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Xue L, Yu J, Zhong Y, Chen J, Li C, Yang K, Duchemin N, Hu YJ. Light-induced β-hydroxy sulfone synthesis in DNA-encoded libraries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6885-6888. [PMID: 38888137 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
We here describe a visible-light photooxidation of sulfinate salts with common alkenes to yield β-hydroxy sulfones on DNA. This process demonstrates a broad substrate compatibility and achieves conversion rates ranging from moderate to excellent. Most importantly, it presents a straightforward, efficient, and metal-free approach for synthesizing Csp3-rich DNA-encoded libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xue
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd, No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China.
| | - Jiaqing Yu
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd, No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China.
| | - Ying Zhong
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd, No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China.
| | - Junyun Chen
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd, No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd, No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China.
| | - Kexin Yang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Nicolas Duchemin
- Pharmaron UK, Ltd, Innovation Park, West Cl, Hertford Rd, Hoddesdon EN11 9FH, UK.
| | - Yun Jin Hu
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd, No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China.
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Chowdhury S, Nandi N. Computational study of the mechanism of binding of antifungal icofungipen in the active site of eukaryotic isoleucyl tRNA synthetase from Candida albicans. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38444320 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2323143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic fungal species Candida albicans is a critical infective pathogenic agent. The β-amino acid, Icofungipen, is an effective inhibitor of Candida albicans. Icofungipen binds at the active site of the isoleucyl tRNA synthetase (IleRS) from Candida albicans (CaIleRS) and halts protein translation in fungus. In the present work, we have investigated the mechanism of binding of Icogungipen (abbreviated as IFP). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the carboxylic acid group of IFP in the CaIleRS: IFP complex is more oriented towards the Connective Polypeptide (CP) core loop compared to the carboxylic acid group of Ile in the CaIleRS: Ile complex. The Arg 410 of the CP core loop near the substrate is extended towards the IFP. Due to the difference in the conformation of residues of the CP core loop, the KMSKR loop is more proximal to the CP core loop in CaIleRS: IFP. The editing domain which is covalently linked with the CP core loop in the CaIleRS: IFP complex is also oriented in such a way that the active site cavity is narrow and longer. The metadynamics calculation shows that the IFP is trapped in a deeper potential well compared to Ile which is due to the effective closure of the gateway of the active site by KMSKR and CP core loop. The thin, long shape of the active site and the closed gate of the active site in CaIleRS: IFP complex is responsible for the effective capture of IFP relative to Ile in the active site.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilashis Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Riedling O, Walker AS, Rokas A. Predicting fungal secondary metabolite activity from biosynthetic gene cluster data using machine learning. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0340023. [PMID: 38193680 PMCID: PMC10846162 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03400-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) contribute to the diversity of fungal ecological communities, niches, and lifestyles. Many fungal SMs have one or more medically and industrially important activities (e.g., antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor). The genes necessary for fungal SM biosynthesis are typically located right next to each other in the genome and are known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). However, whether fungal SM bioactivity can be predicted from specific attributes of genes in BGCs remains an open question. We adapted machine learning models that predicted SM bioactivity from bacterial BGC data with accuracies as high as 80% to fungal BGC data. We trained our models to predict the antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic/antitumor bioactivity of fungal SMs on two data sets: (i) fungal BGCs (data set comprised of 314 BGCs) and (ii) fungal (314 BGCs) and bacterial BGCs (1,003 BGCs). We found that models trained on fungal BGCs had balanced accuracies between 51% and 68%, whereas training on bacterial and fungal BGCs had balanced accuracies between 56% and 68%. The low prediction accuracy of fungal SM bioactivities likely stems from the small size of the data set; this lack of data, coupled with our finding that including bacterial BGC data in the training data did not substantially change accuracies currently limits the application of machine learning approaches to fungal SM studies. With >15,000 characterized fungal SMs, millions of putative BGCs in fungal genomes, and increased demand for novel drugs, efforts that systematically link fungal SM bioactivity to BGCs are urgently needed.IMPORTANCEFungi are key sources of natural products and iconic drugs, including penicillin and statins. DNA sequencing has revealed that there are likely millions of biosynthetic pathways in fungal genomes, but the chemical structures and bioactivities of >99% of natural products produced by these pathways remain unknown. We used artificial intelligence to predict the bioactivities of diverse fungal biosynthetic pathways. We found that the accuracies of our predictions were generally low, between 51% and 68%, likely because the natural products and bioactivities of only very few fungal pathways are known. With >15,000 characterized fungal natural products, millions of putative biosynthetic pathways present in fungal genomes, and increased demand for novel drugs, our study suggests that there is an urgent need for efforts that systematically identify fungal biosynthetic pathways, their natural products, and their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Riedling
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allison S. Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Riedling O, Walker AS, Rokas A. Predicting fungal secondary metabolite activity from biosynthetic gene cluster data using machine learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557468. [PMID: 37745539 PMCID: PMC10515863 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) play a significant role in the diversity of ecological communities, niches, and lifestyles in the fungal kingdom. Many fungal SMs have medically and industrially important properties including antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor activity, and a single metabolite can display multiple types of bioactivities. The genes necessary for fungal SM biosynthesis are typically found in a single genomic region forming biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). However, whether fungal SM bioactivity can be predicted from specific attributes of genes in BGCs remains an open question. We adapted previously used machine learning models for predicting SM bioactivity from bacterial BGC data to fungal BGC data. We trained our models to predict antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic/antitumor bioactivity on two datasets: 1) fungal BGCs (dataset comprised of 314 BGCs), and 2) fungal (314 BGCs) and bacterial BGCs (1,003 BGCs); the second dataset was our control since a previous study using just the bacterial BGC data yielded prediction accuracies as high as 80%. We found that the models trained only on fungal BGCs had balanced accuracies between 51-68%, whereas training on bacterial and fungal BGCs yielded balanced accuracies between 61-74%. The lower accuracy of the predictions from fungal data likely stems from the small number of BGCs and SMs with known bioactivity; this lack of data currently limits the application of machine learning approaches in studying fungal secondary metabolism. However, our data also suggest that machine learning approaches trained on bacterial and fungal data can predict SM bioactivity with good accuracy. With more than 15,000 characterized fungal SMs, millions of putative BGCs present in fungal genomes, and increased demand for novel drugs, efforts that systematically link fungal SM bioactivity to BGCs are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Riedling
