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Parvizi J, Guerra-Farfan E, Bhandari M, Mont MA. World Expert Meeting to Discuss Controversies in Joint Arthroplasty: What is That About? J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:1140-1141. [PMID: 38493964 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Parvizi
- International Joint Center, Acibadem University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ernesto Guerra-Farfan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Mont
- Lifebridge Health, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
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McKechnie T, Saddik M, Doumouras A, Eskicioglu C, Parpia S, Bhandari M. PREscribing preoperative weight loss prior to major non-bariatric abdominal surgery for patients with Elevated weight: Patient and Provider Survey Protocols (PREPARE surveys). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302482. [PMID: 38687754 PMCID: PMC11060585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative very low energy diet (VLED) interventions are used routinely in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, a surgical subspecialty that deals almost exclusively with patients with obesity. Yet, their use and study has been limited in non-bariatric abdominal surgery. To investigate the use of VLEDs in non-bariatric surgery, we plan on conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Prior to proceeding, however, we have designed two surveys as important pre-emptive studies aimed at elucidating patient and provider perspectives regarding these interventions. METHODS The patient survey is a cross-sectional, single-center survey aimed at assessing the safety, adherence, barriers to adherence, and willingness to participate in preoperative optimization protocols with VLEDs prior to undergoing elective non-bariatric intra-abdominal surgery (S1 File). The population of interest is all adult patients with obesity undergoing elective non-bariatric intra-abdominal surgery at St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton who were prescribed a course of preoperative VLED. The primary outcomes will be safety and adherence. The target sample size is 35 survey responses. The provider survey is a cross-sectional national survey of practicing surgeons in Canada who perform major non-bariatric abdominal surgery aimed assessing the willingness and ability to prescribe preoperative weight loss interventions amongst practicing Canadian surgeons who perform major non-bariatric abdominal surgery (S2 File). The population of interest is independent practicing surgeons in Canada who perform major non-bariatric abdominal surgery. The primary outcome will be willingness to prescribe preoperative VLED to patients with obesity undergoing major non-bariatric abdominal surgery for both benign and malignant indications. The target sample size is 61 survey responses. Descriptive statistics will be used to characterize the sample populations. To determine variables associated with primary outcomes in the surveys, regression analyses will be performed. DISCUSSION These survey data will ultimately inform the design of an RCT evaluating the efficacy of preoperative VLEDs for patients with obesity undergoing major abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler McKechnie
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maisa Saddik
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameer Parpia
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Kermansaravi M, Shahmiri SS, Kow L, Gawdat K, Abbas SI, Aly A, Bashir A, Bhandari M, Haddad A, ElFawal MH, Inam A, Kasama K, Kim SH, Kular KS, Lakdawala M, Layani LA, Lee WJ, Pazouki A, Prasad A, Safadi B, Wang C, Yang W, Adib R, Jazi AHD, Shabbir A. Technical Variations and Considerations around OAGB in IFSO-APC and IFSO-MENAC Chapters, an Expert Survey. Obes Surg 2024:10.1007/s11695-024-07239-9. [PMID: 38662251 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the technical variations of one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) among IFSO-APC and MENAC experts. BACKGROUND The multitude of technical variations and patient selection challenges among metabolic and bariatric surgeons worldwide necessitates a heightened awareness of these issues. Understanding different perspectives and viewpoints can empower surgeons performing OAGB to adapt their techniques, leading to improved outcomes and reduced complications. METHODS The scientific team of IFSO-APC, consisting of skilled bariatric and metabolic surgeons specializing in OAGB, conducted a confidential online survey. The survey aimed to assess technical variations and considerations related to OAGB within the IFSO-APC and IFSO-MENAC chapters. A total of 85 OAGB experts participated in the survey, providing their responses through a 35-question online format. The survey took place from January 1, 2024, to February 15, 2024. RESULTS Most experts do not perform OAGB for children and adolescents younger than 18 years. Most experts create the gastric pouch over a 36-40-F bougie and prefer to create a gastrojejunostomy, at the posterior wall of the gastric pouch. An anti-reflux suture during OAGB is performed in all patients by 51.8% of experts. Most experts set a common limb length of > 4 m in revisional and conversional OAGBs to prevent nutritional complications. CONCLUSION The ongoing debate among metabolic and bariatric surgeons regarding the technical variations and patient selection in OAGB remains a significant point of discussion. This survey demonstrated the variations in technical aspects and patient selection for OAGB among MBS surgeons in the IFSO-APC and IFSO-MENAC chapters. Standardizing the OAGB technique is crucial to ensure optimal safety and efficacy in this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kermansaravi
- Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Hazrat‑E Fatemeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahab Shahabi Shahmiri
- Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Hazrat‑E Fatemeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lilian Kow
- Adelaide Bariatric Centre, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Khaled Gawdat
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmad Aly
- Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ahmad Bashir
- Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Gastrointestinal Bariatric and Metabolic Center (GBMC), Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Ashraf Haddad
- Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Gastrointestinal Bariatric and Metabolic Center (GBMC), Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Atif Inam
- Metabolic, Thoracic & General Surgery Unit III, Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kazunori Kasama
- Weight Loss and Metabolic Surgery Center, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Wei-Jei Lee
- Medical Weight Loss Center, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Zhubei, Taiwan
| | - Abdolreza Pazouki
- Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Hazrat‑E Fatemeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Reza Adib
- The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amir Hossein Davarpanah Jazi
- Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Hazrat‑E Fatemeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asim Shabbir
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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McKechnie T, Kazi T, Wang A, Zhang S, Thabane A, Nanji K, Doumouras AG, Eskicioglu C, Thabane L, Parpia S, Bhandari M. REporting quality of PilOt randomised controlled trials in surgery (REPORTS): a methodological survey protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e085293. [PMID: 38658008 PMCID: PMC11043721 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this methodological review is to evaluate the completeness of reporting of surgical pilot and feasibility randomised trials as per the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. Moreover, we aim to assess for the presence of spin reporting and inconsistency between abstract and main text reporting in surgical pilot and feasibility randomised trials. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A comprehensive, electronic search strategy will be used to identify studies indexed in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases. Studies will be included if they are pilot or feasibility randomised trials of surgical interventions. The primary outcome will be overall CONSORT statement extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials checklist completeness. This will be defined as trials reporting each of the 40 items in the CONSORT statement extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials checklist. Secondary outcomes will include the reporting of individual studies as per the CONSORT extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials, the use of spin reporting strategies, trial factors associated with reporting quality and spin strategy use, and consistency between abstract and main text reporting. Poisson and logistic regressions will be performed to explore the association between trial factors and completeness of reporting as measured by the number of reported CONSORT items. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This is a methodological survey that has been registered a priori on the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023475512). Local ethics approval is not required. We plan to disseminate study results through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler McKechnie
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tania Kazi
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Austine Wang
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophia Zhang
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keean Nanji
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristithes G Doumouras
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sameer Parpia
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Pradhan A, Bhandari M, Vishwakarma P, Gualtieri P, Di Renzo L, Iellamo F, Sethi R, Perrone MA. Dyslipidemia and heart failure: current evidence and perspectives of use of statins. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:2860-2877. [PMID: 38639527 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202404_35929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a condition with growing morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia in HF is not concentrated around hypercholesterolemia as in coronary artery disease. As a corollary, the robust benefits seen with statins across the spectrum of CAD have not been replicated in HF. Multiple potential pleiotropic effects of statins include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, endothelial stabilization, antiapoptotic, anti-thrombotic, and modulation of the autonomic system apart from lipid lowering. These benevolent actions need to be counterbalanced with the potential derangement of ubiquinone, selenoprotein and endotoxin pathways. While small randomized and non-randomized studies demonstrated a multitude of benefits in clinical and surrogate endpoints, two large RCTs failed to demonstrate unequivocal benefits. However, multiple large meta-analyses do demonstrate definite improvement in clinical endpoints including death and heart failure hospitalization. The clinical likelihood of benefit was higher in younger patients with less advanced HF and use of lipophilic statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pradhan
- Department of Cardiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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McKechnie T, Kazi T, Wang A, Zhang S, Thabane A, Nanji K, Staibano P, Park LJ, Doumouras A, Eskicioglu C, Thabane L, Parpia S, Bhandari M. Pilot and feasibility trials in surgery are incompletely reported according to the CONSORT checklist: a meta-research study. J Clin Epidemiol 2024; 170:111335. [PMID: 38548230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the key role that pilot and feasibility (PAF) trials play in addressing the challenges of surgical trials, adequate reporting completeness is essential. Our aim was to assess completeness of reporting and evaluate if the items of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension for PAF trials have been reported in surgical PAF trials. STUDY DESIGN This is a metaresearch study reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were included if they were pilot or feasibility randomized trials evaluating a surgical intervention. The primary outcome was overall adherence to the CONSORT statement extension to randomized PAF trials checklist. A Poisson regression was performed to explore the association between research factors and reporting completeness. SETTING MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 1-December 31, 2011 and 2021. RESULTS After screening 1991 citations, 38 studies from 2011 to 34 studies from 2021 were included. The mean CONSORT reporting score across all included studies was 21.5 (standard deviation 6.3). After excluding items that were not applicable to all studies, a mean of 20.1 (standard deviation 6.1) of 34 items (0.59) were reported. Studies published in 2021 (vs 2011) did not have a greater number of CONSORT items reported (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-1.15). Studies registered in a clinical trial registry (IRR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12-1.48) and randomizing more than 50 patients (IRR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.30) were associated with more CONSORT items reported. CONCLUSION The reporting completeness of surgical PAF trials is poor and has not improved after the publication of the CONSORT extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler McKechnie
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tania Kazi
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Austine Wang
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophia Zhang
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keean Nanji
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Phillip Staibano
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lily J Park
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sameer Parpia
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Thabane A, McKechnie T, Arora V, Calic G, Busse JW, Sonnadara R, Bhandari M. Investigation of divergent thinking among surgeons and surgeon trainees in Canada (IDEAS): a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081367. [PMID: 38514152 PMCID: PMC10961566 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the creative potential of surgeons and surgeon trainees, as measured by divergent thinking. The secondary objectives were to identify factors associated with divergent thinking, assess confidence in creative problem-solving and the perceived effect of surgical training on creative potential, and explore the value of creativity in surgery. DESIGN We used a mixed-methods design, conducting a survey of divergent thinking ability using a validated questionnaire followed by two semi-structured interviews with top-scoring participants. PARTICIPANTS & SETTING Surgeons and surgeon trainees in the Department of Surgery at McMaster University. OUTCOMES The primary outcome was divergent thinking, assessed with the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults. Participants also self-assessed their confidence in creative problem-solving and the effect of surgical training on their creative potential. We performed descriptive analyses and multivariable linear regression to identify factors associated with divergent thinking. We conducted a thematic analysis of the interview responses. RESULTS 82 surgeons and surgeon trainees were surveyed; 43 were junior trainees and 28 were senior trainees. General surgery, orthopaedic surgery and plastic surgery represented 71.9% of the participants. The median participant age was 28 years (range 24-73), 51.2% of whom were female. Participants demonstrated levels of divergent thinking that were higher but not meaningfully different from the adult norm (62.39 (95% CI 61.25, 63.53), p<0.001). While participants scored significantly higher than the average adult on fluency (the ability to produce quantities of ideas) and flexibility (the ability to process information in different ways) (p<0.001 for both), they scored below average on originality (the ability to produce uncommon, new or unique ideas) (p<0.001). Regression analysis identified higher divergent thinking scores among females (estimated β=-3.58 (95% CI -6.25 to -0.90), p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS The divergent thinking ability among surgeons and surgeon trainees was not meaningfully different from the adult normative score; however, their ability to generate original ideas was below average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikram Arora
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Goran Calic
- DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason W Busse
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranil Sonnadara
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Ratneswaren T, Chan N, Aeron-Thomas J, Sait S, Adesalu O, Alhawamdeh M, Benger M, Garnham J, Dixon L, Tona F, McNamara C, Taylor E, Lobotesis K, Lim E, Goldberg O, Asmar N, Evbuomwan O, Banerjee S, Holm-Mercer L, Senor J, Tsitsiou Y, Tantrige P, Taha A, Ballal K, Mattar A, Daadipour A, Elfergani K, Barker R, Chakravartty R, Murchison AG, Kemp BJ, Simister R, Davagnanam I, Wong OY, Werring D, Banaras A, Anjari M, Rodrigues JCL, Thompson CAS, Haines IR, Burnett TA, Zaher REY, Reay VL, Banerjee M, Sew Hee CSL, Oo AP, Lo A, Rogers P, Hughes T, Marin A, Mukherjee S, Jaber H, Sanders E, Owen S, Bhandari M, Sundayi S, Bhagat A, Elsakka M, Hashmi OH, Lymbouris M, Gurung-Koney Y, Arshad M, Hasan I, Singh N, Patel V, Rahiminejad M, Booth TC. COVID-19 Stroke Apical Lung Examination Study 2: a national prospective CTA biomarker study of the lung apices, in patients presenting with suspected acute stroke (COVID SALES 2). Neuroimage Clin 2024; 42:103590. [PMID: 38513535 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apical ground-glass opacification (GGO) identified on CT angiography (CTA) performed for suspected acute stroke was developed in 2020 as a coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in a retrospective study during the first wave of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To prospectively validate whether GGO on CTA performed for suspected acute stroke is a reliable COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and whether it is reliable for COVID-19 vaccinated patients. METHODS In this prospective, pragmatic, national, multi-center validation study performed at 13 sites, we captured study data consecutively in patients undergoing CTA for suspected acute stroke from January-March 2021. Demographic and clinical features associated with stroke and COVID-19 were incorporated. The primary outcome was the likelihood of reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction swab-test-confirmed COVID-19 using the GGO biomarker. Secondary outcomes investigated were functional status at discharge and survival analyses at 30 and 90 days. Univariate and multivariable statistical analyses were employed. RESULTS CTAs from 1,111 patients were analyzed, with apical GGO identified in 8.5 % during a period of high COVID-19 prevalence. GGO showed good inter-rater reliability (Fleiss κ = 0.77); and high COVID-19 specificity (93.7 %, 91.8-95.2) and negative predictive value (NPV; 97.8 %, 96.5-98.6). In subgroup analysis of vaccinated patients, GGO remained a good diagnostic biomarker (specificity 93.1 %, 89.8-95.5; NPV 99.7 %, 98.3-100.0). Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have higher stroke score (NIHSS (mean +/- SD) 6.9 +/- 6.9, COVID-19 negative, 9.7 +/- 9.0, COVID-19 positive; p = 0.01), carotid occlusions (6.2 % negative, 14.9 % positive; p = 0.02), and larger infarcts on presentation CT (ASPECTS 9.4 +/- 1.5, COVID-19 negative, 8.6 +/- 2.4, COVID-19 positive; p = 0.00). After multivariable logistic regression, GGO (odds ratio 15.7, 6.2-40.1), myalgia (8.9, 2.1-38.2) and higher core body temperature (1.9, 1.1-3.2) were independent COVID-19 predictors. GGO was associated with worse functional outcome on discharge and worse survival after univariate analysis. However, after adjustment for factors including stroke severity, GGO was not independently predictive of functional outcome or mortality. CONCLUSION Apical GGO on CTA performed for patients with suspected acute stroke is a reliable diagnostic biomarker for COVID-19, which in combination with clinical features may be useful in COVID-19 triage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ratneswaren
- Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Chan
- Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - S Sait
- King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - M Benger
- King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - L Dixon
- Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Tona
- Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - E Taylor
- Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - E Lim
- Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - N Asmar
- Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - J Senor
- Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - P Tantrige
- Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, UK
| | - A Taha
- Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, UK
| | - K Ballal
- Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, UK
| | - A Mattar
- Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, UK
| | - A Daadipour
- Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, UK
| | - K Elfergani
- Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, UK
| | - R Barker
- Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey, UK
| | | | | | - B J Kemp
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - O Y Wong
- University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Werring
- Comprehensive Stroke Service, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - A Banaras
- University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Anjari
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - R E Y Zaher
- Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - V L Reay
- Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - M Banerjee
- Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - A P Oo
- Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - A Lo
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Rogers
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Hughes
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Marin
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Mukherjee
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - H Jaber
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - E Sanders
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Owen
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - S Sundayi
- Watford General Hospital, Watford, UK
| | - A Bhagat
- Watford General Hospital, Watford, UK
| | - M Elsakka
- Watford General Hospital, Watford, UK
| | - O H Hashmi
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - M Lymbouris
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | | | - M Arshad
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - I Hasan
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - N Singh
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - V Patel
- St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - T C Booth
- King's College Hospital, London, UK; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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9
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Ponce de Leon-Ballesteros G, Pouwels S, Romero-Velez G, Aminian A, Angrisani L, Bhandari M, Brown W, Copaescu C, De Luca M, Fobi M, Ghanem OM, Hasenberg T, Herrera MF, Herrera-Kok JH, Himpens J, Kow L, Kroh M, Kurian M, Musella M, Narwaria M, Noel P, Pantoja JP, Ponce J, Prager G, Ramos A, Ribeiro R, Ruiz-Ucar E, Salminen P, Shikora S, Small P, Stier C, Taha S, Taskin EH, Torres A, Vaz C, Vilallonga R, Verboonen S, Zerrweck C, Zundel N, Parmar C. Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Obesity Class V (BMI > 60 kg/m 2): a Modified Delphi Study. Obes Surg 2024; 34:790-813. [PMID: 38238640 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the preferred method to achieve significant weight loss in patients with Obesity Class V (BMI > 60 kg/m2). However, there is no consensus regarding the best procedure(s) for this population. Additionally, these patients will likely have a higher risk of complications and mortality. The aim of this study was to achieve a consensus among a global panel of expert bariatric surgeons using a modified Delphi methodology. METHODS A total of 36 recognized opinion-makers and highly experienced metabolic and bariatric surgeons participated in the present Delphi consensus. 81 statements on preoperative management, selection of the procedure, perioperative management, weight loss parameters, follow-up, and metabolic outcomes were voted on in two rounds. A consensus was considered reached when an agreement of ≥ 70% of experts' votes was achieved. RESULTS A total of 54 out of 81 statements reached consensus. Remarkably, more than 90% of the experts agreed that patients should be notified of the greater risk of complications, the possibility of modifications to the surgical procedure, and the early start of chemical thromboprophylaxis. Regarding the choice of the procedure, SADI-S, RYGB, and OAGB were the top 3 preferred operations. However, no consensus was reached on the limb length in these operations. CONCLUSION This study represents the first attempt to reach consensus on the choice of procedures as well as perioperative management in patients with obesity class V. Although overall consensus was reached in different areas, more research is needed to better serve this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ponce de Leon-Ballesteros
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Angeles Morelia, Morelia, Postal: 331, Int. B-502, Av. Montaña Monarca, Montaña Monarca, 58350, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico.
