increased after acute infection through 7 days after treatment but rapidly waned by day 28. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that PvMSP3α antibodies acquired during P. vivax infection can mediate complement fixation and shows the important influence of age in shaping these specific antibody responses. Further studies are warranted to understand the role of these functional antibodies in protective immunity against P. vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian A Oyong
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.,Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Danny W Wilson
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Melbourne, Australia.,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bridget E Barber
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu, Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy William
- Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu, Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.,Gleneagles Medical Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Jianlin Jiang
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mary R Galinski
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Freya J I Fowkes
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew J Grigg
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu, Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu, Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Michelle J Boyle
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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van den Hoogen LL, Stresman G, Présumé J, Romilus I, Mondélus G, Elismé T, Existe A, Hamre KES, Ashton RA, Druetz T, Joseph V, Beeson JG, Singh SK, Boncy J, Eisele TP, Chang MA, Lemoine JF, Tetteh KKA, Rogier E, Drakeley C. Selection of Antibody Responses Associated With Plasmodium falciparum Infections in the Context of Malaria Elimination. Front Immunol 2020; 11:928. [PMID: 32499783 PMCID: PMC7243477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In our aim to eliminate malaria, more sensitive tools to detect residual transmission are quickly becoming essential. Antimalarial antibody responses persist in the blood after a malaria infection and provide a wider window to detect exposure to infection compared to parasite detection metrics. Here, we aimed to select antibody responses associated with recent and cumulative exposure to malaria using cross-sectional survey data from Haiti, an elimination setting. Using a multiplex bead assay, we generated data for antibody responses (immunoglobulin G) to 23 Plasmodium falciparum targets in 29,481 participants across three surveys. This included one community-based survey in which participants were enrolled during household visits and two sentinel group surveys in which participants were enrolled at schools and health facilities. First, we correlated continuous antibody responses with age (Spearman) to determine which showed strong age-related associations indicating accumulation over time with limited loss. AMA-1 and MSP-119 antibody levels showed the strongest correlation with age (0.47 and 0.43, p < 0.001) in the community-based survey, which was most representative of the underlying age structure of the population, thus seropositivity to either of these antibodies was considered representative of cumulative exposure to malaria. Next, in the absence of a gold standard for recent exposure, we included antibody responses to the remaining targets to predict highly sensitive rapid diagnostic test (hsRDT) status using receiver operating characteristic curves. For this, only data from the survey with the highest hsRDT prevalence was used (7.2%; 348/4,849). The performance of the top two antigens in the training dataset (two-thirds of the dataset; n = 3,204)-Etramp 5 ag 1 and GLURP-R0 (area-under-the-curve, AUC, 0.892 and 0.825, respectively)-was confirmed in the test dataset (remaining one-third of the dataset; n = 1,652, AUC 0.903 and 0.848, respectively). As no further improvement was seen by combining seropositivity to GLURP-R0 and Etramp 5 ag 1 (p = 0.266), seropositivity to Etramp 5 ag 1 alone was selected as representative of current or recent exposure to malaria. The validation of antibody responses associated with these exposure histories simplifies analyses and interpretation of antibody data and facilitates the application of results to evaluate programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus L. van den Hoogen
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Gillian Stresman
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gina Mondélus
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Tamara Elismé
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | | | - Karen E. S. Hamre
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
- CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ruth A. Ashton
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Thomas Druetz
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal School of Public Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vena Joseph
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - James G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Susheel K. Singh
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacques Boncy
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Thomas P. Eisele
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michelle A. Chang
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jean F. Lemoine
- Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Kevin K. A. Tetteh
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Wanjala CNL, Bergmann-Leitner E, Akala HM, Odhiambo G, Ogutu BR, Andagalu B, Kamau E, Ochiel D. The role of complement immune response on artemisinin-based combination therapy in a population from malaria endemic region of Western Kenya. Malar J 2020; 19:168. [PMID: 32349765 PMCID: PMC7191791 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Naturally acquired immunity (NAI), which is characterized by protection against overt clinical disease and high parasitaemia, is acquired with age and transmission intensity. The role of NAI on the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs, including artemisinin-based combinations used as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum, has not been fully demonstrated. This study investigated the role of NAI in response to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), in symptomatic patients living in western Kenya, a high malaria transmission area. Methods Sera samples from malaria immune participants (n = 105) in a therapeutic efficacy study were assessed for in vitro growth inhibitory activity against the 3D7 strain of P. falciparum using a fluorescent-based growth inhibition assay (GIA). Participants’ age and parasite clearance parameters were used in the analysis. Pooled sera from malaria naïve participants (n = 6) with no Plasmodium infection from malaria non-endemic regions of Kenya was used as negative control. Results The key observations of the study were as follows: (1) Sera with intact complement displayed higher GIA activity at lower (1%) serum dilutions (p < 0.0001); (2) there was significant relationship between GIA activity, parasite clearance rate (p = 0.05) and slope half-life (p = 0.025); and (3) age was a confounding factor when comparing the GIA activity with parasite clearance kinetics. Conclusion This study demonstrates for the first time there is synergy of complement, pre-existing immunity, and drug treatment in younger patients with symptomatic malaria in a high-transmission area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N L Wanjala