- Department of Biological Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allison S Walker
- Department of Biological Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Ghandhi LHD, Bidula S, Pask CM, Lord RM, McGowan PC. Bis(N-picolinamido)cobalt(II) Complexes Display Antifungal Activity toward Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3210-3221. [PMID: 34327861 PMCID: PMC8597028 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This report highlights the synthesis and characterization of ten new bis(N-picolinamido)cobalt(II) complexes of the type [(L)2 CoX2 ]0/2+ , whereby L=N-picolinamide ligand and X=diisothiocyanato (-NCS), dichlorido (-Cl) or diaqua (-OH2 ) ligands. Single crystal X-ray (SC-XRD) analysis for nine of the structures are reported and confirm the picolinamide ligand is bound to the Co(II) center through a neutral N,O binding mode. With the addition of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), we have confirmed the cis and trans ligand arrangements of each complex. All complexes were screened against several fungal species and show increased antifungal activity. Notably, these complexes had significant activity against strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, with several compounds exhibiting growth inhibition of >80 %, and onecompound inhibiting Aspergillus fumigatus hyphal growth by >90 %. Conversely, no antifungal activity was exhibited toward Cryptococcus neoformans and no cytotoxicity towards mammalian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Bidula
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7JTUK
| | | | - Rianne M. Lord
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7JTUK
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Curto MÁ, Butassi E, Ribas JC, Svetaz LA, Cortés JCG. Natural products targeting the synthesis of β(1,3)-D-glucan and chitin of the fungal cell wall. Existing drugs and recent findings. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:153556. [PMID: 33958276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last three decades systemic fungal infections associated to immunosuppressive therapies have become a serious healthcare problem. Clinical development of new antifungals is an urgent requirement. Since fungal but not mammalian cells are encased in a carbohydrate-containing cell wall, which is required for the growth and viability of fungi, the inhibition of cell wall synthesizing machinery, such as β(1,3)-D-glucan synthases (GS) and chitin synthases (CS) that catalyze the synthesis of β(1-3)-D-glucan and chitin, respectively, represent an ideal mode of action of antifungal agents. Although the echinocandins anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin are clinically well-established GS inhibitors for the treatment of invasive fungal infections, much effort must still be made to identify inhibitors of other enzymes and processes involved in the synthesis of the fungal cell wall. PURPOSE Since natural products (NPs) have been the source of several antifungals in clinical use and also have provided important scaffolds for the development of semisynthetic analogues, this review was devoted to investigate the advances made to date in the discovery of NPs from plants that showed capacity of inhibiting cell wall synthesis targets. The chemical characterization, specific target, discovery process, along with the stage of development are provided here. METHODS An extensive systematic search for NPs against the cell wall was performed considering all the articles published until the end of 2020 through the following scientific databases: NCBI PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar and using the combination of the terms "natural antifungals" and "plant extracts" with "fungal cell wall". RESULTS The first part of this review introduces the state of the art of the structure and biosynthesis of the fungal cell wall and considers exclusively those naturally produced GS antifungals that have given rise to both existing semisynthetic approved drugs and those derivatives currently in clinical trials. According to their chemical structure, natural GS inhibitors can be classified as 1) cyclic lipopeptides, 2) glycolipids and 3) acidic terpenoids. We also included nikkomycins and polyoxins, NPs that inhibit the CS, which have traditionally been considered good candidates for antifungal drug development but have finally been discarded after enduring unsuccessful clinical trials. Finally, the review focuses in the most recent findings about the growing field of plant-derived molecules and extracts that exhibit activity against the fungal cell wall. Thus, this search yielded sixteen articles, nine of which deal with pure compounds and seven with plant extracts or fractions with proven activity against the fungal cell wall. Regarding the mechanism of action, seven (44%) produced GS inhibition while five (31%) inhibited CS. Some of them (56%) interfered with other components of the cell wall. Most of the analyzed articles refer to tests carried out in vitro and therefore are in early stages of development. CONCLUSION This report delivers an overview about both existing natural antifungals targeting GS and CS activities and their mechanisms of action. It also presents recent discoveries on natural products that may be used as starting points for the development of potential selective and non-toxic antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ángeles Curto
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica and Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Estefanía Butassi
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juan C Ribas
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica and Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura A Svetaz
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Juan C G Cortés
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica and Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of 3'-Deoxy-3'-Fluoroadenosine against Emerging Flaviviruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.01522-20. [PMID: 33229424 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01522-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging flaviviruses are causative agents of severe and life-threatening diseases, against which no approved therapies are available. Among the nucleoside analogues, which represent a promising group of potentially therapeutic compounds, fluorine-substituted nucleosides are characterized by unique structural and functional properties. Despite having first been synthesized almost 5 decades ago, they still offer new therapeutic opportunities as inhibitors of essential viral or cellular enzymes active in nucleic acid replication/transcription or nucleoside/nucleotide metabolism. Here, we report evaluation of the antiflaviviral activity of 28 nucleoside analogues, each modified with a fluoro substituent at different positions of the ribose ring and/or heterocyclic nucleobase. Our antiviral screening revealed that 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine exerted a low-micromolar antiviral effect against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Zika virus, and West Nile virus (WNV) (EC50 values from 1.1 ± 0.1 μM to 4.7 ± 1.5 μM), which was manifested in host cell lines of neural and extraneural origin. The compound did not display any measurable cytotoxicity up to concentrations of 25 μM but had an observable cytostatic effect, resulting in suppression of cell proliferation at concentrations of >12.5 μM. Novel approaches based on quantitative phase imaging using holographic microscopy were developed for advanced characterization of antiviral and cytotoxic profiles of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine in vitro In addition to its antiviral activity in cell cultures, 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine was active in vivo in mouse models of TBEV and WNV infection. Our results demonstrate that fluoro-modified nucleosides represent a group of bioactive molecules with excellent potential to serve as prospective broad-spectrum antivirals in antiviral research and drug development.
