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Esposito M, Amory JK, Kang Y. The pathogenic role of retinoid nuclear receptor signaling in cancer and metabolic syndromes. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20240519. [PMID: 39133222 PMCID: PMC11318670 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20240519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinoid nuclear receptor pathway, activated by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid, has been extensively investigated for over a century. This study has resulted in conflicting hypotheses about how the pathway regulates health and how it should be pharmaceutically manipulated. These disagreements arise from a fundamental contradiction: retinoid agonists offer clear benefits to select patients with rare bone growth disorders, acute promyelocytic leukemia, and some dermatologic diseases, yet therapeutic retinoid pathway activation frequently causes more harm than good, both through acute metabolic dysregulation and a delayed cancer-promoting effect. In this review, we discuss controlled clinical, mechanistic, and genetic data to suggest several disease settings where inhibition of the retinoid pathway may be a compelling therapeutic strategy, such as solid cancers or metabolic syndromes, and also caution against continued testing of retinoid agonists in cancer patients. Considerable evidence suggests a central role for retinoid regulation of immunity and metabolism, with therapeutic opportunities to antagonize retinoid signaling proposed in cancer, diabetes, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Esposito
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Kayothera, Inc , Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Princeton Branch , Princeton, NJ, USA
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Vlahopoulos SA. Divergent Processing of Cell Stress Signals as the Basis of Cancer Progression: Licensing NFκB on Chromatin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8621. [PMID: 39201306 PMCID: PMC11354898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is activated by diverse triggers that induce the expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules, which permit a succession of molecules and cells to deliver stimuli and functions that help the immune system clear the primary cause of tissue damage, whether this is an infection, a tumor, or a trauma. During inflammation, short-term changes in the expression and secretion of strong mediators of inflammation occur, while long-term changes occur to specific groups of cells. Long-term changes include cellular transdifferentiation for some types of cells that need to regenerate damaged tissue, as well as death for specific immune cells that can be detrimental to tissue integrity if they remain active beyond the boundaries of essential function. The transcriptional regulator NFκB enables some of the fundamental gene expression changes during inflammation, as well as during tissue development. During recurrence of malignant disease, cell stress-induced alterations enable the growth of cancer cell clones that are substantially resistant to therapeutic intervention and to the immune system. A number of those alterations occur due to significant defects in feedback signal cascades that control the activity of NFκB. Specifically, cell stress contributes to feedback defects as it overrides modules that otherwise control inflammation to protect host tissue. NFκB is involved in both the suppression and promotion of cancer, and the key distinctive feature that determines its net effect remains unclear. This paper aims to provide a clear answer to at least one aspect of this question, namely the mechanism that enables a divergent response of cancer cells to critical inflammatory stimuli and to cell stress in general.
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Wang D, Wei L, Hao J, Tang W, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Wang J. PCLLA-nanoHA Bone Substitute Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization and Improves Alveolar Bone Repair in Diabetic Environments. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:536. [PMID: 37998104 PMCID: PMC10671921 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of bioresorbable synthetic bone substitutes with immunomodulatory properties has gained significant attention in dental clinical applications for the absorption of alveolar bone induced by orthodontic treatment. In this study, we developed two distinct materials: a conventional hydroxyapatite (HA) bone powder comprised of hydroxyapatite particles and nanoHA embedded within a poly(caprolactone-co-lactide) (PCLLA) elastomeric matrix. We assessed the physicochemical characteristics of the bone substitute, specifically focusing on its composition and the controlled release of ions. Our findings show that PCLLA-nanoHA has deformable properties under 40 N, and a significant release of Ca and P elements was noted after 7 days in aqueous settings. Moreover, at the protein and gene expression levels, PCLLA-nanoHA enhances the capacity of macrophages to polarize towards an M2 phenotype in vitro. In vivo, PCLLA-nanoHA exhibits comparable effects to standard HA bone powder in terms of promoting alveolar bone regeneration. Extensive investigations reveal that PCLLA-nanoHA surpasses the commonly employed HA bone powder in stimulating bone tissue repair in diabetic mice. We have identified that PCLLA-nanoHA regulates macrophage M2 polarization by activating the PI3K/AKT and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) signaling pathways, thereby facilitating a favorable local immune microenvironment conducive to bone repair and regeneration. Our findings suggest that PCLLA-nanoHA presents itself as a promising bioresorbable bone substitute with properties that promote macrophage M2 polarization, particularly in the context of regulating the local microenvironment of alveolar bone in diabetic mice, potentially facilitating bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Ling Wei
- Third Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (L.W.); (W.T.)
| | - Jialin Hao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China;
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Third Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (L.W.); (W.T.)
