1
|
Song Y, Pan S, Tian J, Yu Y, Wang S, Qiu Q, Shen Y, Yang L, Liu X, Luan J, Wang Y, Wang J, Fan X, Meng F, Wang FS. Activation of CD14+ Monocytes via the IFN-γ Signaling Pathway Is Associated with Immune-Related Adverse Events in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Receiving PD-1 Inhibition Combination Therapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1140. [PMID: 38927347 PMCID: PMC11201226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a series of unique organ-specific inflammatory toxicities observed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing PD-1 inhibition combination therapy. The specific underlying mechanisms remain unclear. (2) Methods: We recruited 71 patients with HCC undergoing PD-1 inhibition combination therapy. These patients were then divided into two groups based on irAE occurrence: 34 had irAEs and 37 did not. Using Olink proteomics, we analyzed the aberrant inflammation-related proteins (IRPs) in these patient groups. For single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two representative patients at the pretreatment, irAE occurrence, and resolution stages. (3) Results: Our study revealed distinct plasma protein signatures in HCC patients experiencing irAEs after PD-1 inhibition combination therapy. We clarified the relationship between monocyte activation and irAEs, identified a strongly associated CD14-MC-CCL3 monocyte subset, and explored the role of the IFN-γ signaling pathway in monocyte activation during irAEs. (4) Conclusions: The activation of monocytes induced by the IFN-γ signaling pathway is an important mechanism underlying the occurrence of irAEs in HCC patients receiving PD-1 inhibition combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoru Song
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Shida Pan
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China;
| | - Jiahe Tian
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100191, China; (J.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Yingying Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China;
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Qin Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Yingjuan Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Luo Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Junqing Luan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Yilin Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Jianing Wang
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100191, China; (J.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Fanping Meng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100191, China; (J.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; (S.W.); (Q.Q.); (Y.S.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (X.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
You J, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Lou Y, Yao Y, Hao Y, Liu P. Natural Killer Cells Reprogram Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Induce TNF-α Release via NKG2D-Ligand Interaction after Cryo-Thermal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5151. [PMID: 38791188 PMCID: PMC11121051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, a novel cryothermal therapy (CTT) was developed to induce systemic long-term anti-tumor immunity. Natural killer (NK) cells were found to play an important role in CTT-induced long-term immune-mediated tumor control at the late stage after CTT, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells that have potent immunosuppressive effects on T cells and weaken the long-term benefits of immunotherapy. Consequently, overcoming MDSC immunosuppression is essential for maintaining the long-term efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study, we revealed that NK cells considerably diminish MDSC accumulation at the late stage after CTT, boost T cell production, increase T cell activation, and promote MDSC maturation, culminating in Th1-dominant CD4+ T cell differentiation and enhancing NK and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Additionally, NK cells activate ERK signaling in MDSCs through NKG2D-ligand interaction to increase the activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme (TACE)-cleaved membrane TNF-α. Furthermore, Increased TACE activity releases more soluble TNF-α from MDSCs to promote MDSC maturation. In our studies, we propose a novel mechanism by which NK cells can overcome MDSC-induced immunosuppression and maintain CTT-induced persistent anti-tumor immunity, providing a prospective therapeutic option to improve the performance of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (J.Y.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blanc-Durand F, Clemence Wei Xian L, Tan DSP. Targeting the immune microenvironment for ovarian cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1328651. [PMID: 38164130 PMCID: PMC10757966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1328651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a breakthrough in cancer therapy by reactivating the antitumor immune response suppressed by tumor cells. However, in the case of OC, these inhibitors have failed to demonstrate significant improvements in patient outcomes, and existing biomarkers have not yet identified promising subgroups. Consequently, there remains a pressing need to understand the interplay between OC tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment to develop effective immunotherapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide an overview of the OC TME and explore its potential as a therapeutic strategy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are major actors in OC TME. Evidence has been accumulating regarding the spontaneous TILS response against OC antigens. Activated T-helpers secrete a wide range of inflammatory cytokines with a supportive action on cytotoxic T-cells. Simultaneously, mature B-cells are recruited and play a significant antitumor role through opsonization of target antigens and T-cell recruitment. Macrophages also form an important subset of innate immunity (M1-macrophages) while participating in the immune-stimulation context. Finally, OC has shown to engage a significant natural-killer-cells immune response, exerting direct cytotoxicity without prior sensitization. Despite this initial cytotoxicity, OC