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García-Carnero LC, Martínez-Álvarez JA, Salazar-García LM, Lozoya-Pérez NE, González-Hernández SE, Tamez-Castrellón AK. Recognition of Fungal Components by the Host Immune System. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:245-264. [PMID: 31889486 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666191231105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
By being the first point of contact of the fungus with the host, the cell wall plays an important role in the pathogenesis, having many molecules that participate as antigens that are recognized by immune cells, and also that help the fungus to establish infection. The main molecules reported to trigger an immune response are chitin, glucans, oligosaccharides, proteins, melanin, phospholipids, and others, being present in the principal pathogenic fungi with clinical importance worldwide, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Sporothrix schenckii. Knowledge and understanding of how the immune system recognizes and responds to fungal antigens are relevant for the future research and development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for the control of mycosis caused by these fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C García-Carnero
- Department of Biology, Exact and Natural Sciences Division, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - José A Martínez-Álvarez
- Department of Biology, Exact and Natural Sciences Division, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luis M Salazar-García
- Department of Biology, Exact and Natural Sciences Division, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nancy E Lozoya-Pérez
- Department of Biology, Exact and Natural Sciences Division, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Alma K Tamez-Castrellón
- Department of Biology, Exact and Natural Sciences Division, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Ellagic Acid Inhibits Trichophyton rubrum Growth via Affecting Ergosterol Biosynthesis and Apoptotic Induction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7305818. [PMID: 33193798 PMCID: PMC7641703 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7305818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Trichophyton rubrum, among other dermatophytes, is a major causative agent for superficial dermatomycoses like onychomycosis and tinea pedis, especially among pediatric and geriatric populations. Ellagic acid (EA) and shikonin (SK) have been reported to have many bioactivities, including antifungal activity. However, the mechanism of EA and SK on Trichophyton rubrum has not yet been reported. Objectives The purposes of this study were to evaluate the antifungal activities of EA and SK against Trichophyton rubrum and to illuminate the underlying action mechanisms. Methods The effect of EA (64, 128, and 256 μg/mL) and SK (8, 4, and 2 μg/mL) on Trichophyton rubrum was investigated with different doses via detecting cell viability, ultrastructure with using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), cell apoptosis and necrosis by using the flow cytometry instrument technique (FCIT), and the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway-related fungal cell membrane key gene expressions in vitro. Results SEM detection revealed that the T. rubrum cell surface was shrivelled, folded, and showed deformation and expansion, visible surface peeling, and broken hyphae, and cell contents overflowed after being treated with EA and SK; the cell apoptosis rate was significantly increased in dose-dependent manner after T. rubrum was treated with EA and SK; the qPCR results showed that mRNA expression of MEP4 and SUB1 was downregulated in EA- and SK-treated groups. Conclusions Overall, our results revealed the underlying antifungal mechanism of EA and SK, which may be related to the destruction of the fungal cell membrane and inhibition of C14 demethylase and the catalytic rate of squalene cyclooxidase in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway via downregulation of MEP4 and SUB1, suggesting that EA and SK have the potential to be developed further as a natural antifungal agent for clinical use.
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Kulkarni PS, Karale SN, Khandebharad AU, Agrawal BR, Sarda SR. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Newer Arylidene Incorporated 4-Thiazolidinones Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1823861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjay N Karale
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.A.M. University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Swapnil R. Sarda
- Department of Chemistry, J. E. S. College, Jalna, Maharashtra, India
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Morcoss MM, Abdelhafez ESMN, Ibrahem RA, Abdel-Rahman HM, Abdel-Aziz M, Abou El-Ella DA. Design, synthesis, mechanistic studies and in silico ADME predictions of benzimidazole derivatives as novel antifungal agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103956. [PMID: 32512267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, novel three series of benzimidazole scaffold bearing hydrazone, 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties 1-3, 4a-j, 6a-c and 7 derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. The structures of the prepared compounds were assigned using different spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analyses. Compounds 3, 4a, 4e and 4f exhibited remarkable antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans var. grubii with MIC values ranging from 4 to 16 μg/mL. Furthermore, they were not cytotoxic against red blood cells and human embryonic kidney cells at concentration up to 32 μg/mL. The study was expanded to forecast the mechanism of action of the prepared compounds and determine sterol quantitation method (SQM) by spectrophotometric assay. On the other hand, compound 4e showed the highest inhibitory activity against lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) with IC50 value = 0.19 μg/mL compared to fluconazole as reference IC50 value = 0.62 μg/mL. Also, compounds 4d and 4f exhibited mild to moderate antibacterial activity. Moreover, molecular docking of the active target compound 4e in active site of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) revealed that docking scores and binding mode are comparable to that of co-crystallized ligand confirming their antifungal activity. In silico ADME prediction investigations also forecasting the drug-like characters of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Morcoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | | | - Reham A Ibrahem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Hamdy M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Abou El-Ella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Zabiulla, Nagesh Khadri M, Bushra Begum A, Sunil M, Khanum SA. Synthesis, docking and biological evaluation of thiadiazole and oxadiazole derivatives as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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da Silva CM, da Silva DL, Magalhães TF, Alves RB, de Resende-Stoianoff MA, Martins FT, de Fátima Â. Iminecalix[4]arenes: Microwave-assisted synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and anticandidal activity. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Farooqi SI, Arshad N, Perveen F, Channar PA, Saeed A, Javed A. Aroylthiourea derivatives of ciprofloxacin drug as DNA binder: Theoretical, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies along with cytotoxicity assessment. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 666:83-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Turecka K, Chylewska A, Kawiak A, Waleron KF. Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Co(III) Coordination Complexes With Diamine Chelate Ligands Against Reference and Clinical Strains of Candida spp. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1594. [PMID: 30072969 PMCID: PMC6058090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many antifungal agents are available in clinical treatment, increasing resistance of fungi, especially Candida species, to the available drugs requires the development of new safe and non-toxic compounds with novel modes of action as effective treatment against resistant microorganisms. Cobalt complexes are very interesting and attractive as potential candidates with antimicrobial activity. Their therapeutic uses as antiviral, antibacterial antifungal, antiparasitic, antitumour, transferrin transporters, and anti-inflammatory agents are being intensively investigated. In this study we examined the antifungal activity of Co(III) complexes with diamine chelate ligands against a broad spectrum of Candida species. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the microbroth dilution method and with serial passaging assay; the synergistic antimicrobial activity of the tested complexes combined with two antifungal drugs (ketoconazole and amphotericin B) was made by checkerboard assay. The effects of Co(III) complexes on yeast cell morphology were studied by optical and transmission electron microscopy. The mode of action of Co(III) complexes on the yeast cell wall (sorbitol assay) and cell membrane (ergosterol assay) were investigated. The cytotoxic effects of the tested compounds on red blood cells and the human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line were also evaluated. The analyzed compounds revealed significant antifungal activity for selected strains of Candida species; [CoCl2(dap)2]Cl (1) and [CoCl2(en)2]Cl (2) were more effective than ketoconazole. Its probable mechanism of action did not involve the cell wall or ergosterol binding. However, the checkerboard assay showed, that the antifungal activity of ketoconazole increased in combination with the tested complexes of Co(III). Our results suggest that both diamine complexes with Co(III) analogs caused damage to mitochondrial membrane or the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The effect was observed by transmission electron microscope. Co(III) complexes with diamine chelate ligands are non-toxic at concentrations active against Candida species. This study provides new data on potential antifungal drugs, especially against Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Turecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof F Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Carey B, Lambourne J, Porter S, Hodgson T. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to gain-of-function mutation in STAT1. Oral Dis 2018; 25:684-692. [PMID: 29702748 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a heterogenous group of primary immunodeficiency diseases characterised by susceptibility to chronic or recurrent superficial Candida infection of skin, nails and mucous membranes. Gain-of-function mutations in the STAT1 gene (STAT1-GOF) are the most common genetic aetiology for CMC, and mutation analysis should be considered. These mutations lead to defective responses in Type 1 and Type 17 helper T cells (Th1 and Th17), which, depending on the mutation, also predispose to infection with Staphylococci, Mycobacteria and Herpesviridae. We describe the clinical and genetic findings for three patients with CMC due to gain-of-function mutations in the STAT1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Carey
