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Coles VE, Puri L, Bhandari M, Wood TJ, Burrows LL. The effects of chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, and vancomycin on growth and biofilms of pathogens that cause prosthetic joint infections: an in vitro model. J Hosp Infect 2024:S0195-6701(24)00230-5. [PMID: 38992843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and povidone-iodine (PI) are commonly used to prevent prosthetic joint infection (PJI) during total joint replacement; however, their effective concentrations and impact on biofilms are not well defined. AIM To determine: (1) the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration of CHG and PI against model PJI-causing organisms and clinical isolates; (2) their impact on biofilm formation; (3) if there is a synergistic benefit to combining the two solutions; and (4) if adding the antibiotic vancomycin impacts antiseptic activity. METHODS We measured in vitro growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, as well as recent clinical isolates, in the presence of increasing concentrations of CHG and/or PI. Checkerboard assays were used to measure potential synergy of the solutions together and with vancomycin. FINDINGS CHG and PI inhibited growth and biofilm formation of all model organisms tested at concentrations of 0.0004% and 0.33% or lower, respectively; highly dilute concentrations paradoxically increased biofilm formation. The solutions did not synergize with one another and acted independently of vancomycin. CONCLUSION CHG and PI are effective at lower concentrations than typically used, establishing baselines to support further clinical trials aimed at optimizing wound disinfection. There is no synergistic advantage to using both in combination. Vancomycin is effective at inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis and S. aureus; however, it stimulates P. aeruginosa biofilm production, suggesting in the rare case of P. aeruginosa PJI, it could exacerbate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Coles
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Laura Puri
- Hamilton Arthroplasty Group, Hamilton Health Sciences Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Thomas J Wood
- Hamilton Arthroplasty Group, Hamilton Health Sciences Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lori L Burrows
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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2
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Ul Haq I, Maryam S, Shyntum DY, Khan TA, Li F. Exploring the frontiers of therapeutic breadth of antifungal peptides: A new avenue in antifungal drugs. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 51:kuae018. [PMID: 38710584 PMCID: PMC11119867 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of fungal infections alongside rising resistance to antifungal drugs poses a significant challenge to public health safety. At the close of the 2000s, major pharmaceutical firms began to scale back on antimicrobial research due to repeated setbacks and diminished economic gains, leaving only smaller companies and research labs to pursue new antifungal solutions. Among various natural sources explored for novel antifungal compounds, antifungal peptides (AFPs) emerge as particularly promising. Despite their potential, AFPs receive less focus than their antibacterial counterparts. These peptides have been sourced extensively from nature, including plants, animals, insects, and especially bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, with advancements in recombinant biotechnology and computational biology, AFPs can also be synthesized in lab settings, facilitating peptide production. AFPs are noted for their wide-ranging efficacy, in vitro and in vivo safety, and ability to combat biofilms. They are distinguished by their high specificity, minimal toxicity to cells, and reduced likelihood of resistance development. This review aims to comprehensively cover AFPs, including their sources-both natural and synthetic-their antifungal and biofilm-fighting capabilities in laboratory and real-world settings, their action mechanisms, and the current status of AFP research. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY This comprehensive review of AFPs will be helpful for further research in antifungal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Tecnológica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Sajida Maryam
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Divine Y Shyntum
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Taj A Khan
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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3
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Aamra H, Khan FA, Jahan H, Zafar M, Ali H, Shaheen F. Synthesis of novel benzimidazole containing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with significant inhibitory effect on multidrug resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1986841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Husena Aamra
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Third World Center (TWC) of Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humera Jahan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Munira Zafar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hunain Ali
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Shaheen
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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4
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He S, Stone TA, Deber CM. Uncoupling Amphipathicity and Hydrophobicity: Role of Charge Clustering in Membrane Interactions of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2586-2592. [PMID: 34423969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptides with a combination of high positive charge and high hydrophobicity have high antimicrobial activity, as epitomized by peptide venoms, which are designed by nature as disruptors of host membranes yet also display significant efficacy against pathogens. To investigate this phenomenon systematically, here we focus on ponericin W1, a peptide venom isolated from Pachycondyla goeldii ants (WLGSALKIGAKLLPSVVGLFKKKKQ) to examine whether Lys positioning can be broadly applied to optimize the functional range of existing natural sequences. We prepared sets of ponericin W1 analogues, where Lys residues were either distributed in an amphipathic manner throughout the sequence (PonAmp), clustered at the N-terminus (PonN), or clustered at the C-terminus (PonC), along with their counterparts of reduced hydrophobicity through 2-4 Leu-to-Ala replacements. We found that wild-type ponericin W1 and all three variants displayed toxicity against human erythrocytes, but hemolysis was eliminated by the replacement of two or more Leu residues by Ala residues. As well, peptides containing up to 3 Leu-to-Ala replacements retained antimicrobial activity against E. coli bacteria. Biophysical analyses of peptide-membrane interaction patterns by circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed a novel mode of cluster-dependent peptide positioning vis-à-vis the water-membrane interface, where PonAmp and PonC peptides displayed full or partial helical structures, while PonN peptides were unstructured, likely due, in part, to dynamic interchange between aqueous and membrane surface environments. The overall findings suggest that the lower membrane penetration of N-terminal charge-clustered constructs coupled with moderate sequence hydrophobicity may be advantageous for conferring enhanced target selectivity for bacterial versus mammalian membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley He