cells develop various strategies to induce an immune-tolerant state. To this end, multiple immunosuppressive molecules are secreted to impair cytotoxic cells, recruit regulatory cells, alter antigen presentation, and effectively evade immune response. Consequently, OC TME is predominantly infiltrated by immunosuppressive cells such as FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells, M2-polarized macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Despite this strong immunosuppressive state, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have failed to improve outcomes. Beyond PD-1/PD-L1, OC expresses multiple other immune checkpoints that contribute to immune evasion, and each representing potential immune targets. Novel immunotherapies are attempting to overcome the immunosuppressive state and induce specific immune responses using antibodies adoptive cell therapy or vaccines. Overall, the OC TME presents both opportunities and obstacles. Immunotherapeutic approaches continue to show promise, and next-generation inhibitors offer exciting opportunities. However, tailoring therapies to individual immune characteristics will be critical for the success of these treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Blanc-Durand
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lai Clemence Wei Xian
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David S. P. Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR) and Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barnwal A, Tamang R, Sanjeev Das, Bhattacharyya J. Ponatinib delays the growth of solid tumours by remodelling immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment through the inhibition of induced PD-L1 expression. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1007-1021. [PMID: 37400678 PMCID: PMC10491662 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic modalities including chemo, radiation, immunotherapy, etc. induce PD-L1 expression that facilitates the adaptive immune resistance to evade the antitumour immune response. IFN-γ and hypoxia are some of the crucial inducers of PD-L1 expression in tumour and systemic microenvironment which regulate the expression of PD-L1 via various factors including HIF-1α and MAPK signalling. Hence, inhibition of these factors is crucial to regulate the induced PD-L1 expression and to achieve a durable therapeutic outcome by averting the immunosuppression. METHODS B16-F10 melanoma, 4T1 breast carcinoma, and GL261 glioblastoma murine models were established to investigate the in vivo antitumour efficacy of Ponatinib. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA were performed to determine the effect of Ponatinib on the immunomodulation of tumour microenvironment (TME). CTL assay and flow cytometry were such as p-MAPK, p-JNK, p-Erk, and cleaved caspase-3 carried out to evaluate the systemic immunity induced by Ponatinib. RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were used to determine the mechanism of PD-L1 regulation by Ponatinib. Antitumour immunity induced by Ponatinib were compared with Dasatinib. RESULTS Here, Ponatinib treatment delayed the growth of tumours by inhibiting PD-L1 and modulating TME. It also downregulated the level of PD-L1 downstream signalling molecules. Ponatinib enhanced the CD8 T cell infiltration, regulated Th1/Th2 ratio and depleted tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) in TME. It induced a favourable systemic antitumour immunity by enhancing CD8 T cell population, tumour specific CTL activity, balancing the Th1/Th2 ratio and lowering PD-L1 expression. Ponatinib inhibited FoxP3 expression in tumour and spleen. RNA sequencing data revealed that Ponatinib treatment downregulated the genes related to transcription including HIF-1α. Further mechanistic studies showed that it inhibited the IFN-γ and hypoxia induced PD-L1 expression via regulating HIF-1α. Dasatinib was used as control to prove that Ponatinib induced antitumour immunity is via PD-L1 inhibition mediated T cell activation. CONCLUSIONS RNA sequencing data along with rigorous in vitro and in vivo studies revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which Ponatinib can inhibit the induced PD-L1 levels via regulating HIF-1α expression which leads to modulation of tumour microenvironment. Thus, our study provides a novel therapeutic insight of Ponatinib for the treatment of solid tumours where it can be used alone or in combination with other drugs which are known to induce PD-L1 expression and generate adaptive resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Barnwal
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Das
- National Institute of Immunology, Delhi, India
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bandara V, Foeng J, Gundsambuu B, Norton TS, Napoli S, McPeake DJ, Tyllis TS, Rohani-Rad E, Abbott C, Mills SJ, Tan LY, Thompson EJ, Willet VM, Nikitaras VJ, Zheng J, Comerford I, Johnson A, Coombs J, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C, Cowin AJ, Bonder CS, Jensen M, Sadlon TJ, McColl SR, Barry SC. Pre-clinical validation of a pan-cancer CAR-T cell immunotherapy targeting nfP2X7. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5546. [PMID: 37684239 PMCID: PMC10491676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy is a novel treatment that genetically modifies the patients' own T cells to target and kill malignant cells. However, identification of tumour-specific antigens expressed on multiple solid cancer types, remains a major challenge. P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) is a cell surface expressed ATP gated cation channel, and a dysfunctional version of P2X7, named nfP2X7, has been identified on cancer cells from multiple tissues, while being undetectable on healthy cells. We present a prototype -human CAR-T construct targeting nfP2X7 showing potential antigen-specific cytotoxicity against twelve solid cancer types (breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, brain and skin). In xenograft mouse models of breast and prostate cancer, CAR-T cells targeting nfP2X7 exhibit robust anti-tumour efficacy. These data indicate that nfP2X7 is a suitable immunotherapy target because of its broad expression on human tumours. CAR-T cells targeting nfP2X7 have potential as a wide-spectrum cancer immunotherapy for solid tumours in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bandara