| | - Sjaak Pouwels
- Department of General, Abdominal Surgery and Coloproctology, Helios St. Elisabeth Hospital, Oberhausen, NRW, Germany
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Ali Aminian
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luigi Angrisani
- Department of Public Health, Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Wendy Brown
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catalin Copaescu
- Department of Surgery, Ponderas Academic Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Omar M Ghanem
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Till Hasenberg
- Helios Obesity Center West, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Miguel F Herrera
- Clinic for Nutrition and Obesity, The American British Cowdray Medical Center Observatorio, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Johnn H Herrera-Kok
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Jacques Himpens
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Delta CHIREC Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lilian Kow
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew Kroh
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Mario Musella
- Advanced Biomedical Sciences Department, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Patrick Noel
- Clinique Bouchard, ELSAN, Marseille, France
- Emirates Specialty Hospital, DHCC, Dubai, UAE
| | - Juan P Pantoja
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jaime Ponce
- CHI Memorial Hospital Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rui Ribeiro
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Lusiadas Amadora, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Elena Ruiz-Ucar
- Department of Bariatric and Endocrine Surgery, Fuenlabrada University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Department of Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Scott Shikora
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Small
- Directorate of General Surgery, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | - Christine Stier
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Safwan Taha
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Center, Mediclinic Hospital Airport Road, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Eren Halit Taskin
- Department of Surgery, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Antonio Torres
- General and Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Complutense University Medical School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vaz
- Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Hospital CUF Tejo, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ramon Vilallonga
- Department of Surgery, Enodcrine-Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Unit, Vall Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Zerrweck
- The American British Cowdray Medical Center Santa Fe, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natan Zundel
- Department of Surgery, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chetan Parmar
- Department of Surgery, The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation, Hyderabad, India
- University College London, London, UK
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10
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McKechnie T, Yang S, Wu K, Sharma S, Lee Y, Park LJ, Passos EM, Doumouras AG, Hong D, Parpia S, Bhandari M, Eskicioglu C. Fragility of Statistically Significant Outcomes in Colonic Diverticular Disease Randomized Trials: A Systematic Review. Dis Colon Rectum 2024; 67:414-426. [PMID: 37889999 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p value has been criticized as an oversimplified determination of whether a treatment effect exists. One alternative is the fragility index. It is a representation of the minimum number of nonevents that would need to be converted to events to increase the p value above 0.05. OBJECTIVE To determine the fragility index of randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of interventions for patients with diverticular disease since 2010 to assess the robustness of current evidence. DESIGN MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to August 2022. SETTINGS Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were randomized trials conducted between 2010 and 2022 with parallel, superiority designs evaluating interventions in patients with diverticular disease. Only randomized trials with dichotomous primary outcomes with an associated p value of <0.05 were considered for inclusion. PARTICIPANTS Any surgical or medical intervention for patients with diverticular disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The fragility index was determined by adding events and subtracting nonevents from the groups with the smaller number of events. Events were added until the p value exceeded 0.05. The smallest number of events required was considered the fragility index. RESULTS After screening 1271 citations, 15 randomized trials met the inclusion criteria. Nine of the studies evaluated surgical interventions and 6 evaluated medical interventions. The mean number of patients randomly assigned and lost to follow-up per randomized controlled trial was 92 (SD 35.3) and 9 (SD 11.4), respectively. The median fragility index was 1 (range, 0-5). The fragility indices for the included studies did not correlate significantly with any study characteristics. LIMITATIONS Small sample, heterogeneity, and lack of inclusion of studies with continuous outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The randomized trials evaluating surgical and medical interventions for diverticular disease are not robust. Changing a single-outcome event in most studies was sufficient to make a statistically significant study finding not significant. See Video Abstract . FRAGILIDAD DE LOS RESULTADOS ESTADSTICAMENTE SIGNIFICATIVOS EN ENSAYOS ALEATORIOS DE ENFERMEDAD DIVERTICULAR DEL COLON UNA REVISIN SISTEMTICA ANTECEDENTES:El valor p ha sido criticado por una determinación demasiado simplificada de si existe un efecto del tratamiento. Una alternativa es el Índice de Fragilidad. Es una representación del número mínimo de no eventos que deberían convertirse en eventos para aumentar el valor p por encima de 0,05.OBJETIVO:Determinar el IF de ensayos controlados aleatorios que evalúan la eficacia de las intervenciones para pacientes con enfermedad diverticular desde 2010 para evaluar la solidez de la evidencia actual.FUENTES DE DATOS:Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE, Embase y CENTRAL desde el inicio hasta agosto de 2022.SELECCIÓN DE ESTUDIOS:Los artículos eran elegibles para su inclusión si eran ensayos aleatorizados realizados entre 2010 y 2022 con diseños paralelos de superioridad que evaluaran intervenciones en pacientes con enfermedad diverticular. Sólo se consideraron para su inclusión los ensayos aleatorizados con resultados primarios dicotómicos con un valor de p asociado menor que 0,05.INTERVENCIÓNES:Cualquier intervención quirúrgica o médica para pacientes con enfermedad diverticular.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE VALORACIÓN:El índice de fragilidad se determinó sumando eventos y restando no eventos de los grupos con el menor número de eventos. Se agregaron eventos hasta que el valor p superó 0,05. El menor número de eventos requeridos se consideró índice de fragilidad.RESULTADOS:Después de examinar 1271 citas, 15 ensayos aleatorios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Nueve de los estudios evaluaron intervenciones quirúrgicas y seis evaluaron intervenciones médicas. El número medio de pacientes aleatorizados y perdidos durante el seguimiento por ECA fue 92 (DE 35,3) y 9 (DE 11,4), respectivamente. La mediana del índice de fragilidad fue 1 (rango: 0-5). Los índices de fragilidad de los estudios incluidos no se correlacionaron significativamente con ninguna característica del estudio.LIMITACIONES:Muestra pequeña, heterogeneidad y falta de inclusión de estudios con resultados continuos.CONCLUSIONES:Los ensayos aleatorios que evalúan las intervenciones quirúrgicas y médicas para la enfermedad diverticular no son sólidos. Cambiar un solo evento de resultado en la mayoría de los estudios fue suficiente para que un hallazgo estadísticamente significativo del estudio no fuera significativo. (Traducción- Dr. Ingrid Melo ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler McKechnie
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuling Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yung Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lily J Park
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward M Passos
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristithes G Doumouras
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis Hong
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameer Parpia
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Mazzucco M, Lu AZ, Bhandari M, Piuzzi NS, Kunze KN. The Reverse Fragility Index for Mortality End Points in Randomized Trials Comparing Uncemented and Cemented Hemiarthroplasty for Intracapsular Hip Fractures. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:701-707. [PMID: 37793507 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpreting clinical relevance of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is challenging when P-values are marginally above or below the P = .05 threshold. This study examined the robustness of statistically insignificant mortality events from RCTs comparing hemiarthroplasty femoral fixation for displaced intracapsular hip fractures through the reverse fragility index (RFI). METHODS RCTs were identified using Pubmed, OVID/Medline, and Cochrane databases. Mortality endpoints were stratified into 3 categories: (1) within 30-days, (2) within 90-days, and (3) at latest follow-up. The RFI was derived by manipulating reported mortality events utilizing a contingency table while maintaining a constant number of participants. The reverse fragility quotient (RFQ) was quantified by dividing the RFI by the study sample. RESULTS Eight RCTs (2,494 participants) were included. The median RFI and RFQ within 30-days was 3.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.0 to 6.0) and 0.016 (IQR: 0.015 to 0.021), suggesting nonsignificant findings were contingent on 1.6 mortality events/100 participants. The median RFI and RFQ within 90-days was 6.0 (IQR: 4.0 to 7.0) and 0.028 (IQR: 0.024 to 0.038), suggesting nonsignificant findings were contingent on 2.8 mortality events/100 participants. At latest follow-up, the median RFI and RFQ was 7.0 (IQR: 6.0 to 12.0) and 0.038 (IQR: 0.029 to 0.054), suggesting nonsignificant findings were contingent on only 3.8 mortality events/100 participants. Median loss to follow-up was 16.0 (IQR: 11.0 to 58.0; 228% greater than RFI), and exceeded the RFI in 6/7(85.7%) studies. CONCLUSIONS A small number of events (median of 7) was required to convert a statistically nonsignificant finding to one that is significant for the endpoint of mortality. The median loss to follow-up exceeded the median RFI by greater than 200%, suggesting methodological limitations such as patient allocation could alter conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Z Lu
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kyle N Kunze
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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12
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Brunaldi VO, Galvao Neto M, Sharaiha RZ, Hoff AC, Bhandari M, McGowan C, Ujiki MB, Kedia P, Ortiz E, VanderWel B, Abu Dayyeh BK. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty as an early tool against obesity: a multicenter international study on an overweight population. Gastrointest Endosc 2024; 99:371-376. [PMID: 37852330 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is an effective, minimally invasive gastric remodeling procedure to treat mild and moderate obesity. Early adoption of ESG may be desirable to try to halt progression of obesity, but there are few data on its efficacy and safety for overweight patients. METHODS This was a multicenter, international, analytical case series. Six U.S., 1 Brazilian, 1 Mexican, and 1 Indian center were included. Overweight patients according to local practice undergoing ESG were considered eligible for the study. The end points were percent total weight loss (%TWL), body mass index (BMI) reduction, rate of BMI normalization, and rate of adverse events. RESULTS One hundred eighty-nine patients with a mean age of 42.6 ± 14.1 years and a mean BMI of 27.79 ± 1.17 kg/m2 were included. All procedures were successfully accomplished, and there were 3 intraprocedural adverse events (1.5%). The mean %TWL was 12.28% ± 3.21%, 15.03% ± 5.30%, 15.27% ± 5.28%, and 14.91% ± 5.62% at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. At 12 and 24 months, 76% and 86% of patients achieved normal BMI, with a mean BMI reduction of 4.13 ± 1.46 kg/m2 and 4.25 ± 1.58 kg/m2. There was no difference in mean %TWL in the first quartile versus the fourth quartile of BMI in any of the time points. However, the BMI normalization rate was statistically higher in the first group at 6 and 12 months (6 months, 100% vs 48.5% [P < .01]; 12 months, 86.2% vs 50% [P < .01]; 24 months, 84.6% vs 76.1% [P = .47]; 36 months, 86.3% vs 66.6% [P = .26]). CONCLUSIONS ESG is safe and effective in treating overweight patients with high BMI normalization rates. It could help halt or delay the progression to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoel Galvao Neto
- Mohak Bariatric and Robotic Center, Indore, India; Elias Ortiz & Company, Tijuana, Mexico; Endovitta Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reem Z Sharaiha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael B Ujiki
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Barham K Abu Dayyeh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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13
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Khalik HA, Lameire DL, Leroux T, Bhandari M, Khan M. Arthroscopic Stabilization Surgery for First-Time Anterior Shoulder Dislocations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2024:S1058-2746(24)00155-1. [PMID: 38430981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal management of first-time anterior shoulder dislocations (FTASDs) remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of arthroscopic stabilization surgery for FTASDs through a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from inception to December 18, 2022, for single-arm or comparative studies assessing FTASDs managed with arthroscopic stabilization surgery following first time dislocation. Eligible comparative studies included studies assessing outcomes following immobilization for a FTASD, or arthroscopic stabilization following recurrent dislocations. Eligible levels of evidence were I to IV. Primary outcomes included rates of shoulder re-dislocations, cumulative shoulder instability as well as subsequent shoulder stabilization surgery. RESULTS Thirty-four studies with 2,222 shoulder dislocation were included. Of these, five studies (n=408 shoulders) were randomized trials comparing immobilization to arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) after a first dislocation. Another 16 studies were non-randomized comparative studies assessing arthroscopic Bankart repair following first time dislocation (ABR-F) to either immobilization (studies=8, n=399 shoulders) or arthroscopic Bankart repair following recurrent dislocations (ABR-R) (studies=8, n=943 shoulder). Mean follow-up was 59.4±39.2 months across all studies. Cumulative loss to follow-up was 4.7% (range, 0%-32.7%). A composite rate of pooled re-dislocation, cumulative instability and re-operations across ABR-F studies was 6.8%, 11.2% and 6.1%, respectively. Meta-analysis found statistically significant reductions in rates of re-dislocation (OR 0.09, 95%CI 0.04-0.3, p=0.00), cumulative instability (OR 0.05, 95%CI 0.03-0.08, p=0.00), and subsequent surgery (OR 0.08, 95%CI 0.04-0.15, p=0.00) when comparing ABR-F to immobilization. Rates of cumulative instability (OR 0.32, 95%CI 0.22-0.47, p=0.00) and subsequent surgery rates (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.09-0.76, p=0.01) were significantly reduced with ABR-F relative to ABR-R, with point estimate of effect favoring ABR-F for shoulder re-dislocation rates (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.19-1.83, p=0.36). RTS rates to preoperative levels or higher were 3.87 times higher following ABR-F compared to immobilization (95%CI 1.57-9.52, p=0.00), with limited ABR-R studies reporting this outcome. The median fragility index of the five included RCTs was 2 meaning reversing only 2 outcome events rendered the trials findings no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic stabilization surgery for FTASDs leads to lower rates of re-dislocations, cumulative instability, and subsequent stabilization surgery relative to immobilization or arthroscopic stabilization surgery following recurrence. While a limited number of RCTs have been published on the subject matter to date, the strength of their conclusions is limited by a small sample size and statistically fragile results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassaan Abdel Khalik
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Darius L Lameire
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Leroux
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Moin Khan
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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14
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Madden K, Pallapothu S, Young Shing D, Adili A, Bhandari M, Carlesso L, Khan M, Kleinlugtenbelt YV, Krsmanovic A, Nowakowski M, Packham T, Romeril E, Tarride JE, Thabane L, Tushinski DM, Wallace C, Winemaker M, Shanthanna H. Opioid reduction and enhanced recovery in orthopaedic surgery (OREOS): a protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:30. [PMID: 38360686 PMCID: PMC10868001 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee arthritis is a leading cause of limited function and long-term disability in older adults. Despite a technically successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA), around 20% of patients continue to have persisting pain with reduced function, and low quality of life. Many of them continue using opioids for pain control, which puts them at risk for potential long-term adverse effects such as dependence, overdose and risk of falls. Although persisting pain and opioid use after TKA have been recognised to be important issues, individual strategies to decrease their burden have limitations and multi-component interventions, despite their potential, have not been well studied. In this study, we propose a multi-component pathway including personalized pain management, facilitated by a pain management coordinator. The objectives of this pilot trial are to evaluate feasibility (recruitment, retention, and adherence), along with opioid-free pain control at 8 weeks after TKA. METHODS This is a protocol for a multicentre pilot randomised controlled trial using a 2-arm parallel group design. Adult participants undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty will be considered for inclusion and randomised to control and intervention groups. Participants in the intervention group will receive support from a pain management coordinator who will facilitate a multicomponent pain management pathway including (1) preoperative education on pain and opioid use, (2) preoperative risk identification and mitigation, (3) personalized post-discharge analgesic prescriptions and (4) continued support for pain control and recovery up to 8 weeks post-op. Participants in the control group will undergo usual care. The primary outcomes of this pilot trial are to assess the feasibility of participant recruitment, retention, and adherence to the interventions, and key secondary outcomes are persisting pain and opioid use. DISCUSSION The results of this trial will determine the feasibility of conducting a definitive trial for the implementation of a multicomponent pain pathway to improve pain control and reduce harms using a coordinated approach, while keeping an emphasis on patient centred care and shared decision making. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospectively registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04968132).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Madden
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | | | | | - Anthony Adili
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lisa Carlesso
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Moin Khan
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Adrijana Krsmanovic
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Matilda Nowakowski
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tara Packham
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Eric Romeril
- Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Tarride
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Center for Health Economics and Policy Analyses, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Daniel M Tushinski
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences-Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Christine Wallace
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Harsha Shanthanna
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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15
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Noori A, Sadeghirad B, Thabane L, Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Busse JW. The GRADE Working Group and CINeMA approaches provided inconsistent certainty of evidence ratings for a network meta-analysis of opioids for chronic noncancer pain. J Clin Epidemiol 2024; 169:111276. [PMID: 38341047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessment of the certainty of evidence (CoE) from network meta-analysis is critical to convey the strength of inferences for clinical decision-making. Both the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) Working Group (GWG) and the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) framework have been designed to assess the CoE of treatment effects informed by network meta-analysis; however, the concordance of results is uncertain. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We assessed the CoE for treatment effects of individual opioids on pain relief and physical functioning from a network meta-analysis for chronic noncancer pain using the GWG approach and the CINeMA framework. Both approaches evaluate the CoE as high, moderate, low or very low. We quantified the number of discrepant CoE ratings between approaches and the magnitude of the difference (ie, one level, two levels, or three levels). RESULTS Across 105 comparisons among individual opioids for pain relief, the GWG and CINeMA approaches provided different CoE ratings in 34% of cases (36 of 105). Across 66 comparisons for physical functioning, there was discordance in 17% of cases (11 of 66). All discrepancies were separated by one level. The CINeMA framework typically provided lower CoE ratings compared to the GWG approach, predominantly because of differences in the assessment of transitivity and heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest there are differences between the CoE ratings provided by the GWG and CINeMA approaches when applied to network meta-analyses. Further research is needed to replicate or refute our findings in other network meta-analyses and assess the implications for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Noori
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; The Michael G. DeGroote National Pain Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Hand Program, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Affiliated with University of Toronto
| | - Behnam Sadeghirad
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason W Busse
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; The Michael G. DeGroote National Pain Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Zeraatkar D, Pitre T, Phillips M, Steel DH, Wykoff CC, Wong TY, Bhandari M, Chaudhary V. The ophthalmologist's guide to evaluating the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-02937-1. [PMID: 38316973 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dena Zeraatkar
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Pitre
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Phillips
- Department Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David H Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charles C Wykoff
- Retina Consultants of Texas (Retina Consultants of America), Houston, TX, USA
- Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Varun Chaudhary
- Department Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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17
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Sprague S, Slobogean G, Wells JL, O'Hara NN, Thabane L, Mullins CD, Harris AD, Wood A, Viskontas D, Apostle KL, O'Toole RV, Joshi M, Johal H, Al-Asiri J, Hymes RA, Gaski GE, Pilson HT, Carroll EA, Babcock S, Halvorson JJ, Romeo NM, Matson CA, Higgins TF, Marchand LS, Bergin PF, Morellato J, Van Demark RE, Potter GD, Gitajn IL, Chang G, Phelps KD, Kempton LB, Karunakar M, Jaeblon T, Demyanovich HK, Domes CM, Kuhn GR, Reilly RM, Gage MJ, Weaver MJ, von Keudell AG, Heng M, McTague MF, Alnasser A, Mehta S, Donegan DJ, Natoli RM, Szatkowski J, Scott AN, Shannon SF, Jeray KJ, Tanner SL, Marmor MT, Matityahu A, Fowler JT, Pierrie SN, Beltran MJ, Thomson CG, Lin CA, Moon CN, Scolaro JA, Amirhekmat A, Leonard J, Pogorzelski D, Bzovsky S, Heels-Ansdell D, Szasz OP, Gallant JL, Della Rocca GJ, Zura RD, Hebden JN, Patterson JT, Lee C, O'Hara LM, Marvel D, Palmer JE, Friedrich J, D'Alleyrand JCG, Rivera JC, Mossuto F, Schrank GM, Guyatt G, Devereaux PJ, Bhandari M. Skin Antisepsis before Surgical Fixation of Extremity Fractures. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:409-420. [PMID: 38294973 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2307679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating surgical-site infection have had conflicting results with respect to the use of alcohol solutions containing iodine povacrylex or chlorhexidine gluconate as skin antisepsis before surgery to repair a fractured limb (i.e., an extremity fracture). METHODS In a cluster-randomized, crossover trial at 25 hospitals in the United States and Canada, we randomly assigned hospitals to use a solution of 0.7% iodine povacrylex in 74% isopropyl alcohol (iodine group) or 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol (chlorhexidine group) as preoperative antisepsis for surgical procedures to repair extremity fractures. Every 2 months, the hospitals alternated interventions. Separate populations of patients with either open or closed fractures were enrolled and included in the analysis. The primary outcome was surgical-site infection, which included superficial incisional infection within 30 days or deep incisional or organ-space infection within 90 days. The secondary outcome was unplanned reoperation for fracture-healing complications. RESULTS A total of 6785 patients with a closed fracture and 1700 patients with an open fracture were included in the trial. In the closed-fracture population, surgical-site infection occurred in 77 patients (2.4%) in the iodine group and in 108 patients (3.3%) in the chlorhexidine group (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55 to 1.00; P = 0.049). In the open-fracture population, surgical-site infection occurred in 54 patients (6.5%) in the iodine group and in 60 patients (7.3%) in the chlorhexidine group (odd ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.27; P = 0.45). The frequencies of unplanned reoperation, 1-year outcomes, and serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with closed extremity fractures, skin antisepsis with iodine povacrylex in alcohol resulted in fewer surgical-site infections than antisepsis with chlorhexidine gluconate in alcohol. In patients with open fractures, the results were similar in the two groups. (Funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; PREPARE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03523962.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Sprague
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gerard Slobogean
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jeffrey L Wells
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Nathan N O'Hara
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Lehana Thabane
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - C Daniel Mullins
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Anthony D Harris
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Amber Wood
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Darius Viskontas
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Kelly L Apostle
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Robert V O'Toole
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Manjari Joshi
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Herman Johal
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jamal Al-Asiri
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Robert A Hymes
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Greg E Gaski
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Holly T Pilson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Eben A Carroll
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Sharon Babcock
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jason J Halvorson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Nicholas M Romeo
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Christopher A Matson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Thomas F Higgins
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Lucas S Marchand
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Patrick F Bergin
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - John Morellato
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Robert E Van Demark
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - G David Potter
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - I Leah Gitajn
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gerard Chang
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Kevin D Phelps
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Laurence B Kempton
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Madhav Karunakar
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Todd Jaeblon
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Haley K Demyanovich
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Christopher M Domes
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gabrielle R Kuhn
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Rachel M Reilly
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Mark J Gage
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Michael J Weaver
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Arvind G von Keudell
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Marilyn Heng
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Michael F McTague
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Ahmad Alnasser
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Samir Mehta
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Derek J Donegan
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Roman M Natoli
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jan Szatkowski
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Alesha N Scott
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Steven F Shannon
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Kyle J Jeray
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Stephanie L Tanner
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Meir T Marmor
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Amir Matityahu
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Justin T Fowler
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Sarah N Pierrie
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Michael J Beltran
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Cameron G Thomson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Carol A Lin
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Charles N Moon
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - John A Scolaro
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Arya Amirhekmat
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jordan Leonard
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - David Pogorzelski
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Sofia Bzovsky
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Olivia P Szasz
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jodi L Gallant
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gregory J Della Rocca
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Robert D Zura
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Joan N Hebden
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Joseph T Patterson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Christopher Lee
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Lyndsay M O'Hara
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Debra Marvel
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jana E Palmer
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jeff Friedrich
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jean-Claude G D'Alleyrand
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Jessica C Rivera
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Franca Mossuto
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gregory M Schrank
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - P J Devereaux
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.)