- Oral Medicine Unit, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, Eastman Dental Hospital, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Lambourne
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen Porter
- Oral Medicine Unit, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, Eastman Dental Hospital, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Tim Hodgson
- Oral Medicine Unit, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, Eastman Dental Hospital, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
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Seley-Radtke KL, Yates MK. The evolution of nucleoside analogue antivirals: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part 1: Early structural modifications to the nucleoside scaffold. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:66-86. [PMID: 29649496 PMCID: PMC6396324 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside-analogue antiviral drugs, written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, as well as chemists who may not be familiar with the field. Rather than providing a simple chronological account, we have examined and attempted to explain the thought processes, advances in synthetic chemistry and lessons learned from antiviral testing that led to a few molecules being moved forward to eventual approval for human therapies, while others were discarded. The present paper focuses on early, relatively simplistic changes made to the nucleoside scaffold, beginning with modifications of the nucleoside sugars of Ara-C and other arabinose-derived nucleoside analogues in the 1960's. A future paper will review more recent developments, focusing especially on more complex modifications, particularly those involving multiple changes to the nucleoside scaffold. We hope that these articles will help virologists and others outside the field of medicinal chemistry to understand why certain drugs were successfully developed, while the majority of candidate compounds encountered barriers due to low-yielding synthetic routes, toxicity or other problems that led to their abandonment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- 1000 Hilltop Circle, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mary K Yates
- 1000 Hilltop Circle, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Cardoso NNR, Alviano CS, Blank AF, Arrigoni-Blank MDF, Romanos MTV, Cunha MML, da Silva AJR, Alviano DS. Anti-cryptococcal activity of ethanol crude extract and hexane fraction from Ocimum basilicum var. Maria bonita: mechanisms of action and synergism with amphotericin B and Ocimum basilicum essential oil. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1380-1388. [PMID: 28317465 PMCID: PMC6130641 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1302483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) has been used in folk medicine to treat headaches, kidney disorders, and intestinal worms. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the anti-cryptococcal activity of ethanol crude extract and hexane fraction obtained from O. basilicum var. Maria Bonita leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MIC values for Cryptococcus sp. were obtained according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute in a range of 0.3-2500 μg/mL. The checkerboard assay evaluated the association of the substances tested (in a range of 0.099-2500 μg/mL) with amphotericin B and O. basilicum essential oil for 48 h. The ethanol extract, hexane fraction and associations in a range of 0.3-2500 μg/mL were tested for pigmentation inhibition after 7 days of treatment. The inhibition of ergosterol synthesis and reduction of capsule size were evaluated after the treatment with ethanol extract (312 μg/mL), hexane fraction (78 μg/mL) and the combinations of essential oil + ethanol extract (78 μg/mL + 19.5 μg/mL, respectively) and essential oil + hexane fraction (39.36 μg/mL + 10 μg/mL, respectively) for 24 and 48 h, respectively. RESULTS The hexane fraction presented better results than the ethanol extract, with a low MIC (156 μg/mL against C. neoformans T444 and 312 μg/mL against C. neoformans H99 serotype A and C. gattii WM779 serotype C). The combination of the ethanol extract and hexane fraction with amphotericin B and essential oil enhanced their antifungal activity, reducing the concentration of each substance needed to kill 100% of the inoculum. The substances tested were able to reduce the pigmentation, capsule size and ergosterol synthesis, which suggest they have important mechanisms of action. CONCLUSIONS These results provide further support for the use of ethanol extracts of O. basilicum as a potential source of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia N. R. Cardoso
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celuta S. Alviano
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arie F. Blank
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa V. Romanos
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcel M. L. Cunha
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Jorge R. da Silva
- Research Institute of Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela S. Alviano
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Vijayalakshmi P, Thenmozhi S, Rajeswari P. The Evaluation of the virulence factors of clinical Candida isolates and the anti-biofilm activity of Elettaria cardamomum against multi-drug resistant Candida albicans. Curr Med Mycol 2017; 2:8-15. [PMID: 28681014 PMCID: PMC5490299 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.2.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Today, treatment of life-threatening fungal infections, caused by Candida species, has become a major problem. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility patterns of different clinical Candida isolates, determine the virulence factors in multi-drug resistant (MDR) Candida species, and assess the anti-biofilm activity of Elettaria cardamomum against MDR Candida species. Materials and Methods: A total of 202 isolates from different Candida species were obtained from three governmental hospitals in Senthamangalam, Tiruchengode, and Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India. The isolates were identified, using conventional methods. Candida species were tested for virulence factors such as biofilm, protease, and phospholipase activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Elettaria cardamomum against MDR biofilm-forming C. albicans was determined, using plate and tube methods. Results: The identified Candida isolates (n=202) were C. albicans (74/202), C. glabrata (53/202), C. parapsilosis (44/202), C. tropicalis (15/202), and C. dubliniensis (16/202). The isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing and the virulence factors were determined. In terms of biofilm production, non-C. albicans species such as C. dubliniensis showed 75% activity. Also, regarding protease activity, C. parapsilosis (75%) showed the highest percentage of protease production. In addition, Candida species showed strong positivity for phospholipase activity (62.87%). In the MIC method, the acetonic extract completely inhibited biofilm production at a concentration of 125 µl (56.25 µg). In comparison with the ethanolic extract, the acetonic extract showed major activity against biofilm production. Conclusion: Based on the findings, pathogenic C. albicans species were inhibited by the ethanolic and acetonic extracts of E. cardamomum. In recent years, MDR and biofilm-forming pathogenic Candida species have been increasingly detected in clinical settings. Therefore, herbal derivatives might contribute to the treatment of infections without causing any side-effects and prevent the associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vijayalakshmi
- Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia
| | - S Thenmozhi
- Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Rajeswari
- Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Jahanshiri Z, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Asghari-Paskiabi F, Saghiri R, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. α-Bisabolol inhibits Aspergillus fumigatus Af239 growth via affecting microsomal ∆24-sterol methyltransferase as a crucial enzyme in ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Molecular Mechanism of Drug Resistance. DRUG RESISTANCE IN BACTERIA, FUNGI, MALARIA, AND CANCER 2017. [PMCID: PMC7122190 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48683-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of microbial infections has suffered greatly in this present century of pathogen dominance. Inspite of extensive research efforts and scientific advancements, the worldwide emergence of microbial tolerance continues to plague survivability. The innate property of microbe to resist any antibiotic due to evolution is the virtue of intrinsic resistance. However, the classical genetic mutations and extrachromosomal segments causing gene exchange attribute to acquired tolerance development. Rampant use of antimicrobials causes certain selection pressure which increases the resistance frequency. Genomic duplication, enzymatic site modification, target alteration, modulation in membrane permeability, and the efflux pump mechanism are the major contributors of multidrug resistance (MDR), specifically antibiotic tolerance development. MDRs will lead to clinical failures for treatment and pose health crisis. The molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance are diverse as well as complex and still are exploited for new discoveries in order to prevent the surfacing of “superbugs.” Antimicrobial chemotherapy has diminished the threat of infectious diseases to some extent. To avoid the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, the new ones licensed for use have decreased with time. Additionally, in vitro assays and genomics for anti-infectives are novel approaches used in resolving the issues of microbial resistance. Proper use of drugs can keep it under check and minimize the risk of MDR spread.
