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Gu C, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Huang K, Lin Z, Chen Q, Chen Y, Wu Y, Wang D, Wang S. Effect of a Declined Plasma Concentration of Valproic Acid Induced by Meropenem on the Antiepileptic Efficacy of Valproic Acid. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25025. [PMID: 38563451 PMCID: PMC11073810 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to indicate whether a declined plasma concentration of valproic acid (VPA) induced by co-administration of meropenem (MEPM) could affect the antiepileptic efficacy of VPA. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data of hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with status epilepticus or epilepsy between 2010 and 2019. Patients co-administered VPA and MEPM during hospitalization were screened and assigned to the exposure group, while those co-administerd VPA and other broad-spectrum antibiotics were allocated to the control group. RESULTS The exposure group and control group included 50 and 11 patients, respectively. With a similar dosage of VPA, the plasma concentration of VPA significantly decreased during co-administration (24.6 ± 4.3 μg/mL) compared with that before co-administration (88.8 ± 13.6 μg/mL, p < 0.0001), and it was partly recovered with the termination of co-administration (39.8 ± 13.2 μg/mL, p = 0.163) in the exposure group. The inverse probability of treatment weighting estimated the treatment efficacy via changes in seizure frequency, seizure duration, and concomitant use of antiepileptic drugs, which were not significantly different between the exposure and control groups. In the exposure group, there was no significant differences in seizure frequency between the periods of before-during and before-after (p = 0.074 and 0.153, respectively). Seizure duration during VPA-MEPM co-administration was not significantly different from that before co-administration (p = 0.291). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the reduced plasma concentration of VPA induced by the co-administration of MEPM did not affect the antiepileptic efficacy of VPA. This conclusion should be interpreted with caution, and more research is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000034567. Registered on 10 July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and EvaluationGuangzhouChina
| | - Yongfang Zhang
- Neurology Department, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fumiao Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaibin Huang
- Neurology Department, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenzhou Lin
- Neurology Department, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiong Chen
- Neurology Department, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yongming Wu
- Neurology Department, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Neurology Department, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Neurology Department, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Kiss-Szemán AJ, Takács L, Orgován Z, Stráner P, Jákli I, Schlosser G, Masiulis S, Harmat V, Menyhárd DK, Perczel A. A carbapenem antibiotic inhibiting a mammalian serine protease: structure of the acylaminoacyl peptidase-meropenem complex. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14264-14276. [PMID: 36545146 PMCID: PMC9749117 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05520a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of porcine AAP (pAAP) in a covalently bound complex with meropenem was determined by cryo-EM to 2.1 Å resolution, showing the mammalian serine-protease inhibited by a carbapenem antibiotic. AAP is a modulator of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system and the site of a drug-drug interaction between the widely used antipsychotic, valproate and carbapenems. The active form of pAAP - a toroidal tetramer - binds four meropenem molecules covalently linked to the catalytic Ser587 of the serine-protease triad, in an acyl-enzyme state. AAP is hindered from fully processing the antibiotic by the displacement and protonation of His707 of the catalytic triad. We show that AAP is made susceptible to the association by its unusually sheltered active pockets and flexible catalytic triads, while the carbapenems possess sufficiently small substituents on their β-lactam rings to fit into the shallow substrate-specificity pocket of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Kiss-Szemán
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A Budapest Hungary
| | - Luca Takács
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A Budapest Hungary
| | - Zoltán Orgován
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Budapest Hungary
| | - Pál Stráner
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network Budapest Hungary +36-1-372-2500/1653 +36-1-372-2500/6547
| | - Imre Jákli
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A Budapest Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network Budapest Hungary +36-1-372-2500/1653 +36-1-372-2500/6547
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- ELKH-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | - Simonas Masiulis
- Materials and Structural Analysis Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Veronika Harmat
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A Budapest Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network Budapest Hungary +36-1-372-2500/1653 +36-1-372-2500/6547
| | - Dóra K Menyhárd
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A Budapest Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network Budapest Hungary +36-1-372-2500/1653 +36-1-372-2500/6547
| | - András Perczel
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A Budapest Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network Budapest Hungary +36-1-372-2500/1653 +36-1-372-2500/6547
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Fratoni AJ, Colmerauer JL, Linder KE, Nicolau DP, Kuti JL. A Retrospective Case Series of Concomitant Carbapenem and Valproic Acid Use: Are Best Practice Advisories Working? J Pharm Pract 2021; 36:537-541. [PMID: 34958247 DOI: 10.1177/08971900211063301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: A Best Practice Advisory (BPA) warns clinicians of an interaction between carbapenems and valproic acid (VPA) that can cause significant declines in VPA levels leading to serious consequences for patients treated for seizure disorder and unknown implications for alternative indications. Objective: The goal of this study was to assess BPA efficacy in avoiding concomitant VPA/carbapenems, and to characterize use of these agents, clinical implications, and potential alternative therapeutic options. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed on all patients over the course of 1 year who were concomitantly prescribed a carbapenem and VPA at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT. Data collected included: level of care, duration of concomitant therapy, indications, VPA levels during or surrounding overlap, documentation of the interaction, and therapeutic implications. Results: Carbapenems and VPA were administered to 591 and 625 patients, respectively; the BPA fired 126 times in 24 patients, and 15 patients were initiated on these agents concomitantly. Eight (53%) patients received VPA for seizures. The remaining seven (47%) received VPA for alternative indications. Eight of nine VPA levels were sub-therapeutic during carbapenem therapy and polypharmacy was administered in all patients receiving VPA for non-convulsive indications. Conclusion: Co-prescribing of these drugs was rare; however, the BPA was ineffective in 63% of instances. Reductions in VPA efficacy for any indication should be expected with concomitant carbapenem administration. Antibiotics other than carbapenems should be considered when coverage of multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens is required in patients whose VPA treatment cannot be interrupted or switched to a therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Fratoni
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, 23893Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | | | - Kristin E Linder
- Department of Pharmacy Services, 23893Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - David P Nicolau
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, 23893Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Joseph L Kuti
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, 23893Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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4
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Gaies E, Fazaa I, Ben Sassi M, Charfi R, Jebabli N, El Jebari H, Daghfous R, Trabelsi S. Drug-drug interactions between two beta-lactam antibiotics and valproic acid in the same patient. Therapie 2020; 76:475-477. [PMID: 32354460 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emna Gaies
- Service de pharmacologie clinique-centre national de pharmacovigilance, 9, Avenue Dr Zouhaier Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire de recherche en pharmacologie clinique et expérimentale (LR16SP02), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Fazaa
- Service de pharmacologie clinique-centre national de pharmacovigilance, 9, Avenue Dr Zouhaier Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mouna Ben Sassi
- Service de pharmacologie clinique-centre national de pharmacovigilance, 9, Avenue Dr Zouhaier Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire de recherche en pharmacologie clinique et expérimentale (LR16SP02), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim Charfi
- Service de pharmacologie clinique-centre national de pharmacovigilance, 9, Avenue Dr Zouhaier Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire de recherche en pharmacologie clinique et expérimentale (LR16SP02), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Jebabli
- Service de pharmacologie clinique-centre national de pharmacovigilance, 9, Avenue Dr Zouhaier Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire de recherche en pharmacologie clinique et expérimentale (LR16SP02), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hanene El Jebari
- Service de pharmacologie clinique-centre national de pharmacovigilance, 9, Avenue Dr Zouhaier Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire de recherche en pharmacologie clinique et expérimentale (LR16SP02), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Daghfous
