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Ebrahimi M, Farhadian N, Soflaei SS, Amiri A, Tanbakuchi D, Oskooee RK, Karimi M. Utilizing the sublingual form of squalene in COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4532. [PMID: 38402329 PMCID: PMC10894301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of sublingual squalene in decreasing the mortality rate among patients with COVID-19 was investigated. Squalene was extracted from pumpkin seed oil with a novel method. Then, the microemulsion form of squalene was prepared for sublingual usage. In the clinical study, among 850 admitted patients, 602 eligible COVID-19 patients were divided in two groups of control (N = 301) and cases (N = 301) between Nov 2021 and Jan 2022. Groups were statistically the same in terms of age, sex, BMI, lymphocyte count on 1st admission day, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, chronic respiratory disease, immunosuppressive disease, and required standard treatments. The treatment group received five drops of sublingual squalene every 4 h for 5 days plus standard treatment, while the control group received only standard treatment. Patients were followed up for 30 days after discharge from the hospital. The sublingual form of squalene in the microemulsion form was associated with a significant decrease in the mortality rate (p < 0.001), in which 285 (94.7%) cases were alive after one month while 245 (81.4%) controls were alive after 1 month of discharge from the hospital. In addition, squalene appears to be effective in preventing re-hospitalization due to COVID-19 (p < 0.001), with 141 of controls (46.8%) versus 58 cases (19.3%). This study suggests sublingual squalene in the microemulsion as an effective drug for reducing mortality and re-hospitalization rates in COVID-19 patients.Trial Registration Number: IRCT20200927048848N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Farhadian
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sara Saffar Soflaei
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Amiri
- Emergency Medicine Department, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Davoud Tanbakuchi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Karimi
- Emergency Medicine Department, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Grindel AL, Fretellier N, Soares M, Bouzakher N, Millot Maysounabe V, Santus R, Bawa O, Wintrebert M, Couquelet C, Robert P, Emile JF, Capron C. Antitumoral effect of local injection of TLR-9 agonist emulsified in Lipiodol with systemic anti-PD-1 in a murine model of colorectal carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1272246. [PMID: 38292484 PMCID: PMC10825566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Local treatments of cancer, including transarterial chemoembolization, could enhance responses to systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1 antibodies. Lipiodol, a radiopaque oil, is widely used for transarterial chemoembolization as a tumor-targeting drug carrier and could be used in emulsion with immunomodulators. This study aimed at evaluating the antitumoral effect of intra-tumoral injection of Lipiodol-immunomodulator emulsions combined with systemic anti-PD-1 therapy in a murine model of colorectal carcinoma. Method Mice (male BALB/c) with anti-PD-1-resistant subcutaneous CT26 tumors were injected with immunomodulators, emulsified or not with Lipiodol (N=10-12/group). Results The TLR-9 agonist CpG displayed antitumor effects, while Poly I:C and QS21 did not. The Lipiodol-CpG emulsion appeared to be stable and maintained CpG within tumors for a longer time. Repeated intra-tumoral injections, combined with anti-PD-1, induced responses towards the tumor as well as to a distant metastatic-like nodule. This treatment was associated with an increase in proliferative CD8+ T cells and of IFN-γ expression, a decrease in proliferative regulatory T cells but also, surprisingly, an increase in myeloid derived suppressor cells. Conclusions Local administration of CpG emulsified with Lipiodol led to an effective antitumoral effect when combined to systemic anti-PD-1 therapy. Lipiodol, apart from its radiopaque properties, is an efficient drug-delivery system. The formulated oil-in-water emulsion allows efficient loading and control release of CpG, which induces favorable immune modifications in this murine tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Grindel
- EA4340 Biomarqueurs en oncologie et onco-hématologie (BECCOH), Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
| | | | - Miguel Soares
- Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Nabiha Bouzakher
- EA4340 Biomarqueurs en oncologie et onco-hématologie (BECCOH), Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
| | | | - Robin Santus
- Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Olivia Bawa
- INSERM US23 Analyse Moléculaire, Modélisation et Imagerie de la Maladie Cancéreuse (AMMICA), Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Robert
- Guerbet, Research and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Jean-Francois Emile
- EA4340 Biomarqueurs en oncologie et onco-hématologie (BECCOH), Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
- Département d’anatomie Pathologique et de Cytologie, Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Claude Capron
- EA4340 Biomarqueurs en oncologie et onco-hématologie (BECCOH), Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
