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Agosto LM, Hirnet JB, Michaels DH, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb YB, Gibson FC, Viglianti G, Henderson AJ. Porphyromonas gingivalis-mediated signaling through TLR4 mediates persistent HIV infection of primary macrophages. Virology 2016; 499:72-81. [PMID: 27639573 PMCID: PMC5126732 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal infections contribute to HIV-associated co-morbidities in the oral cavity and provide a model to interrogate the dysregulation of macrophage function, inflammatory disease progression, and HIV replication during co-infections. We investigated the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the establishment of HIV infection in monocyte-derived macrophages. HIV replication in macrophages was significantly repressed in the presence of P. gingivalis. This diminished viral replication was due partly to a decrease in the expression of integrated HIV provirus. HIV repression depended upon signaling through TLR4 as knock-down of TLR4 with siRNA rescued HIV expression. Importantly, HIV expression was reactivated upon removal of P. gingivalis. Our observations suggest that exposure of macrophages to Gram-negative bacteria influence the establishment and maintenance of HIV persistence in macrophages through a TLR4-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Agosto
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Juliane B Hirnet
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Michaels
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Frank C Gibson
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
| | - Gregory Viglianti
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Henderson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Swepson C, Ranjan A, Balasubramaniam M, Pandhare J, Dash C. Cocaine Enhances HIV-1 Transcription in Macrophages by Inducing p38 MAPK Phosphorylation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:823. [PMID: 27375565 PMCID: PMC4899462 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is a commonly used illicit drug among HIV-1 infected individuals and is known to increase HIV-1 replication in permissive cells including PBMCs, CD4(+) T cells, and macrophages. Cocaine's potentiating effects on HIV-1 replication in macrophages- the primary targets of the virus in the central nervous system, has been suggested to play an important role in HIV-1 neuro-pathogenesis. However, the mechanism by which cocaine enhances HIV-1 replication in macrophages remain poorly understood. Here, we report the identification of cocaine-induced signaling events that lead to enhanced HIV-1 transcription in macrophages. Treatment of physiologically relevant concentrations of cocaine enhanced HIV-1 transcription in a dose-dependent manner in infected THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages (THP-1macs) and primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Toward decoding the underlying mechanism, results presented in this report demonstrate that cocaine induces the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), a known activator of HIV-1 transcription. We also present data suggesting that the p38 MAPK-driven HIV-1 transcription is dependent on the induction of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1). Consequently, MSK1 mediates the phosphorylation of serine 10 residue of histone 3 (H3 Ser10), which is known to activate transcription of genes including that of HIV-1 in macrophages. Importantly, our results show that inhibition of p38 MAPK/MSK1 signaling by specific pharmacological inhibitors abrogated the positive effect of cocaine on HIV-1 transcription. These results validate the functional link between cocaine and p38 MAPK/MSK1 pathways. Together, our results demonstrate for the first time that the p38 MAPK/MSK1 signaling pathway plays a critical role in the cocaine-induced potentiating effects on HIV-1 infection, thus providing new insights into the interplay between cocaine abuse and HIV-1 neuro-pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsie Swepson
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, NashvilleTN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, NashvilleTN, USA
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville TN, USA
| | | | - Jui Pandhare
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, NashvilleTN, USA; School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, NashvilleTN, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College, NashvilleTN, USA
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, NashvilleTN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, NashvilleTN, USA; School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, NashvilleTN, USA
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On the Usefulness of Circulating Bacterial 16S rDNA as a Marker of Microbial Translocation in HIV-1–Infected Patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 66:e87-9. [DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bao R, Zhuang K, Liu J, Wu J, Li J, Wang X, Ho WZ. Lipopolysaccharide induces immune activation and SIV replication in rhesus macaques of Chinese origin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98636. [PMID: 24918575 PMCID: PMC4053387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of progressive HIV infection and a key determinant of immunodeficiency in HIV-infected individuals. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the circulation has been implicated as a key factor in HIV infection-related systemic immune activation. We thus investigate the impact of LPS on systemic immune activation in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques of Chinese origin. Methods The animals were inoculated intravenously with SIVmac239. The levels of plasma viral load and host inflammatory cytokines in PBMC were measured by real-time RT-PCR. CD4/CD8 ratio and systemic immune activation markers were examined by flow cytometric analysis of PBMCs. White blood cell and neutrophil counts and C Reactive Protein levels were determined using biochemistry analyzer. The plasma levels of LPS were determined by Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate (TAL) test. Results The animals inoculated with SIVmac239 became infected as evidenced by the increased plasma levels of SIV RNA and decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. LPS administration of SIV-infected animals induced a transient increase of plasma SIV RNA and immune activation, which was indicated by the elevated expression of the inflammatory cytokines and CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells in PBMCs. Conclusions These data support the concept that LPS is a driving factor in systemic immune activation of HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bao