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Gjorgjievski M, Madden K, Bullen C, Koziarz F, Koziarz A, Cenic A, Li S, Bhandari M, Johal H. Perceptions in orthopedic surgery on the use of cannabis in treating pain: a survey of patients with spine pain (POSIT Spine). J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:97. [PMID: 38291451 PMCID: PMC10825977 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite guidelines discouraging opioids as first-line treatment, opioids remain the most prescribed drugs for back pain. There is renewed interest in exploring the potential medical applications of cannabis, and with the recent changes in national legislation there is a unique opportunity to investigate the analgesic properties of cannabis. METHODS This was a multi-center survey-based study examining patient perceptions regarding cannabis for spine pain. We included patients presenting with back or neck pain to one of three Orthopedic clinics in Ontario. Our primary outcome was perceived effect of cannabis on back pain, while secondary outcomes were perceptions regarding potential applications and barriers to cannabis use. RESULTS 259 patients participated in this study, 35.3% (90/255) stating they used cannabis medically. Average pain severity was 6.5/10 ± 0.3 (95% CI 6.2-6.8). Nearly three-quarters were prescribed opioids (73.6%, 148/201), with oxycodone/oxycontin (45.9% 68/148) being the most common, and almost half of (49.3%, 73/148) had used an opioid in the last week. Patients estimated cannabis could treat 54.3% ± 4.0 (95% CI 50.3-58.3%) of their spine pain and replace 46.2% ± 6. 6 (95% CI 39.6-52.8%) of their current analgesics. Age (β = - 0.3, CI - 0.6-0.0), higher pain severity (β = 0.4, CI 0.1-0.6) and previous cannabis use (β = 14.7, CI 5.1-24.4) were associated with a higher perceived effect of cannabis. Patients thought cannabis would be beneficial to treat pain (129/146, 88.4%), and reduce (116/146, 79.5%) or eliminate opioids (102/146, 69.9%). Not considering using cannabis for medical purposes (65/150, 43.3%) was the number one reported barrier. CONCLUSIONS Patients estimated medical cannabis could treat more than half of their spine pain, with one in three patients already using medical cannabis. 79% of patients also believe cannabis could reduce opioid usage. This data will help support more research into cannabis for musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Gjorgjievski
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Victory 3, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada.
| | - Kim Madden
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Conner Bullen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Frank Koziarz
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Koziarz
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aleksa Cenic
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster, University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Silvia Li
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Herman Johal
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Staibano P, Um K, Yu S, Bhandari M, Gupta MK, Au M, (Ted) Young JEM, Zhang H. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring in parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism: a protocol for a network meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. Front Surg 2024; 10:1298611. [PMID: 38239660 PMCID: PMC10794403 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1298611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (iPTH) monitoring is standard-of-care in the surgical management of hyperparathyroidism. It involves real-time determination of circulating PTH levels to guide parathyroid gland excision. There exists several iPTH monitoring criteria, such as the Miami criteria, and a lack of standardization in the timing of post-parathyroid gland excision samples. We present a protocol of a systematic review and network meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy to identify the iPTH criteria and post-gland excision timepoint that best predicts surgical cure in hyperparathyroidism. The database search strategy will be developed in conjunction with a librarian specialist. We will perform a search of Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL, Cochrane Collaboration, and Web of Science from 1990-present. Studies will be eligible if they include adult patients diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism who undergo parathyroidectomy with iPTH monitoring. We will only include studies that report diagnostic test properties for iPTH criteria and/or post-excision sampling timepoints. All screening, full-text review, data extraction, and critical appraisal will be performed in duplicate. Critical appraisal will be performed using QUADAS-2 instrument. A descriptive analysis will present study and critical appraisal characteristics. We will perform evaluation of between-study heterogeneity using I2 and Cochrane Q and where applicable, we will perform sensitivity analysis. Our network meta-analysis will include Bayesian hierarchical framework with random effects using multiple models. Ethics approval is not required. This proposed systematic review will utilize a novel Bayesian network meta-analysis model to help standardize iPTH monitoring in hyperparathyroidism, thereby optimizing patient outcomes and healthcare expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Staibano
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Um
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila Yu
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael K. Gupta
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Au
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - JEM (Ted) Young
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Han Zhang
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Gouveia K, Harbour E, Gazendam A, Bhandari M. Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures Under Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia: A Systematic Review. Hand (N Y) 2024; 19:58-67. [PMID: 35880346 PMCID: PMC10786102 DOI: 10.1177/15589447221109632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the available literature on fixation of distal radius fractures (DRFs) under wide-awake local anesthesia no-tourniquet (WALANT), and to examine postoperative pain scores and functional outcomes, operative data including operative time and blood loss, and the frequency of adverse events. METHODS Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS were searched from inception until May 2022 for relevant studies. Studies were screened in duplicate, and data on pain scores, functional outcomes, and adverse events were recorded. Due to methodological and statistical heterogeneity, the results are presented in a descriptive fashion. RESULTS Ten studies were included comprising 456 patients with closed, unilateral DRFs, of whom 226 underwent fixation under WALANT. These patients had a mean age of 52.8 ± 8.3 years, were 48% female, and had a mean follow-up time of 11.6 months (range: 6-24). Operative time for WALANT patients averaged 60.4 ± 6.5 minutes, with mean postoperative pain scores of 1.4 ± 0.6 on a 10-point scale. Studies that compared WALANT to general anesthesia found shorter hospital stays with most WALANT patients being sent home the same day, decreased postoperative pain scores, and decreased costs to the healthcare system. No adverse events were reported for WALANT patients. CONCLUSIONS A growing body of literature reports that for closed, unilateral DRF, surgical fixation under WALANT is a safe and effective option. It allows patients to have surgery sooner, with improved pain scores and good functional outcomes, with a very low incidence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Gouveia
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Harbour
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aaron Gazendam
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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21
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Lannon M, Duda T, Mastrolonardo A, Huang E, Martyniuk A, Farrokhyar F, Xie F, Bhandari M, Kalia SK, Sharma S. Economic Evaluations Comparing Deep Brain Stimulation to Best Medical Therapy for Movement Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. PharmacoEconomics 2024; 42:41-68. [PMID: 37751075 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement disorders (Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, primary dystonia) are a debilitating group of conditions that are progressive in nature. The mainstay of treatment is best medical therapy; however, a number of surgical therapies are available, including deep brain stimulation. Economic evaluations are an important aspect of evidence to inform decision makers regarding funding allocated to these therapies. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the cost effectiveness of including deep brain stimulation compared with best medical therapy for movement disorder indications in the adult population. METHODS Ovid Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were queried. Only economic evaluations reporting incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for including deep brain stimulation versus best medical therapy for movement disorders were included. Studies were reviewed in duplicate for inclusion and data abstraction. Data were harmonized using the Consumer Price Index and Purchasing Power Parity to standardize values to 2022 US dollars. For inclusion in meta-analyses, studies were required to have sufficient data available to calculate an estimate of the incremental net benefit. Meta-analyses of pooled incremental net benefit based on the time horizon were performed. The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022335436). RESULTS There were 2190 studies reviewed, with 14 economic evaluations included following a title/abstract and full-text review. Only studies considering Parkinson's disease were available for the meta-analysis. Quality of the identified studies was low, with moderate transferability to the American Healthcare System, and certainty of evidence was low. However, studies with a longer time horizon (15 years to lifetime) were found to have significant positive incremental net benefit (indicating cost effectiveness) for including deep brain stimulation with a mean difference of US$40,504.81 (95% confidence interval 2422.42-78,587.19). CONCLUSIONS Deep brain stimulation was cost effective for Parkinson's disease when considered over the course of the patient's remaining life after implantation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022335436).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lannon
- Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Taylor Duda
- Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ellissa Huang
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Martyniuk
- Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Forough Farrokhyar
- Department of Health, Evidence, Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health, Evidence, Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health, Evidence, Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sunjay Sharma
- Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health, Evidence, Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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22
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Ball CG, Harvey EJ, Bhandari M, Hameed SM. High performance in surgery. Can J Surg 2024; 67:E183-E184. [PMID: 38670582 PMCID: PMC11052577 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.004224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chad G Ball
- Coeditors-in-chief, CJS (Ball, Harvey); the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harvey); the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Bhandari); and the Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Hameed)
| | - Edward J Harvey
- Coeditors-in-chief, CJS (Ball, Harvey); the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harvey); the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Bhandari); and the Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Hameed)
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Coeditors-in-chief, CJS (Ball, Harvey); the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harvey); the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Bhandari); and the Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Hameed)
| | - S Morad Hameed
- Coeditors-in-chief, CJS (Ball, Harvey); the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Harvey); the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Bhandari); and the Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Hameed)
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Ferreira J, Joos E, Bhandari M, Dixon E, Brown CJ. Routine Sterile Glove and Instrument Change at the Time of Abdominal Wound Closure to Prevent Surgical Site Infection: Reviewing the ChEETAh Trial. J Am Coll Surg 2024; 238:139-143. [PMID: 37721383 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ferreira
- From the Harvey E Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada (Ferreira)
| | - Emilie Joos
- Division of General Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joos)
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Bhandari)
| | - Elijah Dixon
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (Dixon)
| | - Carl J Brown
- Division of General Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Brown)
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Ranawat A, Guo K, Phillips M, Guo A, Niazi F, Bhandari M, Waterman B. Health Economic Assessments of Hyaluronic Acid Treatments for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. Adv Ther 2024; 41:65-81. [PMID: 37899384 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyaluronic acid (HA) use to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been extensively investigated in the literature. There are also multiple economic assessments comparing intra-articular HAs with oral anti-inflammatory medicines and other conservative measures (NSAIDs), as well as different types and formulations of HA. Owing to the broad landscape of evidence across this area, it is important to further understand the empirical data comparing HA products, as well as the health economic implications that exist between commercially available HAs. This systematic review aims to identify and summarize the available evidence comparing commercially available HA products in the USA, as well as the health economic evidence and socioeconomic outcomes associated with HA use for knee OA. METHODS A systematic literature review within the OVID Medline, Embase, HealthStar, and Cochrane EBM HTA databases was conducted. Articles were screened for eligibility, and a qualitative summary of the findings was provided based on specific themes: (1) trials comparing the safety and/or efficacy of two or more HA products in knee OA, (2) economic/cost analyses of HA use in knee OA, and (3) studies investigating healthcare resource utilization in patients treated with HA for knee OA. RESULTS The search strategy identified 398 studies, 27 of which were deemed eligible: 21 health economic analyses with US relevance and six head-to-head trials of HA products available in the USA, cumulatively assessing 5,782,156 patients with knee OA. The evidence demonstrates a clear distinction between high and low molecular weight HAs, as both efficacy and cost analyses provided favorable results for the high molecular weight options. In all but one cost analysis, HA use was a cost-effective option when compared to routine nonoperative care, captured in administrative databases, which typically included NSAID use and/or corticosteroids. HA saw benefits in delaying the need for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), decreasing the use of rescue medication, and limiting the need for additional corticosteroid injection. The included evidence highlights that the treatment's cost-effectiveness is improved when HA is utilized in earlier stages of the disease, as opposed to when HA is reserved for late stages of knee OA. Additionally, among HAs, Bio-HA and Hylan G-F 20 evidence made up the majority of available literature with beneficial efficacy and cost outcomes. Head-to-head evidence between them indicated similar pain outcomes; however, Bio-HA required less rescue with acetaminophen and had fewer joint effusions in this comparison. CONCLUSIONS The available efficacy and safety data as well as health economic analyses on the use of HA for knee OA management suggest that there are economic benefits of this treatment option. From a healthcare system perspective, the body of HA literature summarizes favorable costs profile, decreased opioid and corticosteroid use as rescue medication, and a delay to the need for TKA in patients who have HA included in their treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Ranawat
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaiwen Guo
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA.
| | - Mark Phillips
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Guo
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA
| | - Faizan Niazi
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Waterman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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25
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Ball CG, Harvey EJ, Bhandari M, Hameed SM. Rendement élevé dans le domaine chirurgical. Can J Surg 2024; 67:E185-E187. [PMID: 38670583 PMCID: PMC11052578 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.004424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chad G Ball
- Corédacteurs en chef, CJS (Ball, Harvey); Département de chirurgie, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Ball); Département de chirurgie, Université McGill, Montréal, Qc (Harvey); Département de chirurgie, Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont. (Bhandari); Département de chirurgie, Université Stanford, Stanford, Calif. (Hameed)
| | - Edward J Harvey
- Corédacteurs en chef, CJS (Ball, Harvey); Département de chirurgie, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Ball); Département de chirurgie, Université McGill, Montréal, Qc (Harvey); Département de chirurgie, Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont. (Bhandari); Département de chirurgie, Université Stanford, Stanford, Calif. (Hameed)
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Corédacteurs en chef, CJS (Ball, Harvey); Département de chirurgie, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Ball); Département de chirurgie, Université McGill, Montréal, Qc (Harvey); Département de chirurgie, Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont. (Bhandari); Département de chirurgie, Université Stanford, Stanford, Calif. (Hameed)
| | - S Morad Hameed
- Corédacteurs en chef, CJS (Ball, Harvey); Département de chirurgie, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb. (Ball); Département de chirurgie, Université McGill, Montréal, Qc (Harvey); Département de chirurgie, Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont. (Bhandari); Département de chirurgie, Université Stanford, Stanford, Calif. (Hameed)
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Mathur W, Kosta S, Reddy M, Neto MG, Bhandari M. Effect of Swallow Balloon Therapy with the Combination of Semaglutide Oral Formulation: a Randomised Double-Blind Single-Centre Study. Obes Surg 2024; 34:198-205. [PMID: 38091192 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a significant public health issue; new therapies and pharmaceutical approaches to weight management are needed. OBJECTIVE This study assesses weight reduction efficacy in the novel swallow balloon procedure and semaglutide, both promising non-surgical and pharmaceutical options, addressing obesity's critical public health challenge. METHODS This was a computer-generated, blocked randomisation, double-blind, single-centre study. Fifty-seven participants were assigned to swallow balloon therapy group I (with semaglutide), and 58 were assigned to swallow balloon therapy group II (without semaglutide). All treatment doses were orally administered once daily (3 mg for the 1st month, 7 mg for the 2nd month, and 14 mg for the 3rd and 4th months after the placement of the swallow balloon). All the data were statistically analysed. RESULTS The groups were highly well-matched. The %TWL in group I was 7.9%, 12.5%, 15.2%, and 17.6% and in group II was 6.1%, 10.5%, 12.8%, and 13.7% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months, respectively. The most common adverse events (AEs) were nausea and vomiting, observed within the week. The resolution of T2DM, HTN, and OSA was 64.7% vs 55.5%, 64.3% vs 58.8%, and 72.0 vs 57.8% in groups I vs II, respectively. QoL significantly improved 4 months postoperatively in both groups. No major late complications occurred in either of the groups. CONCLUSION The study supports the efficacy of swallow balloon therapy combined with semaglutide oral formulation in promoting weight loss and improving comorbid conditions. The findings highlight the potential of this combined approach in managing obesity and its associated health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winni Mathur
- Mohak Bariatrics and Robotics Center, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore-Ujjain Highway, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453555, India
| | - Susmit Kosta
- Mohak Bariatrics and Robotics Center, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore-Ujjain Highway, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453555, India
| | - Manoj Reddy
- Mohak Bariatrics and Robotics Center, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore-Ujjain Highway, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453555, India
| | - Manoel Galvao Neto
- Mohak Bariatrics and Robotics Center, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore-Ujjain Highway, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453555, India
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Mohak Bariatrics and Robotics Center, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore-Ujjain Highway, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453555, India.