- Immunology and Hematology Department, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Wang X, Du J, Zhang Y, Zhu T, Mao L, Xu L, Shi Z, Zhang J, Sun Q, Qi Z, Xia L. Construction and expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein AR2 and its immunogenicity in combination with various adjuvants to form vaccine. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 137:102270. [PMID: 36265370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is recognized as a highly infectious disease worldwide, and Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains the only TB vaccine licensed for clinical use. As there is little evidence that BCG is effective in adults, there is an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine to control TB in adults. In this study, we tested the immunomodulatory efficiency of the fusion protein AR2. whole blood IFN-γ release assay (WBIA) was used to detect antigen specificity. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was tested in C57BL/6 mice, and confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR. The fusion protein AR2 was successfully constructed and expressed. The level of IFN-γ in the peripheral blood of subjects stimulated by AR2 was significantly higher than in those induced by all subcomponent proteins. AR2-specific IgG and the Th1 cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and iNOS were significantly increased in the group treated with the fusion protein and compound adjuvant (AR2+DMC). Likewise, the number of IFN-γ+ CD4+, IFN-γ+CD8+, and IL-4+ CD8+ T lymphocytes increased significantly. The combination of the fusion protein and the compound adjuvant (AR2+DMC) may be a suitable candidate for an enhanced TB vaccine. This study provides theoretical and experimental support for future research to enhance the effectiveness of TB vaccines and provides an experimental basis for evaluating the influence of different adjuvants on vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Jianpeng Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Department of Cosmetology, College of Medicine, Huainan Union University, Huainan, 232038, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Lirong Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Lifa Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Zilun Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China.
| | - Qishan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huainan Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Zhiyang Qi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
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To A, Lai CY, Wong TAS, Namekar M, Lieberman MM, Lehrer AT. Adjuvants Differentially Modulate the Immunogenicity of Lassa Virus Glycoprotein Subunits in Mice. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022; 3. [PMID: 37034031 PMCID: PMC10081732 DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.847598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa Fever (LF) is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus (LASV) that is primarily transmitted through contact with wild rodents in West Africa. Although several advanced vaccine candidates are progressing through clinical trials, some effective vaccines are virally vectored and thus require a stringent cold-chain, making distribution to rural and resource-poor areas difficult. Recombinant subunit vaccines are advantageous in this aspect as they can be thermostabilized and deployed with minimal storage and transportation requirements. However, antigen dose and adjuvant formulation must be carefully selected to ensure both the appropriate humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are elicited. In this study, we examine the immunogenicity of a two-step immunoaffinity-purified recombinant LASV glycoprotein (GP) with five clinical- and preclinical-grade adjuvants. Swiss Webster mice immunized intramuscularly with 2 or 3 doses of each vaccine formulation showed complete seroconversion and maximal GP-specific antibody response after two immunizations. Formulations with GPI-0100, LiteVax, Montanide™ ISA 51, and Montanide™ ISA 720 induced both IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies suggesting a balanced Th1/Th2 response, whereas formulation of LASV GP with Alhydrogel elicited a IgG1-dominant response. Splenocytes secreting both Th1 and Th2 cytokines i.e., IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5, were observed from mice receiving both antigen doses formulated with ISA 720, LiteVax and GPI-0100. However, robust, multifunctional T-cells were only detected in mice receiving a higher dose of LASV GP formulated with GPI-0100. Our results emphasize the importance of careful adjuvant selection and lay the immunological basis for a recombinant subunit protein LF vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert To
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Chih-Yun Lai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Disease Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Teri Ann S. Wong
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Madhuri Namekar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Disease Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michael M. Lieberman
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Axel T. Lehrer
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Disease Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Correspondence: Axel T. Lehrer,