- Service de pharmacologie clinique-centre national de pharmacovigilance, 9, Avenue Dr Zouhaier Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire de recherche en pharmacologie clinique et expérimentale (LR16SP02), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Trabelsi
- Service de pharmacologie clinique-centre national de pharmacovigilance, 9, Avenue Dr Zouhaier Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire de recherche en pharmacologie clinique et expérimentale (LR16SP02), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El Manar, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
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Nishiya Y, Suzuki E, Ishizuka T, Kazui M, Sakurai H, Nakai D. Identification of non-P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of new drugs: Their significance in drug interaction evaluation and prodrug disposition. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:45-55. [PMID: 31926835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nishiya
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eiko Suzuki
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishizuka
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Kazui
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Sakurai
- General Administration Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakai
- Biomarker & Translational Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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Tsortouktzidis D, Grundke K, Till C, Korwitz-Reichelt A, Sass JO. Acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) sequence variants with potential impact on the metabolism of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1629-1634. [PMID: 31363986 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) is a serine protease involved in the recycling of amino acids from acylated peptides. Beyond that, APEH participates in the metabolism of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid; VPA) by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the VPA metabolite valproylglucuronide (VPA-G) to its aglycon. It has been shown that the inhibition of APEH by carbapenem antibiotics decreases therapeutic VPA levels by enhancing the urinary elimination of VPA in form of VPA-G. As various sequence variants of the APEH gene (which encodes the APEH protein) are listed in databases, but have not been functionally characterized yet, we assume, that some APEH sequence variants may have pharmacogenetic relevance due to their impaired cleavage of VPA-G. APEH sequence variants predicted to affect enzyme activity were selected from databases, and overexpressed in HEK293 cells (stable transfection), a cell line derived from human embryonic kidney cells. APEH activity in cell homogenates was determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring the hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate N-acetyl-L-alanine-nitroanilide. APEH enzyme activity and protein expression of the sequence variants were compared with those of APEH with the reference sequence. Three out of five tested missense sequence variants resulted in a considerable decrease of enzyme activity assessed with the standard substrate N-acetyl-L-alanine-nitroanilide, suggesting an effect on pharmacokinetics of VPA. Our work underlines the need to consider the APEH genotype in investigations of altered VPA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Tsortouktzidis
- Research Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Natural Sciences,, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Kathleen Grundke
- Division of Clinical Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Till
- Research Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Natural Sciences,, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
- Research Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute for Functional Gene Analytics (IFGA), Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Anne Korwitz-Reichelt
- Research Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Natural Sciences,, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- Research Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Natural Sciences,, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany.
- Division of Clinical Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Research Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute for Functional Gene Analytics (IFGA), Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany.
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Abstract
Introduction: Valproic acid is a commonly used antiepileptic drug. Combining valproate derivatives with carbapenem antibiotics is associated with a potential drug interaction that decreases serum concentration of valproate and may expose the patient to uncontrolled seizure risk from valproate subtherapeutic concentration. Raising awareness of this drug interaction among health care providers including emergency department physicians, neurologists, and pharmacists is highly needed. The aim of this article was to review the current literature about the potential drug interaction resulting from combining valproate derivatives with carbapenem antibiotics and to establish therapeutic recommendations regarding their use together. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted using Medline (through PubMed), Ovid, Embase, Cochrane library using the following keywords: valproate, valproic acid, carbapenem, ertapenem, doripenem, meropenem, imipenem, and valproate drug interaction. In addition, a manual search through major journals for articles referenced in PubMed was performed. Related publications from January 1998 till November 2018 were included in the initial search. Relevant publications were reviewed, and data regarding patients, type of carbapenem used, valproic acid dosing and level, interaction severity, and clinical outcome were summarized. Results and Discussion: Few clinical trials and multiple case reports have shown that carbapenem antibiotics including meropenem, ertapenem, imipenem, and doripenem can decrease the serum concentration of valproate derivatives leading to a subtherapeutic serum concentration and seizures in some patients. Valproic acid serum concentration may be significantly decreased with addition of a carbapenem antibiotic but generally return toward normal shortly after discontinuation of the carbapenem antibiotic. Conclusions: Generally, the concurrent use of carbapenem antibiotics with valproate derivatives should be avoided due to the potential of drug-drug interaction that results in subtherapeutic valproate serum concentration. Other antimicrobial agents should be considered as alternatives to carbapenems but if a concurrent carbapenem is necessary, using an additional antiepileptic agent is recommended. Therapeutic drug monitoring of valproate serum concentrations is warranted when a carbapenem-valproic acid combination therapy is unavoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla Laila
- Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Carnovale C, Pozzi M, Mazhar F, Mosini G, Gentili M, Peeters GGAM, Clementi E, Radice S. Interactions Between Antiepileptic and Antibiotic Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Dosing Implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2018; 58:875-886. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-0720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Deshayes S, Coquerel A, Verdon R. Neurological Adverse Effects Attributable to β-Lactam Antibiotics: A Literature Review. Drug Saf 2018; 40:1171-1198. [PMID: 28755095 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-017-0578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics are commonly prescribed antibiotic drugs. To describe the clinical characteristics, risk markers and outcomes of β-lactam antibiotic-induced neurological adverse effects, we performed a general literature review to provide updated clinical data about the most used β-lactam antibiotics. For selected drugs in each class available in France (ticarcillin, piperacillin, temocillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefpirome, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, ceftolozane, ertapenem and aztreonam), a systematic literature review was performed up to April 2016 via an electronic search on PubMed. Articles that reported original data, written in French, Spanish, Portuguese or English, with available individual data for patients with neurological symptoms (such as seizure, disturbed vigilance, confusional state, myoclonia, localising signs, and/or hallucinations) after the introduction of a β-lactam antibiotic were included. The neurological adverse effects of piperacillin and ertapenem are often described as seizures and hallucinations (>50 and 25% of cases, respectively). Antibiotic treatment is often adapted to renal function (>70%), and underlying brain abnormalities are seen in one in four to one in three cases. By contrast, the neurological adverse drug reactions of ceftazidime and cefepime often include abnormal movements but few hallucinations and seizures. These reactions are associated with renal insufficiency (>80%) and doses are rarely adapted to renal function. Otherwise, it appears that monobactams do not have serious neurological adverse drug reactions and that valproic acid and carbapenem combinations should be avoided. The onset of disturbed vigilance, myoclonus, and/or seizure in a patient taking β-lactam antibiotics, especially if associated with renal insufficiency or underlying brain abnormalities, should lead physicians to suspect adverse drug reactions and to consider changes in antibacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Deshayes
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU de Caen, 14000, Caen, France. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU de Caen, Université de Caen-Normandie, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Antoine Coquerel
- Department of Pharmacology, CHU de Caen, Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, 14000, Caen, France.,University of Caen-Normandy, INSERM Unit 1075, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Renaud Verdon
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, GRAM, 14000, Caen, France. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU de Caen, Université de Caen-Normandie, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000, Caen, France.
