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Krämer J, Bar-Or A, Turner TJ, Wiendl H. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors for multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:289-304. [PMID: 37055617 PMCID: PMC10100639 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce both relapses and relapse-associated worsening of disability, which is assumed to be mainly associated with transient infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). However, approved therapies are less effective at slowing disability accumulation in patients with MS, in part owing to their lack of relevant effects on CNS-compartmentalized inflammation, which has been proposed to drive disability. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signalling molecule involved in the regulation of maturation, survival, migration and activation of B cells and microglia. As CNS-compartmentalized B cells and microglia are considered central to the immunopathogenesis of progressive MS, treatment with CNS-penetrant BTK inhibitors might curtail disease progression by targeting immune cells on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. Five BTK inhibitors that differ in selectivity, strength of inhibition, binding mechanisms and ability to modulate immune cells within the CNS are currently under investigation in clinical trials as a treatment for MS. This Review describes the role of BTK in various immune cells implicated in MS, provides an overview of preclinical data on BTK inhibitors and discusses the (largely preliminary) data from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krämer
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Neurotherapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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2
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Lazarian G, Yin S, Ten Hacken E, Sewastianik T, Uduman M, Font-Tello A, Gohil SH, Li S, Kim E, Joyal H, Billington L, Witten E, Zheng M, Huang T, Severgnini M, Lefebvre V, Rassenti LZ, Gutierrez C, Georgopoulos K, Ott CJ, Wang L, Kipps TJ, Burger JA, Livak KJ, Neuberg DS, Baran-Marszak F, Cymbalista F, Carrasco RD, Wu CJ. A hotspot mutation in transcription factor IKZF3 drives B cell neoplasia via transcriptional dysregulation. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:380-393.e8. [PMID: 33689703 PMCID: PMC8034546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hotspot mutation of IKZF3 (IKZF3-L162R) has been identified as a putative driver of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but its function remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate its driving role in CLL through a B cell-restricted conditional knockin mouse model. Mutant Ikzf3 alters DNA binding specificity and target selection, leading to hyperactivation of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, overexpression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) target genes, and development of CLL-like disease in elderly mice with a penetrance of ~40%. Human CLL carrying either IKZF3 mutation or high IKZF3 expression was associated with overexpression of BCR/NF-κB pathway members and reduced sensitivity to BCR signaling inhibition by ibrutinib. Our results thus highlight IKZF3 oncogenic function in CLL via transcriptional dysregulation and demonstrate that this pro-survival function can be achieved by either somatic mutation or overexpression of this CLL driver. This emphasizes the need for combinatorial approaches to overcome IKZF3-mediated BCR inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Lazarian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; INSERM, U978, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, APHP Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Shanye Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomasz Sewastianik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohamed Uduman
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alba Font-Tello
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Satyen H Gohil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Academic Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Kim
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Joyal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leah Billington
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Witten
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teddy Huang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariano Severgnini
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie Lefebvre
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, APHP Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Catherine Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Ott
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fanny Baran-Marszak
- INSERM, U978, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, APHP Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Florence Cymbalista
- INSERM, U978, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, APHP Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Ruben D Carrasco
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Tyagi RK, Tandel N, Deshpande R, Engelman RW, Patel SD, Tyagi P. Humanized Mice Are Instrumental to the Study of Plasmodium falciparum Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2550. [PMID: 30631319 PMCID: PMC6315153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Research using humanized mice has advanced our knowledge and understanding of human haematopoiesis, non-adaptive and adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, infectious disease, cancer biology, and regenerative medicine. Challenges posed by the human-malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum include its complex life cycle, the evolution of drug resistance against anti-malarials, poor diagnosis, and a lack of effective vaccines. Advancements in genetically engineered and immunodeficient mouse strains, have allowed for studies of the asexual blood stage, exoerythrocytic stage and the transition from liver-to-blood stage infection, in a single vertebrate host. This review discusses the process of "humanization" of various immunodeficient/transgenic strains and their contribution to translational biomedical research. Our work reviews the strategies employed to overcome the remaining-limitations of the developed human-mouse chimera(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Tyagi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Biomedical parasitology Unit, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Robert W. Engelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Priyanka Tyagi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, GD Goenka University, Gurgaon, India