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jade Foeng
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Batjargal Gundsambuu
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Todd S Norton
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Silvana Napoli
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Dylan J McPeake
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Timona S Tyllis
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Elaheh Rohani-Rad
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Caitlin Abbott
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Stuart J Mills
- University of South Australia, STEM (Future Industries Institute) SA, Adelaide, 5095, Australia
| | - Lih Y Tan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Emma J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Vasiliki M Willet
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Victoria J Nikitaras
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jieren Zheng
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Adam Johnson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Justin Coombs
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration Centre, UniSA Bradley Building, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- University of South Australia, STEM (Future Industries Institute) SA, Adelaide, 5095, Australia
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Michael Jensen
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Timothy J Sadlon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration Centre, UniSA Bradley Building, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration Centre, UniSA Bradley Building, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spagnolo E, Martinez A, Mascarós-Martínez A, Marí-Alexandre J, Carbonell M, González-Cantó E, Pena-Burgos EM, Mc Cormack BA, Tomás-Pérez S, Gilabert-Estellés J, López-Carrasco A, Hidalgo P, Ángeles MA, Redondo A, Gallego A, Hernández A. Evaluation of Immune Infiltrates in Ovarian Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer: Relationship with Histological and Clinical Features. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12083. [PMID: 37569458 PMCID: PMC10418839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the association between ovarian endometriosis (OE) and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) is extensively documented, and misfunction of the immune system might be involved. The primary objective of this study was to identify and compare the spatial distribution of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in OE and EAOC. Secondary objectives included the analysis of the relationship between immunosuppressive populations and T-cell exhaustion markers in both groups. METHODS TILs (CD3, CD4, and CD8) and macrophages (CD163) were assessed by immunochemistry. Exhaustion markers (PD-1, TIM3, CD39, and FOXP3) and their relationship with tumour-associated macrophages (CD163) were assessed by immunofluorescence on paraffin-embedded samples from n = 43 OE and n = 54 EAOC patients. RESULTS we observed a predominantly intraepithelial CD3+ distribution in OE but both an intraepithelial and stromal pattern in EAOC (p < 0.001). TILs were more abundant in OE (p < 0.001), but higher TILs significantly correlated with a longer overall survival and disease-free survival in EAOC (p < 0.05). CD39 and FOXP3 significantly correlated with each other and CD163 (p < 0.05) at the epithelial level in moderate/intense CD4 EAOC, whereas in moderate/intense CD8+, PD-1+ and TIM3+ significantly correlated (p = 0.009). Finally, T-cell exhaustion markers FOXP3-CD39 were decreased and PD-1-TIM3 were significantly increased in EAOC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS the dysregulation of TILs, TAMs, and T-cell exhaustion might play a role in the malignization of OE to EAOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Spagnolo
- Department of Gynecology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.); (M.C.); (A.L.-C.); (A.H.)
- Research Institute “IdiPaz”, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Martinez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud-Institut Universitaire du Cancer du Toulouse (IUCT) Oncopole, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (M.A.Á.)
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Josep Marí-Alexandre
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Foundation, General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (B.A.M.C.); (S.T.-P.); (J.G.-E.)
| | - María Carbonell
- Department of Gynecology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.); (M.C.); (A.L.-C.); (A.H.)
- Research Institute “IdiPaz”, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva González-Cantó
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Foundation, General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (B.A.M.C.); (S.T.-P.); (J.G.-E.)
| | | | - Bárbara Andrea Mc Cormack
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Foundation, General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (B.A.M.C.); (S.T.-P.); (J.G.-E.)
| | - Sarai Tomás-Pérez
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Foundation, General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (B.A.M.C.); (S.T.-P.); (J.G.-E.)
| | - Juan Gilabert-Estellés
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Foundation, General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (B.A.M.C.); (S.T.-P.); (J.G.-E.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana López-Carrasco
- Department of Gynecology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.); (M.C.); (A.L.-C.); (A.H.)
- Research Institute “IdiPaz”, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Hidalgo
- Department of Radiology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Martina Aida Ángeles
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud-Institut Universitaire du Cancer du Toulouse (IUCT) Oncopole, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (M.A.Á.)
| | - Andrés Redondo
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Alejandro Gallego
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Alicia Hernández
- Department of Gynecology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.); (M.C.); (A.L.-C.); (A.H.)