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project (WRP), Kisumu, Kenya.,School of Physical and Biological Sciences Zoology Department, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Elke Bergmann-Leitner
- Malaria Biologics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hoseah M Akala
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project (WRP), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey Odhiambo
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project (WRP), Kisumu, Kenya.,School of Physical and Biological Sciences Zoology Department, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Bernhards R Ogutu
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project (WRP), Kisumu, Kenya.,KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ben Andagalu
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project (WRP), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Edwin Kamau
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project (WRP), Kisumu, Kenya. .,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel Ochiel
- Department of Emerging and Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project (WRP), Kisumu, Kenya.,School of Physical and Biological Sciences Zoology Department, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
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18
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Imported Malaria in Countries where Malaria Is Not Endemic: a Comparison of Semi-immune and Nonimmune Travelers. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/2/e00104-19. [PMID: 32161068 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00104-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous increase in long-distance travel and recent large migratory movements have changed the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in countries where malaria is not endemic (here termed non-malaria-endemic countries). While malaria was primarily imported to nonendemic countries by returning travelers, the proportion of immigrants from malaria-endemic regions and travelers visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) in malaria-endemic countries has continued to increase. VFRs and immigrants from malaria-endemic countries now make up the majority of malaria patients in many nonendemic countries. Importantly, this group is characterized by various degrees of semi-immunity to malaria, resulting from repeated exposure to infection and a gradual decline of protection as a result of prolonged residence in non-malaria-endemic regions. Most studies indicate an effect of naturally acquired immunity in VFRs, leading to differences in the parasitological features, clinical manifestation, and odds for severe malaria and clinical complications between immune VFRs and nonimmune returning travelers. There are no valid data indicating evidence for differing algorithms for chemoprophylaxis or antimalarial treatment in semi-immune versus nonimmune malaria patients. So far, no robust biomarkers exist that properly reflect anti-parasite or clinical immunity. Until they are found, researchers should rigorously stratify their study results using surrogate markers, such as duration of time spent outside a malaria-endemic country.
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19
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Aitken EH, Mahanty S, Rogerson SJ. Antibody effector functions in malaria and other parasitic diseases: a few needles and many haystacks. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:264-275. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Medicine The Doherty Institute The University of Melbourne 792 Elizabeth Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Siddhartha Mahanty
- Department of Medicine The Doherty Institute The University of Melbourne 792 Elizabeth Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine The Doherty Institute The University of Melbourne 792 Elizabeth Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
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20
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Kurtovic L, Boyle MJ, Opi DH, Kennedy AT, Tham WH, Reiling L, Chan JA, Beeson JG. Complement in malaria immunity and vaccines. Immunol Rev 2019; 293:38-56. [PMID: 31556468 PMCID: PMC6972673 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developing efficacious vaccines for human malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is a major global health priority, although this has proven to be immensely challenging over the decades. One major hindrance is the incomplete understanding of specific immune responses that confer protection against disease and/or infection. While antibodies to play a crucial role in malaria immunity, the functional mechanisms of these antibodies remain unclear as most research has primarily focused on the direct inhibitory or neutralizing activity of antibodies. Recently, there is a growing body of evidence that antibodies can also mediate effector functions through activating the complement system against multiple developmental stages of the parasite life cycle. These antibody‐complement interactions can have detrimental consequences to parasite function and viability, and have been significantly associated with protection against clinical malaria in naturally acquired immunity, and emerging findings suggest these mechanisms could contribute to vaccine‐induced immunity. In order to develop highly efficacious vaccines, strategies are needed that prioritize the induction of antibodies with enhanced functional activity, including the ability to activate complement. Here we review the role of complement in acquired immunity to malaria, and provide insights into how this knowledge could be used to harness complement in malaria vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liriye Kurtovic
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | - Alexander T Kennedy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Jo-Anne Chan
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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21