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Manne BK, Badolia R, Dangelmaier C, Eble JA, Ellmeier W, Kahn M, Kunapuli SP. Distinct pathways regulate Syk protein activation downstream of immune tyrosine activation motif (ITAM) and hemITAM receptors in platelets. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11557-68. [PMID: 25767114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase pathways are known to play an important role in the activation of platelets. In particular, the GPVI and CLEC-2 receptors are known to activate Syk upon tyrosine phosphorylation of an immune tyrosine activation motif (ITAM) and hemITAM, respectively. However, unlike GPVI, the CLEC-2 receptor contains only one tyrosine motif in the intracellular domain. The mechanisms by which this receptor activates Syk are not completely understood. In this study, we identified a novel signaling mechanism in CLEC-2-mediated Syk activation. CLEC-2-mediated, but not GPVI-mediated, platelet activation and Syk phosphorylation were abolished by inhibition of PI3K, which demonstrates that PI3K regulates Syk downstream of CLEC-2. Ibrutinib, a Tec family kinase inhibitor, also completely abolished CLEC-2-mediated aggregation and Syk phosphorylation in human and murine platelets. Furthermore, embryos lacking both Btk and Tec exhibited cutaneous edema associated with blood-filled vessels in a typical lymphatic pattern similar to CLEC-2 or Syk-deficient embryos. Thus, our data show, for the first time, that PI3K and Tec family kinases play a crucial role in the regulation of platelet activation and Syk phosphorylation downstream of the CLEC-2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Kanth Manne
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Rachit Badolia
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Carol Dangelmaier
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Johannes A Eble
- the Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- the Division of Immunobiology, Institution of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and
| | - Mark Kahn
- the Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-5159
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140,
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5
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Chernova I, Jones DD, Wilmore JR, Bortnick A, Yucel M, Hershberg U, Allman D. Lasting antibody responses are mediated by a combination of newly formed and established bone marrow plasma cells drawn from clonally distinct precursors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4971-9. [PMID: 25326027 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current models hold that serum Ab titers are maintained chiefly by long-lived bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PCs). In this study, we characterize the role of subpopulations of BM PCs in long-term humoral responses to T cell-dependent Ag. Surprisingly, our results indicate that 40-50% of BM PCs are recently formed cells, defined, in part, by rapid steady-state turnover kinetics and secretion of low-affinity IgM Abs. Further, for months after immunization with a hapten-protein conjugate, newly formed Ag-induced, IgM-secreting BM PCs were detected in parallel with longer-lived IgG-secreting cells, suggesting ongoing and parallel input to the BM PC pool from two distinct pools of activated B cells. Consistent with this interpretation, IgM and IgG Abs secreted by cells within distinct PC subsets exhibited distinct L chain usage. We conclude that long-term Ab responses are maintained by a dynamic BM PC pool composed of both recently formed and long-lived PCs drawn from clonally disparate precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Chernova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Derek D Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joel R Wilmore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alexandra Bortnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mesut Yucel
- Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey; and
| | - Uri Hershberg
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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6
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Guikema JEJ, Linehan EK, Esa N, Tsuchimoto D, Nakabeppu Y, Woodland RT, Schrader CE. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 regulates the expansion of germinal centers by protecting against activation-induced cytidine deaminase-independent DNA damage in B cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:931-9. [PMID: 24935922 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates a process generating DNA mutations and breaks in germinal center (GC) B cells that are necessary for somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination. GC B cells can "tolerate" DNA damage while rapidly proliferating because of partial suppression of the DNA damage response by BCL6. In this study, we develop a model to study the response of mouse GC B cells to endogenous DNA damage. We show that the base excision repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) 2 protects activated B cells from oxidative damage in vitro. APE2-deficient mice have smaller GCs and reduced Ab responses compared with wild-type mice. DNA double-strand breaks are increased in the rapidly dividing GC centroblasts of APE2-deficient mice, which activate a p53-independent cell cycle checkpoint and a p53-dependent apoptotic response. Proliferative and/or oxidative damage and AID-dependent damage are additive stresses that correlate inversely with GC size in wild-type, AID-, and APE2-deficient mice. Excessive double-strand breaks lead to decreased expression of BCL6, which would enable DNA repair pathways but limit GC cell numbers. These results describe a nonredundant role for APE2 in the protection of GC cells from AID-independent damage, and although GC cells uniquely tolerate DNA damage, we find that the DNA damage response can still regulate GC size through pathways that involve p53 and BCL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen E J Guikema