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Chang Y, Phillips MR, Guymer RH, Thabane L, Bhandari M, Chaudhary V. Correction: The 5 min meta-analysis: understanding how to read and interpret a forest plot. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3704. [PMID: 37156866 PMCID: PMC10686406 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- OrthoEvidence Inc., Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Mark R Phillips
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- OrthoEvidence Inc., Burlington, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Varun Chaudhary
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Ferkel E, Manjoo A, Martins D, Bhandari M, Sethi P, Nicholls M. Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid Treatments for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Product Properties. Cartilage 2023; 14:424-432. [PMID: 37314014 PMCID: PMC10807741 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231154530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are many intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IA-HA) products on the market that have known intrinsic differences in molecular size, source, and structure. The current review summarizes existing evidence describing and assessing these differences, while also identifying whether these differences have an impact on clinical outcomes. METHODS This systematic review summarized all literature that specifically addresses IA-HA product differences. Included studies summarized basic science and mechanism of action comparisons of IA-HA product differences, or systematic reviews that assess differences in clinical outcomes between IA-HA product differences. RESULTS A total of 20 investigations assessed basic science differences between IA-HA products, while 20 investigations provided assessments of the clinical outcome differences between IA-HA product characteristics. The published basic science literature provided a differentiation between low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) HA with regard to changes within the synovial fluid, driven by the interactions that these molecules have with receptors in the joint space. These differences in receptor interaction manifest within clinical outcomes, as meta-analyses comparing pain relief after IA-HA suggest that pain reduction is superior in patients who receive HMW HA as opposed to LMW HA. CONCLUSION This review highlights differences between IA-HA characteristics, and how important the molecular weight, derivation of the product, and structure are to variances in reported clinical outcomes to treat osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. HMW IA-HAs have shown greater efficacy compared to the alternative of LMW products, while avian-derived and cross-linked products have potentially demonstrated an increase in inflammatory events over non-avian-derived, non-cross-linked HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ferkel
- Southern California Orthopedic Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajay Manjoo
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Sethi
- Orthopedic & Neurosurgical Specialists, ONS Foundation, Greenwich, CT, USA
| | - Mathew Nicholls
- Virginia Mason Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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29
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McKechnie T, Tessier L, Archer V, Park L, Cohen D, Levac B, Parpia S, Bhandari M, Dionne J, Eskicioglu C. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols following emergency intra-abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2023:10.1007/s00068-023-02387-6. [PMID: 37985500 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols for patients undergoing emergency intra-abdominal surgery improve postoperative outcomes as compared to conventional care. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, WoS, CENTRAL, and Pubmed were searched from inception to December 2022. Articles were eligible if they were randomized controlled trials (RCT) or non-randomized studies comparing ERAS protocols to conventional care for patients undergoing emergency intra-abdominal surgery. The outcomes included postoperative length of stay (LOS), postoperative morbidity, prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI), and readmission. An inverse variance random effects meta-analysis was performed. A risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane tools. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. RESULTS After screening 1018 citations, 20 studies with 1615 patients in ERAS programs and 1933 patients receiving conventional care were included. There was a reduction in postoperative LOS in the ERAS group for patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery (MD3.35, 95% CI 2.52-4.17, p < 0.00001) and lower GI surgery (MD2.80, 95% CI 2.62-2.99, p < 0.00001). There was a reduction in postoperative morbidity in the ERAS group for patients undergoing upper GI surgery (RR0.56, 95% CI 0.30-1.02, p = 0.06) and lower GI surgery (RR 0.66, 95%CI 0.52-0.85, p = 0.001). In the upper and lower GI subgroup, there were nonsignificant reductions in PPOI in the ERAS groups (RR0.59, 95% CI 0.30-1.17, p = 0.13; RR0.49, 95% CI 0.21-1.14, p = 0.10). There was a nonsignificant increased risk of readmission in the ERAS group (RR1.60, 95% CI 0.57-4.50, p = 0.50). CONCLUSION There is low-to-very-low certainty evidence supporting the use ERAS protocols for patients undergoing emergency intra-abdominal surgery. The currently available data are limited by imprecision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler McKechnie
- Division of General Surgery Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Léa Tessier
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Archer
- Division of General Surgery Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lily Park
- Division of General Surgery Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dan Cohen
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan Levac
- Division of General Surgery Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Sameer Parpia
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Dionne
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- Division of General Surgery Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Chang Y, Wang L, Phillips MR, Wykoff CC, Garg SJ, Thabane L, Bhandari M, Chaudhary V. What makes a good survey? Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3299-3301. [PMID: 37029303 PMCID: PMC10630307 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- OrthoEvidence Inc, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark R Phillips
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Charles C Wykoff
- Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
- Retina Consultants of Texas (Retina Consultants of America), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunir J Garg
- MidAtlantic Retina, The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- OrthoEvidence Inc, Burlington, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Varun Chaudhary
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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A, Jayaraman S, Wei A, Coburn N, Wright F, Mallette K, Elnahas A, Alkhamesi N, Schlachta C, Hawel J, Tang E, Punnen S, Zhong J, Yang Y, Streith L, Yu J, Chung S, Kim P, Chartier-Plante S, Segedi M, Bleszynski M, White M, Tsang ME, Jayaraman S, Lam-Tin-Cheung K, Jayaraman S, Tsang M, Greene B, Pouramin P, Allen S, Evan Nelson D, Walsh M, Côté J, Rebolledo R, Borie M, Menaouar A, Landry C, Plasse M, Létourneau R, Dagenais M, Rong Z, Roy A, Beaudry-Simoneau E, Vandenbroucke-Menu F, Lapointe R, Ferraro P, Sarkissian SD, Noiseux N, Turcotte S, Haddad Y, Bernard A, Lafortune C, Brassard N, Roy A, Perreault C, Mayer G, Marcinkiewicz M, Mbikay M, Chrétien M, Turcotte S, Waugh E, Sinclair L, Glinka J, Shin E, Engelage C, Tang E, Skaro A, Muaddi H, Flemming J, Hansen B, Dawson L, O'Kane G, Feld J, Sapisochin G, Zhu A, Jayaraman S, Cleary S, Hamel A, Pigeon CA, Marcoux C, Ngo TQP, Deshaies I, Mansouri S, Amhis N, Léveillé M, Lawson C, Achard C, Ilkow C, Collin Y, Tai LH, Park L, Griffiths C, D'Souza D, Rodriguez F, McKechnie T, Serrano PE, Hennessey RL, Yang Y, Meneghetti AT, Panton ONM, Chiu CJ, Henao O, Netto FS, Mainprize M, Hennessey RL, Chiu CJ, Hennessey RL, Chiu CJ, Jatana S, Verhoeff K, Mocanu V, Jogiat U, Birch D, Karmali S, Switzer N, Hetherington A, Verhoeff K, Mocanu V, Birch D, Karmali S, Switzer N, Safar A, Al-Ghaithi N, Vourtzoumis P, Demyttenaere S, Court O, Andalib A, Wilson H, Verhoeff K, Dang J, Kung J, Switzer N, Birch D, Madsen K, Karmali S, Mocanu V, Wu T, He W, Vergis A, Hardy K, Zmudzinski M, Daenick F, Linton J, Zmudzinski M, Fowler-Woods M, He W, Fowler-Woods A, Shingoose G, Vergis A, Hardy K, Lee Y, Doumouras A, Molnar A, Nguyen F, Hong D, Schneider R, Fecso AB, Sharma P, Maeda A, Jackson T, Okrainec A, McLean C, Mocanu V, Birch D, Karmali S, Switzer N, MacVicar S, Dang J, Mocanu V, Verhoeff K, Jogiat U, Karmali S, Birch D, Switzer N, McLennan S, Verhoeff K, Purich K, Dang J, Kung J, Mocanu V, McLennan S, Verhoeff K, Mocanu V, Jogiat U, Birch DW, Karmali S, Switzer NJ, Jeffery L, Hwang H, Ryley A, Schellenberg M, Owattanapanich N, Emigh B, Nichols C, Dilday J, Ugarte C, Onogawa A, Matsushima K, Martin MJ, Inaba K, Schellenberg M, Emigh B, Nichols C, Dilday J, Ugarte C, Onogawa A, Shapiro D, Im D, Inaba K, Schellenberg M, Owattanapanich N, Ugarte C, Lam L, Martin MJ, Inaba K, Rezende-Neto J, Patel S, Zhang L, Mir Z, Lemke M, Leeper W, Allen L, Walser E, Vogt K, Ribeiro T, Bateni S, Bondzi-Simpson A, Coburn N, Hallet J, Barabash V, Barr A, Chan W, Hakim SY, El-Menyar A, Rizoli S, Al-Thani H, Mughal HN, Bhugio M, Gok MA, Khan UA, Warraich A, Gillman L, Ziesmann M, Momic J, Yassin N, Kim M, Makish A, Walser E, Smith S, Ball I, Moffat B, Parry N, Vogt K, Lee A, Kroeker J, Evans D, Fansia N, Notik C, Wong EG, Coyle G, Seben D, Smith J, Tanenbaum B, Freedman C, Nathens A, Fowler R, Patel P, Elrick T, Ewing M, Di Marco S, Razek T, Grushka J, Wong EG, Park LJ, Borges FK, Nenshi R, Serrano PE, Engels P, Vogt K, Di Sante E, Vincent J, Tsiplova K, Devereaux PJ, Talwar G, Dionne J, McKechnie T, Lee Y, Kazi T, El-Sayes A, Bogach J, Hong D, Eskicioglu C, Connell M, Klooster A, Beck J, Verhoeff K, Strickland M, Anantha R, Groszman L, Caminsky NG, Watt L, Boulanger N, Razek T, Grushka J, Di Marco S, Wong EG, Livergant R, McDonald B, Binda C, Luthra S, Ebert N, Falk R, Joos E. 2023 Canadian Surgery Forum: Sept. 20-23, 2023. Can J Surg 2023; 66:S54-S136. [PMID: 38173057 PMCID: PMC10718225 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.014223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Brière
- From Université Laval (Brière, Émond, Blanchard, Drolet) and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (Benhamed)
| | - Marce Émond
- From Université Laval (Brière, Émond, Blanchard, Drolet) and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (Benhamed)
| | - Axel Benhamed
- From Université Laval (Brière, Émond, Blanchard, Drolet) and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (Benhamed)
| | - Pierre-Gilles Blanchard
- From Université Laval (Brière, Émond, Blanchard, Drolet) and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (Benhamed)
| | - Sébastien Drolet
- From Université Laval (Brière, Émond, Blanchard, Drolet) and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (Benhamed)
| | - Rogeh Habashi
- From the University of Toronto (Habashi, Golbon, Pasternak) and Queen's University (Shellenberger)
| | - Bahar Golbon
- From the University of Toronto (Habashi, Golbon, Pasternak) and Queen's University (Shellenberger)
| | - Jonas Shellenberger
- From the University of Toronto (Habashi, Golbon, Pasternak) and Queen's University (Shellenberger)
| | - Jesse Pasternak
- From the University of Toronto (Habashi, Golbon, Pasternak) and Queen's University (Shellenberger)
| | - Shaila Merchant
- From Queen's University (Merchant, La, Sawhney, Brogly) and ICES Queen's (Shellenberger, Brogly)
| | - Jonas Shellenberger
- From Queen's University (Merchant, La, Sawhney, Brogly) and ICES Queen's (Shellenberger, Brogly)
| | - Julie La
- From Queen's University (Merchant, La, Sawhney, Brogly) and ICES Queen's (Shellenberger, Brogly)
| | - Monakshi Sawhney
- From Queen's University (Merchant, La, Sawhney, Brogly) and ICES Queen's (Shellenberger, Brogly)
| | - Susan Brogly
- From Queen's University (Merchant, La, Sawhney, Brogly) and ICES Queen's (Shellenberger, Brogly)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Lund
- From Western University and London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Jeffrey Hawel
- From Western University and London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Jamie Gregor
- From Western University and London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Ken Leslie
- From Western University and London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Tori Lenet
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Daniel McIsaac
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Julie Hallet
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Angela Jerath
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Manoj Lalu
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Stuart Nicholls
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Justin Presseau
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Alan Tinmouth
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Michael Verret
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Christopher Wherrett
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Dean Fergusson
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Guillaume Martel
- From the University of Ottawa (Lenet, McIsaac, Lalu, Tinmouth, Wherrett, Martel), University of Toronto (Hallet, Jerath), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Nicholls, Presseau, Fergusson), and Université Laval (Verret)
| | - Sahil Sharma
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Gaurav Talwar
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Janhavi Patel
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Luke Heimann
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Sharma, McKechnie, Talwar, Patel, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Christine Wang
- From University of Calgary (Wang), University of British Columbia (Guo, Davis), and University of the Fraser Valley (Huang, Sun)
| | - Michael Guo
- From University of Calgary (Wang), University of British Columbia (Guo, Davis), and University of the Fraser Valley (Huang, Sun)
| | - Longlong Huang
- From University of Calgary (Wang), University of British Columbia (Guo, Davis), and University of the Fraser Valley (Huang, Sun)
| | - Shaun Sun
- From University of Calgary (Wang), University of British Columbia (Guo, Davis), and University of the Fraser Valley (Huang, Sun)
| | - Noelle Davis
- From University of Calgary (Wang), University of British Columbia (Guo, Davis), and University of the Fraser Valley (Huang, Sun)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyo Jin Son
- From the University of Toronto (Son, Gomez, Jung) and Massachusetts General Hospital (Gee)
| | - Denise Gee
- From the University of Toronto (Son, Gomez, Jung) and Massachusetts General Hospital (Gee)
| | - David Gomez
- From the University of Toronto (Son, Gomez, Jung) and Massachusetts General Hospital (Gee)
| | - James Jung
- From the University of Toronto (Son, Gomez, Jung) and Massachusetts General Hospital (Gee)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alicia Follett
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland (Follett, Dempster, Organ, Pace) and Eastern Health (Dempster, Organ, Pace)
| | - Holly
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland (Follett, Dempster, Organ, Pace) and Eastern Health (Dempster, Organ, Pace)
| | - Michael Organ
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland (Follett, Dempster, Organ, Pace) and Eastern Health (Dempster, Organ, Pace)
| | - David Pace
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland (Follett, Dempster, Organ, Pace) and Eastern Health (Dempster, Organ, Pace)
| | - Saba Balvardi
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Pepa Kaneva
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Koorosh Semsar-Kazerooni
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Carmen Mueller
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Melina Vassiliou
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Mohammed Al Mahroos
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Julio F Fiore
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Kevin Schwartzman
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Liane Feldman
- From McGill University (Balvardi, Kaneva, Mueller, Vassiliou, Al Mahroos, Fiore Jr., Feldman), the Steinberg-Berstein Centrer for Minimally Invasice Surgery and Innovation (Kaneva, Semsar-Kazerooni), McGill University Health Centre ( Semsar-Kazerooni) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Cetnrer (Schwartzman)
| | - Michael Guo
- From the University of British Columbia (Guo, Karimuddin, Liu, Sutherland), St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin), and University of Calgary (Crump)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia (Guo, Karimuddin, Liu, Sutherland), St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin), and University of Calgary (Crump)
| | - Gui Ping Liu
- From the University of British Columbia (Guo, Karimuddin, Liu, Sutherland), St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin), and University of Calgary (Crump)
| | - Trafford Crump
- From the University of British Columbia (Guo, Karimuddin, Liu, Sutherland), St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin), and University of Calgary (Crump)
| | - Jason Sutherland
- From the University of British Columbia (Guo, Karimuddin, Liu, Sutherland), St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin), and University of Calgary (Crump)
| | - Kala Hickey
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Erin M Bonisteel
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Jurgienne Umali
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Ibrahim Dogar
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Geoffrey Warden
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Darrell Boone
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Alexander Mathieson
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Michael Hogan
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - David Pace
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hickey, Bonisteel, Umali, Dogar, Warden, Boone, Mathieson, Hogan, Pace)
| | - Nieve Seguin
- From the University of Ottawa (Seguin, Best) and The Ottawa Hospital (Moloo, Li)
| | - Husein Moloo
- From the University of Ottawa (Seguin, Best) and The Ottawa Hospital (Moloo, Li)
| | - Yiran Li
- From the University of Ottawa (Seguin, Best) and The Ottawa Hospital (Moloo, Li)
| | - Gordon Best
- From the University of Ottawa (Seguin, Best) and The Ottawa Hospital (Moloo, Li)
| | - Rachel Leong
- From the University of British Columbia (Leong, Wiseman) and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - Sam Wiseman
- From the University of British Columbia (Leong, Wiseman) and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Roy Hajjar
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Evelyne Wassef
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | | | - François Dagbert
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Rasmy Loungnarath
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Richard Ratelle
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Frank Schwenter
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Éric Debroux
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Ramses Wassef
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | | | - Alfons Pomp
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Carole S Richard
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Herawaty Sebajang
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Université de Montréal
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Roy Hajjar
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - François Dagbert
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Rasmy Loungnarath
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Herawaty Sebajang
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Richard Ratelle
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Frank Schwenter
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Éric Debroux
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Ramses Wassef
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Marianne Gagnon-Konamna
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Alfons Pomp
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Manuela M Santos
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | - Carole S Richard
- From the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Richard), the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Alaoui, Hajjar, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Ratelle, Schwenter, Debroux, Wassef, Gagnon-Konamna, Pomp, Santos, Richard)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michal Pillar
- From the University of British Columbia (Pillar, Guo, Manhas), and St. Paul's Hospital (Melck)
| | - Michael Guo
- From the University of British Columbia (Pillar, Guo, Manhas), and St. Paul's Hospital (Melck)
| | - Neraj Manhas
- From the University of British Columbia (Pillar, Guo, Manhas), and St. Paul's Hospital (Melck)
| | - Adrienne Melck
- From the University of British Columbia (Pillar, Guo, Manhas), and St. Paul's Hospital (Melck)
| | - Tania Kazi
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Ghazal Jessani
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Luke Heimann
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Kazi, McKechnie, Jessani, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu) and Liberty University (Heimann)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kara Nadeau
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Jennifer Macmillan
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Jaime Wilson
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Madeleine Deschenes
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Aruba Nurullah
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Caitlin Cahill
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (Nadeau, Macmillan, Wilson, Deschenes, Nurullah, Cahill), Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare (Macmillan), Health Sciences North (Cahill), and Northeastern Ontario Rectal and Colong Specialists (Cahill)
| | - Victoria H Chen
- From St. Paul's Hospital (Chen, Wiseman) and University of British Columbia (Chen, Patterson, Wiseman)
| | - Keiko M Patterson
- From St. Paul's Hospital (Chen, Wiseman) and University of British Columbia (Chen, Patterson, Wiseman)
| | - Sam M Wiseman
- From St. Paul's Hospital (Chen, Wiseman) and University of British Columbia (Chen, Patterson, Wiseman)
| | - Betty Wen
- From the University of British Columbia (Wen, Barton), Georgetown Publish Hospital Corporation (Bhudial), and Royal Inland Hospital (Barton)
| | - Joshua Bhudial
- From the University of British Columbia (Wen, Barton), Georgetown Publish Hospital Corporation (Bhudial), and Royal Inland Hospital (Barton)
| | - Anise Barton
- From the University of British Columbia (Wen, Barton), Georgetown Publish Hospital Corporation (Bhudial), and Royal Inland Hospital (Barton)
| | - Jessica Lie
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie) and Hebrew SeniorLife (Park, Yang, Gouskova, Kim)
| | - Chan Mi Park
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie) and Hebrew SeniorLife (Park, Yang, Gouskova, Kim)
| | - Laiji Yang
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie) and Hebrew SeniorLife (Park, Yang, Gouskova, Kim)
| | - Natalia Gouskova
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie) and Hebrew SeniorLife (Park, Yang, Gouskova, Kim)
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie) and Hebrew SeniorLife (Park, Yang, Gouskova, Kim)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Victoria Archer
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | - Zacharie Cloutier
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | - Annie Berg
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | - Wojtek Wiercioch
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Archer, Cloutier, Berg, McKechnie, Wiercioch, Eskicioglu) and St. Joseph Health (Eskicioglu)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alisha R Fernandes
- From Dalhousie University ( Fernandes, Ellsmere) and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hossain)
| | - Intekhab Hossain
- From Dalhousie University ( Fernandes, Ellsmere) and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hossain)
| | - James Ellsmere
- From Dalhousie University ( Fernandes, Ellsmere) and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Hossain)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Karpinski
- From the University of Toronto (Karpinski), St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman), Providence Health Care (Ghuman), University of British Columbia (Ghuman), and McGill University (Malik)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of Toronto (Karpinski), St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman), Providence Health Care (Ghuman), University of British Columbia (Ghuman), and McGill University (Malik)
| | - Peter R A Malik
- From the University of Toronto (Karpinski), St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman), Providence Health Care (Ghuman), University of British Columbia (Ghuman), and McGill University (Malik)
| | - Kameela Alibhai
- From the University of Ottawa (Alibhai, Raîche, Gawad), University of British Columbia (Zabolotniuk)
| | - Taryn Zabolotniuk
- From the University of Ottawa (Alibhai, Raîche, Gawad), University of British Columbia (Zabolotniuk)
| | - Isabelle Raîche
- From the University of Ottawa (Alibhai, Raîche, Gawad), University of British Columbia (Zabolotniuk)
| | - Nada Gawad
- From the University of Ottawa (Alibhai, Raîche, Gawad), University of British Columbia (Zabolotniuk)