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tracy A Stone
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Charles M Deber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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5
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Sarkar T, Chetia M, Chatterjee S. Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins: From Nature's Reservoir to the Laboratory and Beyond. Front Chem 2021; 9:691532. [PMID: 34222199 PMCID: PMC8249576 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance against conventional antimicrobials, resurgence of multidrug resistant microbes and the slowdown in the development of new classes of antimicrobials, necessitates the urgent development of alternate classes of therapeutic molecules. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small proteins present in different lifeforms in nature that provide defense against microbial infections. They have been effective components of the host defense system for a very long time. The fact that the development of resistance by the microbes against the AMPs is relatively slower or delayed compared to that against the conventional antibiotics, makes them prospective alternative therapeutics of the future. Several thousands of AMPs have been isolated from various natural sources like microorganisms, plants, insects, crustaceans, animals, humans, etc. to date. However, only a few of them have been translated commercially to the market so far. This is because of some inherent drawbacks of the naturally obtained AMPs like 1) short half-life owing to the susceptibility to protease degradation, 2) inactivity at physiological salt concentrations, 3) cytotoxicity to host cells, 4) lack of appropriate strategies for sustained and targeted delivery of the AMPs. This has led to a surge of interest in the development of synthetic AMPs which would retain or improve the antimicrobial potency along with circumventing the disadvantages of the natural analogs. The development of synthetic AMPs is inspired by natural designs and sequences and strengthened by the fusion with various synthetic elements. Generation of the synthetic designs are based on various strategies like sequence truncation, mutation, cyclization and introduction of unnatural amino acids and synthons. In this review, we have described some of the AMPs isolated from the vast repertoire of natural sources, and subsequently described the various synthetic designs that have been developed based on the templates of natural AMPs or from de novo design to make commercially viable therapeutics of the future. This review entails the journey of the AMPs from their natural sources to the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunanda Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
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6
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Rao H, Choo S, Rajeswari Mahalingam SR, Adisuri DS, Madhavan P, Md. Akim A, Chong PP. Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies. Molecules 2021; 26:1870. [PMID: 33810292 PMCID: PMC8036581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulation of drug efflux pumps, (6) point mutation and overexpression of resistance genes, and (7) presence of persister cells. The genes involved and their implications in antimicrobial resistance are well defined for bacterial biofilms but are understudied in fungal biofilms. Potential therapeutics for biofilm mitigation that have been reported include (1) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, (2) antimicrobial lock therapy, (3) antimicrobial peptides, (4) electrical methods, and (5) antimicrobial coatings. These approaches exhibit promising characteristics for addressing the impending crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, advances in the micro- and nanotechnology field have propelled the development of novel biomaterials and approaches to combat biofilms either independently, in combination or as antimicrobial delivery systems. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of clinically important microbial biofilm formation with a focus on fungal biofilms. We will delve into the details of some novel micro- and nanotechnology approaches that have been developed to combat biofilms and the possibility of utilizing them in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinash Rao
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (H.R.); (D.S.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Sulin Choo
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | | | - Diajeng Sekar Adisuri
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (H.R.); (D.S.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (H.R.); (D.S.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Abdah Md. Akim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
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7
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Fernández de Ullivarri M, Arbulu S, Garcia-Gutierrez E, Cotter PD. Antifungal Peptides as Therapeutic Agents. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:105. [PMID: 32257965 PMCID: PMC7089922 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi have been used since ancient times in food and beverage-making processes and, more recently, have been harnessed for the production of antibiotics and in processes of relevance to the bioeconomy. Moreover, they are starting to gain attention as a key component of the human microbiome. However, fungi are also responsible for human infections. The incidence of community-acquired and nosocomial fungal infections has increased considerably in recent decades. Antibiotic resistance development, the increasing number of immunodeficiency- and/or immunosuppression-related diseases and limited therapeutic options available are triggering the search for novel alternatives. These new antifungals should be less toxic for the host, with targeted or broader antimicrobial spectra (for diseases of known and unknown etiology, respectively) and modes of actions that limit the potential for the emergence of resistance among pathogenic fungi. Given these criteria, antimicrobial peptides with antifungal properties, i.e., antifungal peptides (AFPs), have emerged as powerful candidates due to their efficacy and high selectivity. In this review, we provide an overview of the bioactivity and classification of AFPs (natural and synthetic) as well as their mode of action and advantages over current antifungal drugs. Additionally, natural, heterologous and synthetic production of AFPs with a view to greater levels of exploitation is discussed. Finally, we evaluate the current and potential applications of these peptides, along with the future challenges relating to antifungal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández de Ullivarri
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Sara Arbulu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland.,Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
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8