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22
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Maincent JP, Najvar LK, Kirkpatrick WR, Huang S, Patterson TF, Wiederhold NP, Peters JI, Williams RO. Modified release itraconazole amorphous solid dispersion to treat Aspergillus fumigatus: importance of the animal model selection. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:264-274. [PMID: 27645428 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1236811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, modified release itraconazole in the form of a melt-extruded amorphous solid dispersion based on a pH dependent enteric polymer combined with hydrophilic additives (HME-ITZ), exhibited improved in vitro dissolution properties. These properties agreed with pharmacokinetic results in rats showing high and sustained itraconazole (ITZ) systemic levels. The objective of the present study was to better understand the best choice of rodent model for evaluating the pharmacokinetic and efficacy of this orally administered modified release ITZ dosage form against invasive Aspergillus fumigatus. A mouse model and a guinea pig model were investigated and compared to results previously published. In the mouse model, despite similar levels as previously reported values, plasma and lung levels were variable and fungal burden was not statistically different for placebo controls, HME-ITZ and Sporanox® (ITZ oral solution). This study demonstrated that the mouse model is a poor choice for studying modified release ITZ dosage forms based on pH dependent enteric polymers due to low fluid volume available for dissolution and low intestinal pH. To the contrary, guinea pig was a suitable model to evaluate modified release ITZ dosage forms. Indeed, a significant decrease in lung fungal burden as a result of high and sustained ITZ tissue levels was measured. Sufficiently high intestinal pH and fluids available for dissolution likely facilitated the dissolution process. Despite high ITZ tissue level, the primary therapeutic agent voriconazole exhibited an even more pronounced decrease in fungal burden due to its reported higher clinical efficacy specifically against Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien P Maincent
- a College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Laura K Najvar
- b University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | | | - Siyuan Huang
- a College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | | | | | - Jay I Peters
- b University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- a College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
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23
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Fontes ACL, Bretas Oliveira D, Santos JRA, Carneiro HCS, Ribeiro NDQ, Oliveira LVND, Barcellos VA, Paixão TA, Abrahão JS, Resende-Stoianoff MA, Vainstein MH, Santos DA. A subdose of fluconazole alters the virulence of Cryptococcus gattii during murine cryptococcosis and modulates type I interferon expression. Med Mycol 2016; 55:203-212. [PMID: 27486215 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is an invasive infection caused by yeast-like fungus of the genera Cryptococcus spp. The antifungal therapy for this disease provides some toxicity and the incidence of infections caused by resistant strains increased. Thus, we aimed to assess the consequences of fluconazole subdoses during the treatment of cryptococcosis in the murine inflammatory response and in the virulence factors of Cryptococcus gattii. Mice infected with Cryptococcus gattii were treated with subdoses of fluconazole. We determined the behavior of mice and type 1 interferon expression during the treatment; we also studied the virulence factors and susceptibility to fluconazole for the colonies recovered from the animals. A subdose of fluconazole prolonged the survival of mice, but the morbidity of cryptococcosis was higher in treated animals. These data were linked to the increase in: (i) fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentration, (ii) capsule size and (iii) melanization of C. gattii, which probably led to the increased expression of type I interferons in the brains of mice but not in the lungs. In conclusion, a subdose of fluconazole altered fungal virulence factors and susceptibility to this azole, leading to an altered inflammatory host response and increased morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alide Caroline Lima Fontes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo Bretas Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ribeiro Alves Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Ceuma (UNICEUMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Hellem Cristina Silva Carneiro
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Noelly de Queiroz Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorena Vívien Neves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Abreu Barcellos
- Laboratório de Biologia de fungos de importância médica e biotecnológica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Alves Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Santos Abrahão
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Resende-Stoianoff
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marilene Henning Vainstein
- Laboratório de Biologia de fungos de importância médica e biotecnológica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Synergism Effect of the Essential Oil from Ocimum basilicum var. Maria Bonita and Its Major Components with Fluconazole and Its Influence on Ergosterol Biosynthesis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5647182. [PMID: 27274752 PMCID: PMC4871963 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5647182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the EO and its major components of Ocimum basilicum var. Maria Bonita, a genetically improved cultivar, against the fluconazole sensitive and resistant strains of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Geraniol presented better results than the EO, with a low MIC (76 μg/mL against C. neoformans and 152 μg/mL against both Candida strains). The combination of EO, linalool, or geraniol with fluconazole enhanced their antifungal activity, especially against the resistant strain (MIC reduced to 156, 197, and 38 μg/mL, resp.). The ergosterol assay showed that subinhibitory concentrations of the substances were able to reduce the amount of sterol extracted. The substances tested were able to reduce the capsule size which suggests they have an important mechanism of action. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated cell wall destruction of C. neoformans after treatment with subinhibitory concentrations. In C. albicans ultrastructure alterations such as irregularities in the membrane, presence of vesicles, and cell wall thickening were observed. The biofilm formation was inhibited in both C. albicans strains at MIC and twice MIC. These results provide further support for the use of O. basilicum EO and its major components as a potential source of antifungal agents.