| | - Sarah Mashal
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Nathalie Boulanger
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Larry Watt
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Tarek Razek
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Paola Fata
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Jeremy Grushka
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | - Evan G Wong
- From McGill University (Mashal, Razek, Fata, Grushka, Wong), Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik (Boulanger), and Tulattavik Health Center (Watt)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cullen Kim
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | | | - David Pace
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | - Robin Wigen
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Emily Walser
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Jacob Davidson
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Michael Dorward
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Leanne Muszynski
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Celia Dann
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Natashia Seemann
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Jennifer Lam
- From the Children's Hospital at Longon Health Sciences Centre (Wigen), and London Health Sciences Centre (Walser, Davidson, Dorward, Muszynski, Dann, Seemann, Lam)
| | - Kaitlyn Harding
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding), University of British Columbia (Lowik, Guinard, Wiseman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - A J Lowik
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding), University of British Columbia (Lowik, Guinard, Wiseman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - Caroline Guinard
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding), University of British Columbia (Lowik, Guinard, Wiseman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - Sam Wiseman
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding), University of British Columbia (Lowik, Guinard, Wiseman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Wiseman)
| | - Odelle Ma
- From the University of Albberta (Ma, Mocanu, Lin, Bigam), and the Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation, Royal Alexandra Hospital (Karmali)
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- From the University of Albberta (Ma, Mocanu, Lin, Bigam), and the Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation, Royal Alexandra Hospital (Karmali)
| | - Andrea Lin
- From the University of Albberta (Ma, Mocanu, Lin, Bigam), and the Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation, Royal Alexandra Hospital (Karmali)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the University of Albberta (Ma, Mocanu, Lin, Bigam), and the Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation, Royal Alexandra Hospital (Karmali)
| | - David Bigam
- From the University of Albberta (Ma, Mocanu, Lin, Bigam), and the Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation, Royal Alexandra Hospital (Karmali)
| | - Kaitlyn Harding
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Grant Greaves
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Brent Parker
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Vu Nguyen
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Azim Ahmed
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Belinda Yee
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Joël Perren
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Mathew Norman
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Morgan Grey
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Rafael Perini
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Fahd Jowhari
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Adrian Bak
- From Memorial University of Newfoundland (Harding, Perren), University of Alberta Hospital (Greaves), Provincial Health Services Authority (Parker), University of British Columbia (Nguyen, Ahmed, Norman), University of Saskatoon (Yee), Kelowna Gastroenterology Associates (Grey), and Kelowna General Hospital (Perini, Jowhari, Bak)
| | - Jeremy Drung
- From Western University (Drung, Wiseman, Moffat), and London Health Sciences Centre (Allen, Wiseman, Moffat)
| | - Laura Allen
- From Western University (Drung, Wiseman, Moffat), and London Health Sciences Centre (Allen, Wiseman, Moffat)
| | - Daniele Wiseman
- From Western University (Drung, Wiseman, Moffat), and London Health Sciences Centre (Allen, Wiseman, Moffat)
| | - Bradley Moffat
- From Western University (Drung, Wiseman, Moffat), and London Health Sciences Centre (Allen, Wiseman, Moffat)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lily J Park
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Flavia K Borges
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Rahima Nenshi
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Michael Jacka
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Marko Simunovic
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Jessica Bogach
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Pablo E Serrano
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - Lehana Thabane
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | - P J Devereaux
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Heels-Ansdell, Simunovic, Bogach, Serrano, Thabane, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Devereaux), and University of Alberta (Jacka)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gordon Best
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - San Ahn
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Lisa Zhang
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Nicole Prince
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Olivia Cheng-Boivin
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Nieve Seguin
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Harry Wang
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Liam Quartermain
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Sherry Tan
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Jennifer Shamess
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Mathilde Simard
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Humberto Vigil
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Isabelle Raîche
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Mary Hanna
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Husein Moloo
- From the University of Ottawa (Best, Ahn, Zhang, Prince, Cheng-Boivin, Seguin, Wang, Quartermain, Tan, Simard, Vigil, Raîche, Hanna, Moloo), and The Ottawa Hospital (Shamess)
| | - Riordan Azam
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Gary Ko
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Mayanne Zhu
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Yanuga Raveendran
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Christine Lam
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Janet Tang
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Amrit Bajwa
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Marina Englesakis
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Emma Reel
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Jordan Cleland
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Laura Snell
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Gianni Lorello
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Tulin Cil
- From the University of Toronto (Azam, Ko, Zhu, Tang, Englesakis, Snell, Lorello, Cil), Western University (Raveendran), McMaster University (Lam), University of Galway (Bajwa), University Health Network (Reel, Cleland, Lorello, Cil), Toronto Western Hospital (Lorello), The Wilson Centrer, Toronto General Hospital (Lorello), and Women's College Research Institute (Lorello)
| | - Hilalion San Ahn
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Catherine Dube
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Daniel McIsaac
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - David Smith
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Alexie Leclerc
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Jennifer Shamess
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Alaa Rostom
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Natalia Calo
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Kednapa Thavorn
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Husein Moloo
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), University of Ottawa (Ahn, Dube, McIsaac, Leclerc, Rostom, Calo, Moloo), North York General Hospital (Smith), Champlain Region Cancer Care Patient and Family Committee (Shamess), and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Thavorn)
| | - Simon Laplante
- From the University of Toronto and University Health Network
| | - Louis Liu
- From the University of Toronto and University Health Network
| | - Nadia Khan
- From the University of Toronto and University Health Network
| | - Allan Okrainec
- From the University of Toronto and University Health Network
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ilinca Georgescu
- From Dalhousie University (Georgescu), and Rose City Endoscopy (Khokhotva)
| | | | - Gaurav Talwar
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Sahil Sharma
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Shuling Yang
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Jigish Khamar
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Sharma, McKechnie, Yang, Khamar, Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Doumouras, Eskicioglu)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Muncner
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Mo Yu Li
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Igor Mihajlovic
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Mark Dykstra
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Ryan Snelgrove
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Haili Wang
- From the University of Alberta (Muncner, Mihajlovic, Dykstra, Snelgrove, Wang), and Memorial University of Newfoundland (Li)
| | - Christina Schweitzer
- From the University of British Columbia (Schweitzer, Wiseman), St. Paul's Hospital (Schweitzer, Wiseman), and Queen's University (Garcha)
| | - Sam M Wiseman
- From the University of British Columbia (Schweitzer, Wiseman), St. Paul's Hospital (Schweitzer, Wiseman), and Queen's University (Garcha)
| | - Ivneet Garcha
- From the University of British Columbia (Schweitzer, Wiseman), St. Paul's Hospital (Schweitzer, Wiseman), and Queen's University (Garcha)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kerrie A Sullivan
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Forough Farrokhyar
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Yogita S Patel
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Moishe Liberman
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Simon R Turner
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Anne V Gonzalez
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Rahul Nayak
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | - Wael C Hanna
- From McMaster University (Sullivan, Farrokhyar, Patel, Hanna), Université de Montréal (Liberman), University of Alberta (Turner), McGill University (Gonzalez), Western University (Nayak), and University of Toronto (Yasufuku)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pier-Luc Haché
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Geraud Galvaing
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Serge Simard
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Jocelyn Grégoire
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Jean Bussières
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Yves Lacasse
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Sami Sassi
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Catherine Champagne
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Anne-Sophie Laliberté
- From the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Université Laval (Haché, Simard, Grégoire, Bussières, Lacasse, Champagne, Laliberté), Clermont-Auvergne University (Galvaing), and Saint-Jerome Regional Hospital (Sassi)
| | - Jin Yong Jeong
- From the Incheon St. Mary's Hospital and The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Uzair Jogiat
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Hillary Wilson
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Alexandre Bédard
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Pam Blakely
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Jerry Dang
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Warren Sun
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Eric L R Bédard
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Clarence Wong
- From the University of Alberta (Jogiat, Wilson, Bédard, Sun, Karmali, Bédard, Wong), Alberta Health Services (Blakely), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Suhail Yaqoob Hakim
- From the Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, Azizi, El- Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Samim Azizi
- From the Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, Azizi, El- Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- From the Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, Azizi, El- Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Sandro Rizoli
- From the Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, Azizi, El- Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- From the Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, Azizi, El- Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Alisha R Fernandes
- From Dalhousie University (Fernandes, French, Ellsmere), and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Li)
| | - Daniel French
- From Dalhousie University (Fernandes, French, Ellsmere), and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Li)
| | - Chao Li
- From Dalhousie University (Fernandes, French, Ellsmere), and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Li)
| | - James Ellsmere
- From Dalhousie University (Fernandes, French, Ellsmere), and Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Li)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adom Bondzi-Simpson
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Tiago Ribeiro
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Biniam Kidane
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Michael Ko
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Natalie Coburn
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Girish Kulkarni
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | - Julie Hallet
- From the University of Toronto (Bondzi-Simpson, Ribeiro, Ko, Coburn, Kulkarni, Hallet), and University of Manitoba (Kidane)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bright Huo
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Daria Manos
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Zhaolin Xu
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Katerina-Maria Kontouli
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Samuel Chun
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - John Fris
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Allison M R Wallace
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Daniel G French
- From Dalhousie University (Huo, Manos, Xu, Chun, Fris, Wallace, French), University of Ioannina (Kontouli)
| | - Catherine Giffin
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Moishe Liberman
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Gabriel Dayan
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Anne-Sophie Laliberté
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Alexander Farivar
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Biniam Kidane
- From the University of Manitoba (Giffin, Kidane), Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (Liberman), Université de Montréal (Dayan), Centre Hospitalier Affilé Universitaire de Québec (Laliberté), Toronto General Hospital (Yasufuku), and the Swedish Medical Centre (Farivar)
| | - Cara Weessies
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Madeline Robinson
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Leeann Bednarek
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Gordon Buduhan
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Richard Liu
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Lawrence Tan
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Sadeesh K Srinathan
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | - Biniam Kidane
- From the University of Manitoba (Weessies, Robinson, Bednarek, Buduhan, Liu, Tan, Srinathan, Kidane), and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute (Kidane)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roy Hilzenrat
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Maurice Blitz
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Shaun Deen
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Michael Humer
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Anand Jugnauth
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Gordon Buduhan
- From the University of British Columbia (Hilzenrat), and Kelowna General Hospital (Blitz, Deen, Humer, Jugnauth, Buduhan)
| | - Laura Kerr
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine
| | - Simon Sun
- From the Northern Ontario School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Brandon Loshusan
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Arefin Shamsil
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Michael D Naish
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Mehdi Qiabi
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Rahul Nayak
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Rajni Patel
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | - Richard Malthaner
- From the London Health Sciences Centre (Loshusan, Qiabi, Nayak, Malthaner), and Western University (Shamsil, Naish, Patel)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sami Aftab Abdul
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Francois Khazoom
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Katherine Aw
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Rebecca Lau
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Sebastien Gilbert
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Sudhir Sundaresan
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Daniel Jones
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Andrew J E Seely
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Patrick J Villeneuve
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | - Donna E Maziak
- From The Ottawa Hospital (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Carleton University (Abdul), University of Ottawa (Abdul, Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Khazoom, Aw, Lau, Gilbert, Sundaresan, Jones, Seely, Villeneuve, Maziak)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lea Tessier
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Lily Park
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Nirupa Gangam
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Tessier, McKechnie, Lee, Park, Gangam, Eskicioglu), and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton (Gangam, Eskicioglu)
| | - Zacharie Cloutier
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Victoria Archer
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Lily Park
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Jay Lee
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Ashaka Patel
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University ( Cloutier, McKechnie, Archer, Park, Hong, Eskicioglu), University of Calgary (Lee), and Western University (Patel)
| | - Simarpreet Ichhpuniani
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Geoffrey Elder
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Andrew Chen
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Kathleen Logie
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Randy Benko
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Ichhpuniani, McKechnie, Elder, Chen, Benko), and St. Joseph Healthcare (Logie, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Matthew Castelo
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Lawrence Paszat
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Bettina Hansen
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Adena Scheer
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Neil Faught
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Lena Nguyen
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | - Nancy Baxter
- From the University of Toronto (Castelo, Paszat, Hansen, Scheer, Baxter), and ICES (Faught, Nguyen)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Jigish Khamar
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Anjali Sachdeva
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (McKechnie, Khamar, Lee, Hong, Eskicioglu), and University of Toronto (Sachdeva)
| | - Linda Y N Fei
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Antonio Caycedo
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Sunil Patel
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Teodora Popa
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Lee Boudreau
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Andrea Grin
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Tao Wang
- From Queen's University (Fei, Patel, Popa, Boudreau, Grin, Wang), and the Orlando Health Colon $ Rectal Institute (Caycedo)
| | - Jessica Lie
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Carl Brown
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Terry Phang
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Manoj Raval
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of British Columbia (Lie), and St. Paul's Hospital (Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Balmes
- From University of British Columbia (Balmes, Phang, Guo, Liu), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang)
| | - Terry Phang
- From University of British Columbia (Balmes, Phang, Guo, Liu), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang)
| | - Michael Guo
- From University of British Columbia (Balmes, Phang, Guo, Liu), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang)
| | - Jerry Liu
- From University of British Columbia (Balmes, Phang, Guo, Liu), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang)
| | - Haven Roy
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Sandra Webber
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Farhana Shariff
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Ramzi M Helewa
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Dave Hochman
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Jason Park
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Garrett Johnson
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | - Eric Hyun
- From the University of Manitoba (Roy, Webber, Shariff, Helewa, Hochman, Johnson, Hyun), and University of British Columbia (Park)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Hu
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Ariane Lacaille-Ranger
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - San Ahn
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Mihaela Tudorache
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Husein Moloo
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Lara Williams
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Isabelle Raîche
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Reilly Musselman
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ahn, Tudorache, Moloo, Williams, Raîche, Musselman), and Université de Montréal (Lacaille-Ranger)
| | - Maddy Lemke
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | - Laura Allen
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | - Nadeesha Samarasinghe
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | - Kelly Vogt
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | - Muriel Brackstone
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | - Terry Zwiep
- From Western University (Lemke, Allen, Vogt, Brackstone, Zwiep), and University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jerry Liu
- From the University of British Columbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Chen
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Marylise Boutros
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Natasha Caminsky
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Teodora Dumitra
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Sarah Faris-Sabboobeh
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Marie Demian
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Georgia Rigas
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Chen, Boutros, Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian, Rigas), and McGill University Health Centre (Caminsky, Dumitra)
| | - Olivia Monton
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Allister Smith
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Jeongyoon Moon
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Marie Demian
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Richard Garfinkle
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Carol-Ann Vasilevsky
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Fateme Rajabiyazdi
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Marylise Boutros
- From McMaster University (Monton), Western University (Smith), McGill University (Moon, Garfinkle), Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Demian, Vasilevsky, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | | | | | | | - Kala Hickey
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Pace
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | | | - Jeongyoon Moon
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Ebram Salama
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Anna Wang
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Mylène Arsenault
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Nathalie Leon
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Carmen Loiselle
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Fatemeh Rajabiyazdi