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10
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Computational study of the competitive binding of valproic acid glucuronide and carbapenem antibiotics to acylpeptide hydrolase. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 32:201-207. [PMID: 28734645 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Analysis of the Variables Influencing Valproic Acid Concentration in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Chinese Patients After Craniotomy. Ther Drug Monit 2017; 39:450-456. [PMID: 28604475 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproic acid (VPA) has been widely used in Chinese patients after craniotomy. Many studies have focused on the influencing factors of VPA serum concentration, but conclusions are sometimes paradoxical. Furthermore, the concentration of VPA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been rarely reported. In the present study, VPA CSF concentrations were measured, and the potential factors influencing serum concentration and CSF distribution of VPA were investigated. In addition, the functional relationship between serum and CSF concentration was explored. METHODS Subjects were patients who underwent craniotomy and were administrated with VPA and had a lumbar puncture. Serum and CSF VPA concentrations were measured by use of the Abbott i1000 system. CYP2C9 (430 C>T, 1075 A>C, 1076 T>C, 1080 C>G), UGT1A6 (541 A>G, 552 A>C), UGT2B7 (211 G>T, 802 C>T), and ABCB1 (1236 C>T, 2677 G>T/A, 3435 C>T) genotypes were determined by direct sequencing. Information, such as age, gender, and height, was collected, and their effect on serum and CSF VPA concentrations was investigated by univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS First, the concomitant use of carbapenems (β' = -0.422) and UGT1A6 (552 AA → AC) (β' = -0.249) had a significant negative correlation with the weight-adjusted VPA serum concentration (C:W ratio), whereas CYP2C9 (1075 AA → AC) (β' = 0.186) and gender (female compared with male) (β' = 0.322) showed a positive correlation with VPA serum C:W ratio. The coefficient of determination (R) was only 0.348. Second, the relationship between the serum concentration and the CSF square root of the concentration (R = 0.705) had a better linear fit. Third, serum VPA concentration (β' = 0.810), concomitant use of glycerol fructose (β' = 0.160), and age (≥65 compared with <65) (β' = 0.118) showed a positive correlation (R = 0.748) with the variability of square root of the concentration of the CSF. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese patients, after craniotomy, female patients with 1 or more of CYP2C9 (1075 AC) and UGT1A6 (552 AA) genotypes required a lower VPA dosage compared with male patient. There was a better-fitted linear relationship between VPA serum and the square root of CSF concentrations. CSF VPA concentrations were relatively stable, with only age and the use of glycerol fructose having a small influence.
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Suzuki E, Koyama K, Nakai D, Goda R, Kuga H, Chiba K. Observation of Clinically Relevant Drug Interaction in Chimeric Mice with Humanized Livers: The Case of Valproic Acid and Carbapenem Antibiotics. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 42:965-972. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Huang CR, Lin CH, Hsiao SC, Chen NC, Tsai WC, Chen SD, Lu YT, Chuang YC. Drug interaction between valproic acid and carbapenems in patients with epileptic seizures. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:130-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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14
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Wen ZP, Fan SS, Du C, Yin T, Zhou BT, Peng ZF, Xie YY, Zhang W, Chen Y, Xiao J, Chen XP. Drug-drug interaction between valproic acid and meropenem: a retrospective analysis of electronic medical records from neurosurgery inpatients. J Clin Pharm Ther 2017; 42:221-227. [PMID: 28145574 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z.-P. Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
| | - S.-S. Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - C. Du
- Department of Neurosurgery; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - T. Yin
- Department of Pharmacy; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - B.-T. Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Z.-F. Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Y.-Y. Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - W. Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Y. Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - J. Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - X.-P. Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study; University of South China; Hengyang Hunan China
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15
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Wen ZP, Fan SS, Du C, Yin T, Zhou BT, Peng ZF, Xie YY, Zhang W, Chen Y, Tang J, Xiao J, Chen XP. Influence of acylpeptide hydrolase polymorphisms on valproic acid level in Chinese epilepsy patients. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1219-1225. [PMID: 27406852 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concomitant use of meropenem (MEPM) can dramatically decrease valproic acid (VPA) plasma level. It is accepted that inhibition in acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) activity by MEPM coadministration was the trigger of this drug-drug interaction. AIM To investigate the influence of APEH genetic polymorphisms on VPA plasma concentration in Chinese epilepsy patients. PATIENTS & METHODS Urinary VPA-d6 β-D-glucuronide concentration was determined in 19 patients with VPA treatment alone (n = 10) or concomitant use with MEPM (n = 9). A retrospective study was performed on 149 epilepsy patients to investigate the influence of APEH polymorphisms rs3816877 and rs1131095 on adjusted plasma VPA concentration (CVPA) at steady-state. RESULTS Urinary VPA-d6 β-D-glucuronide (VPA-G) concentration was increased significantly in patients with MEPM coadministration. The CVPA of patients carrying the APEH rs3816877 C/C genotype was significantly higher than that of C/T carriers, and the difference was still obvious when stratified by UGT2B7 rs7668258 polymorphism. CONCLUSION APEH polymorphism has significant influence on VPA pharmacokinetics in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Peng Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China.,Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shuang Shi Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Can Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Bo Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ze Feng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuan Yang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China.,Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China.,Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
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16
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Suzuki E, Nakai D, Ikenaga H, Fusegawa K, Goda R, Kobayashi N, Kuga H, Izumi T. In vivo inhibition of acylpeptide hydrolase by carbapenem antibiotics causes the decrease of plasma concentration of valproic acid in dogs. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:126-31. [PMID: 26075835 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1054002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Our previous in vitro studies suggest that inhibition of the acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) activity as valproic acid glucuronide (VPA-G) hydrolase by carbapenems in human liver cytosol is a key process for clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) of valproic acid (VPA) with carbapenems. Here, we investigated whether in vivo DDI of VPA with meropenem (MEPM) was caused via inhibition of APEH in dogs. 2. More rapid decrease of plasma VPA levels and increased urinary excretion of VPA-G were observed after co-administration with MEPM compared with those after without co-administration, whereas the plasma level and bile excretion of VPA-G showed no change. 3. Dog VPA-G hydrolase activity, inhibited by carbapenems, was mainly located in cytosol from both the liver and kidney. APEH-immunodepleted cytosols lacked VPA-G hydrolase activity. Hepatic and renal APEH activity was negligible even at 24 h after dosing of MEPM to a dog. 4. In conclusion, DDI of VPA with carbapenems in dogs is caused by long-lasting inhibition of APEH-mediated VPA-G hydrolysis by carbapenems, which could explain the delayed recovery of plasma VPA levels to the therapeutic window even after discontinuation of carbapenems in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Suzuki
- a Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakai
- a Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hidenori Ikenaga
- a Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Keiichi Fusegawa
- a Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryoya Goda
- a Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kobayashi
- a Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuga
- a Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- a Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. , Tokyo , Japan
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17
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Miranda Herrero MC, Alcaraz Romero AJ, Escudero Vilaplana V, Fernández Lafever SN, Fernández-Llamazares CM, Barredo Valderrama E, Vázquez López M, de Castro P. Pharmacological interaction between valproic acid and carbapenem: what about levels in pediatrics? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015; 19:155-61. [PMID: 25578527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Valproic acid (VPA) is the most commonly used antiepileptic drug in pediatric patients, but its major drawback is its multiple pharmacological interactions. OBJECTIVE To study children who had been simultaneously treated with carbapenems and valproic acid, considering drug levels, pharmacological interactions and clinical follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective study of children who simultaneously received treatment with VPA and carbapenems between January 2003 and December 2011. Demographic variables, indication of treatment, dose, VPA plasma levels, interactions, clinical manifestations and medical management were analyzed. RESULTS 28 children with concomitant treatment with both drugs were included in the study. 64.3% were males. 78.6% of the interactions were observed in the Intensive Care Unit. 60.7% of children had been previously treated VPA and its major indication were generalized seizures. Basal plasma levels of VPA were recorded in 53% and at 24 h after admittance in 60%. "40% of basal VPA levels were below therapeutic range prior to the administration of carbapenem. After the introduction of carbapenem 88% of level determinations were below therapeutic range". 54.5% of the patients that were chronically receiving VPA and had good control of epilepsy before admission had seizures during the coadministration. One patient that was on VPA before admission but with bad control of epilepsy worsened, and one patient that acutely received VPA did not achieve seizure freedom. In these cases it was necessary to either increase VPA dose or change to a different antiepileptic drug. CONCLUSIONS Little is known about the mechanism of pharmacologic interactions between carbapenems and VPA, but it leads to a reduction in plasma levels that may cause a loss of seizure control, so simultaneous use of both drugs should be avoided when possible. If not, VPA levels should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro de Castro