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He L, Sun B, Guo Y, Yan K, Liu D, Zang Y, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Kong W. Immune response of C57BL/6J mice to herpes zoster subunit vaccines formulated with nanoemulsion-based and liposome-based adjuvants. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108216. [PMID: 34634689 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) is a recurrent nerve tissue infection caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV). At present, two vaccines, the live attenuated vaccine Zostavax™ and AS01B-adjuvanted recombinant subunit vaccine Shingrix™, are commercially available for HZ. The latter is superior to the former in terms of efficacy and duration of immunity in the elderly. In this study, we used glycoprotein E (gE) as an antigen, and investigated the effects of various adjuvants (MF59, MF59/CpG 2006, and MF59/QS-21) on the immune response of C57BL/6J mice to find an alternative adjuvant to AS01B-like adjuvant of liposome/QS-21/MPL. In addition to safety, the gE-specific antibody, IgG antibody subtype, and cytokine secretion by splenocytes, and cell-mediated immune responses were determined using ELISA and ELISPOT assays, respectively. Our results showed no significant effects on the body weight, temperature, or behavior of mice vaccinated with PBS or all adjuvanted vaccines. All adjuvanted vaccine groups showed significantly higher gE-specific IgG antibody levels than the gE-alone group on day 28 after the first vaccine dose. In addition, all adjuvants induced a remarkable increase in both IgG1 and IgG2b levels. However, MF59/QS-21 and MF59/CpG 2006 showed comparable capacities to those of liposome/QS-21/MPL in increasing the IgG2c levels, being superior to MF59. Further investigation revealed that MF59 only induced a limited increase in the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, while MF59/QS-21, MF59/CpG 2006, and liposome/QS-21/MPL led to a significant increase in the secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 and showed a Th1-biased immune response. Moreover, MF59/QS-21, MF59/CpG 2006, and liposome/QS-21/MPL adjuvanted vaccines resulted in comparable gE-specific IFN-γ + immune cell responses. These results suggest that the combination of MF59 with QS-21 or CpG 2006 may be a promising adjuvant candidate for subunit HZ vaccines. Further investigations are needed to illustrate their durability and efficacy in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Changchun, China
| | - Yingnan Guo
- R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kunming Yan
- R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yang Zang
- R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Changchun, China; R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Changchun, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Changchun, China; R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun 130012, China
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6
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Jia Y, Akache B, Agbayani G, Chandan V, Dudani R, Harrison BA, Deschatelets L, Hemraz UD, Lam E, Régnier S, Stark FC, Krishnan L, McCluskie MJ. The Synergistic Effects of Sulfated Lactosyl Archaeol Archaeosomes When Combined with Different Adjuvants in a Murine Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020205. [PMID: 33540932 PMCID: PMC7913188 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeosomes, composed of sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) glycolipids, have been proven to be an effective vaccine adjuvant in multiple preclinical models of infectious disease or cancer. SLA archaeosomes are a promising adjuvant candidate due to their ability to strongly stimulate both humoral and cytotoxic immune responses when simply admixed with an antigen. In the present study, we evaluated whether the adjuvant effects of SLA archaeosomes could be further enhanced when combined with other adjuvants. SLA archaeosomes were co-administered with five different Toll-like Receptor (TLR) agonists or the saponin QS-21 using ovalbumin as a model antigen in mice. Both humoral and cellular immune responses were greatly enhanced compared to either adjuvant alone when SLA archaeosomes were combined with either the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) or the TLR9 agonist CpG. These results were also confirmed in a separate study using Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and support the further evaluation of these adjuvant combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Jia
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (Y.J.); (B.A.); (G.A.); (V.C.); (R.D.); (B.A.H.); (L.D.); (F.C.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Bassel Akache
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (Y.J.); (B.A.); (G.A.); (V.C.); (R.D.); (B.A.H.); (L.D.); (F.C.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Gerard Agbayani
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (Y.J.); (B.A.); (G.A.); (V.C.); (R.D.); (B.A.H.); (L.D.); (F.C.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Vandana Chandan
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (Y.J.); (B.A.); (G.A.); (V.C.); (R.D.); (B.A.H.); (L.D.); (F.C.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Renu Dudani
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (Y.J.); (B.A.); (G.A.); (V.C.); (R.D.); (B.A.H.); (L.D.); (F.C.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Blair A. Harrison
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (Y.J.); (B.A.); (G.A.); (V.C.); (R.D.); (B.A.H.); (L.D.); (F.C.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lise Deschatelets
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (Y.J.); (B.A.); (G.A.); (V.C.); (R.D.); (B.A.H.); (L.D.); (F.C.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Usha D. Hemraz
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (U.D.H.); (E.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Edmond Lam
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (U.D.H.); (E.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sophie Régnier