- Department of Molecular and Physiological Systems, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Erin K Linehan
- Department of Molecular and Physiological Systems, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Nada Esa
- Department of Molecular and Physiological Systems, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Daisuke Tsuchimoto
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Robert T Woodland
- Department of Molecular and Physiological Systems, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Carol E Schrader
- Department of Molecular and Physiological Systems, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655;
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7
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Benson MJ, Rodriguez V, von Schack D, Keegan S, Cook TA, Edmonds J, Benoit S, Seth N, Du S, Messing D, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Rankin AL, Ruzek M, Schnute ME, Douhan J. Modeling the clinical phenotype of BTK inhibition in the mature murine immune system. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:185-97. [PMID: 24899507 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) possess much promise for the treatment of oncologic and autoimmune indications. However, our current knowledge of the role of BTK in immune competence has been gathered in the context of genetic inactivation of btk in both mice and man. Using the novel BTK inhibitor PF-303, we model the clinical phenotype of BTK inhibition by systematically examining the impact of PF-303 on the mature immune system in mice. We implicate BTK in tonic BCR signaling, demonstrate dependence of the T3 B cell subset and IgM surface expression on BTK activity, and find that B1 cells survive and function independently of BTK. Although BTK inhibition does not impact humoral memory survival, Ag-driven clonal expansion of memory B cells and Ab-secreting cell generation are inhibited. These data define the role of BTK in the mature immune system and mechanistically predict the clinical phenotype of chronic BTK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah J Benson
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140;
| | | | - David von Schack
- Biotherapeutics Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Sean Keegan
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Tim A Cook
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Jason Edmonds
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Stephen Benoit
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Nilufer Seth
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Sarah Du
- Biotherapeutics Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Dean Messing
- Biotherapeutics Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140; and
| | | | | | - Andrew L Rankin
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Melanie Ruzek
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Mark E Schnute
- Biotherapeutics Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - John Douhan
- Biotherapeutics Immunoscience, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140
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8
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Brühl H, Cihak J, Goebel N, Talke Y, Renner K, Hermann F, Rodriguez-Gomez M, Reich B, Plachý J, Stangassinger M, Mack M. Chondroitin sulfate activates B cells in vitro, expands CD138+ cells in vivo, and interferes with established humoral immune responses. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:65-72. [PMID: 24555985 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0913-502r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans have anti-inflammatory properties and interact with a variety of soluble and membrane-bound molecules. Little is known about their effects on B cells and humoral immune responses. We show that CS but not dextran or other glycosaminoglycans induces a pronounced proliferation of B cells in vitro compared with TLR4 or TLR9 ligands. With the use of inhibitors and KO mice, we demonstrate that this proliferation is mediated by the tyrosine kinases BTK and Syk but independent of CD44. Antibodies against Ig-α or Ig-β completely block CS-induced B cell proliferation. Injection of CS in mice for 4-5 days expands B cells in the spleen and results in a marked increase of CD138(+) cells in the spleen that is dependent on BTK but independent of CD4(+) T cells. Long-term treatment with CS for 14 days also increases CD138(+) cells in the bone marrow. When mice were immunized with APC or collagen and treated with CS for up to 14 days during primary or after secondary immune responses, antigen-specific humoral immune responses and antigen-specific CD138(+) plasma cells in the bone marrow were reduced significantly. These data show that CD138(+) cells, induced by treatment with CS, migrate into the bone marrow and may displace other antigen-specific plasma cells. Overall, CS is able to interfere markedly with primary and fully established humoral immune responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josef Cihak
- Institute for Animal Physiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Nicole Goebel
- II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Talke
- II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Reich
- II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jîŕi Plachý
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Matthias Mack