- Department of Neuropediatrics, H.G.U Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Marahatta A, Bhandary B, Jeong SK, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Soybean greatly reduces valproic acid plasma concentrations: a food-drug interaction study. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4362. [PMID: 24618639 PMCID: PMC3950581 DOI: 10.1038/srep04362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soy on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of valproic acid (VPA). In a preclinical study, rats were pretreated with two different amounts of soy extract for five days (150 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg), which resulted in decreases of 57% and 65% in the Cmax of VPA, respectively. AUC of VPA decreased to 83% and 70% in the soy pretreatment groups. Interestingly, the excretion rate of VPA glucuronide (VPAG) was higher in the soy-fed groups. Levels of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) UGT1A3, UGT1A6, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 were elevated in the soy-treated group, and GABA concentrations were elevated in the brain after VPA administration. However, this was less pronounced in soy extract pretreated group than for the untreated group. This is the first study to report the effects of soy pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of VPA in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Marahatta
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea 560-182
| | - Bidur Bhandary
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea 560-182
| | - Seul-Ki Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea, 561-182
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea, 570-749
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea 560-182
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19
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Taha FA, Hammond DN, Sheth RD. Seizures from valproate-carbapenem interaction. Pediatr Neurol 2013; 49:279-81. [PMID: 23932807 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiepileptic medication interactions can complicate the management of epilepsy, by either increasing or reducing the effective serum concentrations thereby causing adverse effects or loss of seizure control. RESULTS A 14-year-old girl with well-controlled juvenile absence epilepsy lost control of her seizures acutely following the administration of carbapenem for pneumonia. Serum valproate concentrations fell by 90% within 48 hours following carbapenem and returned to baseline following its discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of this clinically significant interaction alters clinical practice by avoiding carbapenem or temporary use of adjunctive medication to prevent the clinical consequences of this significant drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas A Taha
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nemour's Children's Clinic, and the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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20
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Reduced valproic acid serum concentrations due to drug interactions with carbapenem antibiotics: overview of 6 cases. Ther Drug Monit 2013; 34:599-603. [PMID: 22929406 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e318260f7b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasma concentrations of valproic acid (VPA) are known to decrease during the concomitant administration of carbapenem antibiotics, such as meropenem, imipenem, and ertapenem. This study summarizes 6 cases of drug-drug interactions between VPA and carbapenem antibiotics. METHODS To investigate the onset and severity of the reductions in the concentration of VPA in patients with or without the coadministration of carbapenem antibiotics, the authors performed a retrospective evaluation of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) reports that described a decrease in the serum concentrations of VPA during the concomitant use of carbapenem antibiotics from January 2008 to December 2010 in the Seoul National University Hospital. The evaluated TDM reports included 6 cases. The decrement ratio of the VPA serum concentration was calculated from the TDM reports, and the change in the half-life of the VPA was also estimated. RESULTS Six cases presented with changes in the VPA serum concentration before and after the administration of carbapenem antibiotics. (Three cases were treated with meropenem, 2 were treated with ertapenem, and 1 was treated with imipenem.) The VPA concentrations reduced by (mean ± SD) 88.7 ± 5.3% (3 cases of meropenem), 74.0 ± 9.8% (2 cases of ertapenem), and 73.3% (1 case of imipenem), respectively, and the half-life of VPA reduced by 80.1 ± 9.0%, 64.4 ± 24.2%, and 50.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The interaction between VPA and carbapenem antibiotics caused decreases in the VPA serum concentrations; the extent of this decrease was greater in the meropenem-treated patients than in the imipenem-treated or ertapenem-treated cases. Because the therapeutic effect of VPA depends on its serum concentration, it should be recognized that there may be a loss of seizure control in patients using VPA with carbapenem antibiotics.
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21
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Tong EY, Ooi SC, Choo S, Dooley MJ, Skinner MJ. Vanishing Valproate: Significant Reductions in Serum Levels of Valproate with Meropenem Coadministration. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2055-2335.2012.tb00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Y Tong
- The Alfred, Faculty of Health Sciences; La Trobe University
| | | | - Shin Choo
- The Alfred, Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine; Monash University
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22
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Lee MC, Sun YH, Lee CH, Wu AJ, Wu TW. Interaction between valproic acid and carbapenems: Case series and literature review. Tzu Chi Med J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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24
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Suzuki E, Nakai D, Yamamura N, Kobayashi N, Okazaki O, Izumi T. Inhibition mechanism of carbapenem antibiotics on acylpeptide hydrolase, a key enzyme in the interaction with valproic acid. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:958-63. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.596582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Muzyk AJ, Candeloro CL, Christopher EJ. Drug interaction between carbapenems and extended-release divalproex sodium in a patient with schizoaffective disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2010; 32:560.e1-3. [PMID: 20851283 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians prescribing divalproex sodium (DVX) are well aware of its potential to cause a drug-drug interaction. One specific interaction occurs between the carbapenem antibiotics and DVX resulting in decreased valproic acid (VPA) levels immediately following the initiation of this antibiotic class. OBJECTIVE/METHOD We describe a case of a 46 year-old Caucasian male who had an undetectable VPA level following treatment with carbapenems. RESULTS On admission the patient's VPA level was 115 μg/ml; however, a routine VPA level on day 19 of his hospitalization returned a value of 16 μg/ml. At this point, he had received a total of 15 days of carbapenem antibiotics for treatment of lower leg cellulitis. His DVX dose was increased to a maximum of 6g daily, twice his home dose, but it did not produce a therapeutic VPA concentration. The patient was lost to follow-up before an outpatient VPA level was drawn. CONCLUSION Our case report is the first to document this drug-drug interaction in a patient diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Muzyk
- Campbell University School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Liao FF, Huang YB, Chen CY. Decrease in serum valproic acid levels during treatment with ertapenem. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2010; 67:1260-4. [DOI: 10.2146/ajhp090069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chi-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Masuo Y, Ito K, Yamamoto T, Hisaka A, Honma M, Suzuki H. Characterization of Inhibitory Effect of Carbapenem Antibiotics on the Deconjugation of Valproic Acid Glucuronide. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1828-35. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.034231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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28
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Suzuki E, Yamamura N, Ogura Y, Nakai D, Kubota K, Kobayashi N, Miura SI, Okazaki O. Identification of valproic acid glucuronide hydrolase as a key enzyme for the interaction of valproic acid with carbapenem antibiotics. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1538-44. [PMID: 20551238 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.032938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma levels of valproic acid (VPA) are decreased by concomitant use with carbapenem antibiotics, such as panipenem (PAPM). One of the plausible mechanisms of this interaction is the inhibition of VPA glucuronide (VPA-G) hydrolysis by carbapenems in the liver. To elucidate this interaction mechanism, we purified VPA-G hydrolase from human liver cytosol, in which the hydrolytic activity was mainly located. After chromatographic purification, the VPA-G hydrolase was identified as acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH). APEH-depleted cytosol, prepared by an immunodepletion method, completely lacked the hydrolytic activity. These results demonstrate that APEH is a single enzyme involved in PAPM-sensitive VPA-G hydrolysis in cytosol. In addition, the hydrolytic activity of recombinant human APEH was inhibited by PAPM and the inhibition profile by typical esterase inhibitors (diisopropyl fluorophosphate, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, and d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone) was similar to that of human liver cytosol. Cytosolic VPA-G hydrolase activity was slightly inhibited by cholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibitors. beta-Glucuronidase activity remained in APEH-depleted cytosol, whereas VPA-G hydrolase activity was completely abolished. Thus, either cholinesterase, carboxylesterase, or beta-glucuronidase in cytosol would not be involved in VPA-G hydrolysis. Taken together, APEH plays a major role in the PAPM-sensitive VPA-G hydrolysis in the liver. These findings suggest that APEH could be a key enzyme for the drug interaction of VPA with carbapenems via VPA-G hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Suzuki