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25
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Urbanova M, Gajdosova M, Steinhart M, Vetchy D, Brus J. Molecular-Level Control of Ciclopirox Olamine Release from Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Mucoadhesive Buccal Films: Exploration of Structure–Property Relationships with Solid-State NMR. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1551-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Urbanova
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Gajdosova
- Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Palacky Street 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Steinhart
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Vetchy
- Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Palacky Street 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brus
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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26
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Salem HF, Kharshoum RM, Abdel Hakim LF, Abdelrahim ME. Edge activators and a polycationic polymer enhance the formulation of porous voriconazole nanoagglomerate for the use as a dry powder inhaler. J Liposome Res 2016; 26:324-35. [PMID: 26872552 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2016.1140182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Voriconazole has both low aqueous solubility and stability. We hypothesize that designing voriconazole in the form of a nano powder inhaler at a geometric diameter within 1-5 μm will enhance its stability and solubility. Therefore, we prepared nanoagglomerates of voriconazole which will collapse in the lungs to reform the nanoparticles. METHOD The nanoparticles were formulated using both stearic acid and sodium deoxycholate as edge activators. Osmogenic polycation polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to form agglomerates of controllable size. RESULTS Voriconazole nanoparticles and agglomerates showed a significant higher cumulative drug release than the pure powder (p < 0.05) with R(2 )=( )0.95. Small-sized particles were formed (353 nm), while their zeta potential was -30.7 mV. The agglomerates were 2.7 μm in size and their zeta potential was -20.9 mV. The formation of porous agglomerates was confirmed using a transmission electron microscope. Cascade impactor was used to evaluate the aerodynamic properties of the nanoparticles and the agglomerates. The aerodynamic characterization of the nanoparticles and the agglomerates resulted in a significant smaller mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) (p < 0.05) and higher fine particle dose (FPD) (p < 0.01), fine particle fraction (FPF) (p < 0.01), and total emitted dose (TED) (p < 0.01) than the pure powder. CONCLUSION The results suggest that using the combination of edge activators and diluted polycationic polymer solution provides porous voriconazole nanoagglomerates in a respirable range, which is proved successful in enhancing both the deposition and the dissolution of water insoluble-drugs in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba F Salem
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy and
| | | | | | - Mohamed E Abdelrahim
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Beni-Suef , Beni-Suef , Egypt
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27
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Past, Present, and Future of Antifungal Drug Development. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Evranos-Aksöz B, Onurdağ FK, Özgacar SÖ. Antibacterial, antifungal and antimycobacterial activities of some pyrazoline, hydrazone and chalcone derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 70:183-9. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2014-4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Twenty-seven previously reported chalcones and their pyrazoline and hydrazone derivatives as well as two further chalcones have been screened for their antimicrobial, antifungal and antimycobacterial activities against standard microbial strains and drug resistant isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of each compound was determined by a two-fold serial microdilution technique. The compounds were found to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities with MIC values of 8–128 μg/mL. One compound [(E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-p-tolylprop-2-en-1-one] had equal activity with gentamycin (8 μg/mL) against Enterococcus faecalis. Chalcones were found to be more active than their hydrazone and 2-pyrazoline derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and E. faecalis ATCC 29212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Evranos-Aksöz
- Analysis and Control Laboratories of General Directorate of Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacy, Ministry of Health of Turkey, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kaynak Onurdağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selda Özgen Özgacar
- Ministry of Health of Turkey, General Directorate of Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacy, 06520 Ankara, Turkey
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Mahajan PS, Nikam MD, Chate AV, Bobade AS, Gill CH. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole Hydrazide Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin S. Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
| | - Mukesh D. Nikam
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
| | - Asha V. Chate
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
| | - Anil S. Bobade
- Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing; Parel Mumbai Maharashtra 400 012 India
| | - Charansingh H. Gill
- Department of Chemistry; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad Maharashtra 431 004 India
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Novel 5-functionalized-pyrazoles: Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3671-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Cornejo-Garrido J, Salinas-Sandoval M, Díaz-López A, Jácquez-Ríos P, Arriaga-Alba M, Ordaz-Pichardo C. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity, liver profile test, and mutagenic activity of five plants used in traditional Mexican medicine. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Harikrishna N, Isloor AM, Ananda K, Obaid A, Fun HK. 1,3,4-Trisubstituted pyrazole bearing a 4-(chromen-2-one) thiazole: synthesis, characterization and its biological studies. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04995d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3-{2-[N′-(1,3-Disubstituted-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-methylene)-hydrazino]-thiazol-4-yl}-chromen-2-one compounds (10a–l) were synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antimicrobial studies against various microorganisms. Most compounds were biologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Harikrishna
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Mangalore 575025
- India
| | - Arun M. Isloor
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Mangalore 575025
- India
| | - K. Ananda
- Biological Sciences
- Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research
- Bangalore 562110
- India
| | - Abdulrahman Obaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoong-Kun Fun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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33
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Green synthesis of novel quinoline based imidazole derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Tupe S, Kulkarni R, Shirazi F, Sant D, Joshi S, Deshpande M. Possible mechanism of antifungal phenazine-1-carboxamide from Pseudomonas
sp. against dimorphic fungi Benjaminiella poitrasii
and human pathogen Candida albicans. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:39-48. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S.G. Tupe
- Biochemical Sciences Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - R.R. Kulkarni
- Organic Chemistry Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - F. Shirazi
- Biochemical Sciences Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - D.G. Sant
- Biochemical Sciences Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - S.P. Joshi
- Organic Chemistry Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - M.V. Deshpande
- Biochemical Sciences Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
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35
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Schaffrath R, Abdel-Fattah W, Klassen R, Stark MJR. The diphthamide modification pathway from Saccharomyces cerevisiae--revisited. Mol Microbiol 2014; 94:1213-26. [PMID: 25352115 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diphthamide is a conserved modification in archaeal and eukaryal translation elongation factor 2 (EF2). Its name refers to the target function for diphtheria toxin, the disease-causing agent that, through ADP ribosylation of diphthamide, causes irreversible inactivation of EF2 and cell death. Although this clearly emphasizes a pathobiological role for diphthamide, its physiological function is unclear, and precisely why cells need EF2 to contain diphthamide is hardly understood. Nonetheless, the conservation of diphthamide biosynthesis together with syndromes (i.e. ribosomal frame-shifting, embryonic lethality, neurodegeneration and cancer) typical of mutant cells that cannot make it strongly suggests that diphthamide-modified EF2 occupies an important and translation-related role in cell proliferation and development. Whether this is structural and/or regulatory remains to be seen. However, recent progress in dissecting the diphthamide gene network (DPH1-DPH7) from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms required to initiate and complete diphthamide synthesis on EF2. Here, we review recent developments in the field that not only have provided novel, previously overlooked and unexpected insights into the pathway and the biochemical players required for diphthamide synthesis but also are likely to foster innovative studies into the potential regulation of diphthamide, and importantly, its ill-defined biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Schaffrath