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (U.D.H.); (E.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Felicity C. Stark
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (Y.J.); (B.A.); (G.A.); (V.C.); (R.D.); (B.A.H.); (L.D.); (F.C.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (Y.J.); (B.A.); (G.A.); (V.C.); (R.D.); (B.A.H.); (L.D.); (F.C.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Michael J. McCluskie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (Y.J.); (B.A.); (G.A.); (V.C.); (R.D.); (B.A.H.); (L.D.); (F.C.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-993-9774
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Vreman S, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Popma-de Graaf DJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Barnier-Quer C, Collin N, Collins D, McDaid D, Moore AC, Rebel JMJ. Immune responses induced by inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in neonatal pigs using different adjuvants. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 232:110170. [PMID: 33383553 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of neonatal pigs could be supportive to prevent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is an important porcine pathogen causing worldwide welfare and health problems in pigs of different age classes. However, neonatal immunity substantially differs to adults, thus different vaccines may be required in neonateal pigs. We examined if the immunogenicity and efficacy of inactivated PRRSV (iPRRSV) vaccines in neonatal pigs could be improved with adjuvants containing oil-in water (O/W) emulsions with or without Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and by altering the delivery route from intramuscular (i.m.) to the skin. Three-day-old PRRSV-naïve piglets (n = 54, divided in 6 groups) received a prime vaccination and a booster vaccination four weeks later. The vaccine formulations consisted of different O/W emulsions (Montanide™ ISA28RVG (ISA28)), a squalene in water emulsion (SWE) for i.m. or a Stable Emulsion (SE) with squalene for skin vaccination) and/or a mixture of TLR1/2, 7/8 and 9 agonists (TLRa) combined with iPRRSV strain 07V063. These vaccines were delivered either i.m. (ISA28, SWE, TLRa or SWE + TLRa) or into the skin (skiSE + TLRa) with dissolving microneedle (DMN)-patches. All animals received a challenge with homologous PRRSV three weeks after booster vaccination. Specific antibodies, IFN-γ production and viremia were measured at several time-points after vaccination and/or challenge, while lung pathology was studied at necropsy. After booster vaccination, only ISA28 induced a specific antibody response while a specific T-cell IFN-γ response was generated in the SWE group, that was lower for ISA28, and absent in the other groups. This suggests that prime vaccination in neonates induced a specific immune response after booster vaccination, dependent on the emulsion formulation, but not dependent on the presence of the TLRa or delivery route. Despite the measured immune responses none of the vaccines showed any efficacy. Further research focused on the early immune response in draining lymph nodes is needed to elucidate the potential of TLR agonists in vaccines for neonatal pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vreman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Ditta J Popma-de Graaf
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research P.O. Box 338, 6700 HA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C Barnier-Quer
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - N Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anne C Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
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8
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Cuzzubbo S, Banissi C, Rouchon MS, Tran T, Tanchot C, Tartour E, Carpentier AF. The adjuvant effect of melanin is superior to incomplete Freund's adjuvant in subunit/peptide vaccines in mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2501-2512. [PMID: 32561966 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptide vaccines represent an attractive alternative to conventional anti-tumor therapies, but have not yet achieved significant clinical efficacy with commonly used formulations. Combination of short antigenic peptides, synthetic melanin and TLR9 agonist (Toll-like receptor 9, CpG-28) was reported as highly efficient to trigger strong CD8 + T-cell responses. We compared this vaccine approach to the standard adjuvant formulation that combines the incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and CpG-28, using either an ovalbumin epitope (pOVA30) or a spontaneously occurring tumor neoepitope (mAdpgk).Melanin-based vaccine induced significantly higher cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses than IFA-based vaccine in both pOVA30- and mAdpgk-targeted vaccines. The anti-tumor efficacy of melanin-based vaccine was further assessed in mice, grafted either with E.G7-OVA cells (E.G7 cells transfected with ovalbumin) or with MC38 cells that spontaneously express the mAdpgk neoepitope. Melanin-based vaccine induced a major inhibition of E.G7-OVA tumor growth when compared to IFA-based vaccine (p < 0.001), but tumors eventually relapsed from day 24. In the MC38 tumor model, no significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed. In both cases, tumor escape appeared related to the loss of antigen presentation by tumor cells (loss of ovalbumin expression in E.G7-OVA model; poor presentation of mAdpgk in MC38 model), although the CTL responses displayed an effector memory phenotype, a high cytolytic potential and low programmed cell death-1 (PD1) expression.In conclusion, synthetic melanin can be efficiently used as an adjuvant to enhance T-cells response against subunit vaccine antigens and compared favorably to the classic combination of IFA and TLR9 agonist in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cuzzubbo