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mancl EE, Gidal BE. The Effect of Carbapenem Antibiotics on Plasma Concentrations of Valproic Acid. Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43:2082-7. [DOI: 10.1345/aph.1m296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To critically evaluate the mechanisms of the interaction between valproic acid and carbapenem antibiotics. Data Sources: A PubMed search (January 1971–June 2009) was performed to identify literature on the interaction between valproic acid and carbapenem antibiotics. Additional references were identified through review of bibliographies of identified articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Data on the mechanisms of the interaction between valproic acid and carbapenem antibiotics were extracted from identified references that were published in English. Data Synthesis: Valproic acid plasma concentrations fall markedly during concomitant administration with carbapenem antibiotics due to a combination of absorption, distribution, and metabolism mechanisms. Carbapenems appear to inhibit the intestinal transporter of valproic acid, thereby reducing absorption of orally administered valproic acid. In vivo experiments in rats demonstrate a 57% reduction in absorption of orally administered valproic acid in the presence of imipenem. Followup studies in Caco-2 cells suggest that the inhibition probably occurs at the basolateral membrane. In addition, enterohepatic recycling of valproic acid may be diminished due to carbapenem activity against gut flora producing β-glucuronidase. When rabbits and rats were given intravenous valproic acid-glucuronide, the glucuronide metabolite of valproic acid, 50–90% of the conversion back into valproic acid was inhibited in the presence of a carbapenem. An increase in erythrocyte distribution of valproic acid has also been observed in the presence of carbapenems. After intravenous administration of a carbapenem and valproic acid, valproic acid plasma concentrations fell in the presence of a carbapenem, yet whole blood concentrations of valproic acid did not change significantly. Follow-up studies suggest that the mechanism of this distribution shift is that multidrug resistance proteins on adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporters on erythrocyte membranes are inhibited by carbapenems. Thus, valproic acid is not effluxed out of the erythrocytes. Finally, carbapenems may enhance glucuronidation of valproic acid by increasing UDP-glucuronic acid levels. In rats, UDP-glucuronic acid levels increased by 1,7-fold in the presence of panipenem, which was proportionate to the increase in valproic acid-glucuronide formation. Conclusions: Published data demonstrate a serious and complex interaction between valproic acid and carbapenem antibiotics. Coadministration should be avoided, but if no other antibiotic therapies exist, it is imperative to monitor valproic acid concentrations more frequently. Clinicians should anticipate higher doses of valproic acid to maintain therapeutic serum concentrations during coadministration and subsequent dose reductions upon discontinuation of the carbapenem antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Mancl
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Barry E Gidal
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin
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Effect of concomitant administration of meropenem and valproic acid in an elderly Chinese patient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 7:26-33. [PMID: 19281938 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meropenem is a carbapenem with a broad spectrum of activity against beta-lactamase-producing organisms. Valproic acid is widely used in the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures. Concomitant administration of meropenem and valproic acid reportedly leads to a rapid decline in serum concentrations of valproic acid, which is sometimes associated with seizures. CASE SUMMARY This report describes an 85-year-old Chinese male inpatient who twice received concomitant administration of meropenem and valproic acid for the treatment of pneumonia and poststroke epilepsy, respectively. Rapid declines in valproic acid concentrations were observed both times after meropenem administration. No seizures occurred in the first treatment period; however, when the patient suffered pneumonia again 3 months later, the same concomitant therapy was prescribed, and seizures occurred. It is difficult to identify a single etiology of the seizures. Based on a score of 7 on the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale, the seizures were considered to be probably related to the concomitant administration of meropenem and valproic acid. CONCLUSIONS Various factors make the effect of concomitant administration of meropenem and valproic acid unpredictable, even in the same patient. Caution should be used when administering meropenem and valproic acid concomitantly, especially in elderly patients with central nervous system disorders, even if the patient has had a successful prior experience with these 2 drugs. If concomitant administration is essential, very close serum concentration monitoring and clinical observation are necessary.
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San Antonio Arce V, Joyanes Abancens B. [Meropenem and valproic acid. An interaction to remember]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2008; 70:193-4. [PMID: 19217581 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ueshima S, Aiba T, Makita T, Nishihara S, Kitamura Y, Kurosaki Y, Kawasaki H, Sendo T, Ohtsuka Y, Gomita Y. Characterization of non-linear relationship between total and unbound serum concentrations of valproic acid in epileptic children. J Clin Pharm Ther 2008; 33:31-8. [PMID: 18211614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a regression equation to properly estimate the unbound serum concentration of valproic acid (VPA) from its total serum concentration; the relationship between total and unbound serum VPA concentrations was retrospectively characterized. METHODS Data were obtained from the clinical examination records that were routinely archived during therapeutic drug monitoring. The screening encompassed 342 records of 108 paediatric patients whose total and unbound VPA concentrations had been determined. The relationship between total and unbound VPA concentrations was characterized according to the Langmuir equation by taking account of inter-individual variability with the nonmem program. RESULTS The total VPA concentration (C(t)) in the screened patients ranged from 5.5 to 179.8 microg/mL, and the unbound VPA concentration (C(f)) increased in a non-linear manner as the total VPA concentration increased. Taking account of the effects of antiepileptics concurrently administered, the VPA dissociation constant (K(d)) and maximum binding site concentration (B(m)) were 7.8 +/- 0.7 and 130 +/- 4.5 microg/mL respectively, for the regression equation, C(t) = C(f) + B(m) x C(f)/(K(d) + C(f)). An alteration in the unbound concentration was seen in patients who were treated with the combination of VPA and ethosuximide and in those who received two additional antiepileptics. CONCLUSIONS A regression equation for estimation of the unbound VPA concentration, based on total VPA concentration collected during routine therapeutic drug monitoring was established. Use of two additional antiepileptics and ethosuximide treatment was considered as potential factors affecting unbound VPA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ueshima
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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Mori H, Takahashi K, Mizutani T. Interaction between valproic acid and carbapenem antibiotics. Drug Metab Rev 2007; 39:647-57. [PMID: 18058328 DOI: 10.1080/03602530701690341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The serum concentration of valproic acid (VPA) in epilepsy patients decreased by the administration of carbapenem antibiotics, such as meropenem, panipenem or imipenem, to a sub-therapeutic level. This review summarized several case reports of this interaction between VPA (1-4 g dose) and carbapenem antibiotics to elucidate the possible mechanisms decreasing VPA concentration by carbapenem antibiotics. Studies to explain the decrease were carried out using rats by the following sites: absorption of VPA in the intestine, glucuronidation in the liver, disposition in blood and renal excretion. In the intestinal absorption site, there are two possible mechanisms: inhibition of the intestinal transporter for VPA absorption by carbapenem antibiotics, and the decrease of beta-glucuronidase supplied from enteric bacteria, which were killed by antibiotics. This is consistent with a view that the decrease of VPA originated from VPA-Glu, relating to entero-hepatic circulation. The second key site is in the liver, because of no decreased in VPA level by carbapenem antibiotics in hepatectomized rats. There are three possible mechanisms in the liver to explain the decreased phenomenon: first, decrease of the UDPGA level by carbapenem antibiotics. UDPGA is a co-factor for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated glucuronidation of VPA. Second, the direct activation of UGT by carbapenem antibiotics. This activation was observed after pre-incubation of human liver microsomes with carbapenem antibiotics. Third, the inhibition of beta-glucuronidase in liver by carbapenem antibiotics and the decreased VPA amount liberated from VPA-Glu. The third site is the distribution of VPA in blood (erythrocytes and plasma). Plasma VPA distributed to erythrocytes by the inhibition of transporters (Mrp4), which efflux VPA from erythrocytes to plasma, by carbapenem antibiotics. The increase of renal excretion of VPA as VPA-Glu depends on the increase of VPA-Glu level by UGT. One or a combination of some factors in these mechanisms might relate to the carbapenem-mediated decrease of the plasma VPA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