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Boyle MJ, Chan JA, Handayuni I, Reiling L, Feng G, Hilton A, Kurtovic L, Oyong D, Piera KA, Barber BE, William T, Eisen DP, Minigo G, Langer C, Drew DR, de Labastida Rivera F, Amante FH, Williams TN, Kinyanjui S, Marsh K, Doolan DL, Engwerda C, Fowkes FJI, Grigg MJ, Mueller I, McCarthy JS, Anstey NM, Beeson JG. IgM in human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4489. [PMID: 31579826 PMCID: PMC6760923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on human immunity to malaria have focused on the roles of immunoglobulin G (IgG), whereas the roles of IgM remain undefined. Analyzing multiple human cohorts to assess the dynamics of malaria-specific IgM during experimentally induced and naturally acquired malaria, we identified IgM activity against blood-stage parasites. We found that merozoite-specific IgM appears rapidly in Plasmodium falciparum infection and is prominent during malaria in children and adults with lifetime exposure, together with IgG. Unexpectedly, IgM persisted for extended periods of time; we found no difference in decay of merozoite-specific IgM over time compared to that of IgG. IgM blocked merozoite invasion of red blood cells in a complement-dependent manner. IgM was also associated with significantly reduced risk of clinical malaria in a longitudinal cohort of children. These findings suggest that merozoite-specific IgM is an important functional and long-lived antibody response targeting blood-stage malaria parasites that contributes to malaria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Boyle
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Corresponding author. (M.J.B.); (J.G.B.)
| | - J. A. Chan
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - I. Handayuni
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - L. Reiling
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G. Feng
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Hilton
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L. Kurtovic
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. Oyong
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - K. A. Piera
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - B. E. Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - T. William
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Gleneagles Hospital Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
| | - D. P. Eisen
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - G. Minigo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - C. Langer
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. R. Drew
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - F. H. Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T. N. Williams
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S. Kinyanjui
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K. Marsh
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. L. Doolan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - C. Engwerda
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - F. J. I. Fowkes
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. J. Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - I. Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - J. S. McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N. M. Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - J. G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author. (M.J.B.); (J.G.B.)
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22
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Njuguna P, Maitland K, Nyaguara A, Mwanga D, Mogeni P, Mturi N, Mohammed S, Mwambingu G, Ngetsa C, Awuondo K, Lowe B, Adetifa I, Scott JAG, Williams TN, Atkinson S, Osier F, Snow RW, Marsh K, Tsofa B, Peshu N, Hamaluba M, Berkley JA, Newton CRJ, Fondo J, Omar A, Bejon P. Observational study: 27 years of severe malaria surveillance in Kilifi, Kenya. BMC Med 2019; 17:124. [PMID: 31280724 PMCID: PMC6613255 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many parts of Africa have witnessed reductions in Plasmodium falciparum transmission over the last 15 years. Since immunity to malaria is acquired more rapidly at higher transmission, the slower acquisition of immunity at lower transmission may partially offset the benefits of reductions in transmission. We examined the clinical spectrum of disease and predictors of mortality after sustained changes in transmission intensity, using data collected from 1989 to 2016. METHODS We conducted a temporal observational analysis of 18,000 children, aged 14 days to 14 years old, who were admitted to Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, from 1989 to 2016 with malaria. We describe the trends over time of the clinical and laboratory criteria for severe malaria and associated risk of mortality. RESULTS During the time periods 1989-2003, 2004-2008, and 2009-2016, Kilifi County Hospital admitted averages of 657, 310, and 174 cases of severe malaria per year including averages of 48, 14, and 12 malaria-associated deaths per year, respectively. The median ages in years of children admitted with cerebral malaria, severe anaemia, and malaria-associated mortality were 3.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-3.9), 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.4), and 1.1 (95% CI 0.3-2.2) in the year 1989, rising to 4.9 (95% CI 3.9-5.9), 3.8 (95% CI 2.5-7.1), and 5 (95% CI 3.3-6.3) in the year 2016. The ratio of children with cerebral malaria to severe anaemia rose from 1:2 before 2004 to 3:2 after 2009. Hyperparasitaemia was a risk factor for death after 2009 but not in earlier time periods. CONCLUSION Despite the evidence of slower acquisition of immunity, continued reductions in the numbers of cases of severe malaria resulted in lower overall mortality. Our temporal data are limited to a single site, albeit potentially applicable to a secular trend present in many parts of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Njuguna
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kathryn Maitland
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Amek Nyaguara
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Mwanga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Polycarp Mogeni
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Neema Mturi
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Shebe Mohammed
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Gabriel Mwambingu
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Caroline Ngetsa
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kenedy Awuondo
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Brett Lowe
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ifedayo Adetifa
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J Anthony G Scott
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas N Williams
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sarah Atkinson
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Faith Osier
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Robert W Snow
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Marsh
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Tsofa
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Norbert Peshu
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Mainga Hamaluba
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - James A Berkley
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles R J Newton
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Fondo
- Kilifi County Department of Health, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anisa Omar
- Kilifi County Department of Health, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMR-C, KEMRI, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.