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Oshiro KGN, Rodrigues G, Monges BED, Cardoso MH, Franco OL. Bioactive Peptides Against Fungal Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2169. [PMID: 31681179 PMCID: PMC6797862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by invasive fungal biofilms have been widely associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to the advent of antibiotic resistance. Moreover, fungal biofilms impose an additional challenge, leading to multidrug resistance. This fact, along with the contamination of medical devices and the limited number of effective antifungal agents available on the market, demonstrates the importance of finding novel drug candidates targeting pathogenic fungal cells and biofilms. In this context, an alternative strategy is the use of antifungal peptides (AFPs) against fungal biofilms. AFPs are considered a group of bioactive molecules with broad-spectrum activities and multiple mechanisms of action that have been widely used as template molecules for drug design strategies aiming at greater specificity and biological efficacy. Among the AFP classes most studied in the context of fungal biofilms, defensins, cathelicidins and histatins have been described. AFPs can also act by preventing the formation of fungal biofilms and eradicating preformed biofilms through mechanisms associated with cell wall perturbation, inhibition of planktonic fungal cells’ adhesion onto surfaces, gene regulation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, considering the critical scenario imposed by fungal biofilms and associated infections and the application of AFPs as a possible treatment, this review will focus on the most effective AFPs described to date, with a core focus on antibiofilm peptides, as well as their efficacy in vivo, application on surfaces and proposed mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G N Oshiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gisele Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bruna Estéfani D Monges
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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9
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Thery T, Lynch KM, Arendt EK. Natural Antifungal Peptides/Proteins as Model for Novel Food Preservatives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1327-1360. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Thery
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniv. College Cork Ireland
| | - Kieran M. Lynch
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniv. College Cork Ireland
| | - Elke K. Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniv. College Cork Ireland
- Microbiome IrelandUniv. College Cork Ireland
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10
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Madanchi H, Khalaj V, Jang S, Shabani AA, Ebrahimi Kiasari R, Seyed Mousavi SJ, Kazemi Sealani S, Sardari S. AurH1: a new heptapeptide derived from Aurein1.2 antimicrobial peptide with specific and exclusive fungicidal activity. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3175. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Madanchi
- Department and Center for Biotechnology ResearchSemnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Soojin Jang
- Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Department of Discovery BiologyInstitut Pasteur Korea Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Akbar Shabani
- Department and Center for Biotechnology ResearchSemnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | | | | | | | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
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11
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Stone TA, Cole GB, Ravamehr-Lake D, Nguyen HQ, Khan F, Sharpe S, Deber CM. Positive Charge Patterning and Hydrophobicity of Membrane-Active Antimicrobial Peptides as Determinants of Activity, Toxicity, and Pharmacokinetic Stability. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6276-6286. [PMID: 31194548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural α-helical cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAP) sequences are predominantly amphipathic, with only ca. 2% containing four or more consecutive positively charged amino acids (Lys/Arg). We have designed synthetic CAPs that deviate from these natural sequences, as typified by the charge-clustered peptide KKKKKKAAFAAWAAFAA-NH2, (termed 6K-F17), which displays high antimicrobial activity with no toxicity to mammalian cells. We created a series of peptides varying in charge patterning, increasing the amphipathic character of 6K-F17 to mimic the design of natural CAPs (e.g., KAAKKFAKAWAKAFAA-NH2). Amphipathic sequences displayed increased antimicrobial activity against bacteria but were significantly more toxic to mammalian cells and more susceptible to protease degradation than their corresponding charge-clustered variants, suggesting that amphipathic sequences may be desirable in nature to allow for more versatile functions (i.e., antibacterial, antifungal, antipredator) and rapid clearance from vulnerable host cells. Our approach to clustering of charges may therefore allow for specialization against bacteria, in concert with prolonged peptide half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Stone
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , M5S 1A8 Ontario , Canada
| | - Gregory B Cole
- Division of Molecular Medicine , Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto M5G 0A4 Ontario , Canada
| | - Dorna Ravamehr-Lake
- Division of Molecular Medicine , Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto M5G 0A4 Ontario , Canada
| | - Huong Q Nguyen
- Division of Molecular Medicine , Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto M5G 0A4 Ontario , Canada
| | - Farheen Khan
- Division of Molecular Medicine , Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto M5G 0A4 Ontario , Canada
| | - Simon Sharpe
- Division of Molecular Medicine , Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto M5G 0A4 Ontario , Canada
| | - Charles M Deber
- Division of Molecular Medicine , Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto M5G 0A4 Ontario , Canada
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12
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CGA-N9, an antimicrobial peptide derived from chromogranin A: direct cell penetration of and endocytosis by Candida tropicalis. Biochem J 2019; 476:483-497. [PMID: 30610128 PMCID: PMC6362824 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CGA-N9 is a peptide derived from the N-terminus of human chromogranin A comprising amino acids 47–55. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays showed that CGA-N9 had antimicrobial activity and exhibited time-dependent inhibition activity against Candida tropicalis, with high safety in human red blood cells (HRBCs) and mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3). According to the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, CGA-N9 accumulated in cells without destroying the integrity of the cell membrane; the peptide was initially localized to the cell membrane and subsequently internalized into the cytosol. An investigation of the cellular internalization mechanism revealed that most CGA-N9 molecules entered the yeast cells, even at 4°C and in the presence of sodium azide (NaN3), both of which block all energy-dependent transport mechanisms. In addition, peptide internalization was affected by the endocytic inhibitors 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA), cytochalasin D (CyD) and heparin; chlorpromazine (CPZ) also had some effect on CGA-N9 internalization. Similar results were obtained in the MIC assays, whereby the anticandidal activity of CGA-N9 was blocked to different degrees in the presence of EIPA, CyD, heparin or CPZ. Therefore, most CGA-N9 passes through the C. tropicalis cell membrane via direct cell penetration, whereas the remainder enters through macropinocytosis and sulfate proteoglycan-mediated endocytosis, with a slight contribution from clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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13