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | - Marylise Boutros
- From the McGill University Health Centre (Moon), McGill University (Salama, Wang, Arsenault, Leon, Loiselle, Boutros), and Carleton University (Rajabiyazdi)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neyla Boukhili
- From McGill University ( Boukhili, Caminsky, Boutros), and the Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian)
| | - Natasha Caminsky
- From McGill University ( Boukhili, Caminsky, Boutros), and the Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian)
| | - Sarah Faris-Sabboobeh
- From McGill University ( Boukhili, Caminsky, Boutros), and the Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian)
| | - Marie Demian
- From McGill University ( Boukhili, Caminsky, Boutros), and the Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian)
| | - Marylise Boutros
- From McGill University ( Boukhili, Caminsky, Boutros), and the Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital (Faris-Sabboobeh, Demian)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Terry Zwiep
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Deborah Abner
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Tarik Alam
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Elaine Beyer
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Michele Evans
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Mary Hill
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Debra Johnston
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Karla Lohnes
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Svea Menard
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Nicole Pitcher
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Kelly Sair
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Bev Smith
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Bonita Yarjau
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Kimberly LeBlanc
- From Western University (Zwiep), CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Îlede-Montréal (Abner), Hollister Canada (Alam), Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg (Beyer, Yarjau), Misericordia Community Hospital (Evans), Alberta Health Services (Hill, Sair, Smith), Toronto General Hospital (Johnston), IWK Health Centre (Lohnes), Interior Health Authority ( Menard), Central Newfoundland Regional Health Centre (Pitcher), and Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence Canada (LeBlanc)
| | - Nadeesha Samarasinghe
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Ahmer A Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Carl J Brown
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - P Terry Phang
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Manoj J Raval
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Karen MacDonell
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of British Columbia (Samarasinghe, Karimuddin, Brown, Phang, Raval, Ghuman), and College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (MacDonell)
| | - Alexandra Harvey
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - P Terry Phang
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Carl J Brown
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Manoj J Raval
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of British Columbia (Harvey, Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Phang, Karimuddin, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ameer Farooq
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Sunil Patel
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Hugh Macdonald
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Manoj Raval
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - P Terry Phang
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | - Carl Brown
- From Queen's University (Farooq, Patel, Macdonald), and St. Paul's Hospital (Ghuman, Karimuddin, Raval, Phang, Brown)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Ricci
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Sunil Patel
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Kelly Brennan
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Vanessa Wiseman
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Chad McClintock
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Weidong Kong
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Ameer Farooq
- From the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Ricci, Patel, Brennan, Farooq), and Queen's University (Wiseman, McClintock, Kong)
| | - Rohan Kakkar
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - Olivia Hershorn
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - Manoj Raval
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - P Terry Phang
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | - Carl Brown
- From the University of British Columbia ( Kakkar, Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown), and St. Paul's Hospiral (Hershorn, Raval, Phang, Karimuddin, Ghuman, Brown)
| | | | | | | | - Roy Hajjar
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Gabriela Fragoso
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Manon Oliero
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Hervé Vennin Rendos
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Souad Djediai
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Thibault Cuisiniere
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Patrick Laplante
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Claire Gerkins
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Ayodeji Samuel Ajayi
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Khoudia Diop
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Nassima Taleb
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Sophie Thérien
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Frédéricke Schampaert
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Hefzi Alratrout
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - François Dagbert
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Rasmy Loungnarath
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Herawaty Sebajang
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Frank Schwenter
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Ramses Wassef
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Richard Ratelle
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Éric Debroux
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Jean-François Cailhier
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Bertrand Routy
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Borhane Annabi
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Nicholas J B Brereton
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Carole Richard
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Manuela M Santos
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Fragoso, Oliero, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Cuisiniere, Laplante, Gerkins, Ajayi, Diop, Routy, Santos), the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Taleb, Thérien, Schampaert, Alratrout, Dagbert, Loungnarath, Sebajang, Schwenter, Wassef, Ratelle, Debroux, Richard), Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Cailhier, Brereton, Santos), McGill University (Gonzalez), and Université du Québec à Montréal (Djediai, Annabi)
| | - Tamara Gimon
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | - Helen MacRae
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | - Anthony de Buck van Overstraeten
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | - Mantaj Brar
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | - Sami Chadi
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | - Erin Kennedy
- From the University of Toronto (Gimon, MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Chadi, Kennedy), Mount Sinai Hospital (MacRae, de Buck van Overstraeten, Brar, Kennedy), and University Health Network (Chadi)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lily J Park
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Victoria Archer
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Daniel McIsaac
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Pavel Rashanov
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - Husein Moloo
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | - P J Devereaux
- From McMaster University (Park, Archer, McKechnie, Lee, Eskicioglu, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Devereaux), University of Otawa (McIsaac, Moloo), and Western University (Rashanov)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roy Hajjar
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Manon Oliero
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Gabriela Fragoso
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Ayodeji Samuel Ajayi
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Hervé Vennin Rendos
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Annie Calvé
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Thibault Cuisinière
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Claire Gerkins
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Sophie Thérien
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Nassima Taleb
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - François Dagbert
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Herawaty Sebajang
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Rasmy Loungnarath
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Frank Schwenter
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Richard Ratelle
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Ramses Wassef
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Eric Debroux
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Carole Richard
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Manuela M Santos
- From the Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Oliero, Fragoso, Ajayi, Alaoui, Vennin Rendos, Calvé, Cuisinière, Gerkins, Santos), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Thérien, Taleb, Dagbert, Sebajang, Loungnarath, Schwenter, Ratelle, Wassef, Debroux, Richard), and Université de Montréal (Hajjar, Alaoui, Santos)
| | - Erin Kennedy
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Marko Simunovic
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Selina Schmocker
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Carl Brown
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Anthony MacLean
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Sender Liberman
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Sébastien Drolet
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Katerina Neumann
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Peter Stotland
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Kartik Jhaveri
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Richard Kirsch
- From Mount Sinai Hospital (Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto ( Kennedy), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | | | | | | | - Alex Chen
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital
| | - Georgia Rigas
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital
| | - Haroon Munir
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital
| | - Ali Safar
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Erin Kennedy
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Carole Richard
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Marko Simunovic
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Selina Schmocker
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Carl Brown
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Anthony MacLean
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Sender Liberman
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Sébastien Drolet
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Katerina Neumann
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Peter Stotland
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Kartik Jhaveri
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | - Richard Kirsch
- From Mount Sinai Hospital ( Kennedy, Schmocker, Jhaveri, Kirsch), University of Toronto (Kennedy), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Richard), Juravinski Hospital Cancer Centre (Simunovic), McMaster University (Simunovic), St. Paul's Hospital (Brown), Providence Health Care (Brown), Foothills Medical Centre (MacLean), University of Calgary (MacLean), McGill University Health Centre (Liberman), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Drolet), QEII Health Sciences Centre (Neumann), North York General Hospital (Stotland), and University Health Network (Jhaveri)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allison Pang
- From the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital
| | | | | | - Mohammed Al-Abri
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Elliott Gee
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Ahmer Karimuddin
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - P Terry Phang
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Carl Brown
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Manoj Raval
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Amandeep Ghuman
- From the University of British Columbia (Al-Abri, Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman), and St. Paul's Hospital (Gee, Karimuddin, Phang, Brown, Raval, Ghuman)
| | - Nina Morena
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Libby Ben-Zvi
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Victoria Hayman
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Mary Hou
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Diana Nguyen
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Carrie A Rentschler
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Ari N Meguerditchian
- From McGill University (Morena, Ben-Zvi, Hayman, Rentschler), University of Calgary (Hou), McGill University Health Centre Research Institute (Nguyen), and St. Mary's Research Centre (Meguerditchian)
| | - Zuhaib Mir
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Linda Fei
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Sandra McKeown
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Rachelle Dinchong
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Nicholas Cofie
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Nancy Dalgarno
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Rona Cheifetz
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Shaila Merchant
- From Queen's University (Mir, Fei, McKeown, Dinchong, Cofie, Dalgarno, Merchant), and University of British Columbia (Cheifetz)
| | - Alisha Jaffer
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Carolyn Cullinane
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Gerard Feeney
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Amirhossein Jalali
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Anne Merrigan
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Chwanrow Baban
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Juliette Buckley
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | - Shona Tormey
- From the University of Limerick (Jaffer, Jalali), University Hospital Waterford (Cullinane), and University Hospital Limerick (Feeney, Merrigan, Baban, Buckley, Tormey)
| | | | - Rongrong Wu
- From the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Karineh Kazazian
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Ali Hosni Abdalaty
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Christine Brezden
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Ron Burkes
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Eric Chen
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Anand Govindarajan
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Raymond Jang
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Erin Kennedy
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Jelena Lukovic
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Aruz Mesci
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Fayez Quereshy
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Carol Swallow
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | - Sami Chadi
- From Princess Margaret Hospital (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University Health Network (Kazazian, Abdalaty, Brezden, Burkes, Chen, Govindarajan, Jang, Kennedy, Lukovic, Mesci, Quereshy, Swallow, Chadi), University of Toronto (Kazazian, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Brezden, Burkes, Govindarajan, Kennedy, Swallow)
| | | | | | - Wanda Marini
- From the University of Toronto (Marini, Ohashi, Reedijk), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Zheng, Murakami), and University Health Network (Zheng, Murakami)
| | - Weiyue Zheng
- From the University of Toronto (Marini, Ohashi, Reedijk), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Zheng, Murakami), and University Health Network (Zheng, Murakami)
| | - Kiichi Murakami
- From the University of Toronto (Marini, Ohashi, Reedijk), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Zheng, Murakami), and University Health Network (Zheng, Murakami)
| | - Pamela Ohashi
- From the University of Toronto (Marini, Ohashi, Reedijk), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Zheng, Murakami), and University Health Network (Zheng, Murakami)
| | - Michael Reedijk
- From the University of Toronto (Marini, Ohashi, Reedijk), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Zheng, Murakami), and University Health Network (Zheng, Murakami)
| | - Richard Hu
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Victoria Ivankovic
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Lewis Han
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Louise Gresham
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Ranjeeta Mallick
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Rebecca Auer
- From the University of Ottawa (Hu, Ivankovic, Han, Gresham), and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Mallick, Auer)
| | - Tiago Ribeiro
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), and the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet)
| | - Adom Bondzi-Simpson
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), and the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet)
| | - Natalie Coburn
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), and the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet)
| | - Julie Hallet
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), and the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet)
| | - Tulin Cil
- From the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Cil), University Health Network (Cil), and University of Toronto (Cil, Fontebasso)
| | - Adam Fontebasso
- From the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Cil), University Health Network (Cil), and University of Toronto (Cil, Fontebasso)
| | - Alex Lee
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Ericka Bernard-Bedard
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Boaz Wong
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Heidi Li
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Elysia Grose
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Olivier Brandts-Longtin
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Katie Aw
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Rebecca Lau
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Ahmad Abed
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - James Stevenson
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Rahat Sheikh
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Richard Chen
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Stephanie Johnson-Obaseki
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | - Carolyn Nessim
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee), The Ottawa Hospital (Bernard-Bedard), and the University of Ottawa (Wong, Li, Grose, Brandts-Longtin, Aw, Lau, Abed, Stevenson, Sheikh, Chen, Johnson-Obaseki, Nessim)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuvreet Kaur
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Andrea Covelli
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Fayez Quereshy
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Elena Elimova
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Elan Panov
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Jelena Lukovic
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - James Brierley
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Bev Burnett
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Carol Swallow
- From the University of Toronto (Kaur, Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Swallow), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Covelli, Quereshy Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), University Health Network (Covelli, Quereshy, Elimova, Panov, Lukovic, Brierley, Burnett, Swallow), and Mount Sinai Hospital (Covelli, Quereshy, Burnett, Swallow)
| | - Ashley Eom
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - David Kirkwood
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Nicole Hodgson
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Jessica Bogach
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Timothy Whelan
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Mark Levine
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Elena Parvez
- From McMaster University (Eom, Hodgson, Doumoura, Bogach, Whelan, Levine, Parvez), and ICES (Kirkwood)
| | - Deanna Ng
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | - Karineh Kazazian
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | - Kiera Lee
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | - Yi Qing Lu
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | - Dae Kyum Kim
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- From the University of Toronto (Ng, Kazazian, Lu, Magalhaes), University of British Columbia (Lee), and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Kim)
| | | | | | | | - Elliott K Yee
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Julie Hallet
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Nicole J Look Hong
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Lena Nguyen
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Natalie Coburn
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Frances C Wright
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Sonal Gandhi
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Katarzyna J Jerzak
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Andrea Eisen
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | - Amanda Roberts
- From the University of Toronto (Yee), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Hallet, Look Hong, Coburn, Wright, Gandhi, Jerzak, Eisen, Roberts), and ICES (Look Hong, Nguyen, Coburn)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Akie Watanabe
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Susan Yao
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Eitan Prisman
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Gary Groot
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Elliot Mitmaker
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Ross Walker
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Jonn Wu
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Jesse Pasternak
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Chi Kien Lai
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Antoine Eskander
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Jonathan Wasserman
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Frederic Mercier
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Kathryn Roth
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Sabrina Gill
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Carlos Villamil
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - David Goldstein
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Vicki Munro
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Alok Pathak
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Debon Lee
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Anne Nguyen
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Sam Wiseman
- From the University of British Columbia (Watanabe, Yao, Prisman, Wu, Lai, Gill, Villamil, Lee, Nguyen, Wiseman), University of Saskatchewan (Groot), McGill University (Mitmaker), Queen's University (Walker), University of Toronto (Pasternak, Eskander, Wasserman, Goldstein), Université de Montréal (Mercier), Western University (Roth), Dalhousie University (Munro), and University of Manitoba (Pathak)
| | - Luckshi Rajendran
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Marco Claasen
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Tommy Ivanics
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Nazia Selzner
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Ian McGilvray
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Mark Cattral
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Carol-Anne Moulton
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Trevor Reichman
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Chaya Shwaartz
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Ur Metser
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Ron Burkes
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Erin Winter
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Steven Gallinger
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Gonzalo Sapisochin
- From the University of Toronto (Rajendran, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Moulton, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Gallinger, Sapisochin), University Health Network (Claasen, Ivanics, Selzner, McGilvray, Cattral, Ghanekar, Reichman, Shwaartz, Metser, Winter, Sapisochin), Erasmus MC Transplant Institute (Claasen), Henry Ford Hospital (Ivanics), Uppsala University (Ivanics), Mount Sinai Hospital (Metser, Burkes), and Women's College Hospital (Metser)
| | - Juan Glinka
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Evelyn Waugh
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Ken Leslie
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Anton Skaro
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Epharaim Tang