- PARCC, INSERM, UMR-970, Université de Paris, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Claire Banissi
- Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirurgicales (Fondation Carpentier), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marie Sophie Rouchon
- Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirurgicales (Fondation Carpentier), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thi Tran
- PARCC, INSERM, UMR-970, Université de Paris, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Tanchot
- PARCC, INSERM, UMR-970, Université de Paris, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- PARCC, INSERM, UMR-970, Université de Paris, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Antoine F Carpentier
- PARCC, INSERM, UMR-970, Université de Paris, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirurgicales (Fondation Carpentier), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015, Paris, France.,Service de Neurologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010, Paris, France
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9
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Sulfated archaeol glycolipids: Comparison with other immunological adjuvants in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208067. [PMID: 30513093 PMCID: PMC6279041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeosomes are liposomes traditionally comprised of total polar lipids (TPL) or semi-synthetic glycerolipids of ether-linked isoprenoid phytanyl cores with varied glyco- and amino-head groups. As adjuvants, they induce robust, long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and enhance protection in murine models of infectious disease and cancer. Traditional total polar lipid (TPL) archaeosome formulations are relatively complex and first generation semi-synthetic archaeosomes involve many synthetic steps to arrive at the final desired glycolipid composition. We have developed a novel archaeosome formulation comprising a sulfated disaccharide group covalently linked to the free sn-1 hydroxyl backbone of an archaeal core lipid (sulfated S-lactosylarchaeol, SLA) that can be more readily synthesized yet retains strong immunostimulatory activity for induction of cell-mediated immunity following systemic immunization. Herein, we have evaluated the immunostimulatory effects of SLA archaeosomes when used as adjuvant with ovalbumin (OVA) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and compared this to various other adjuvants including TLR3/4/9 agonists, oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions and aluminum hydroxide. Overall, we found that semi-synthetic sulfated glycolipid archaeosomes induce strong Ag-specific IgG titers and CD8 T cells to both antigens. In addition, they induce the expression of a number of cytokines/chemokines including IL-6, G-CSF, KC & MIP-2. SLA archaeosome formulations demonstrated strong adjuvant activity, superior to many of the other tested adjuvants.
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10
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Lou-Bonafonte JM, Martínez-Beamonte R, Sanclemente T, Surra JC, Herrera-Marcos LV, Sanchez-Marco J, Arnal C, Osada J. Current Insights into the Biological Action of Squalene. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800136. [PMID: 29883523 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Squalene is a triterpenic compound found in a large number of plants and other sources with a long tradition of research since it was first reported in 1926. Herein a systematic review of studies concerning squalene published in the last 8 years is presented. These studies have provided further support for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, an antineoplastic effect in nutrigenetic-type treatments, which depends on the failing metabolic pathway of tumors, has also been reported. The bioavailability of squalene in cell cultures, animal models, and in humans has been well established, and further progress has been made in regard to the intracellular transport of this lipophilic molecule. Squalene accumulates in the liver and decreases hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides, with these actions being exerted via a complex network of changes in gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Its presence in different biological fluids has also been studied. The combination of squalene with other bioactive compounds has been shown to enhance its pleiotropic properties and might lead to the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals to control oxidative stress and, therefore, numerous age-related diseases in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Lou-Bonafonte
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-22002, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-22071, Spain
| | - Teresa Sanclemente
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-22071, Spain
| | - Joaquín C Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, E-22071, Spain
| | - Luis V Herrera-Marcos
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
| | - Javier Sanchez-Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50013, Spain
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