Meropenem is a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibacterial with potent antimicrobial activity against a broad range of Gram-negative, Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. The second parenteral carbapenem to be introduced worldwide, meropenem has been in clinical use since 1994. Two previous safety reviews have established that meropenem has a favourable and acceptable safety profile. This new review was conducted after the approval of meropenem in the US in 2005 for the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin-structure infections, in addition to the previously approved indications of intra-abdominal infections and paediatric bacterial meningitis. The analysis includes the clinical trial data from the previous safety reviews, updated with expanded experience across a number of serious bacterial infections, including a large international study in patients with skin or skin-structure infections and further experience in patients with intra-abdominal infections and bacterial meningitis. A total of 6154 patients with 6308 meropenem exposures were compared with 4483 patients treated with comparator agents (4593 exposures), and the paediatric population base for which safety data are available has doubled to over 1000 patients. The data presented reinforce the favourable safety profile of meropenem. In general, the incidence and pattern of adverse events occurring with meropenem were similar to those of the first carbapenem, imipenem/cilastatin, and to those of the cephalosporin- and clindamycin-based regimens to which it had been compared. The most common adverse events reported for meropenem were diarrhoea (2.5%), rash (1.4%) and nausea/vomiting (1.2%). No adverse event occurred in more than 3% of patient exposures to meropenem, indicating a low overall frequency of adverse events as well as excellent gastrointestinal tolerability. Furthermore, no unexpected adverse events were identified, and the very low incidence of seizures in patients with meningitis was not considered to be drug related. In infections other than meningitis, the incidence of seizures considered by investigators to be related to meropenem treatment was 0.07%. In the new studies that updated the earlier safety data, no new cases of drug-related seizure were reported for any treatment or patient group (meningitis/non-meningitis infections). In conclusion, meropenem is well tolerated and has good CNS and gastrointestinal tolerability when used for the treatment of serious bacterial infections in a wide range of adult and paediatric patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Linden
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Lee SG, Kim JH, Joo JY, Kwon OH. Seven Cases of Decreased Serum Valproic Acid Concentration During Concomitant Use of Carbapenem Antibiotics. Ann Lab Med 2007; 27:338-43. [DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2007.27.5.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Guk Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Yang Joo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Hun Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lunde JL, Nelson RE, Storandt HF. Acute Seizures in a Patient Receiving Divalproex Sodium After Starting Ertapenem Therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2007; 27:1202-5. [PMID: 17655519 DOI: 10.1592/phco.27.8.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Divalproex sodium is an anticonvulsant widely prescribed to treat several types of seizure disorders, including tonic-clonic and simple or complex partial seizures. We describe a 41-year-old man who experienced recurring tonic-clonic seizures after a drug interaction between divalproex sodium and ertapenem, a carbapenem antibiotic. The patient's valproic acid serum concentration was 130 mug/ml approximately 3 months before he started ertapenem 2000 mg/day (20.6 mg/kg/day). On day 7 of ertapenem therapy, the patient was brought to the emergency department with tonic-clonic seizures; his valproic acid serum concentration was 70 microg/ml. His divalproex sodium dosage was increased, and he was released from the emergency department only to return 4 days later with recurring seizures. This time his valproic acid serum concentration was 10.7 microg/ml. Ertapenem was discontinued, and his divalproex sodium dosage was increased further. The patient's valproic acid level rapidly returned to a therapeutic level 2 days after ertapenem discontinuation, and he had no further seizures. Using the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale to determine the probability of the drug interaction, we found that the likelihood of the interaction was probable (score of 7). Similar interactions have been reported between other carbapenem antibiotics and valproic acid. Clinicians should be aware of this potential interaction between divalproex sodium and ertapenem; concurrent administration of these two drugs should be approached with caution. In patients prescribed this combination, the valproic acid serum concentration should be carefully monitored to prevent recurring seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L Lunde
- Department of Pharmacy, MeritCare Health System, Fargo, North Dakota 58122, USA
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Hirata-Koizumi M, Saito M, Miyake S, Hasegawa R. Adverse events caused by drug interactions involving glucuronoconjugates of zidovudine, valproic acid and lamotrigine, and analysis of how such potential events are discussed in package inserts of Japan, UK and USA. J Clin Pharm Ther 2007; 32:177-85. [PMID: 17381668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2007.00814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE As pharmacokinetic drug interactions frequently cause adverse events, it is important that the relevant information is given in package inserts (PIs). We previously analysed the provision of PIs for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and Ca antagonists, for which metabolism by cytochrome P450 could be a major interaction mechanism. In this article, we focus on interactions involving glucuronoconjugates because many drugs and their metabolites undergo this conjugation. METHODS We reviewed clinical drug interactions related to glucuronoconjugates, focusing on reports of adverse events. Then, we picked out three important drugs (zidovudine, valproic acid and lamotrigine), and examined how the literature information is reflected in the relevant PIs in Japan, UK and USA. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Pharmacokinetic interactions related to glucuronoconjugates were found with 33 drug combinations. Of these, five combinations induced clear adverse events: (i) severe anaemia due to zidovudine and caused by interaction with valproic acid, (ii) recurrence/increased frequency of seizure or increased manic states from a reduction in therapeutic effects of valproic acid caused by panipenem, (iii) meropenem or (iv) ritonavir and (v) of lamotrigine caused by oral contraceptives. Analysis of PIs showed a lack of description of the interaction of zidovudine with valproic acid in the Japanese PI. The UK PI mentioned this interaction without quantitative data, whereas full information was given in the US PI. A lack of description was also present on the interaction between valproic acid with ritonavir, reported in 2006, in the PIs of all three countries. For the interactions involving valproic acid and panipenem or meropenem, even though marked reduction of blood valproic acid level has been reported, no quantitative data were provided in any of the PIs. CONCLUSION Five combinations were identified to cause severe adverse events because of interactions related to glucuronoconjugates. This information, including quantitative data, is not always properly provided in the relevant PIs in Japan, UK or USA. PIs should be improved to better inform healthcare providers and thereby help them and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirata-Koizumi
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Spriet I, Goyens J, Meersseman W, Wilmer A, Willems L, Van Paesschen W. Interaction between valproate and meropenem: a retrospective study. Ann Pharmacother 2007; 41:1130-6. [PMID: 17609232 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1k079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproate and meropenem are frequently used in the intensive care unit to treat seizures and serious infections, respectively. Several case reports have described a remarkable interaction between the drugs when administered concurrently. The interaction leads to a significant drop in plasma concentrations of valproate within 24 hours and relapse of seizures in some patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate a consecutive population of hospitalized patients who were simultaneously treated with meropenem and valproate and assess the effect on epileptic activity. METHODS A retrospective study of an 18 month period was performed to assess the extent and clinical impact of this interaction. To assess the relevance of the interaction, the time-relationship between the drop in plasma concentrations and relapse in seizure activity and/or deterioration of electroencephalogram recordings was determined. We investigated other contributing proconvulsive cofactors and concomitant antiepileptic treatment. Drug interaction probability scale (DIPS) scores were calculated. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were treated simultaneously with valproate and meropenem. The pharmacokinetic interaction was observed in all 39 patients, with an average drop in valproate plasma concentrations of 66%. The decrease occurred within 24 hours, as shown in 19 patients who had daily plasma concentration monitoring. The clinical impact of the interaction could not be assessed in 19 (49%) patients due to death (n = 13) or incomplete charts (n = 6). In the remaining 20 (51%) patients, DIPS scores were calculated and clinical relevance was assessed. The interaction was considered to be probable in 16 patients and possible in 4, as calculated by the DIPS. The interaction contributed to electroclinical deterioration in 11 patients. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic interaction between valproate and meropenem was present in all patients and led to a drop of valproate concentrations with an average of 66% within 24 hours. This interaction was clinically relevant with electroclinical deterioration in 55% of patients. To avoid patients' possible neurologic deterioration, meropenem and valproate should not be administered together.