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Labrière C, Kondori N, Caous JS, Boomgaren M, Sandholm K, Ekdahl KN, Hansen JH, Svenson J. Development and evaluation of cationic amphiphilic antimicrobial 2,5-diketopiperazines. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3090. [PMID: 29845683 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Labrière
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nahid Kondori
- Department of Infectious diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefin Seth Caous
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - Marc Boomgaren
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kerstin Sandholm
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kristina N Ekdahl
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory C5:3, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jørn H Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Chemistry and Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
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Moustafa G, Khalaf H, Naglah A, Al-Wasidi A, Al-Jafshar N, Awad H. The Synthesis of Molecular Docking Studies, In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities of Novel Dipeptide Derivatives Based on N-(2-(2-Hydrazinyl-2-oxoethylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-nicotinamide. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040761. [PMID: 29584635 PMCID: PMC6017860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of linear dipeptide derivatives (4–10) were prepared and evaluated as antimicrobial agents via the synthesis of N-(2-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethylamino)-2-oxoethyl) nicotinamide (4). Compound 4 was reacted with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, to give the hydrazones 5 and 6, respectively. On the other hand, Compound 4 was coupled with phenylisocyanate or methylisothiocyanate to give Compounds 7 and 8, respectively. The latter compounds (7 and 8) were coupled with chloroacetic acid to give oxazolidine (9) and thiazolidine (10), respectively. The newly synthesized dipeptide compounds were confirmed by means of their spectral data. The antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized compounds 4–10 was evaluated by agar well diffusion, and they showed good activity. Compounds 4, 5, and 9 gave the most promising activity in this study. Most of the tested compounds possessed MIC values ranging from 50 to 500 µg/mL. Furthermore, docking studies were carried out on enoyl reductase from E. coli and cytochrome P450 14 α-sterol demethylase (Cyp51) from Candida albicans active sites. The MolDock scores of the seven tested compounds ranged between −117 and −171 and between −107 and −179, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber Moustafa
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hemat Khalaf
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts-Qurayat, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia.
- Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Naglah
- Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asma Al-Wasidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nawal Al-Jafshar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan Awad
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Div., National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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15
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Liu Z, Zhu M, Chen X, Yang G, Yang T, Yu L, Hui L, Wang X. Expression and antibacterial activity of hybrid antimicrobial peptide cecropinA-thanatin in Pichia pastoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.flm.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Bondaryk M, Staniszewska M, Zielińska P, Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Z. Natural Antimicrobial Peptides as Inspiration for Design of a New Generation Antifungal Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E46. [PMID: 29371563 PMCID: PMC5715947 DOI: 10.3390/jof3030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates, despite appropriate antifungal therapy. Limited therapeutic options, resistance development and the high mortality of invasive fungal infections brought about more concern triggering the search for new compounds capable of interfering with fungal viability and virulence. In this context, peptides gained attention as promising candidates for the antimycotics development. Variety of structural and functional characteristics identified for various natural antifungal peptides makes them excellent starting points for design novel drug candidates. Current review provides a brief overview of natural and synthetic antifungal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Bondaryk
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paulina Zielińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Mai S, Mauger MT, Niu LN, Barnes JB, Kao S, Bergeron BE, Ling JQ, Tay FR. Potential applications of antimicrobial peptides and their mimics in combating caries and pulpal infections. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:16-35. [PMID: 27845274 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic host-defense molecules that provide the early stage of protection against invading microbes. They also have important modulatory roles and act as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. The types and functions of oral AMPs were reviewed and experimental reports on the use of natural AMPs and their synthetic mimics in caries and pulpal infections were discussed. Natural AMPs in the oral cavity, predominantly defensins, cathelicidins and histatins, possess antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and biofilms. Incomplete debridement of microorganisms in root canal space may precipitate an exacerbated immune response that results in periradicular bone resorption. Because of their immunomodulatory and wound healing potentials, AMPs stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recruit host defense cells and regulate immuno-inflammatory responses in the vicinity of the pulp and periapex. Recent rapid advances in the development of synthetic AMP mimics offer exciting opportunities for new therapeutic initiatives in root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections continues to be one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Despite the presence of commercialization hurdles and scientific challenges, interests in using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants to combat pathogenic biofilms have never been foreshortened. Not only do these cationic peptides possess rapid killing ability, their multi-modal mechanisms of action render them advantageous in targeting different biofilm sub-populations. These factors, together with adjunctive bioactive functions such as immunomodulation and wound healing enhancement, render AMPs or their synthetic mimics exciting candidates to be considered as adjuncts in the treatment of caries, infected pulps and root canals.