- Research Institute “IdiPaz”, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu T, Li Y, Wang X, Yang X, Fu Y, Zheng Y, Gong H, He Z. The role of interferons in ovarian cancer progression: Hinderer or promoter? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1087620. [PMID: 36618371 PMCID: PMC9810991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1087620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecologic malignancy with poor prognosis and high mortality. Changes in the OC microenvironment are closely related to the genesis, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and drug-resistance. The OC microenvironment is regulated by Interferons (IFNs) known as a type of important cytokines. IFNs have a bidirectional regulation for OC cells growth and survival. Meanwhile, IFNs positively regulate the recruitment, differentiation and activation of immune cells. This review summarizes the secretion and the role of IFNs. In particular, we mainly elucidate the actions played by IFNs in various types of therapy. IFNs assist radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and biotherapy for OC, except for some IFN pathways that may cause chemo-resistance. In addition, we present some advances in OC treatment with the help of IFN pathways. IFNs have the ability to powerfully modulate the tumor microenvironment and can potentially provide new combination strategies for OC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhai Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yeteng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanlin Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Hanlin Gong, ; Zhiyao He,
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Hanlin Gong, ; Zhiyao He,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kozłowski M, Borzyszkowska D, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. The Role of TIM-3 and LAG-3 in the Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2826. [PMID: 36359346 PMCID: PMC9687228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies. The main treatment options are surgical removal of the tumor and chemotherapy. Cancer treatment has been revolutionized by immunotherapy, which has developed explosively over the past two decades. Clinical anticancer strategies used in immunotherapy include therapies based on the inhibition of PD-1, PD-L1 or CTLA-4. Despite encouraging results, a large proportion of cancer patients are resistant to these therapies or eventually develop resistance. It is important to perform research that will focus on immunotherapy based on other immune checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of the review was to analyze studies considering the expression of TIM-3 and LAG-3 in the ovarian cancer microenvironment and considering immunotherapy for ovarian cancer that includes antibodies directed against TIM-3 and LAG-3. As the data showed, the expression of the described immune checkpoints was shown in different ways. Higher TIM-3 expression was associated with a more advanced tumor stage. Both TIM-3 and LAG-3 were co-expressed with PD-1 in a large proportion of studies. The effect of LAG-3 expression on progression-free survival and/or overall survival is inconclusive and certainly requires further study. Co-expression of immune checkpoints prompts combination therapies using anti-LAG-3 or anti-TIM-3. Research on immune checkpoints, especially TIM-3 and LAG-3, should be further developed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Arman karakaya Y, Kilic D. Relationship Between Immunohistochemical CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, and PD1 Staining and Histopathological Diagnosis of Cervical Lesions in Patients With Abnormal Colposcopic Findings. Cureus 2022; 14:e31399. [PMID: 36514573 PMCID: PMC9742978 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to analyse the relationship between clinicopathological factors in cervical intraepithelial lesions and abnormal colposcopic findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and thirty low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) patients who underwent biopsy due to abnormal colposcopic findings were included in the study. The immunoreactivity of CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, and PD-1 was analysed immunohistochemically in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and stromal lymphocytes. RESULTS In TILs, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, and PD-1 were highly stained in 20/30 (66.6%), 16/30 (53.3%), 15/30 (50.0%), 24/30 (80.0%), and 13/30 (43.3%) of the cases for the HSIL group, while 7/30 (23.3%), 4/30 (13.3%), 5/30 (16.6%), 9/30 (30.0%), and 5/30 (16.6%) were in the LSIL group, respectively. CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, and PD-1 immunostainings for TILs were higher in the HSIL group (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.006, p˂0.001, p=0.024, respectively). Only PD-1 was significantly higher in lymphocytes in the stroma (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS CD3, CD4, and CD8 also show a positive correlation with the Ki-67 proliferation index. CD3, CD4, CD5, and CD8 may contribute to PD-1-mediated tumour control. Immunohistochemical staining plays a key role in evaluating the tumour microenvironment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hudry D, Le Guellec S, Meignan S, Bécourt S, Pasquesoone C, El Hajj H, Martínez-Gómez C, Leblanc É, Narducci F, Ladoire S. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Heterogeneity, Prognostic Impact, and Relationship with Immune Checkpoints. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5332. [PMID: 36358750 PMCID: PMC9656626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) are often diagnosed at an advanced stage with carcinomatosis and a poor prognosis. First-line treatment is based on a chemotherapy regimen combining a platinum-based drug and a taxane-based drug along with surgery. More than half of the patients will have concern about a recurrence. To improve the outcomes, new therapeutics are needed, and diverse strategies, such as immunotherapy, are currently being tested in EOC. To better understand the global immune contexture in EOC, several studies have been performed to decipher the landscape of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). CD8+ TILs are usually considered effective antitumor immune effectors that immune checkpoint inhibitors can potentially activate to reject tumor cells. To synthesize the knowledge of TILs in EOC, we conducted a review of studies published in MEDLINE or EMBASE in the last 10 years according to the PRISMA guidelines. The description and role of TILs in EOC prognosis are reviewed from the published data. The links between TILs, DNA repair deficiency, and ICs have been studied. Finally, this review describes the role of TILs in future immunotherapy for EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Hudry
- Inserm, U1192–Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse–PRISM, Lille University, F-59000 Lille, France
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Solenn Le Guellec
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Samuel Meignan
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, F-59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille University, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Bécourt
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Pasquesoone
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Houssein El Hajj
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Éric Leblanc
- Inserm, U1192–Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse–PRISM, Lille University, F-59000 Lille, France
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Narducci
- Inserm, U1192–Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse–PRISM, Lille University, F-59000 Lille, France
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oscar Lambret Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Ladoire
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM, CRI-866 Faculty of Medicine, F-21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vlaming M, Bilemjian V, Freile JÁ, Melo V, Plat A, Huls G, Nijman H, de Bruyn M, Bremer E. Tumor infiltrating CD8/CD103/TIM-3-expressing lymphocytes in epithelial ovarian cancer co-express CXCL13 and associate with improved survival. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031746. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) with immune checkpoint inhibitors or co-stimulators has proven to be an effective anti-cancer strategy for a broad range of malignancies. However, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains largely refractory to current T cell-targeting immunotherapeutics. Therefore, identification of novel immune checkpoint targets and biomarkers with prognostic value for EOC is warranted. Combining multicolor immunofluorescent staining’s with single cell RNA-sequencing analysis, we here identified a TIM-3/CXCL13-positive tissue-resident memory (CD8/CD103-positive) T cell (Trm) population in EOC. Analysis of a cohort of ~175 patients with high-grade serous EOC revealed TIM-3-positive Trm were significantly associated with improved patient survival. As CXCL13-positive CD8-positive T cells have been strongly linked to patient response to anti-PD1 immune checkpoint blockade, combinatorial TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade therapy may be of interest for the (re)activation of anti-cancer immunity in EOC.
Collapse
|
12
|
Castenmiller S, de Groot R, Guislain A, Monkhorst K, Hartemink K, Veenhof A, Smit E, Haanen J, Wolkers M. Effective generation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte products from metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lesions irrespective of location and previous treatments. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:100090. [PMID: 35965844 PMCID: PMC9372740 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Because current treatment regimens show limited success rates, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed. We recently showed that treatment-naïve, stage I/II primary NSCLC tumors contain a high percentage of tumor-reactive T cells, and that these tumor-reactive T cells can be effectively expanded and used for the generation of autologous tumor-infiltrating T cell (TIL) therapy. Whether these promising findings also hold true for metastatic lesions is unknown yet critical for translation into the clinic. Materials and methods We studied the lymphocyte composition using flow cytometry from 27 metastatic NSCLC lesions obtained from different locations and from patients with different histories of treatment regimens. We determined the expansion capacity of TILs with the clinically approved protocol, and measured their capacity to produce the key pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 2 and to express CD137 upon co-culture of expanded TILs with the autologous tumor digest. Results The overall number and composition of lymphocyte infiltrates from the various metastatic lesions was by and large comparable to that of early-stage primary NSCLC tumors. We effectively expanded TILs from all metastatic NSCLC lesions to numbers that were compatible with TIL transfusion, irrespective of the location of the metastasis and of the previous treatment. Importantly, 16 of 21 (76%) tested TIL products displayed antitumoral activity, and several contained polyfunctional T cells. Conclusions Metastatic NSCLC lesions constitute a viable source for the generation of tumor-reactive TIL products for therapeutic purposes irrespective of their location and the pre-treatment regimens. T cells can be efficiently isolated and expanded from late-stage NSCLC lesions. TIL products from metastatic NSCLC lesions are polyfunctional. Metastatic location or pre-treatment regimen does not affect T cells. Adoptive TIL therapy is a therapeutic option for late-stage NSCLC patients.