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Spriet I, Meersseman W, De Troy E, Wilmer A, Casteels M, Willems L. Meropenem –valproic acid interaction in patients with cefepime-associated status epilepticus. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007; 64:54-8. [PMID: 17189580 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Two case reports of rapid decreases in valproic acid levels after initiation of meropenem in patients who developed new-onset seizure activity during treatment with cefepime are presented. SUMMARY A 60-year-old Caucasian woman with myelodysplasia was transferred to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) on day 11 of her hospitalization. Cefepime was given as empiric therapy for febrile neutropenia. Pulmonary invasive aspergillosis was diagnosed. On day 16 of hospitalization, epileptic activity was confirmed. Valproic acid was initiated. Cefepime was discontinued and meropenem was initiated for treatment of cefepime-resistant pneumonia. Serum valproic acid levels decreased to subtherapeutic levels within 24 hours. Meropenem was discontinued and ceftazidime was started on day 22; serum valproic acid levels gradually increased but never reached therapeutic levels again. The patient died of intractable invasive aspergillosis on day 33. A 54-year-old Caucasian man with myelodysplasia was admitted to the MICU for nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Ten days before admission, cefepime had been started empirically for the treatment of neutropenic fever. One day before MICU admission, valproic acid was initiated as treatment for status epilepticus. The next day, serum valproic acid levels were therapeutic; cefepime was switched to meropenem. Serum valproic acid levels decreased within 24 hours and phenytoin was added. On day 4, the patient's serum valproic acid levels decreased further and meropenem was discontinued. Although the valproic acid dosage was increased, valproic acid levels did not return to the therapeutic range. The patient died on day 11. CONCLUSION Following cefepime therapy, a clinically important interaction between meropenem and valproic acid occurred in two critically ill patients with new-onset status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Spriet
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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40
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Mori H, Mizutani T. In Vitro Activation of Valproate Glucuronidation by Carbapenem Antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.53.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Mori
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Takaharu Mizutani
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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Fudio S, Carcas A, Piñana E, Ortega R. Epileptic seizures caused by low valproic acid levels from an interaction with meropenem. J Clin Pharm Ther 2006; 31:393-6. [PMID: 16882111 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 55-year-old woman was diagnosed with pneumonia and was treated with meropenem; 5 days later she developed epileptic seizures. She had been treated with valproic acid for 16 years to control her epileptic seizures. Her serum valproic acid concentration was low during treatment with meropenem than previously recorded despite an increase of valproic dose. As soon as administration of meropenem was withdrawn, valproic acid concentration increased to previous levels and her seizures stopped. Meropenem decreases valproic acid concentration, and may promote the development of epileptic seizures in previously controlled epileptic patients. The acute lowering of serum valproate produced by meropenem probably precludes their concomitant use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fudio
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Horiuchi M, Kimura M, Tokumura M, Hasebe N, Arai T, Abe K. Absence of convulsive liability of doripenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic, in comparison with beta-lactam antibiotics. Toxicology 2006; 222:114-24. [PMID: 16549226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
beta-Lactam antibiotics have been suggested to have some degree of convulsive activity and neurotoxicity in experimental animals as well as in clinical situations. We examined the convulsive activities of a new carbapenem antibiotic, (+)-(4R,5S,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-[[(3S,5S)-5-[(sulfamoylamino)methyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]thio]-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxic acid monohydrate (doripenem) using several animals and compared them with beta-lactam antibiotics. In intravenous (IV) injection studies, imipenem/cilastatin, at 400/400mg/kg produced seizure discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG) accompanied with clonic convulsions in rats. Meropenem showed only wet dog shaking behavior at 200 and 400mg/kg. Doripenem caused no changes in the EEG and behavior in rats at 400mg/kg. Imipenem/cilastatin IV potentiated the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsions in mice at 250/250 mg/kg, while meropenem, panipenem/betamipron, cefazolin or doripenem did not cause any marked effects at up to 500 mg/kg. In mouse intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection studies, imipenem, panipenem and cefazolin induced clonic convulsions in a dose-dependent manner in mice. Doripenem and meropenem did not induce convulsions at up to 100 microg/mouse. In dog ICV injection studies, imipenem produced generalized seizure discharge with clonic convulsions at 100 microg/dog. Meropenem also produced spikes or seizure discharges at 100, 300 and 1,000 microg/dog. However, doripenem had no effects on the EEG and behavior in dogs at any doses. In in vitro binding studies, imipenem, panipenem, cefazolin and meropenem inhibited [(3)H]muscimol binding to the GABA(A) receptor in mouse brain homogenates while doripenem did not cause any inhibition at up to 10mM. In addition, doripenem had no influence on the anti-convulsant actions of valproic acid in the PTZ- or bicuculine-induced convulsive model. These results clearly indicate that doripenem has no convulsive activity, suggesting that its neurotoxicity may be negligible in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Horiuchi
- Department of Drug Safety Evaluation, Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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Sala Piñol F, Padullés Zamora N, Hidalgo Albert E, Clemente Bautista S, Cabañas Poy MJ, Oliveras Arenas M, Balcells Ramírez J. Interacción farmacocinética entre ácido valproico y meropenem. An Pediatr (Barc) 2006; 64:93-5. [PMID: 16539924 DOI: 10.1016/s1695-4033(06)70016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have described a decrease in valproic acid (VPA) serum concentrations when carbapenem therapy is administered. The exact mechanism of this pharmacokinetic interaction is unknown, although several experimental studies have been carried out in animals. Because of these interactions, plasma concentrations of VPA in these patients should be monitored and, whenever possible, VPA or carbapenem therapy should be substituted by other drugs. We describe the cases of two epileptic children who simultaneously received meropenem and VPA. Concentrations of VPA decreased to subtherapeutic levels. We review the various mechanisms for this interaction proposed to date, as well as all reported cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sala Piñol
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ikeda H, Murakami T, Takano M, Usui T, Kihira K. Pharmacokinetic interaction on valproic acid and recurrence of epileptic seizures during chemotherapy in an epileptic patient. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 59:593-7. [PMID: 15842559 PMCID: PMC1884836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To report a pharmacokinetic interaction between valproic acid (VPA) and anticancer agents observed in an epileptic patient. METHODS A 34-year old male epileptic patient receiving VPA underwent cisplatin-based chemotherapy for the treatment of a testicular tumour. The first chemotherapeutic cycle decreased the serum VPA concentration and caused severe generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Thus, thereafter, the serum VPA concentration was monitored along with the chemotherapy. RESULTS In a patient receiving VPA daily, severe seizures were observed 7 weeks after the first chemotherapeutic cycle, at which the serum VPA concentration was found to be reduced by approximately 50% of the initial level (90-100 microg ml(-1)). The following cycles (six cycles over a 7-month period) also caused seizures in association with decreased serum VPA concentrations. In contrast, the serum concentration of phenytoin, which was given daily after the second chemotherapeutic cycle, remained at a therapeutic concentration (10-20 microg ml(-1)). After the completion of chemotherapy, the serum concentration of a tumour marker, hCGbeta, decreased to 1.2 ng ml(-1) from more than 120 ng ml(-1) prior to the chemotherapy in this patient. CONCLUSIONS Careful monitoring of VPA concentrations are necessary during cisplatin-based chemotherapy because anticancer agents can reduce the serum concentration and antiepileptic activity of VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Hiroshima University Hospital, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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45