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23
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Khoury DS, Aogo R, Randriafanomezantsoa-Radohery G, McCaw JM, Simpson JA, McCarthy JS, Haque A, Cromer D, Davenport MP. Within-host modeling of blood-stage malaria. Immunol Rev 2019; 285:168-193. [PMID: 30129195 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malaria infection continues to be a major health problem worldwide and drug resistance in the major human parasite species, Plasmodium falciparum, is increasing in South East Asia. Control measures including novel drugs and vaccines are in development, and contributions to the rational design and optimal usage of these interventions are urgently needed. Infection involves the complex interaction of parasite dynamics, host immunity, and drug effects. The long life cycle (48 hours in the common human species) and synchronized replication cycle of the parasite population present significant challenges to modeling the dynamics of Plasmodium infection. Coupled with these, variation in immune recognition and drug action at different life cycle stages leads to further complexity. We review the development and progress of "within-host" models of Plasmodium infection, and how these have been applied to understanding and interpreting human infection and animal models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosemary Aogo
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - James M McCaw
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James S McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
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24
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Sundling C, Rönnberg C, Yman V, Asghar M, Jahnmatz P, Lakshmikanth T, Chen Y, Mikes J, Forsell MN, Sondén K, Achour A, Brodin P, Persson KE, Färnert A. B cell profiling in malaria reveals expansion and remodelling of CD11c+ B cell subsets. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126492. [PMID: 30939125 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity is important in limiting clinical disease in malaria, yet the longitudinal B cell response to infection remains unclear. We performed a 1-year prospective study in patients treated for acute P. falciparum malaria for the first time, or with previous exposure to the disease. Using an unbiased exploratory approach with mass cytometry, followed by targeted flow cytometry, we found that ~80% of mature B cells that proliferated in response to acute infection expressed CD11c. Only ~40% of CD11c+ B cells displayed an atypical B cell phenotype, with the remaining cells primarily made up of activated- and resting memory B cells. The CD11c+ B cells expanded rapidly following infection, with previous exposure to malaria resulting in a significantly larger increase compared to individuals with primary infection. This was attributed to an expansion of switched CD11c+ B cells that was absent in primary infected individuals. The rate of contraction of the CD11c+ B cell compartment was independent of previous exposure to malaria and displayed a slow decay with a half-life of ~300 days. Collectively, these results identify CD11c as a marker of B cells responding to malaria and further highlight differences in primary- and secondary B cell responses during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Rönnberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Yman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Jahnmatz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Mabtech AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yang Chen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jaromir Mikes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mattias N Forsell
- Division of Infection & Immunology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Klara Sondén
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Newborn Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristina Em Persson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Akter J, Khoury DS, Aogo R, Lansink LIM, SheelaNair A, Thomas BS, Laohamonthonkul P, Pernold CPS, Dixon MWA, Soon MSF, Fogg LG, Engel JA, Elliott T, Sebina I, James KR, Cromer D, Davenport MP, Haque A. Plasmodium-specific antibodies block in vivo parasite growth without clearing infected red blood cells. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007599. [PMID: 30811498 PMCID: PMC6411214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites invade and multiply inside red blood cells (RBC). Through a cycle of maturation, asexual replication, rupture and release of multiple infective merozoites, parasitised RBC (pRBC) can reach very high numbers in vivo, a process that correlates with disease severity in humans and experimental animals. Thus, controlling pRBC numbers can prevent or ameliorate malaria. In endemic regions, circulating parasite-specific antibodies associate with immunity to high parasitemia. Although in vitro assays reveal that protective antibodies could control pRBC via multiple mechanisms, in vivo assessment of antibody function remains challenging. Here, we employed two mouse models of antibody-mediated immunity to malaria, P. yoelii 17XNL and P. chabaudi chabaudi AS infection, to study infection-induced, parasite-specific antibody function in vivo. By tracking a single generation of pRBC, we tested the hypothesis that parasite-specific antibodies accelerate pRBC clearance. Though strongly protective against homologous re-challenge, parasite-specific IgG did not alter the rate of pRBC clearance, even in the presence of ongoing, systemic inflammation. Instead, antibodies prevented parasites progressing from one generation of RBC to the next. In vivo depletion studies using clodronate liposomes or cobra venom factor, suggested that optimal antibody function required splenic macrophages and dendritic cells, but not complement C3/C5-mediated killing. Finally, parasite-specific IgG bound poorly to the surface of pRBC, yet strongly to structures likely exposed by the rupture of mature schizonts. Thus, in our models of humoral immunity to malaria, infection-induced antibodies did not accelerate pRBC clearance, and instead co-operated with splenic phagocytes to block subsequent generations of pRBC. Malaria occurs when Plasmodium parasites