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK; Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, 34132, Kassel, Germany
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36
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Talpaert MJ, Balfour A, Stevens S, Baker M, Muhlschlegel FA, Gourlay CW. Candida biofilm formation on voice prostheses. J Med Microbiol 2014; 64:199-208. [PMID: 25106862 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.078717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngopharyngeal malignancy is treated with radiotherapy and/or surgery. When total laryngectomy is required, major laryngeal functions (phonation, airway control, swallowing and coughing) are affected. The insertion of a silicone rubber voice prosthesis in a surgically created tracheoesophageal puncture is the most effective method for voice rehabilitation. Silicone, as is the case with other synthetic materials such as polymethylmethacrylate, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polystyrene, has the propensity to become rapidly colonized by micro-organisms (mainly Candida albicans) forming a biofilm, which leads to the failure of the devices. Silicone is used within voice prosthetic devices because of its flexible properties, which are essential for valve function. Valve failure, as well as compromising speech, may result in aspiration pneumonia, and repeated valve replacement may lead to either tract stenosis or insufficiency. Prevention and control of biofilm formation are therefore crucial for the lifespan of the prosthesis and promotion of tracheoesophageal tissue and lung health. To date, the mechanisms of biofilm formation on voice prostheses are not fully understood. Further studies are therefore required to identify factors influencing Candida biofilm formation. This review describes the factors known to influence biofilm formation on voice prostheses and current strategies employed to prolong their life by interfering with microbial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira J Talpaert
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Alistair Balfour
- Ear, Nose and Throat Services, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, The William Harvey Hospital, Kennington Road, Ashford TN24 0LZ, UK
| | - Sarah Stevens
- Macmillan Speech and Language Therapy Services, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Ethelbert Road, Canterbury CT1 3NG, UK
| | - Mark Baker
- Clinical Microbiology Service, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, The William Harvey Hospital, Kennington Road, Ashford TN24 0LZ, UK
| | - Fritz A Muhlschlegel
- Clinical Microbiology Service, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, The William Harvey Hospital, Kennington Road, Ashford TN24 0LZ, UK
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Campbell W Gourlay
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
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37
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Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and molecular docking properties of N-benzyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-014-0307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Banerjee D, Burkard L, Panepinto JC. Inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis potentiates the antifungal activity of amphotericin B. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87246. [PMID: 24498052 PMCID: PMC3907572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyene antifungal agent Amphotericin B exhibits potent and broad spectrum fungicidal activity. However, high nephrotoxicity can hinder its administration in resource poor settings. Quantification of early fungicidal activity in studies of HIV patients with cryptococcosis demonstrate that 5-Fluorocytosine therapy in combination with Amphotericin B results in faster clearance than with Amphotericin B alone. In vitro synergy between the two drugs has also been reported but the mechanism by which 5-Fluorocytosine synergizes with Amphotericin B has not been delineated. In this study we set out to investigate the effect of genetic mutation or pharmacologic repression of de novo pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis pathways on the Amphotericin B susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans. We demonstrate that a ura- derivative of wild type Cryptococcus neoformans strain H99 is hypersensitive to Amphotericin B. This sensitivity is remediated by re-introduction of a wild type URA5 gene, but not by addition of exogenous uracil to supplement the auxotrophy. Repression of guanine biosynthesis by treatment with the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, mycophenolic acid, was synergistic with Amphotericin B as determined by checkerboard analysis. As in Cryptococcus neoformans, a ura− derivative of Candida albicans was also hypersensitive to Amphotericin B, and treatment of Candida albicans with mycophenolic acid was likewise synergistic with Amphotericin B. In contrast, neither mycophenolic acid nor 5-FC had an effect on the Amphotericin B susceptibility of Aspergillus fumigatus. These studies suggest that pharmacological targeting of nucleotide biosynthesis pathways has potential to lower the effective dose of Amphotericin B for both C. neoformans and C. albicans. Given the requirement of nucleotide and nucleotide sugars for growth and pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans, disrupting nucleotide metabolic pathways might thus be an effective mechanism for the development of novel antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dithi Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren Burkard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - John C. Panepinto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Phalgune UD, Vanka K, Rajamohanan PR. GIAO/DFT studies on 1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones and their propargyl derivatives. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2013; 51:767-774. [PMID: 24114881 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT)/Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) and gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) calculations were performed on a number of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, and the optimized structural parameters were employed to ascertain the nature of their predominant tautomers. (13)C and (15)N NMR chemical shifts of 3-substituted 1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones and their propargylated derivatives were calculated via GIAO/DFT approach at the B3LYP level of theory with geometry optimization using a 6-311++G** basis set. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental (13)C and (15)N NMR chemical shifts could be found for the systems investigated. The data generated were useful in predicting (15)N chemical shifts of all the nitrogen atoms of the triazole ring, some of which could not be obtained in solution state (15)N HMBC/HSQC NMR measurements. The energy profile computed for the dipropargylated derivatives was found to follow the product distribution profile of regioisomers formed during propargylation of 1,2,4-triazole thiones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha D Phalgune
- Central NMR Facility, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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40
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Ningaiah S, Bhadraiah UK, Doddaramappa SD, Keshavamurthy S, Javarasetty C. Novel pyrazole integrated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:245-8. [PMID: 24316123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-(5-methyl-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 7(a-m) were synthesized either by cyclization of N'-benzoyl-5-methyl-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbohydrazide 4a using POCl3 at 120°C or by oxidative cyclization of hydrazones derived from various arylaldehyde and (E)-N'-benzylidene-5-methyl-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbohydrazide 5(a-d) using chloramine-T as oxidant. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral (IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and LC-MS) methods. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and were compared with standard drugs. The compounds demonstrated potent to weak antimicrobial activity. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 7m emerged as an effective antimicrobial agent, while compounds 7d, 7f, 7i and 7l showed good to moderate activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the compounds was in the range of 20-50μgmL(-1) against bacteria and 25-55μgmL(-1) against fungi. The title compounds represent a novel class of potent antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umesha K Bhadraiah
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 005, India.