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18
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Mechanism of antifungal activity of antimicrobial peptide APP, a cell-penetrating peptide derivative, against Candida albicans: intracellular DNA binding and cell cycle arrest. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:3245-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Lashine ESM, Haikal AF, Kul MEA, Nasrallah LA, Naglah AM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity for some Novel Oxpholipin-11D Analogues. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.705.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Costa FG, Neto BRDS, Gonçalves RL, da Silva RA, de Oliveira CMA, Kato L, Freitas CDS, Giannini MJSM, da Silva JDF, Soares CMDA, Pereira M. Alkaloids as inhibitors of malate synthase from Paracoccidioides spp.: receptor-ligand interaction-based virtual screening and molecular docking studies, antifungal activity, and the adhesion process. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5581-94. [PMID: 26124176 PMCID: PMC4538557 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04711-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis. Malate synthase plays a crucial role in the pathogenicity and virulence of various fungi, such as those that are human pathogens. Thus, an inhibitor of this enzyme may be used as a powerful antifungal without side effects in patients once these enzymes are absent in humans. Here, we searched for compounds with inhibitory capacity against the malate synthase of Paracoccidioides species (PbMLS). The three-dimensional (3D) structure of PbMLS was determined using the I-TASSER server. Compounds were selected from the ZINC database. Based on the mechanism underlying the interaction of the compounds with PbMLS, it was possible to identify β-carboline moiety as a standard key structure. The compounds with β-carboline moiety that are available in our laboratories were investigated. A total of nine alkaloid compounds were selected. The primary mechanisms of interaction of the alkaloid compounds in the binding pocket of PbMLS were identified and compared with the mechanism of interaction of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). We discovered that the amphipathic nature of the compounds, concomitant with the presence of β-carboline moiety, was crucial for their stability in the binding pocket of PbMLS. In addition, the importance of a critical balance of the polar and nonpolar contacts of the compounds in this region was observed. Four β-carboline alkaloid compounds showed the ability to inhibit recombinant PbMLS (PbMLSr) activity, Paracoccidioides species growth, and adhesion of the fungus and PbMLSr to the extracellular matrix components. The cytotoxicity of the alkaloids was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Guimaraes Costa
- Núcleo Colaborativo de BioSistemas, Regional Jataí, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Lemes Gonçalves
- Núcleo Colaborativo de BioSistemas, Regional Jataí, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Alves da Silva
- Núcleo Colaborativo de BioSistemas, Regional Jataí, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Lucília Kato
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carla Dos Santos Freitas
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Melo, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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21
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Whibley N, Gaffen SL. Beyond Candida albicans: Mechanisms of immunity to non-albicans Candida species. Cytokine 2015; 76:42-52. [PMID: 26276374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The fungal genus Candida encompasses numerous species that inhabit a variety of hosts, either as commensal microbes and/or pathogens. Candida species are a major cause of fungal infections, yet to date there are no vaccines against Candida or indeed any other fungal pathogen. Our knowledge of immunity to Candida mainly comes from studies on Candida albicans, the most frequent species associated with disease. However, non-albicans Candida (NAC) species also cause disease and their prevalence is increasing. Although research into immunity to NAC species is still at an early stage, it is becoming apparent that immunity to C. albicans differs in important ways from non-albicans species, with important implications for treatment, therapy and predicted demographic susceptibility. This review will discuss the current understanding of immunity to NAC species in the context of immunity to C. albicans, and highlight as-yet unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Whibley
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Dept. of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Dept. of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, BST S702, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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22
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Activity of Novel Synthetic Peptides against Candida albicans. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9657. [PMID: 25965506 PMCID: PMC4603303 DOI: 10.1038/srep09657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. are the most common causes of fungal infections worldwide. Among the Candida species, Candida albicans remains the predominant species that causes invasive candidiasis in most countries. In this study, we used two peptides, KABT-AMP and uperin 3.6 as templates to develop novel antifungal peptides. Their anticandidal activity was assessed using a combination of MIC, time-killing assay and biofilm reduction assay. Hybrid peptides, KU2 and KU3 containing a mixed backbone of KABT-AMP and Uperin 3.6 demonstrated the most potent anticandidal activity with MIC values ranging from 8–16 mg/L. The number of Trp residues and the amphipathic structure of peptides probably enhanced the anticandidal activity of peptides. Increasing the cationicity of the uperin 3.6 analogues resulted in reduced MIC from the range of 64–128 mg/L to 16–64 mg/L and this was also correlated with the antibiofilm activity and killing kinetics of the peptides. Peptides showed synergistic effects when used in combination with conventional antifungals. Peptides demonstrated low haemolytic activity but significant toxicity on two normal human epithelial cell lines. This study provides us with a better understanding on the structure-activity relationship and the balance between cationicity and hydrophobicity of the peptides although the therapeutic application of the peptides is limited.