replicate inside red blood cells, with the number of parasitised cells (pRBC) correlating with disease severity. Antibodies are highly effective at controlling pRBC numbers in the bloodstream, and yet we know very little about how they function in vivo. Human in vitro studies predict that antibodies may function in a number of ways, including via phagocytes or different complement mechanisms. However, to date it has been challenging to explore how antibodies might control parasite numbers in vivo. Here, we have used a unique method in mice, where clearance and replication of a single cohort of pRBC was closely tracked in the presence of protective antibodies. Surprisingly, antibodies played no role whatsoever in accelerating the removal of pRBC. Instead, antibodies were highly effective at preventing parasites from progressing from one generation of pRBC to the next. This process partly depended on host phagocytes. However, we found no role for complement-mediated direct killing. Together, our in vivo data suggest in mouse models that naturally-acquired antibodies do not clear pRBC, and instead prevent transition from one red blood cell to the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Akter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - David S. Khoury
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Kensington NSW, Australia
| | - Rosemary Aogo
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Kensington NSW, Australia
| | | | - Arya SheelaNair
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Bryce S. Thomas
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Matthew W. A. Dixon
- University of Melbourne, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan S. F. Soon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Lily G. Fogg
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Engel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Trish Elliott
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Ismail Sebina
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Kylie R. James
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Deborah Cromer
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Kensington NSW, Australia
| | - Miles P. Davenport
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Kensington NSW, Australia
- * E-mail: (MPD); (AH)
| | - Ashraful Haque
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane QLD, Australia
- * E-mail: (MPD); (AH)
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Greenhouse B, Daily J, Guinovart C, Goncalves B, Beeson J, Bell D, Chang MA, Cohen JM, Ding X, Domingo G, Eisele TP, Lammie PJ, Mayor A, Merienne N, Monteiro W, Painter J, Rodriguez I, White M, Drakeley C, Mueller I. Priority use cases for antibody-detecting assays of recent malaria exposure as tools to achieve and sustain malaria elimination. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:131. [PMID: 31172051 PMCID: PMC6545519 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12897.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of malaria specific antibody responses represents a practical and informative method for malaria control programs to assess recent exposure to infection. Technical advances in recombinant antigen production, serological screening platforms, and analytical methods have enabled the identification of several target antigens for laboratory based and point-of-contact tests. Questions remain as to how these serological assays can best be integrated into malaria surveillance activities to inform programmatic decision-making. This report synthesizes discussions from a convening at Institut Pasteur in Paris in June 2017 aimed at defining practical and informative use cases for serology applications and highlights five programmatic uses for serological assays including: documenting the absence of transmission; stratification of transmission; measuring the effect of interventions; informing a decentralized immediate response; and testing and treating P. vivax hypnozoite carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine,, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Caterina Guinovart
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - David Bell
- Intellectual Ventures, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas P. Eisele
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Wuelto Monteiro
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - John Painter
- Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine,, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Chris Drakeley
- London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, London, UK
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - The Malaria Serology Convening
- Department of Medicine,, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Consultant to UNITAID, Denver, CO, USA
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
- London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, London, UK
- The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Intellectual Ventures, Bellevue, WA, USA
- Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Boston, MA, USA
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Viera Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
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Beeson JG, Kurtovic L, Dobaño C, Opi DH, Chan JA, Feng G, Good MF, Reiling L, Boyle MJ. Challenges and strategies for developing efficacious and long-lasting malaria vaccines. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/474/eaau1458. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although there has been major recent progress in malaria vaccine development, substantial challenges remain for achieving highly efficacious and durable vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria. Greater knowledge of mechanisms and key targets of immunity are needed to accomplish this goal, together with new strategies for generating potent, long-lasting, functional immunity against multiple antigens. Implementation considerations in endemic areas will ultimately affect vaccine effectiveness, so innovations to simplify and enhance delivery are also needed. Whereas challenges remain, recent exciting progress and emerging knowledge promise hope for the future of malaria vaccines.
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