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1092 Jianshe Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Huang A, Guo F, Yu Z, Liu P, Dong S, Zhang Y, Kong Y, Kong X, Li T, Luo Y, Xia H, Shi K, Xia J. Engineered Apoptosis-Bioinspired Nanoparticles Initiate Immune Cascade for Cancer Immunotherapy of Malignant Ascites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10371-10382. [PMID: 36786554 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malignant ascites (MA) is a common symptom of peritoneal metastasis in liver cancer. Cancer immunotherapy can modulate immune cells to induce antitumor immune efficiency. Reprogramming tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a momentous strategy to overcome immunosuppression and achieve immune functional normalization. Inspired by the inherent apoptotic bodies and vesicles, we proposed and systematically studied engineered apoptosis-bioinspired nanoparticles (EBN) for cancer immunotherapy of MA. Using both in vitro and in vivo experimental validations, we elucidated that EBN could be efficiently engulfed by the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and manipulate their polarization. Moreover, a boosted immune cascade response as a result of heightening cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) activity was investigated. Based on these results, EBN was confirmed to have strong immune cascade activation capability. Remarkably, the injection of EBN further reduced ascites volume and reformed immune cell subtypes, compared to the injection of either PBS or free TMP195 alone. In short, this novel nanodrug delivery system (NDDS) represents a prospective immunotherapeutic approach for clinical therapeutics of hepatoma ascites and other malignant effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Feixia Guo
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Pixu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shiying Dong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yunjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yifan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiuyan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ting Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yongde Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital & School of Pharmacological Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Hongping Xia
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine & Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Keqing Shi
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Nakayama K, Nishijo T, Miyazawa M, Watabe T, Azuma M, Sakaguchi H. Hapten sensitization to vaginal mucosa induces less recruitment of dendritic cells accompanying TGF-β-expressing CD206 + cells compared with skin. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e605. [PMID: 35349751 PMCID: PMC8959427 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contact hypersensitivity (CHS), a type of delayed-type hypersensitivity, is induced by hapten exposure to the skin and mucosa. We previously reported that, in a murine model of CHS, the vaginal mucosa (VM) sensitization showed lower T-cell responses as compared with the abdominal skin sensitization. To investigate mechanisms of impaired CHS by the VM sensitization, we compared migration of hapten-captured dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and recruitment of DCs at the sensitized local sites. METHODS Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was used as hapten, and migration of FITC+ DCs in the dLNs and local recruitment of MHC class II+ and CD11c+ cells were compared between abdominal skin and VM sensitization by flow cytometric analyses and immunohistochemistry. Expression of tumor growth factor (TGF)-β at mRNA and protein levels, and local recruitment of CD206+ cells were examined after VM sensitization. RESULTS VM sensitization showed less numbers of FITC+ MHC class IIhigh CD11c+ migratory DCs in the dLNs at 6 and 24 h, as compared with skin sensitization. Both skin and VM sensitization induced the recruitment of dermal/submucosal DCs at 6 h, but the number of submucosal DCs in the VM was significantly decreased at 24 h. VM showed persistently higher mRNA levels of TGF-β2/β3 expression than those of the skin before and after sensitization. In the VM sensitization, increment of CD206+ MHC class II+ cells was observed especially at the deep lamina propria at 24 h. Most of CD206+ cells were also positive for the binding to Fc chimeric TGF-β receptor that interacts with all TGF-β isoforms, suggesting TGF-β expression. CONCLUSION DC migration to dLNs and localization of DCs at the sensitized sites are limited in the VM sensitization. Our results suggest that the existence of TGF-β-expressing CD206+ cells may contribute less sensitization ability and CHS responses in the VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nakayama
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao CorporationHagaTochigiJapan
| | - Taku Nishijo
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao CorporationHagaTochigiJapan
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao CorporationHagaTochigiJapan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of BiochemistryGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular ImmunologyGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Hitoshi Sakaguchi
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao CorporationHagaTochigiJapan
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Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Cells That Contribute to the Immune Paralysis Are Generated in the Early Phase of Sepsis via PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00771-20. [PMID: 33753411 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00771-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune paralysis is a protracted state of immune suppression following the early/acute inflammatory phase of sepsis. CD11b+ Gr-1+ cells induced during sepsis are heterogeneous myeloid-derived cells (MDCs). This study investigated the contribution of MDCs to immune paralysis. Treatment of mice with zymosan (ZM) induced a marked increase in the total number of splenocytes with an increase in the proportion of Gr-1hi cells and a decrease in the proportion of T cells on day 7; levels of these cells eventually return to levels similar to those of control mice on day 21. T-cell activation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) expression by CD8+ T cells were clearly impaired in ZM-treated mice on day 21 (d21-ZM mice). Gr-1hi cells showed a CD11b+ Ly6Ghi polymorphonuclear phenotype. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into d21-ZM mice impaired interleukin 6 (IL-6) production in serum, accompanied by accumulation of CD11b+ Gr-1hi cells in the peripheral blood. Transfer of Gr-1hi cells from d21-ZM mice into intact mice impaired IL-6 production, but similar transfer of Gr-1hi cells from PD-1/PD-L1-deficient d21-ZM mice showed no such suppressive effect. Conversely, either depletion of Gr-1hi cells by treatment with anti-Gr-1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) or neutralization of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway by anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 MAbs during the induction phase of sepsis ameliorated ZM-induced immune suppression. Our results suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1-mediated generation of Gr-1hi cells in the early phase of sepsis is required for the late phase of immune paralysis.
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Sublingual Immunotherapy: How Sublingual Allergen Administration Heals Allergic Diseases; Current Perspective about the Mode of Action. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020147. [PMID: 33540540 PMCID: PMC7912807 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the successful application of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has become one of the leading treatments for allergic diseases. Similar to the case with other AITs, such as subcutaneous and oral immunotherapies, not only the alleviation of allergic symptoms, but also the curing of the diseases can be expected in patients undergoing SLIT. However, how and why such strong efficacy is obtained by SLIT, in which allergens are simply administered under the tongue, is not clearly known. Various potential mechanisms, including the induction of blocking antibodies, T cell tolerance, regulatory B and T cells, CD103-CD11b+ classical dendritic cells, and CD206+ macrophages, and the reduction of innate lymphoid cells, mast cells, and basophils, have been suggested. Recently, through a comparative analysis between high- and non-responder patients of SLIT, we have successfully proposed several novel mechanisms. Here, we introduce our recent findings and summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the strong efficacy of SLIT.
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