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23
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel Isatin Schiff Bases Linked to Nicotinic Acid via Certain Amino Acid Bridge. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/364841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The coupling reaction of nicotinic acid with certain L-amino acid methyl esters including valine, leucine, and phenylalanine was done by the use of acid chloride method. The products were reacted with hydrazine hydrate 99% to give the corresponding hydrazides that were reacted with indoline-2,3-dione (isatin) to get Schiff bases under the application of microwave irradiation technique. These novel compounds were characterized by means of their FT-IR,1H NMR, and mass spectral data. Additionally, the specific optical rotation and elemental analysis were measured. Thein vitroantimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by agar diffusion method. The compounds showed a strong antimicrobial inhibitory activity. Most of the test compounds possessed a broad spectrum of activities having MIC values ranging from 50 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL.
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24
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Tejero R, López D, López-Fabal F, Gómez-Garcés JL, Fernández-García M. Antimicrobial polymethacrylates based on quaternized 1,3-thiazole and 1,2,3-triazole side-chain groups. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00288e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial and non-hemotoxic characteristics of polymers bearing thiazole and triazole groups by the appropriate selection of spacer and quaternization groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tejero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
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25
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Wang K, Yan J, Dang W, Xie J, Yan B, Yan W, Sun M, Zhang B, Ma M, Zhao Y, Jia F, Zhu R, Chen W, Wang R. Dual antifungal properties of cationic antimicrobial peptides polybia-MPI: membrane integrity disruption and inhibition of biofilm formation. Peptides 2014; 56:22-9. [PMID: 24642357 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing emergence of resistant fungi, the discovery and development of novel antifungal therapeutics were urgently needed. Compared with conventional antibiotics, the limited propensity of AMPs to induce resistance in pathogens has attracted great interest. In the present study, the antifungal activity and its mechanism-of-action of polybia-MPI, a cationic peptide from the venom of Social wasp Polybia Paulista was investigated. We demonstrated that polybia-MPI could potently inhibit the growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida glabrata (C. glabrata). The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Polybia-MPI against cancer cells were much higher than the MICs against the tested C. albicans and C. glabrata cells, indicating that polybia-MPI had high selectivity between the fungal and mammalian cells. Our results also indicated that membrane disturbance mechanism was involved in the antifungal activity. Furthermore, polybia-MPI could inhibit the bio film forming of C. glabrata, which was frequently associated with clinically significant biofilm. These results suggest that polybia-MPI has great advantages in the development of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jiexi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wen Dang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Bo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wenjin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Mengyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Mingxia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Fengjing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ranran Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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26
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Activity of potent and selective host defense peptide mimetics in mouse models of oral candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3820-7. [PMID: 24752272 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02649-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong need for new broadly active antifungal agents for the treatment of oral candidiasis that not only are active against many species of Candida, including drug-resistant strains, but also evade microbial countermeasures which may lead to resistance. Host defense peptides (HDPs) can provide a foundation for the development of such agents. Toward this end, we have developed fully synthetic, small-molecule, nonpeptide mimetics of the HDPs that improve safety and other pharmaceutical properties. Here we describe the identification of several HDP mimetics that are broadly active against C. albicans and other species of Candida, rapidly fungicidal, and active against yeast and hyphal cultures and that exhibit low cytotoxicity for mammalian cells. Importantly, specificity for Candida over commensal bacteria was also evident, thereby minimizing potential damage to the endogenous microbiome which otherwise could favor fungal overgrowth. Three compounds were tested as topical agents in two different mouse models of oral candidiasis and were found to be highly active. Following single-dose administrations, total Candida burdens in tongues of infected animals were reduced up to three logs. These studies highlight the potential of HDP mimetics as a new tool in the antifungal arsenal for the treatment of oral candidiasis.