Collapse
|
13
|
Haruna M, Ueyama A, Yamamoto Y, Hirata M, Goto K, Yoshida H, Higuchi N, Yoshida T, Kidani Y, Nakamura Y, Nagira M, Kawashima A, Iwahori K, Shintani Y, Ohkura N, Wada H. The impact of CCR8+ regulatory T cells on cytotoxic T cell function in human lung cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5377. [PMID: 35354899 PMCID: PMC8967908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress the host immune response and maintain immune homeostasis. Tregs also promote cancer progression and are involved in resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments. Recent studies identified selective CCR8 expression on tumor-infiltrating Tregs; CCR8+ Tregs have been indicated as a possible new target of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the features of CCR8+ Tregs in lung cancer patients. CCR8+ Tregs were highly activated and infiltration of CCR8+ Tregs in tumors was associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. We also investigated their immune suppressive function, especially the influence on cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell function. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis revealed that CD8 T cell activities were suppressed in high CCR8-expressing tumors. Additionally, depletion of CCR8+ cells enhanced CD8 T cell function in an ex vivo culture of lung tumor-infiltrating cells. Moreover, CCR8+ Tregs, but not CCR8− Tregs, induced from human PBMCs markedly suppressed CD8 T cell cytotoxicity. Finally, we demonstrated the therapeutic effect of targeting CCR8 in a murine model of lung cancer. These findings reveal the significance of CCR8+ Tregs for immunosuppression in lung cancer, especially via cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell suppression, and suggest the potential value of CCR8-targeted therapy for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
14
|
霍 叶, 王 月, 安 娜, 杜 雪. [TIM-3 gene is highly expressed in ephithelial ovarian cancer to promote proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:190-200. [PMID: 35365442 PMCID: PMC8983363 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.02.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression of immunoglobulin mucin molecule 3 (TIM-3) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and the effects of TIM-3 knockdown and overexpression on proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. METHODS We analyzed TIM-3 expression in EOC and normal ovarian tissues using GEPIA database. We also detected TIM-3 expression levels in 82 surgical specimens of EOC and 18 specimens of normal ovarian tissues using immunohistochemistry, and analyzed the correlation of TIM-3 expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes of the patients. The expression of TIM-3 and Wnt1 mRNA in the tissues were detected using qRT-PCR. We constructed SKOV3 cell models of TIM-3 knockdown and overexpression and examined the changes in proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of the cells using MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, scratch test and Transwell assay. The activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the transfected was detected using dual luciferase reporter assay, and the mRNA levels of TCF-7, TCCFL-2 and CD44 were detected using qPCR. The protein expressions of MMP-9, CD44, Wnt1, β-catenin and E-cad in the transfected cells were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS The positive expression rate of TIM-3 was significantly higher in EOC tissues than in normal ovarian tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of TIM-3 was significantly correlated with FIGO stage, histological differentiation and lymph node metastasis, and was positively correlated with Wnt1 level (P < 0.05). In SKOV3 cells, TIM-3 knockdown significantly lowered the activity of Wnt/ β-catenin pathway, inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis. TIM-3 knockdown significantly down-regulated the mRNA levels of TCF-7, TCFL-2 and CD44 and the protein levels of MMP-9, CD44, Wnt1 and β-catenin, and significantly up-regulated the expression level of E-cad (P < 0.05). Overexpression of TIM-3 caused opposite effects in SKOV3 cells. CONCLUSION TIM-3 is highly expressed in EOC tissue to promote malignant behaviors of the tumor cells possibly by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 叶琳 霍
- 天津医科大学总医院妇科,天津 300000Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
- 河北省保定市第一医院妇科,河北 保定 071000Department of Gynecology, Baoding First Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
| | - 月 王
- 河北大学附属医院肿瘤内科,河北 保定 071000Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - 娜 安
- 河北大学附属医院肿瘤内科,河北 保定 071000Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - 雪 杜
- 天津医科大学总医院妇科,天津 300000Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu J, Sun Y, Li J, Ai M, You L, Shi J, Yu F. Analysis of Prognostic Alternative Splicing Reveals the Landscape of Immune Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:763886. [PMID: 34733794 PMCID: PMC8558422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.763886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of thyroid cancer (THCA) continues to increase in recent decades. Accumulating evidence showed that the unbalanced alternative splicing (AS) promotes the occurrence of cancers and leads to poor prognosis of patients. However, the research on alternative splicing events in THCA is lacking, and its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This study identifies a novel prognostic signature based on AS events to reveal the relationship of AS with tumor immune microenvironment. Methods Based on the AS data, transcriptional data, and clinical information, the differentially expressed alternative splicings (DEASs) were screened out. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multi-Cox regression analyses were employed to identify prognostic results related to AS events and establish a prognostic signature. The predictive ability of the signature was assessed by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve, risk plots, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, correlations between tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoints, immune score and prognostic signature were analyzed. Results According to the LASSO regression analysis, a total of five AS events were selected to construct the signature. K-M survival curve showed that the higher the risk score, the worse the OS of the patients. Risk plots further confirmed this result. ROC curves indicated the high predictive efficiency of the prognostic signature. As for tumor immune microenvironment, patients in the high-risk group had a higher proportion of immune cells, including plasma cell, CD8+ T cell, macrophages (M0 and M2), and activated dendritic cell. Immune checkpoint proteins, such as PDCD1LG2, HAVCR2, CD274, etc., were significantly higher in the high-risk group. We also found that the ESTIMATE score, stromal score, and immune score were lower in the high-risk group, while the result of tumor purity was the opposite. Conclusions Collectively, a prognostic signature consisting of five AS events in THCA was established. Furthermore, there was an inextricable correlation between immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint proteins, and AS events. This study will provide a basis for THCA immunotherapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maomao Ai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu J, Fang P, Wang C, Gu M, Pan B, Guo W, Yang X, Wang B. The immunomodulatory activity of lenvatinib prompts the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7977-7987. [PMID: 34605616 PMCID: PMC8607247 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib is a novel multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Although its main function is to suppress VEGFR and FGFR pathway, its immunomodulatory activity in HCC is not elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory capability of lenvatinib in HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Totally 47 patients with HCC were enrolled in this study, and the immune cells and serum cytokine profiles before initiation of treatment and after 1 and 3 months were measured. The immune checkpoint receptors on the immune cells were also evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival estimate and log rank tests were used to assess the prognostic value. RESULT The frequency of T helper (Th) cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells reduced after lenvatinib treatment, while cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells increased significantly. The cytokine profiles showed IL-2, IL-5, IFN-γ increased; other cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, TNF- α and TNF- β decreased with lenvatinib therapy. Furthermore, the PD-1 and TIM-3 expressed on CTL had greatly decreased; the expression of TIM-3 and CTLA-4 was reduced on Treg cells as well. Besides, the new index CTL/Treg ratio was created, and low ratio was associated with the unfavorable outcome of HCC patients. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that lenvatinib is capable of improving patients' immune status, saving the effector cells from exhaustion status and inhibiting the number and function of immunosuppressive cells. The novel index CTL/Treg ratio qualifies as a predictor for the outcome of patients with lenvatinib therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiqi Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meixiu Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang G, Cui M, Jiang W, Sheng J, Yang Y, Zhang X. Molecular switch in human diseases-disintegrin and metalloproteinases, ADAM17. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16859-16872. [PMID: 34182543 PMCID: PMC8266367 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are a family of cell surface proteins with crucial roles in the regulation of cell adhesion, cell proliferation to migration, proteolysis and cell signaling transduction pathways. Among these enzymes, the ADAM17 shows significant effects in the “ectodomain shedding” of its substrates such as cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α, TNFα), growth factors (e.g., epidermal growth factor, EGF), adhesion proteins (e.g., L-selectin), and their receptors (e.g., IL-6R and TNFα). Several studies focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms of ADAM17 in diseased conditions. Here, we took several different approaches to elucidate the function of ADAM17, the participation of ADAM17 in several human diseases, and the potential as targeted therapy reagents. As more and more studies verify the miRNA-mediated expression variation of ADAM17, the specific regulation network of miRNAs and ADAM17 was exploited in this review as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Manabe K, Yamasaki O, Nakagawa Y, Miyake T, Udono H, Morizane S. Multifunctionality of CD8 + T cells and PD-L1 expression as a biomarker of anti-PD-1 antibody efficacy in advanced melanoma. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1186-1192. [PMID: 33890340 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies have become a standard treatment for advanced melanoma. However, a predictive biomarker for assessing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibodies has not been identified. In cancer, CD8+ T cells specific for tumor antigens undergo repeated T-cell receptor stimulation due to the persistence of cancer cells and gradually lose their ability to secrete interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). We aimed to evaluate multi-cytokine production and immune exhaustion of peripheral CD8+ T cells in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies. Twenty-four melanoma patients treated with nivolumab were included. Effector cytokine production (IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and expression of an exhaustion marker (PD-1) in patients' CD8+ cells were analyzed with flow cytometry. The relationships between parameters such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and clinical response to nivolumab were examined. Immunohistochemistry for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and analysis of their association with clinical response were performed. The clinical response rate to nivolumab was 29%. Regarding TILs, NLR, and several other parameters, no significant difference was found between responders and non-responders. The responder group showed an increase in the percentage of PD-1+ CD8+ /TNF-α+ IFN-γ+ or PD-1+ CD8+ /IFN-γ+ IL-2+ TNF-α+ T cells compared to non-responders. Positivity for PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in the responder group than the non-responder group. In advanced melanoma, the percentage of multifunctional CD8+ PD-1+ T cells and PD-L1 expression in the tumors may be a biomarker for a good response to anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Manabe
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyake
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Heiichiro Udono
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Morizane
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
James NE, Woodman M, DiSilvestro PA, Ribeiro JR. The Perfect Combination: Enhancing Patient Response to PD-1-Based Therapies in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082150. [PMID: 32756436 PMCID: PMC7466102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, with an overall 5-year survival of only 47%. As the development of novel targeted therapies is drastically necessary in order to improve patient survival, current EOC clinical trials have heavily focused on immunotherapeutic approaches, centered upon programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors. While PD-1 monotherapies have only exhibited modest responses for patients, it has been theorized that in order to enhance EOC patient response to immunotherapy, combinatorial regimens must be investigated. In this review, unique challenges to EOC PD-1 response will be discussed, along with a comprehensive description of both preclinical and clinical studies evaluating PD-1-based combinatorial therapies. Promising aspects of PD-1-based combinatorial approaches are highlighted, while also discussing specific preclinical and clinical areas of research that need to be addressed, in order to optimize EOC patient immunotherapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. James
- Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (N.E.J.); (M.W.); (P.A.D.)