| | | | | | - Chethan Javarasetty
- Department of Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, India
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41
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Bhagyasree JB, Samuel J, Varghese HT, Panicker CY, Arisoy M, Temiz-Arpaci O. Synthesis, FT-IR investigation and computational study of 5-[(4-Bromophenyl)acetamido]-2-(4-tert-butylphenyl) benzoxazole. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 115:79-91. [PMID: 23831982 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antimicrobial properties of 5-[(4-Bromophenyl)acetamido]-2-(4-tertbutylphenyl) benzoxazole are reported in the present work. The optimized molecular structure, (1)H NMR, vibrational frequencies, corresponding vibrational assignments of 5-[(4-Bromophenyl)acetamido]-2-(4-tert-butylphenyl) benzoxazole have been investigated experimentally and theoretically using Gaussian09 software package. Potential energy distribution of the normal modes of vibrations was done using GAR2PED program. The HOMO and LUMO analysis is used to determine the charge transfer within the molecule. The stability of the molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interaction and charge delocalization has been analyzed using NBO analysis. MEP was performed by the SDD method and the predicted infrared intensities have also been reported. The calculated geometrical parameters are in agreement with that of similar derivates. The first hyperpolarizability is high and the title compound is suitable for further NLO studies. Microbiological results indicated that the title compound possessed a broad spectrum activity against the tested Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Bhagyasree
- Deparatment of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Trivnadrum, Kerala, India
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42
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Dietz AJ, Barnard JC, van Rossem K. A randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, placebo-controlled, dose escalation study with a 3-cohort parallel group design to investigate the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of albaconazole in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2013; 3:25-33. [DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Singh D, Fatma S, Ankit P, Mishra P, Singh S, Singh SB, Singh J. Microwave-Induced Solvent-Free Synthesis and Antifungal Screening of Novel Spiro Heterocyclic Systems Containing 3,5-Diphenyl-7H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine and Indolin-2-one. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.769604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- a Environmentally Benign Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
| | - Shahin Fatma
- a Environmentally Benign Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
| | - Preyas Ankit
- a Environmentally Benign Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
| | - Priya Mishra
- a Environmentally Benign Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
| | - Sarita Singh
- a Environmentally Benign Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
| | - Shyam Babu Singh
- a Environmentally Benign Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
| | - Jagdamba Singh
- a Environmentally Benign Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Allahabad , Allahabad , India
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Evaluation of (4-aminobutyloxy)quinolines as a novel class of antifungal agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4641-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Ningaiah S, Bhadraiah UK, Keshavamurthy S, Javarasetty C. Novel pyrazoline amidoxime and their 1,2,4-oxadiazole analogues: synthesis and pharmacological screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4532-9. [PMID: 23850201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of pyrazoline amidoxime (2a-d) and pyrazoly-1,2,4-oxadiazole (3a-p) and (4) of pharmacological significance have been synthesised. Structures of newly synthesised compounds were characterized by spectral studies. New compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 2a, 3l and 3o were found to be active antimicrobial agents in addition to having potent antioxidant activity, while the compound 3f showed promising antiinflammatory activity in comparison with standard drug.
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46
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Temiz-Arpaci O, Eylem Cifcioglu Goztepe B, Kaynak-Onurdag F, Ozgen S, Senol FS, Erdogan Orhan I. Synthesis and different biological activities of novel benzoxazoles. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2013; 64:249-61. [PMID: 23739892 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.64.2013.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-[4-(4-substitutedbenzamido/phenylacetamido/butanamido)phenyl]-5-ethylsulphonyl-benzoxazole derivatives were synthesized and biologically evaluated as possible antimicrobial agents and inhibitors of tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The results demonstrated that the synthesized compounds exhibited a broad spectrum of activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 128-16 μg/ml against some Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria as well as Candida albicans and C. krusei. The compound 10 displayed higher activity in this series against methicilline resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a MIC value of 16 μg/ml than the compared control drugs ampicillin and ceftriaxone. Compound 14 showed moderate tyrosinase inhibition, however, none of the compounds showed effect as inhibitor of AChE and BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Temiz-Arpaci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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van Rossem K, Lowe JA. A Phase 1, randomized, open-label crossover study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of 400 mg albaconazole administered to healthy participants as a tablet formulation versus a capsule formulation. Clin Pharmacol 2013; 5:23-31. [PMID: 23390369 PMCID: PMC3564460 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s39600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Albaconazole is a novel triazole being developed for the oral treatment of fungal diseases. Once-weekly oral dosing with 400 mg albaconazole for 24 or 36 weeks resulted in high rates of clinical and mycological resolution for distal subungual onychomycosis, as well as a favorable safety and tolerability profile. Purpose To compare four 100-mg albaconazole capsules to one 400-mg albaconazole tablet for bioavailability, bioequivalence, tolerability, and safety. Patients and methods Forty participants were enrolled in this Phase I, open-label, two-sequence crossover study. Twenty participants were exposed to a single 400-mg tablet dose of albaconazole before being crossed over to a single dose of four 100-mg albaconazole capsules. The second group of 20 participants received the study products in reverse order. Blood samples were taken over 15 days post-dose to assess the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of albaconazole and its primary metabolite, 6-hydroxyalbaconazole. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Results The area under the curve (AUC) and maximum measured plasma concentration (Cmax) of the albaconazole tablet were approximately 10% and 22% lower, respectively, than for the albaconazole capsules. Statistical significance was reached for the Cmax but not for the AUC measurements (AUC0-t and AUC0-inf). Because the 90% confidence intervals based on the differences between the tablet and capsule were outside the 80%–125% range for both the Cmax and AUC, we concluded that the formulations were not bioequivalent with respect to the rate or extent of absorption. Both formulations were safe and well-tolerated in this study. All adverse events (AEs) were generally mild and were mainly gastrointestinal- or nervous system-related (eg, dizziness, headache). No electrocardiogram findings were reported as an AE, and no serious AEs or deaths were reported. Conclusion The AUC and Cmax of albaconazole after a single 400-mg oral dose administered as a tablet formulation were lower than those of a capsule formulation. Albaconazole tablets and capsules cannot, therefore, be considered bioequivalent.
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Boubetra D, Sabaou N, Zitouni A, Bijani C, Lebrihi A, Mathieu F. Taxonomy and chemical characterization of new antibiotics produced by Saccharothrix SA198 isolated from a Saharan soil. Microbiol Res 2012; 168:223-30. [PMID: 23245872 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycete strain SA198, isolated from a Saharan soil sample of Algeria, exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and phytopathogenic and toxinogenic fungi. The morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of the genus Saccharothrix. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SA198 showed a similarity level ranging between 97.2 and 98.8% within Saccharothrix species, S. australiensis being the most closely related. Two new active products were isolated by reverse HPLC using a C18 column. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS), infrared (IR), mass, and (1)H and (14)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra showed that these products were new bioactive compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics showed a strong activity against fungi and moderate activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Boubetra
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger, Algeria
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49
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Kathiravan MK, Salake AB, Chothe AS, Dudhe PB, Watode RP, Mukta MS, Gadhwe S. The biology and chemistry of antifungal agents: A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5678-98. [PMID: 22902032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthu K Kathiravan
- Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vadgaon(Bk), Pune 410041, India.
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50
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da Silva CM, da Silva DL, Martins CVB, de Resende MA, Dias ES, Magalhães TFF, Rodrigues LP, Sabino AA, Alves RB, de Fátima Â. Synthesis of Aryl Aldimines and Their Activity against Fungi of Clinical Interest. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:810-5. [PMID: 21756287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton M da Silva
- Grupo de Estudos em Química Orgânica e Biológica (GEQOB), Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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