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Abstract
Synthesis and large-scale manufacturing technologies are now available for the commercial production of even the most complex peptide anti-infectives. Married with the potential of this class of molecule as the next generation of effective, resistance-free and safe antimicrobials, and a much better understanding of their biology, pharmacology and pharmacodynamics, the first regulatory approvals and introduction into clinical practice of these promising drug candidates will likely be soon. This is a key juncture in the history/life cycle of peptide anti-infectives and, perhaps, their commercial and therapeutic potential is about to be realized. This review highlights the promise of these agents as the next generation of therapeutics and summarizes the challenges faced in, and lessons learned from, the past.
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28
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Mishra B, Leishangthem GD, Gill K, Singh AK, Das S, Singh K, Xess I, Dinda A, Kapil A, Patro IK, Dey S. A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from modified N-terminal domain of bovine lactoferrin: Design, synthesis, activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria and Candida. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:677-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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30
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Amaral AC, Silva ON, Mundim NCCR, de Carvalho MJA, Migliolo L, Leite JRSA, Prates MV, Bocca AL, Franco OL, Felipe MSS. Predicting antimicrobial peptides from eukaryotic genomes: in silico strategies to develop antibiotics. Peptides 2012; 37:301-8. [PMID: 22884922 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable and intriguing challenge for the modern medicine consists in the development of alternative therapies to avoid the problem of microbial resistance. The cationic antimicrobial peptides present a promise to be used to develop more efficient drugs applied to human health. The in silico analysis of genomic databases is a strategy utilized to predict peptides of therapeutic interest. Once the main antimicrobial peptides' physical-chemical properties are already known, the correlation of those features to search on these databases is a tool to shorten identifying new antibiotics. This study reports the identification of antimicrobial peptides by theoretical analyses by scanning the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis transcriptome and the human genome databases. The identified sequences were synthesized and investigated for hemocompatibility and also antimicrobial activity. Two peptides presented antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Furthermore, three peptides exhibited antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; finally one of them presented high potential to kill both pathogens with superior activity in comparison to chloramphenicol. None of them showed toxicity to mammalian cells. In silico structural analyses were performed in order to better understand function-structure relation, clearly demonstrating the necessity of cationic peptide surfaces and the exposition of hydrophobic amino acid residues. In summary, our results suggest that the use of computational programs in order to identify and evaluate antimicrobial peptides from genomic databases is a remarkable tool that could be used to abbreviate the search of peptides with biotechnological potential from natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Amaral
- Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília - DF 70910-900, Brazil
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31
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Yin LM, Edwards MA, Li J, Yip CM, Deber CM. Roles of hydrophobicity and charge distribution of cationic antimicrobial peptides in peptide-membrane interactions. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:7738-45. [PMID: 22253439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.303602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) occur as important innate immunity agents in many organisms, including humans, and offer a viable alternative to conventional antibiotics, as they physically disrupt the bacterial membranes, leading to membrane lysis and eventually cell death. In this work, we studied the biophysical and microbiological characteristics of designed CAPs varying in hydrophobicity levels and charge distributions by a variety of biophysical and biochemical approaches, including in-tandem atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflection-FTIR, CD spectroscopy, and SDS-PAGE. Peptide structural properties were correlated with their membrane-disruptive abilities and antimicrobial activities. In bacterial lipid model membranes, a time-dependent increase in aggregated β-strand-type structure in CAPs with relatively high hydrophobicity (such as KKKKKKALFALWLAFLA-NH(2)) was essentially absent in CAPs with lower hydrophobicity (such as KKKKKKAAFAAWAAFAA-NH(2)). Redistribution of positive charges by placing three Lys residues at both termini while maintaining identical sequences minimized self-aggregation above the dimer level. Peptides containing four Leu residues were destructive to mammalian model membranes, whereas those with corresponding Ala residues were not. This finding was mirrored in hemolysis studies in human erythrocytes, where Ala-only peptides displayed virtually no hemolysis up to 320 μM, but the four-Leu peptides induced 40-80% hemolysis at the same concentration range. All peptides studied displayed strong antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4-32 μM). The overall findings suggest optimum routes to balancing peptide hydrophobicity and charge distribution that allow efficient penetration and disruption of the bacterial membranes without damage to mammalian (host) membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois M Yin
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
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32