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Juan Glinka
- From London Health Sciences Centre and Western University
| | - Janyssa Charbonneau
- From Université Laval (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, O'Connor, Couture), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, Couture)
| | - Alexandre Brind'Amour
- From Université Laval (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, O'Connor, Couture), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, Couture)
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- From Université Laval (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, O'Connor, Couture), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, Couture)
| | - Sarah O'Connor
- From Université Laval (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, O'Connor, Couture), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, Couture)
| | - Thomas Couture
- From Université Laval (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, O'Connor, Couture), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (Charbonneau, Brind'Amour, Turgeon, Couture)
| | - Yifan Wang
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - Osamu Yoshino
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - Michael Driedger
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - Michael Beckman
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - Dionisios Vrochides
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - John Martinie
- From McGill University (Wang), and Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center (Yoshino, Driedger, Beckman, Vrochides, Martinie)
| | - Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar
- From Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Alabduljabbar), and Dalhousie University (Aali, Lightfoot, Gala-Lopez)
| | - Maral Aali
- From Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Alabduljabbar), and Dalhousie University (Aali, Lightfoot, Gala-Lopez)
| | - Christopher Lightfoot
- From Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Alabduljabbar), and Dalhousie University (Aali, Lightfoot, Gala-Lopez)
| | - Boris Gala-Lopez
- From Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Alabduljabbar), and Dalhousie University (Aali, Lightfoot, Gala-Lopez)
| | | | | | | | - Dhruvin Hirpara
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Jonathan Irish
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Mohammed Rashid
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Tharsiya Martin
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Alice Zhu
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Leah McKnight
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Amber Hunter
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Shiva Jayaraman
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Alice Wei
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Natalie Coburn
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Frances Wright
- From the University of Toronto (Hirpara, Zhu), University Health Network (Irish), Ontario Health (Rashid, Martin, McKnight, Hunter), Unity Health (Jayaraman), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (Wei), and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Wright)
| | - Katlin Mallette
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | - Ahmad Elnahas
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | - Nawar Alkhamesi
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | - Christopher Schlachta
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | - Jeffrey Hawel
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | - Ephraim Tang
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel), London Health Sciences Centre (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang), and Western University (Mallette, Elnahas, Alkhamesi, Schlachta, Hawel, Tang)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jordan Yu
- From the University of British Columbia
| | | | - Peter Kim
- From the University of British Columbia
| | | | | | | | - Molly White
- From the University of Edinburgh (White), the University of Toronto (Tsang), and St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman)
| | - Melanie E Tsang
- From the University of Edinburgh (White), the University of Toronto (Tsang), and St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman)
| | - Shiva Jayaraman
- From the University of Edinburgh (White), the University of Toronto (Tsang), and St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman)
| | - Kimberley Lam-Tin-Cheung
- From the University of Toronto (Lam-Tin-Cheung, Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), and Unity Health Toronto (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene)
| | - Shiva Jayaraman
- From the University of Toronto (Lam-Tin-Cheung, Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), and Unity Health Toronto (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene)
| | - Melanie Tsang
- From the University of Toronto (Lam-Tin-Cheung, Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), and Unity Health Toronto (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene)
| | - Brittany Greene
- From the University of Toronto (Lam-Tin-Cheung, Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), St. Joseph's Health Centre (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene), and Unity Health Toronto (Jayaraman, Tsang, Greene)
| | | | | | | | | | - Julien Côté
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Rolando Rebolledo
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Mélanie Borie
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Ahmed Menaouar
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Carolyne Landry
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Marylène Plasse
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Richard Létourneau
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Michel Dagenais
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Zhixia Rong
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - André Roy
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Eve Beaudry-Simoneau
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Franck Vandenbroucke-Menu
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Réal Lapointe
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Pasquale Ferraro
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Shant Der Sarkissian
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Simon Turcotte
- From Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Plasse, Létourneau, Dagenais, Rong, Roy, Beaudry-Simoneau, Vandenbroucke-Menu, Lapointe, Ferraro, Noiseux, Turcotte), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Côté, Borie, Menaouar, Landry, Lapointe, Ferraro, Der Sarkissian, Noiseux, Turcotte), and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Rebolledo)
| | - Yara Haddad
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Antoine Bernard
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Clara Lafortune
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Nathalie Brassard
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Annie Roy
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Claude Perreault
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Gaétan Mayer
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Mieczyslaw Marcinkiewicz
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Majambu Mbikay
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Michel Chrétien
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | - Simon Turcotte
- From Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Haddad, Bernard, Brassard, Turcotte), and Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (Lafortune, Roy, Perreault, Mayer, Marcinkiewicz, Mbikay, Chrétien)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hala Muaddi
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Jennifer Flemming
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Bettina Hansen
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Laura Dawson
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Grainne O'Kane
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Jordan Feld
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Gonzalo Sapisochin
- From the University of Toronto (Muaddi, Hansen, Dawson, O'Kane, Feld, Sapisochin), and Queen's University (Flemming)
| | - Alice Zhu
- From the University of Toronto (Zhu, Jayaraman), and the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center (Cleary)
| | - Shiva Jayaraman
- From the University of Toronto (Zhu, Jayaraman), and the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center (Cleary)
| | - Sean Cleary
- From the University of Toronto (Zhu, Jayaraman), and the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center (Cleary)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Mansouri
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Nawal Amhis
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Maxime Léveillé
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Christine Lawson
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Carol Achard
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Carolina Ilkow
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Yves Collin
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- From Université de Sherbrooke (Mansouri, Amhis, Léveillé, Lawson, Achard, Collin, Tai) and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Ilkow)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sukhdeep Jatana
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Uzair Jogiat
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Daniel Birch
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | - Noah Switzer
- From the University of Alberta (Jatana, Verhoeff, Mocanu, Jogiat, Birch, Karmali, Switzer), and Royal Alexandra Hospital (Birch, Karmali)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hillary Wilson
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Jerry Dang
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Janice Kung
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Noah Switzer
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Daniel Birch
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Karen Madsen
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- From the University of Alberta (Wilson, Verhoeff, Kung, Switzer, Birch, Madsen, Karmali, Mocanu), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Ted Wu
- From the University of Manitoba
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (Lee, Doumouras, Molnar, Hong), and ICES (Nguyen)
| | | | - Amber Molnar
- From McMaster University (Lee, Doumouras, Molnar, Hong), and ICES (Nguyen)
| | - Francis Nguyen
- From McMaster University (Lee, Doumouras, Molnar, Hong), and ICES (Nguyen)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Lee, Doumouras, Molnar, Hong), and ICES (Nguyen)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah MacVicar
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Jerry Dang
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Uzair Jogiat
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Daniel Birch
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | - Noah Switzer
- From the University of Alberta (MacVicar, Mocanu, Verhoeff, Jogiat, Karmali, Birch, Switzer), and the Cleveland Clinic (Dang)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Jeffery
- From the University of British Coumbia (Jeffery, Hwang), Vernon Jubilee Hospital (Hwang, Ryley), and Interior Health Authority (Ryley)
| | - Hamish Hwang
- From the University of British Coumbia (Jeffery, Hwang), Vernon Jubilee Hospital (Hwang, Ryley), and Interior Health Authority (Ryley)
| | - Alexis Ryley
- From the University of British Coumbia (Jeffery, Hwang), Vernon Jubilee Hospital (Hwang, Ryley), and Interior Health Authority (Ryley)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joao Rezende-Neto
- From St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Keenan Research Centre
| | - Sunil Patel
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Lisa Zhang
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Zuhaib Mir
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Madeline Lemke
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - William Leeper
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Laura Allen
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Eric Walser
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Kelly Vogt
- From Queen's University (Patel), University of Ottawa (Zhang), Dalhousie University (Mir), and Western University (Lemke, Leeper, Allen, Walser, Vogt)
| | - Tiago Ribeiro
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Sarah Bateni
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Adom Bondzi-Simpson
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Natalie Coburn
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Julie Hallet
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Victoria Barabash
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Austin Barr
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Wing Chan
- From the University of Toronto (Ribeiro, Bondzi-Simpson), University of Alabama at Birmingham (Bateni), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coburn, Hallet), Sunnybrook Research Institute (Barabash, Barr), and ICES (Chan)
| | - Suhail Yaqoob Hakim
- from Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, El-Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- from Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, El-Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Sandro Rizoli
- from Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, El-Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- from Hamad Medical Corporation (Hakim, El-Menyar, Rizoli, Al-Thani), Qatar University (Hakim), and Weill Cornell Medical College Doha (El-Menyar)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Lee
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee, Evans), and Vancouver Coastal Health (Kroeker)
| | - Jenna Kroeker
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee, Evans), and Vancouver Coastal Health (Kroeker)
| | - David Evans
- From the University of British Columbia (Lee, Evans), and Vancouver Coastal Health (Kroeker)
| | | | | | | | - Guire Coyle
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - David Seben
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - Jaiden Smith
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - Brandy Tanenbaum
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - Corey Freedman
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - Avery Nathens
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | - Robert Fowler
- From McMaster University (Coyle), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Coyle, Tanenbaum, Freedman, Nathens, Fowler), and University of Guelph (Seben, Smith)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lily J Park
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Flavia K Borges
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Rahima Nenshi
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Pablo E Serrano
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Paul Engels
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Kelly Vogt
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Emily Di Sante
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Jessica Vincent
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Kate Tsiplova
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - P J Devereaux
- From McMaster University (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Serrano, Engels, Devereaux), Population Health Research Institute (Park, Borges, Nenshi, Di Sante, Vincent, Tsiplova, Devereaux), and Western University (Vogt)
| | - Gaurav Talwar
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Joanna Dionne
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Yung Lee
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tania Kazi
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Abdullah El-Sayes
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Jessica Bogach
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From McMaster University (Talwar, Dionne, McKechnie, Lee, Kazi, El-Sayes, Bogach, Hong, Eskicioglu), Juravinski Hospital (Dionne, Bogach), and St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lilly Groszman
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Natasha G Caminsky
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Larry Watt
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Nathalie Boulanger
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Tarek Razek
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Jeremy Grushka
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Steven Di Marco
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | - Evan G Wong
- From the McGill University Heatlh Centre (Groszman, Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Di Marco, Wong), McGill University (Caminsky, Razek, Grushka, Wong), Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre (Watt, Boulanger), and Inuulitsivik Health Centre (Boulanger)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan Falk
- From the University of British Columbia
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McKechnie T, Lee Y, Hong D, Dionne J, Doumouras A, Parpia S, Bhandari M, Eskicioglu C. A history of bariatric surgery before surgery for colorectal cancer may improve short-term postoperative outcomes: Analysis of the national inpatient sample 2015-2019. Surgery 2023; 174:1168-1174. [PMID: 37709649 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is the most effective and sustainable form of weight loss. Bariatric surgery before elective operations for colorectal pathology may improve postoperative outcomes. To compare patients with and without prior bariatric surgery undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer in terms of postoperative morbidity and health care use. METHODS Adult patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer from 2015 to 2019 were identified from the National Inpatient Sample. Patients were stratified according to their history of bariatric surgery. Propensity score matching with 4:1 nearest-neighbor matching was performed according to demographic, operative, and hospital characteristics. The primary outcome was postoperative morbidity. Secondary outcomes included system-specific postoperative complications, postoperative mortality, postoperative length of stay, total admission health care cost, and post-discharge disposition. McNemar's test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test were performed. RESULTS After propensity score matching, 1,197 patients without prior bariatric surgery and 376 patients with prior bariatric surgery were included. Patients with prior bariatric surgery had an absolute reduction of 6.5% in overall in-hospital postoperative morbidity (19.1% vs 25.6%, P < .0001), a $5,256 decrease in hospitalization cost ($70,344 vs $75,600, P = .034), and were more likely to be discharged home after their index operation (72.9% vs 63.9%, P < .0001). CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery before surgery for colorectal cancer may be associated with decreased postoperative morbidity and health care use. Bariatric surgery and other forms of rapid and effective weight loss, such as very low-energy diets, should be evaluated further for the optimization of obese patients before nonbariatric abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler McKechnie
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. https://twitter.com/tylermckechnie
| | - Yung Lee
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. https://twitter.com/YungLeeMD
| | - Dennis Hong
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. https://twitter.com/Drbariatricsx
| | - Joanna Dionne
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. https://twitter.com/Doctor_Doum
| | - Sameer Parpia
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Kim K, Zeraatkar D, Pitre TS, Phillips M, Wykoff CC, Garg SJ, Guymer RH, Thabane L, Bhandari M, Chaudhary V. Noninferiority randomised trials in ophthalmology. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3059-3060. [PMID: 36869135 PMCID: PMC10564920 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kim
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dena Zeraatkar
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler S Pitre
- Division of Internal Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Phillips
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Charles C Wykoff
- Retina Consultants of Texas; Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunir J Garg
- Mid Atlantic Retina, The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare-Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Varun Chaudhary
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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34
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Darzi AJ, Busse JW, Phillips M, Wykoff CC, Guymer RH, Thabane L, Bhandari M, Chaudhary V. Interpreting results from randomized controlled trials: What measures to focus on in clinical practice. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3055-3058. [PMID: 36854816 PMCID: PMC10564746 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Darzi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote National Pain Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jason W Busse
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote National Pain Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Phillips
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Charles C Wykoff
- Retina Consultants of Texas, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare-Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, USA
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Varun Chaudhary
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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McKechnie T, Parpia S, Bhandari M, Dionne JC, Eskicioglu C. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols following emergency intra-abdominal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291140. [PMID: 37682876 PMCID: PMC10490890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate whether the implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols for adult patients undergoing emergency intra-abdominal surgery decreases postoperative length of stay, postoperative morbidity, and mortality compared to conventional perioperative care. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). It has been registered on the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42023391709). A comprehensive, electronic search strategy will be used to identify studies published and indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Pubmed databases since their inception. Trial registries and references of included studies and pertinent previous systematic reviews will also be searched. Studies will be included if they are randomized controlled trials or cohort studies evaluating adult patients undergoing emergency intra-abdominal surgery and comparing ERAS or modified ERAS protocols to conventional perioperative care and report one of the following outcomes: postoperative length of stay, overall 30-day morbidity, 30-day mortality, 30-day infectious morbidity, prolonged postoperative ileus, return of bowel function, and 30-day readmissions. A meta-analysis will be performed using a random effects model for all comparative data using Cochrane Review Manager 5.3 (London, United Kingdom). DISCUSSION ERAS protocols have become standard of care for patients undergoing elective surgery. Their use in the setting of emergency surgery is far less common. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess whether there are benefits in patient important outcomes with the implementation of ERAS protocols for patients undergoing emergency intra-abdominal surgery. Ultimately, we hope to promote their use and further large randomized controlled trials evaluating emergency surgery ERAS programs. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023391709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler McKechnie
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameer Parpia
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna C. Dionne
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Gazendam AM, Zhu M, Rubinger L, Chang Y, Phillips S, Bhandari M. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hip Int 2023; 33:850-857. [PMID: 35848126 PMCID: PMC10486167 DOI: 10.1177/11207000221111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of quadratus lumborum nerve blocks (QLB) for pain control following elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) has increased substantially in recent years. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare outcomes from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) utilising QLBs following elective THA. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for RCTs perioperative QLBs for THA. Quantitative synthesis was conducted for pain scores, opioid consumption and adverse events. RESULTS A total of 7 RCTs with 429 patients undergoing THA were included. No differences in pain scores were demonstrated between QLBs and control interventions. Subgroup analysis demonstrated no differences between QLBs and sham procedures or active comparators. No differences in postoperative opioid consumption between QLB and control interventions was found. In trials reporting adverse events, they were rare and similar between groups. Overall, the certainty of the evidence was graded as low or very low. CONCLUSIONS The current literature suggests that a QLB for THA does not reduce pain or opioid consumption compared to sham or active comparators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Gazendam
- OrthoEvidence, Burlington, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meng Zhu
- OrthoEvidence, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Luc Rubinger
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Mohit Bhandari
- OrthoEvidence, Burlington, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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37