| | - Morgan Woodman
- Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (N.E.J.); (M.W.); (P.A.D.)
| | - Paul A. DiSilvestro
- Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (N.E.J.); (M.W.); (P.A.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Ribeiro
- Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (N.E.J.); (M.W.); (P.A.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martinez A, Delord JP, Ayyoub M, Devaud C. Preclinical and Clinical Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1761. [PMID: 32630708 PMCID: PMC7409311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years, the immune system has increasingly been recognized as a major player in tumor cell control, leading to considerable advances in cancer treatment. While promising with regards to melanoma, renal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy provides, for the time being, limited success in other cancers, including ovarian cancer, potentially due to insufficient immunogenicity or to a particularly immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this review, we provide a global description of the immune context of ovarian cancer, in particular epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We describe the adaptive and innate components involved in the EOC immune response, including infiltrating tumor-specific T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and natural killer and myeloid cells. In addition, we highlight the rationale behind the use of EOC preclinical mouse models to assess resistance to immunotherapy, and we summarize the main preclinical studies that yielded anti-EOC immunotherapeutic strategies. Finally, we focus on major published or ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials concerning EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martinez
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT), 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Devaud
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Crowther MD, Svane IM, Met Ö. T-Cell Gene Therapy in Cancer Immunotherapy: Why It Is No Longer Just CARs on The Road. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071588. [PMID: 32630096 PMCID: PMC7407663 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cells have a natural ability to fight cancer cells in the tumour microenvironment. Due to thymic selection and tissue-driven immunomodulation, these cancer-fighting T-cells are generally low in number and exhausted. One way to overcome these issues is to genetically alter T-cells to improve their effectiveness. This process can involve introducing a receptor that has high affinity for a tumour antigen, with two promising candidates known as chimeric-antigen receptors (CARs), or T-cell receptors (TCRs) with high tumour specificity. This review focuses on the editing of immune cells to introduce such novel receptors to improve immune responses to cancer. These new receptors redirect T-cells innate killing abilities to the appropriate target on cancer cells. CARs are modified receptors that recognise whole proteins on the surface of cancer cells. They have been shown to be very effective in haematological malignancies but have limited documented efficacy in solid cancers. TCRs recognise internal antigens and therefore enable targeting of a much wider range of antigens. TCRs require major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction but novel TCRs may have broader antigen recognition. Moreover, there are multiple cell types which can be used as targets to improve the “off-the-shelf” capabilities of these genetic engineering methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Crowther
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (M.D.C.); (Ö.M.)
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Özcan Met
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (M.D.C.); (Ö.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun L, Zou S, Ding S, Du X, Shen Y, Liu C, Shi B, Zhang X. Circulating T Cells Exhibit Different TIM3/Galectin-9 Expression in Patients with Obesity and Obesity-Related Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:2583257. [PMID: 33123595 PMCID: PMC7585658 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2583257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is highly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The TIM3/galectin-9 pathway plays an important role in immune tolerance. Herein, we aimed to investigate the expression of TIM3 and galectin-9 in peripheral blood and to evaluate their clinical significance in patients with obesity and obesity-related T2DM. METHODS We performed flow cytometry on peripheral blood samples from healthy donors (HC), patients with simple obesity (OB), and patients with obesity comorbid T2DM (OD). The expression of TIM3 on CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was determined. The level of galectin-9 in plasma was detected by ELISA. RESULTS We demonstrated the enhancement of TIM3 on CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in the OB group when compared with healthy controls, while it was decreased significantly in the OD group. The TIM3+CD8+ T cells of the OB group were positively correlated with risk factors including BMI, body fat rate, and hipline. The concentration of galectin-9 of the OD group in plasma was significantly higher than that of healthy donors and the OB group. Moreover, the level of galectin-9 of the OD group was positively correlated with fasting insulin and C-peptide, which were two clinical features that represented pancreatic islet function in T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that TIM3 and galectin-9 may be potential biomarkers related to the pathogenesis of obesity-related T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu, China
- Departments of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengyi Zou
- Departments of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu, China
| | - Sisi Ding
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Du
- Departments of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu, China
| | - Bimin Shi
- Departments of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|