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Mandal SM, Migliolo L, Franco OL, Ghosh AK. Identification of an antifungal peptide from Trapa natans fruits with inhibitory effects on Candida tropicalis biofilm formation. Peptides 2011; 32:1741-7. [PMID: 21736910 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to recent emergence of fungal pathogens resistant to current antifungal therapies, several studies have been focused on screening of plant peptides to find novel compounds having antifungal activities. Here, a novel antifungal plant peptide, with molecular mass of 1230 Da was purified from fruits of Trapa natans by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography using 300SB-C18 column and named as Tn-AFP1. Determination of complete amino acid sequences of this peptide by tandem mass spectrometry showed to contain following eleven amino acid residues: LMCTHPLDCSN. Purified Tn-AFP1 showed the inhibition of Candida tropicalis growth in vitro and disrupted the biofilm formation in a concentration dependent manner. It also showed downregulation of MDR1 and ERG11 gene expression in real time-PCR analysis. In silico molecular modeling predicted the structure of Tn-AFP1 as a single coil attached by a unique disulfide bond. Characterization of Tn-AFP1 could contribute in designing novel derivative(s) of this peptide for the development of more effective antimycotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi M Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India. sm
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Hua J, Yamarthy R, Felsenstein S, Scott RW, Markowitz K, Diamond G. Activity of antimicrobial peptide mimetics in the oral cavity: I. Activity against biofilms of Candida albicans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2011; 25:418-25. [PMID: 21040515 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2010.00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides hold promise as therapeutic agents against oral pathogens such as Candida albicans but numerous difficulties have slowed their development. Synthetic, non-peptidic analogs that mimic the properties of these peptides have many advantages and exhibit potent, selective antimicrobial activity. Several series of mimetics (with molecular weight < 1000) were developed and screened against oral Candida strains as a proof-of-principle for their antifungal properties. One phenylalkyne and several arylamide compounds with reduced mammalian cytotoxicities were found to be active against C. albicans. These compounds demonstrated rapid fungicidal activity in liquid culture even in the presence of saliva, and demonstrated synergy with standard antifungal agents. When assayed against biofilms grown on denture acrylic, the compounds exhibited potent fungicidal activity as measured by metabolic and fluorescent viability assays. Repeated passages in sub-minimum inhibitory concentration levels did not lead to resistant Candida, in contrast to fluconazole. Our results demonstrate the proof-of principle for the use of these compounds as anti-Candida agents, and their further testing is warranted as novel anti-Candida therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hua
- Department of Oral Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Dental School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Matejuk A, Leng Q, Begum MD, Woodle MC, Scaria P, Chou ST, Mixson AJ. Peptide-based Antifungal Therapies against Emerging Infections. DRUG FUTURE 2010; 35:197. [PMID: 20495663 DOI: 10.1358/dof.2010.035.03.1452077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance to mycotic infections is rapidly emerging as a major medical problem. Opportunistic fungal infections create therapeutic challenges, particularly in high risk immunocompromised patients with AIDS, cancer, and those undergoing transplantation. Higher mortality and/or morbidity rates due to invasive mycosis have been increasing over the last 20 years, and in light of growing resistance to commonly used antibiotics, novel antifungal drugs and approaches are required. Currently there is considerable interest in antifungal peptides that are ubiquitous in plant and animal kingdoms. These small cationic peptides may have specific targets or may be multifunctional in their mechanism of action. On the basis of recent advances in protein engineering and solid phase syntheses, the utility and potential of selected peptides as efficient antifungal drugs with acceptable toxicity profiles are being realized. This review will discuss recent advances in peptide therapy for opportunistic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matejuk
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Baltimore, MSTF Building, 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Karlsson AJ, Pomerantz WC, Neilsen KJ, Gellman SH, Palecek SP. Effect of sequence and structural properties on 14-helical beta-peptide activity against Candida albicans planktonic cells and biofilms. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:567-79. [PMID: 19518070 DOI: 10.1021/cb900093r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Beta-peptides (beta-amino acid oligomers) that mimic the amphiphilic, helical, and cationic properties of natural antimicrobial peptides have previously been shown to display antifungal activity against planktonic Candida albicans cells. Beta-peptides offer several advantages over conventional peptides composed of alpha-amino acid residues, including conformational stability, resistance to proteases, and activity at physiological salt concentrations. We examined sequence-activity relationships toward both planktonic C. albicans cells and C. albicans biofilms, and the results suggest a toxicity mechanism involving membrane disruption. A strategy for fluorescently labeling a beta-peptide without diminishing antifungal activity was devised; labeled beta-peptides penetrated the cell membrane and accumulated in the cytoplasm of both planktonic and biofilm-associated cells. The labeled beta-peptide was detected only in metabolically inactive cells, which suggests that beta-peptide entry is correlated with cell death. The presence of a beta-peptide at a concentration near the minimum inhibitory concentration completely prevented planktonic C. albicans cells from forming a biofilm, suggesting that beta-peptides may be useful in preventing fungal colonization and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William C. Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Hamad M. Antifungal Immunotherapy and Immunomodulation: A Double-hitter Approach to Deal with Invasive Fungal Infections. Scand J Immunol 2008; 67:533-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Glukhov E, Burrows LL, Deber CM. Membrane interactions of designed cationic antimicrobial peptides: The two thresholds. Biopolymers 2008; 89:360-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.20917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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