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Omoda K, Murakami T, Yumoto R, Nagai J, Maeda Y, Kiribayashi Y, Takano M. Increased erythrocyte distribution of valproic acid in pharmacokinetic interaction with carbapenem antibiotics in rat and human. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:1685-93. [PMID: 15986463 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenem antibiotics cause pharmacokinetic interaction with valproic acid (VPA) in clinical pharmacotherapy. Here, we investigated the mechanism of interaction from the viewpoint of erythrocyte distribution of VPA in rats and humans. Imipenem or panipenem was administered intravenously and then VPA intravenously or into the intestinal lumen in rats. Both imipenem and panipenem significantly decreased plasma VPA levels. In contrast, these antibiotics did not affect, or rather increased, VPA levels in whole blood, and increased the erythrocyte distribution of VPA in vivo. In clinical, two patients receiving VPA were given imipenem intravenously, because of intractable infectious diseases. Imipenem lowered plasma VPA levels by approximately 40%-60% of original levels, and increased the erythrocyte distribution of VPA, as observed in rats. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic interaction between VPA and carbapenem antibiotics, in which plasma VPA levels were markedly reduced, may partly be derived from the increased erythrocyte distribution of VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Omoda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Programs for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Clause D, Decleire PY, Vanbinst R, Soyer A, Hantson P. Pharmacokinetic interaction between valproic acid and meropenem. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31:1293-4. [PMID: 16170544 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-005-2695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Serum concentrations of valproate were reduced and seizures were exacerbated by concomitant meropenem therapy in a child with a neurodegenerative disorder and epilepsy. In this patient, a rapid decline of valproate serum concentrations was observed on two occasions with meropenem antibiotic therapy. This event was the most likely cause of observed seizure exacerbation. Meropenem should be used with caution in patients treated with valproate owing to the drastic lowering of serum valproate concentration and the consequent risk of seizure worsening.
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48
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Coves-Orts FJ, Borrás-Blasco J, Navarro-Ruiz A, Murcia-López A, Palacios-Ortega F. Acute Seizures Due to a Probable Interaction between Valproic Acid and Meropenem. Ann Pharmacother 2005; 39:533-7. [PMID: 15701769 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1e358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To report a probable interaction between meropenem and valproic acid that resulted in the development of epileptic seizures. CASE SUMMARY: A 21-year-old woman presented to our emergency department because of a new-onset, generalized tonic—clonic seizure and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Treatment with valproic acid 1000 mg as a continuous intravenous infusion over 24 hours was initiated. On day 6, the serum concentration of valproic acid was 52.5 μg/mL. On day 13, treatment with intravenous meropenem 1 g 3 times daily was started. On day 15, when the patient was afebrile, numerous myoclonic episodes occurred involving her arms and face; the serum concentration of valproic acid at that time was 42 μg/mL. The valproic acid dose was increased to 2880 mg. Two days later, a generalized tonic—clonic seizure occurred despite the increased dosage, and the plasma concentration of valproic acid fell to 7 μg/mL. The valproic acid dose was increased the following day to 3600 mg; however, the serum concentrations remained <10 μg/mL. On day 19, based on the results of a blood culture and the suspicion of an interaction between meropenem and valproic acid, meropenem therapy was suspended. The serum concentration of valproic acid was 52.4 μg/mL on day 27. Three days later, the patient was asymptomatic and was discharged. DISCUSSION: Coadministration of valproic acid and other drugs that are metabolized by the hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme system can lead to clinically relevant interactions by induction or inhibition of enzymes in shared metabolic pathways. In view of studies in experimental models, the interaction between carbapenem antibiotics and valproic acid is at least possible. Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a probable relationship between acute seizures and a meropenem—valproic acid interaction in this patient. CONCLUSIONS: This case report provides strong evidence for an interaction between valproic acid and meropenem. Clinicians should be aware of this potential interaction that may be associated with a serious adverse effect as the result of the decrease of the valproic acid serum concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Coves-Orts
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Cami de l'Almazara 11, Elche 03203, Alicante, Spain
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Nakajima Y, Mizobuchi M, Nakamura M, Takagi H, Inagaki H, Kominami G, Koike M, Yamaguchi T. Mechanism of the drug interaction between valproic acid and carbapenem antibiotics in monkeys and rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2004; 32:1383-91. [PMID: 15345660 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.104.000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan banned coadministration of carbapenems, such as panipenem/betamipron (PAPM), meropenem (MEPM), and valproic acid (VPA) because clinical reports have indicated that the coadministration caused seizures in epileptic patients due to lowered plasma levels of VPA. In this study, we have clarified the mechanism of the drug-drug interaction using PAPM, MEPM, and doripenem [S-4661; (+)-(4R,5S,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-[[(3S,5S)-5-[(sulfamoylamino)methyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]thio]-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-caboxylic acid monohydrate], a newly synthesized carbapenem. In vitro experiments using monkey liver slices suggested that the apparent synthetic rate of VPA glucuronide (VPA-G) increased in the presence of carbapenems. However, no such increase was observed in the experiment using monkey liver microsomes. Although no increase of uridine 5'-diphosphate D-glucuronic acid was found in monkey liver slices in the presence of carbapenems, potent inhibitory activity of carbapenems for the hydrolysis of VPA-G was found in monkey and rat liver homogenate. In vivo hydrolysis of VPA-G was clearly shown by the existence of VPA in plasma after dosing of VPA-G to rats, and its inhibition by carbapenems was also clearly shown by the negligible levels of VPA in rat plasma after coadministration of carbapenems and VPA-G. These results clearly indicate one of the important causes of drug interaction as follows: carbapenems would inhibit the hydrolytic enzyme, which is involved in the hydrolysis of VPA-G to VPA, resulting in a decrease of plasma concentration of VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
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Nacarkucuk E, Saglam H, Okan M. Meropenem decreases serum level of valproic acid. Pediatr Neurol 2004; 31:232-4. [PMID: 15351028 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2003] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Concomitant administration of meropenem has been reported to decrease serum level of valproic acid both in humans and in animals. This report describes three children who required simultaneous administration of valproic acid and meropenem. Meropenem rapidly decreased serum valproic acid concentration to subtherapeutic levels in all three children, and serum valproic acid levels were returned to therapeutic levels in a short time after discontinuing simultaneous meropenem therapy. Valproic acid was not changed to another antiepileptic agent, because no seizure activity was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first case report on the simultaneous administration of meropenem and valproic acid in childhood. In conclusion, it is clear that concomitant meropenem administration decreases serum valproic acid concentration, and we believe that there may be no need to change the antiepileptic drug during this period, provided that the patient has no seizure. More detailed studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergun Nacarkucuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
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