- II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany;
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9
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Bortnick A, Allman D. What is and what should always have been: long-lived plasma cells induced by T cell-independent antigens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5913-8. [PMID: 23749966 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well accepted that Ag-induced B cell differentiation often results in the generation of exceptionally long-lived plasma cells. Much of the work supporting this viewpoint stems from studies focused on germinal center-derived plasma cells secreting high-affinity isotype-switched Abs in mice immunized with T cell-dependent Ags. In contrast, less attention has been devoted to understanding Ab responses to T cell-independent Ags and pathogens. In this study, we review recent work showing that T cell-independent Ags consisting of either polysaccharides or LPSs also induce the formation of long-lived plasma cells, despite their general inability to sustain germinal center responses. This new information provides a framework for more fully understanding the forces underlying immunity to pathogens that resist T cell recognition and the extracellular cues governing plasma cell longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bortnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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10
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Nagi-Miura N. [Negative regulatory factor of CAWS (Candida albicans water-soluble fraction) -vasculitis in CBA/J mice as assessed by comparison with Bruton's tyrosine kinase-deficient CBA/N mice]. Med Mycol J 2013; 53:25-31. [PMID: 22467128 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.53.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS) has microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). It is a mannoprotein-β glucan complex obtained from the culture supernatant of Candida albicans NBRC1385 and exhibits vasculitis-inducing activity (CAWS vasculitis) in mice. The sensitivity to CAWS vasculitis varies greatly among mouse strains. This study examined the factors contributing to or inhibiting CAWS vasculitis using CAWS-vasculitis-resistant CBA/J mice and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)-deficient CBA/N mice, which is a CAWS-vasculitis-sensitive strain having the same origin as CBA/J mice. After stimulation with various kinds of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γwas induced in CBA/N mice, whereas that of immunosuppressive IL-10 was induced in CAWS-vasculitis-resistant CBA/J mice. The production of TIMP1, an endogenous matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, was observed in CBA/J mice. Furthermore, the induction of CAWS-vasculitis was inhibited by gene therapy using plasmid (pCAGGS-mIL-10). The results strongly suggest that the difference in the production of these cytokines is closely linked to the development of CAWS vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nagi-Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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11
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12
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Guikema JE, Gerstein RM, Linehan EK, Cloherty EK, Evan-Browning E, Tsuchimoto D, Nakabeppu Y, Schrader CE. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 is necessary for normal B cell development and recovery of lymphoid progenitors after chemotherapeutic challenge. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 186:1943-50. [PMID: 21228350 PMCID: PMC4041036 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B cell development involves rapid cellular proliferation, gene rearrangements, selection, and differentiation, and it provides a powerful model to study DNA repair processes in vivo. Analysis of the contribution of the base excision repair pathway in lymphocyte development has been lacking primarily owing to the essential nature of this repair pathway. However, mice deficient for the base excision repair enzyme, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 (APE2) protein develop relatively normally, but they display defects in lymphopoiesis. In this study, we present an extensive analysis of bone marrow hematopoiesis in mice nullizygous for APE2 and find an inhibition of the pro-B to pre-B cell transition. We find that APE2 is not required for V(D)J recombination and that the turnover rate of APE2-deficient progenitor B cells is nearly normal. However, the production rate of pro- and pre-B cells is reduced due to a p53-dependent DNA damage response. FACS-purified progenitors from APE2-deficient mice differentiate normally in response to IL-7 in in vitro stromal cell cocultures, but pro-B cells show defective expansion. Interestingly, APE2-deficient mice show a delay in recovery of B lymphocyte progenitors following bone marrow depletion by 5-fluorouracil, with the pro-B and pre-B cell pools still markedly decreased 2 wk after a single treatment. Our data demonstrate that APE2 has an important role in providing protection from DNA damage during lymphoid development, which is independent from its ubiquitous and essential homolog APE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen E.J. Guikema
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Rachel M. Gerstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Erin K. Linehan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Erin K. Cloherty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Eric Evan-Browning
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Daisuke Tsuchimoto
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Carol E. Schrader
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