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhuang
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jinbiao Liu
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jieliang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Costiniuk CT, Jenabian MA. The lungs as anatomical reservoirs of HIV infection. Rev Med Virol 2013; 24:35-54. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia T. Costiniuk
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH); Durban South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Chronic Viral Illnesses Service; Montreal Chest Institute; Montreal QC Canada
- Research Institute; McGill University Health Centre; Montreal QC Canada
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Salvi V, Scutera S, Rossi S, Zucca M, Alessandria M, Greco D, Bosisio D, Sozzani S, Musso T. Dual regulation of osteopontin production by TLR stimulation in dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:147-58. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0412194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Furler RL, Uittenbogaart CH. Signaling through the P38 and ERK pathways: a common link between HIV replication and the immune response. Immunol Res 2011; 48:99-109. [PMID: 20725863 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-010-8170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the defining characteristics of HIV is its ability to manipulate the human immune response to promote its own replication. Since the beginning of the epidemic, there has been controversy whether a robust immune response to the virus is beneficial or detrimental for the host. Therefore, the effects of HIV on signaling pathways and cytokine production need to be characterized in order to distinguish between protective immune responses and inappropriate immune activation. Cytokine and biomarker expression during HIV infection results from the combined effects of intracellular signaling pathways orchestrated by kinases like P38 and ERK. The P38 and ERK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways govern the regulation of cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α) as well biomarkers (PD-1, Fas/FasL, among others) that are skewed in chronic HIV infection. HIV utilizes the P38 and ERK pathways to produce new virions and to deplete CD4+ T cells from the host's immune system. Understanding the interplay between HIV and the cytokines induced by activation of the P38 and ERK pathways may provide insights into HIV immunopathogenesis and the development of a protective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Furler
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UCLA AIDS Institute, David E. Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 90095-7363, USA
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Wu Y, Lousberg EL, Moldenhauer LM, Hayball JD, Robertson SA, Coller JK, Watkins LR, Somogyi AA, Hutchinson MR. Attenuation of microglial and IL-1 signaling protects mice from acute alcohol-induced sedation and/or motor impairment. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25 Suppl 1:S155-64. [PMID: 21276848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced proinflammatory central immune signaling has been implicated in the chronic neurotoxic actions of alcohol, although little work has examined if these non-neuronal actions contribute to the acute behavioral responses elicited by alcohol administration. The present study examined if acute alcohol-induced sedation (loss of righting reflex, sleep time test) and motor impairment (rotarod test) were influenced by acute alcohol-induced microglial-dependent central immune signaling. Inhibition of acute alcohol-induced central immune signaling, through the reduction of proinflammatory microglial activation with minocycline, or by blocking interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor signaling using IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), reduced acute alcohol-induced sedation in mice. Mice treated with IL-1ra recovered faster from acute alcohol-induced motor impairment than control animals. However, minocycline led to greater motor impairment induced by alcohol, implicating different mechanisms in alcohol-induced sedation and motor impairment. At a cellular level, IκBα protein levels in mixed hippocampal cells responded rapidly to alcohol in a time-dependent manner, and both minocycline and IL-1ra attenuated the elevated levels of IκBα protein by alcohol. Collectively these data suggest that alcohol is capable of rapid modification of proinflammatory immune signaling in the brain and this contributes significantly to the pharmacology of alcohol.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ethanol/pharmacology
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/metabolism
- Minocycline/pharmacology
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/physiology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I/metabolism
- Reflex, Righting/drug effects
- Reflex, Righting/physiology
- Rotarod Performance Test
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Sleep/drug effects
- Sleep/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 in HIV infection and associated brain injury. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2011; 6:202-15. [PMID: 21286833 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) often leads to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) prior to the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). At the cellular level, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) provide a family of signal transducers that regulate many processes in response to extracellular stimuli and environmental stress, such as viral infection. Recently, evidence has accumulated suggesting that p38 MAPK plays crucial roles in various pathological processes associated with HIV infection, ranging from macrophage activation to neurotoxicity and impairment of neurogenesis to lymphocyte apoptosis. Thus, p38 MAPK, which has generally been linked to stress-related signal transduction, may be an important mediator in the development of AIDS and HAND.
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