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Khare A, Viswanathan B, Gund R, Jain N, Ravindran B, George A, Rath S, Bal V. Role of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase in macrophage apoptosis. Apoptosis 2010; 16:334-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Miura NN, Komai M, Adachi Y, Osada N, Kameoka Y, Suzuki K, Ohno N. IL-10 Is a Negative Regulatory Factor of CAWS-Vasculitis in CBA/J Mice as Assessed by Comparison with Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase-Deficient CBA/N Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:3417-24. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The recent description of a Lin(-)AA4.1(+)CD19(+)B220(Lo/-) B1-specified progenitor (B1P) population in adult marrow adds support for the argument that these unique B cells arise from a distinct lineage. However, the origins of B1P were not investigated and their developmental relationships to conventional B2 cells remain unclear. We now report that B1P development is IL-7Ralpha-dependent, and negatively regulated by Bruton tyrosine kinase. Lymphoid characteristics of B1P were further studied with recombination activating gene (RAG)-1/GFP knock-in, RAG-1/Cre reporter, and VEX transgenic mice. Our results reveal that they are heterogeneous with respect to lymphocyte affiliation. RAG-1(+) early lymphoid progenitors and Lin(-)Sca-1(+)cKit(Lo)IL-7Ralpha(+) common lymphoid progenitors from adult marrow efficiently generated CD19(+)CD45R/B220(Lo/-) cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, early lymphoid progenitors and common lymphoid progenitors produced significant numbers of peritoneal CD11b(+)CD5(+) B1a and CD11b(+)CD5(-) B1b cells in vivo. Finally, 2-step transplantation experiments established a differentiation pathway between conventional lymphoid progenitors, B1P, and mature B1 lymphocytes. Thus, our findings indicate that at least some B1P can be produced in adult bone marrow from primitive B2 progenitors, and suggest a developmental relationship between the major categories of B lymphocytes.
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16
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Montero E, Valdes M, Avellanet J, Lopez A, Perez R, Lage A. Chemotherapy induced transient B-cell depletion boosts antibody-forming cells expansion driven by an epidermal growth factor-based cancer vaccine. Vaccine 2009; 27:2230-9. [PMID: 19428837 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines efficacy may improve inducing a rapid and persistent immune response, early at diagnosis along with standard therapies. EGF chemically conjugated to the carrier protein P64k from Neisseria meningitidis in montanide ISA 51 adjuvant is under evaluation, aiming to stimulate a B-cell response. High-dose cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin after priming enhanced the long-term frequency of EGF-specific antibody-forming cells (AFC) of IgM and IgG isotypes, but not the P64k response. Resulting combination, limitedly operational in Btk deficient xid mice, suggests that preferential B-cell lymphocyte space promoted by cyclophosphamide facilitates remaining EGF-specific AFC undergo homeostatic proliferation driven by boosting, amplifying the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Montero
- Experimental Immunotherapy Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street & 15, Playa, Havana 11600, Cuba.
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17
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Thomas MD, Srivastava B, Allman D. Regulation of peripheral B cell maturation. Cell Immunol 2006; 239:92-102. [PMID: 16797504 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although it is clear that the final phases of B cell maturation occur after newly formed B cells exit the bone marrow, the mechanisms underpinning the maturation, selection, and long-term survival of immature peripheral B cells remain poorly understood. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling events integrate with additional environmental cues to promote the selection and differentiation of immature B cells into functionally distinct subpopulations of mature B cells. We pay particular attention to the role of the Baff cytokine family and the Notch receptor-ligand family and their unique roles in promoting B cell survival and differentiation into follicular and marginal zone B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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18
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Abstract
Immature B cells undergo key maturation and selection events after migrating to peripheral lymphoid organs. We will review recent advances in our understanding of the cell populations and molecular interactions underlying the differentiation of immature peripheral B cells into mature marginal zone (MZ) and follicular B cells, and discuss potential mechanisms by which numbers of MZ and follicular B cells are maintained. We will also discuss current controversies over the identity of precursor cells for MZ and follicular B cells, and propose a potentially unifying model for precursor-product relationships in peripheral B cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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19
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Miller AT, Berg LJ. New insights into the regulation and functions of Tec family tyrosine kinases in the immune system. Curr Opin Immunol 2002; 14:331-40. [PMID: 11973131 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-7915(02)00345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Tec family of protein tyrosine kinases play an important role in signaling through antigen-receptors such as the TCR, BCR and Fcepsilon receptor. Recent studies have generated new insights into the domains in Tec kinases that take part in intramolecular and intermolecular binding. Furthermore, the consequences of these domain interactions for Tec activation and downregulation have been better defined. Genetic studies of kinase-knockout mice have emphasized the importance of Tec kinases in lymphocyte development, differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Miller
- Department of Pathology and Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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