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Ekhtiari S, Phillips M, Dhillon D, Shahabinezhad A, Bhandari M. Understanding the Learning Curve of Carpal Tunnel Release With Ultrasound Guidance: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e41938. [PMID: 37588328 PMCID: PMC10425578 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive neuropathy and can be treated through carpal tunnel release (CTR) if nonoperative treatments fail. CTR can be performed through a variety of techniques, including traditional open, mini-open, endoscopic, and CTR with ultrasound guidance (CTR-US). The evidence on endoscopic CTR is mixed, due to a higher potential for nerve injury with endoscopic CTR compared to traditional open CTR. CTR-US offers the potential advantage of allowing the visualization of all key anatomical structures, combined with a very small incision and minimal soft tissue insult. As with any ultrasonographic technique or procedure, the learning curve needs to be considered for any provider considering adopting CTR-US. However, literature on ultrasound use around the wrist, including early evidence on the learning curve of CTR-US specifically, demonstrates this skill can be learned relatively quickly by providers with a wide range of prior experience in ultrasound and CTR. Overall, there is a need for high-quality studies comparing different CTR techniques, particularly CTR-US, as it offers the potential for considerable cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seper Ekhtiari
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, GBR
| | - Mark Phillips
- Health Research Methodology, McMaster University, Hamilton, CAN
| | - Dalraj Dhillon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, CAN
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Chaudhary V, Sarohia GS, Phillips MR, Park D, Xie J, Zeraatkar D, Fung M, Thabane L, Loewenstein A, Holz FG, Garg SJ, Kaiser PK, Bhandari M, Guymer RH, Fraser-Bell S, Sivaprasad S, Wykoff CC. Role of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the management of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy without centre-involving diabetic macular oedema: a meta-analysis of trials. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:1966-1974. [PMID: 36369263 PMCID: PMC10333362 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the impact of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in management of eyes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) without centre involving diabetic macular oedema (CI-DMO). We searched multiple databases for all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated anti-VEGF treatment versus observation in eyes with NPDR without CI-DMO. Data was collected for six outcomes (best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement, diabetic retinopathy severity score (DRSS), central subfield thickness, progression to vision threatening complications (VTCs), ocular adverse events and quality of life measures). Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) and certainty of evidence was assessed using Grade of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). We identified a total of 2 unique RCTs that compared aflibercept and sham to treat a total of 811 eyes. For BCVA change, there was a small, clinically insignificant benefit for aflibercept treatment at year 2 (MD 0.70, 95% CI 0.02-1.38, GRADE rating: MODERATE). DRSS demonstrated a statistically significant improvement with aflibercept use at year 2 (RR 3.76, 95% CI 2.75-5.13, GRADE rating: MODERATE). VTCs were significantly less in aflibercept arm at year 2 (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.23-0.40, GRADE rating: MODERATE). In conclusion, aflibercept treatment versus observation in eyes with NPDR without CI-DMO can result in reduced risk of development of VTCs and regression of DRSS score over 2 years. Future trials are needed to increase the precision of the treatment effect and to provide data on quality-of-life metrics.PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021288608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chaudhary
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Gurkaran S Sarohia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mark R Phillips
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Park
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Xie
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dena Zeraatkar
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Fung
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare-Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anat Loewenstein
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Frank G Holz
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sunir J Garg
- Mid Atlantic Retina, The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter K Kaiser
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal, Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha Fraser-Bell
- Macular Research Group, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charles C Wykoff
- Retina Consultants of Texas, Retina Consultants of America, Houston, TX, USA
- Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Schemitsch EH, Kumar A, Heels-Ansdell D, Sprague S, Bhandari M, Guyatt G, Sanders DW, Swiontkowski M, Tornetta P, Walter S. Reamed compared with unreamed nailing of tibial shaft fractures: Does the initial method of nail insertion influence outcome in patients requiring reoperations? Can J Surg 2023; 66:E384-E389. [PMID: 37442585 PMCID: PMC10355994 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.012222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with a tibial shaft fracture experiencing their first postoperative complication following treatment with intramedullary nails may be at greater risk of subsequent complications than the whole population. We aimed to determine whether the initial method of nail insertion influences outcome in patients with a tibial shaft fracture requiring multiple reoperations. METHODS Using the Study to Prospectively Evaluate Reamed Intramedullary Nails in Tibial Shaft Fractures trial data, we categorized patients as those not requiring reoperation, those requiring a single reoperation and those requiring multiple reoperations, and we compared them by nail insertion technique (reamed v. unreamed) and fracture type (open v. closed). We then determined the number of patients whose first reoperation was in response to infection, and we compared other clinical outcomes between the reamed and unreamed groups. RESULTS Among 1226 patients included in this analysis, 175 (14.27%) experienced a single reoperation and 44 patients (3.59%) underwent multiple reoperations. Nail insertion techniques (reamed v. unreamed) did not play a role in the need to perform multiple reoperations. Seventy-five percent of patients requiring multiple reoperations had open tibial shaft fractures. An equal number of these were reamed and unreamed insertions. The majority of patients had their course complicated by infection and almost 50% of patients whose first reoperation was for infection required more than 2 reoperations for management. The rest required multiple procedures for nonunion or bone loss. CONCLUSION Our findings corroborate those of other studies, in which open fracture type rather than nail insertion technique was found to be the cause of morbidity following intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www. CLINICALTRIALS gov, no. NCT00038129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil H Schemitsch
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ont. (Schemitsch, Sanders); Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar); the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Heels-Ansdell, Sprague, Bhandari, Guyatt, Walter); the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sprague, Bhandari); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (Swiontkowski); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass. (Tornetta)
| | - Ashesh Kumar
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ont. (Schemitsch, Sanders); Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar); the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Heels-Ansdell, Sprague, Bhandari, Guyatt, Walter); the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sprague, Bhandari); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (Swiontkowski); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass. (Tornetta)
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ont. (Schemitsch, Sanders); Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar); the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Heels-Ansdell, Sprague, Bhandari, Guyatt, Walter); the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sprague, Bhandari); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (Swiontkowski); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass. (Tornetta)
| | - Sheila Sprague
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ont. (Schemitsch, Sanders); Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar); the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Heels-Ansdell, Sprague, Bhandari, Guyatt, Walter); the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sprague, Bhandari); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (Swiontkowski); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass. (Tornetta)
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ont. (Schemitsch, Sanders); Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar); the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Heels-Ansdell, Sprague, Bhandari, Guyatt, Walter); the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sprague, Bhandari); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (Swiontkowski); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass. (Tornetta)
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ont. (Schemitsch, Sanders); Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar); the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Heels-Ansdell, Sprague, Bhandari, Guyatt, Walter); the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sprague, Bhandari); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (Swiontkowski); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass. (Tornetta)
| | - David W Sanders
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ont. (Schemitsch, Sanders); Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar); the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Heels-Ansdell, Sprague, Bhandari, Guyatt, Walter); the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sprague, Bhandari); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (Swiontkowski); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass. (Tornetta)
| | - Marc Swiontkowski
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ont. (Schemitsch, Sanders); Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar); the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Heels-Ansdell, Sprague, Bhandari, Guyatt, Walter); the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sprague, Bhandari); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (Swiontkowski); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass. (Tornetta)
| | - Paul Tornetta
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ont. (Schemitsch, Sanders); Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar); the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Heels-Ansdell, Sprague, Bhandari, Guyatt, Walter); the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sprague, Bhandari); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (Swiontkowski); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass. (Tornetta)
| | - Stephen Walter
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ont. (Schemitsch, Sanders); Division of Orthopaedics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar); the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Heels-Ansdell, Sprague, Bhandari, Guyatt, Walter); the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Sprague, Bhandari); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (Swiontkowski); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass. (Tornetta)
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Ekhtiari S, Nucci N, Uddin F, Albadran A, Gazendam AM, Bhandari M, Khan M. Opioid-Sparing Strategies in Arthroscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JBJS Rev 2023; 11:01874474-202307000-00005. [PMID: 37459422 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid overprescription is a problem in orthopaedic surgery. Arthroscopic surgery, given its minimally invasive nature, represents an opportunity to minimize opioid prescription and consumption by using effective pain management adjuncts. Thus, the primary question posed in this study was which noninvasive pain management modalities can effectively manage pain and reduce opioid intake after arthroscopic surgery. METHODS The databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on August 10, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating noninvasive pain management strategies in arthroscopy patients were evaluated. Eligible studies were selected through a systematic screening process. Meta-analysis was performed for pain scores and opioid consumption at time points which had sufficient data available. RESULTS Twenty-one RCTs were included, with a total of 2,148 patients undergoing shoulder, knee, and hip arthroscopy. Meta-analysis comparing nonopioid, oral analgesic regimens, with or without patient education components, with the standard of care or placebo demonstrated no difference in pain scores at 24 hours, 4 to 7 days, or 14 days postoperatively. Nonopioid regimens also resulted in significantly lower opioid consumption in the first 24 hours postoperatively (mean difference, -37.02 mg oral morphine equivalents, 95% confidence interval, -74.01 to -0.03). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), cryotherapy, and zolpidem were also found to effectively manage pain and reduce opioid use in a limited number of studies. CONCLUSIONS A range of noninvasive pain management strategies exist to manage pain and reduce opioid use after arthroscopic procedures. The strongest evidence base supports the use of multimodal nonopioid oral analgesics, with some studies incorporating patient education components. Some evidence supports the efficacy of TENS, cryotherapy, and nonbenzodiazepine sleeping aids. Direction from governing bodies is an important next step to incorporate these adjuncts into routine clinical practice to manage pain and reduce the amount of opioids prescribed and consumed after arthroscopic surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of the levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seper Ekhtiari
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital-Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Nucci
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fares Uddin
- Roth McFarlane Hand & Upper Limb Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adeeba Albadran
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mohit Bhandari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moin Khan
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Birk M, Sidhu K, Filezio MR, Singh V, Ferri-de-Barros F, Chan V, Shumilak G, Nataraj A, Langston H, Yee NJ, Iorio C, Shkumat N, Rocos B, Ertl-Wagner B, Lebel D, Camp MW, Dimentberg E, Saran N, Laflamme M, Ouellet JA, Wenghofer J, Livock H, Beaton L, Tice A, Smit K, Graham R, Duarte MP, Roy-Beaudry M, Turgeon I, Joncas J, Mac-Thiong JM, Labelle H, Barchi S, Parent S, Gholamian T, Livock H, Tice A, Smit K, Yoon S, Zulfiqar A, Rocos B, Murphy A, Bath N, Moll S, Sorbara J, Lebel D, Camp MW, Nallet JA, Rocos B, Lebel DE, Zeller R, Dermott JA, Kim DJ, Anthony A, Zeller R, Lebel DE, Wang Z, Shen J, Kamel Y, Liu J, Shedid D, Al-Shakfa F, Yuh SJ, Boubez G, Rizkallah M, Rizkallah M, Shen J, Boubez G, Kamel Y, Liu J, Shedid D, Al-Shakfa F, Lavoie F, Yug SJ, Wang Z, Alavi F, Nielsen C, Rampersaud R, Lewis S, Cheung AM, Cadieux C, Fernandes R, Brzozowski P, Zdero R, Bailey C, Rasoulinejad P, Cherry A, Manoharan R, Xu M, Srikandarajah N, Iorio C, Raj A, Nielsen C, Rampersaud R, Lewis S, Beange K, Graham R, Livock H, Smit K, Manoharan R, Cherry A, Srikandarajah N, Raj A, Xu M, Iorio C, Nielsen CJ, Rampersaud YR, Lewis SJ, Nasrabadi AAM, Moammer G, Phee JM, Walker T, Urquhart JC, Glennie RA, Rampersaud YR, Fisher CG, Bailey CS, Herrington BJ, Fernandes RR, Urquhart JC, Rasoulinejad P, Siddiqi F, Bailey CS, Urquhart J, Fernandes RR, Glennie RA, Rampersaud YR, Fisher CG, Bailey CS, Yang MMH, Riva-Cambrin J, Cunningham J, Casha S, Cadieux CN, Urquhart J, Fernandes R, Glennie A, Fisher C, Rampersaud R, Xu M, Manoharan R, Cherry A, Raj A, Srikandarajah N, Iorio C, Nielsen C, Lewis S, Rampersaud R, Cherry A, Raj A, McIntosh G, Manoharan R, Murray JC, Nielsen C, Xu M, Srikandarajah N, Iorio C, Perruccio A, Canizares M, Rampersaud R, El-Mughayyar D, Bigney E, Richardson E, Manson N, Abraham E, Attabib N, Small C, Kolyvas G, LeRoux A, Outcomes CS, Investigators RN, Hebert J, Baisamy V, Rizkallah M, Shen J, Cresson T, Vazquez C, Wang Z, Boubez G, Lung T, Canizares M, Perruccio A, Rampersaud R, Crawford EJ, Ravinsky RA, Perruccio AV, Rampersaud YR, Coyte PC, Bond M, Street J, Fisher C, Charest-Morin R, Sutherland JM, Bartolozzi AR, Barzilai O, Chou D, Laufer I, Verlaan JJ, Sahgal A, Rhines LD, Scuibba DM, Lazary A, Weber MH, Schuster JM, Boriani S, Bettegowda C, Arnold PM, Clarke MJ, Fehlings MG, Reynolds JJ, Gokaslan ZL, Fisher CG, Dea N, Versteeg AL, Charest-Morin R, Laufer I, Teixeira W, Barzilai O, Gasbarrini A, Fehlings MG, Chou D, Johnson MG, Gokaslan ZL, Dea N, Verlaan JJ, Goldschlager T, Shin JH, O'Toole JE, Sciubba DM, Bettegowda C, Clarke MJ, Weber MH, Mesfin A, Kawahara N, Goodwin R, Disch A, Lazary A, Boriani S, Sahgal A, Rhines L, Fisher CG, Versteeg AL, Gal R, Reich L, Tsang A, Aludino A, Sahgal A, Verlaan JJ, Fisher CG, Verkooijen L, Rizkallah M, Wang Z, Yuh SJ, Shedid D, Shen J, Al-Shakfa F, Belguendouz C, AlKafi R, Boubez G, MacLean MA, Georgiopoulos M, Charest-Morin R, Germscheid N, Goodwin CR, Weber M, International AS, Rizkallah M, Boubez G, Zhang H, Al-Shakfa F, Brindamour P, Boule D, Shen J, Shedid D, Yuh SJ, Wang Z, Correale MR, Soever LJ, Rampersaud R, Malic CC, Dubreuil M, Duke K, Kingwell SP, Lin Z, MacLean MA, Julien LC, Patriquin G, LeBlanc J, Green R, Alant J, Barry S, Glennie RA, Oxney W, Christie SD, Sarraj M, Alqahtani A, Thornley P, Koziarz F, Bailey CS, Freire-Archer M, Bhanot K, Kachur E, Bhandari M, Oitment C, Malhotra AK, Balas M, Jaja BNR, Harrington EM, Hofereiter J, Jaffe RH, He Y, Byrne JP, Wilson JR, Witiw CD, Brittain KCM, Christie S, Pillai S, Dvorak MF, Evaniew N, Chen M, Waheed Z, Rotem-Kohavi N, Fallah N, Noonan VK, Fisher CG, Charest-Morin R, Dea N, Ailon T, Street J, Kwon BK, Sandarage RV, Galuta A, Ghinda D, Kwan JCS, TsaI EC, Hachem LD, Hong J, Velumian A, Mothe AJ, Tator CH, Fehlings MG, Shakil H, Jaja BNR, Zhang P, Jaffe R, Malhotra AK, Wilson JR, Witiw CD, Rotem-Kohavi N, Dvorak MF, Dea N, Evaniew N, Chen M, Waheed Z, Xu J, Fallah N, Noonan V, Kwon B, Dandurand C, Muijs S, Dvorak M, Schnake K, Cumhur, Ouml Ner, Greene R, Furlong B, Smith-Forrester J, Swab M, Christie SD, Hall A, Leck E, Marshall E, Christie S, Dvorak MF, Cumhur F, Ouml Ner, Vaccaro AR, Benneker LM, Rajasekaran S, El-Sharkawi M, Popescu EC, Tee JW, Paquet J, France JC, Allen R, Lavelle WF, Hirschfeld M, Pneumaticos S, Dandurand C, Cumhur, Ouml Ner, Muijs S, Schnake K, Dvorak M, Fernandes RR, Thornley P, Urquhart J, Kelly S, Alenezi N, Alahmari A, Siddiqi F, Singh S, Rasoulinejad P, Bailey C, Evaniew N, Burger LD, Dea N, Cadotte DW, McIntosh G, Jacobs B, St-Laurent-Lebeux L, Bourassa-Moreau É, Sarraj M, Majeed M, Guha D, Pahuta M, Laflamme M, McIntosh G, Dea N, Bak AB, Alvi MA, Moghaddamjou A, Fehlings MG, Silva YGMD, Goulet J, McIntosh G, Bedard S, Pimenta N, Blanchard J, Couture J, LaRue B, Investigators C, Adams T, Cunningham E, El-Mughayyar D, Bigney E, Vandewint A, Manson N, Abraham E, Small C, Attabib N, Richardson E, Hebert J, Bond M, Street J, Fisher C, Charest-Morin R, Sutherland JM, Hillier T, Bailey CS, Fisher C, Rampersaud R, Koto P, Glennie RA, Soroceanu A, Nicholls F, Thomas K, Evaniew N, Lewkonia P, Bouchard J, Jacobs B, Ben-Israel D, Crawford EJ, Fisher C, Dea N, Spackman E, Rampersaud R, Thomas KC, Srikandarajah N, Murray JC, Nielsen C, Manoharan R, Cherry A, Raj A, Xu M, Iorio C, Bailey C, Dea N, Fisher C, Hall H, Manson N, Thomas K, Canizares M, Rampersaud YR, Urquhart J, Fernandes RR, Glennie RA, Rampersaud YR, Fisher CG, Bailey C, Yang MMH, Far R, Sajobi T, Riva-Cambrin J, Casha S, Bond M, Street J, Fisher C, Charest-Morin R, Sutherland JM, Silva Y, Pimenta NG, LaRue B, Bedard S, Oviedo SC, Goulet J, Couture J, Blanchard J, McDonald J, Al-Jahdali F, Urquhart J, Alahmari A, Rampersaud R, Fisher C, Bailey C, Glennie A, Evaniew N, Coyle M, Rampersaud YR, Bailey CS, Jacobs WB, Cadotte DW, Thomas KC, Attabib N, Paquet J, Nataraj A, Christie SD, Weber MH, Phan P, Charest-Morin R, Fisher CG, Hall H, McIntosh G, Dea N, Malhotra AK, Davis AM, He Y, Harrington EM, Jaja BNR, Zhu MP, Shakil H, Dea N, Jacobs WB, Cadotte DW, Paquet J, Weber MH, Phan P, Christie SD, Nataraj A, Bailey CS, Johnson MG, Fisher CG, Manson N, Rampersaud YR, Thomas KC, Hall H, Fehlings MG, Ahn H, Ginsberg HJ, Witiw CD, Wilson JR, Althagafi A, McIntosh G, Charest-Morin R, Rizzuto MA, Ailon T, Dea N, Evaniew N, Jacobs BW, Paquet J, Rampersaud R, Hall H, Bailey CS, Weber M, Johnson MG, Nataraj A, Attabib N, Cadotte DW, Manson N, Stratton A, Christie SD, Thomas KC, Wilson JR, Fisher CG, Charest-Morin R, Bak AB, Alvi MA, Moghaddamjou A, Fehlings MG, Bak AB, Alvi MA, Moghaddamjou A, Fehlings MG, Soroceanu A, Nicholls F, Thomas K, Evaniew N, Salo P, Bouchard J, Jacobs B, Dandurand C, Laghaei PF, Ailon T, Charest-Morin R, Dea N, Dvorak M, Fisher C, Kwon BK, Paquette S, Street J, Soroceanu A, Nicholls F, Thomas K, Evaniew N, Bouchard J, Salo P, Jacobs B, Varshney VP, Sahjpaul R, Paquette S, Osborn J, Bak AB, Moghaddamjou A, Fehlings MG, Leck E, Marshall E, Christie S, Elkaim LM, Lasry OJ, Raj A, Murray JC, Cherry A, McIntosh G, Nielsen C, Srikandarajah N, Manoharan R, Iorio C, Xu M, Perruccio A, Canizares M, Rampersaud YR, Stratton A, Tierney S, Wai EK, Phan P, Kingwell S, Magnan MC, Soroceanu A, Nicholls F, Thomas K, Evaniew N, Salo P, Bouchard J, Jacobs B, Spanninga B, Hoelen TCA, Johnson S, Arts JJC, Bailey CS, Urquhart JC, Glennie RA, Rampersaud YR, Fisher CG, Levett JJ, Elkaim LM, Alotaibi NM, Weber MH, Dea N, Abd-El-Barr MM, Cherry A, Yee A, Jaber N, Fehlings M, Cunningham E, Adams T, El-Mughayyar D, Bigney E, Vandewint A, Manson N, Abraham E, Small C, Attabib N, Richardson E, Hebert J, Werier J, Smit K, Villeneuve J, Sachs A, Abdelbary H, Al-Mosuli YK, Rakhra K, Phan P, Nagata K, Gum JL, Brown ME, Daniels CL, Carreon LY, Bonello JP, Koucheki R, Abbas A, Lex J, Nucci N, Whyne C, Larouche J, Ahn H, Finkelstein J, Lewis S, Toor J, Lee NJ, Orosz LD, Gum JL, Poulter GT, Jazini E, Haines CM, Good CR, Lehman RA, Crawford EJ, Ravinsky RA, Perruccio AV, Coyte PC, Rampersaud YR, Freire-Archer M, Sarraj M, AlShaalan F, Koziarz A, Thornley P, Alnemari H, Oitment C, Bharadwaj L, El-Mughayyar D, Bigney E, Manson N, Abraham E, Small C, Attabib N, Richardson E, Kearney J, Kundap U, Investigators C, Hebert J, Elkaim LM, Levett JJ, Niazi F, Bokhari R, Alotaibi NM, Lasry OJ, Bissonnette V, Yen D, Muddaluru VS, Gandhi P, Mastrolonardo A, Guha D, Pahuta MA, Christie SD, Vandertuin T, Ritcey G, Rainham D, Alhawsawi M, Mumtaz R, Abdelnour M, Qumquji F, Soroceanu A, Swamy G, Thomas K, Wai E, Phan P, Bhatt FR, Orosz LD, Yamout T, Good CR, Schuler TC, Nguyen T, Jazini E, Haines CM, Oppermann M, Gupta S, Ramjist J, Oppermann PS, Yang VXD, Levett JJ, Elkaim LM, Niazi F, Weber MH, Ioro-Morin C, Bonizzato M, Weil AG, Oppermann M, Ramjist J, Gupta S, Oppermann PS, Yang VXD, Jung Y, Muddalaru V, Gandhi P, Guha D, Koucheki R, Bonello JP, Abbas A, Lex JR, Nucci N, Whyne C, Yee A, Ahn H, Finkelstein J, Larouche J, Lewis S, Toor J, Dhawan A, Dhawan J, Sharma AN, Azzam DB, Cherry A, Fehlings MG, Orosz LD, Lee NJ, Yamout T, Gum JL, Lehman RA, Poulter GT, Haines CM, Jazini E, Good CR, Ridha BB, Persad A, Fourney D, Byers E, Gallagher M, Sugar J, Brown JL, Wang Z, Shen J, Boubez G, Al-Shakfa F, Yuh SJ, Shedid D, Rizkallah M, Singh M, Singh PK, Lawrence PL, Dell S, Goodluck-Tyndall R, Wade K, Morgan M, Bruce C, Silva YGMD, Pimenta N, LaRue B, Aldakhil S, Blanchard J, Couture J, Goulet J, Bednar DA, Raj R, Urquhart J, Bailey C, Christie SD, Greene R, Chaves JPG, Zarrabian M, Sigurdson L, Manoharan R, Cherry A, Iorio C, Srikandarajah N, Xu M, Raj A, Nielsen CJ, Rampersaud YR, Lewis SJ. Canadian Spine Society: 23rd Annual Scientific Conference, Wednesday, March 1 - Saturday, March 4, Fairmont Le Château Frontenac, Québec, Que., Canada. Can J Surg 2023; 66:S1-S53. [PMID: 37567613 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.006523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vivien Chan
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
- UCLA Health, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Geoffrey Shumilak
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - Andrew Nataraj
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | | | - Nicholas J Yee
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | - David Lebel
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - Mark W Camp
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - Neil Saran
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - Jean A Ouellet
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - Holly Livock
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Luke Beaton
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Andrew Tice
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Kevin Smit
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Ryan Graham
- Health Science Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Matias Pereira Duarte
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | | | | | - Julie Joncas
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
| | - Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - Hubert Labelle
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - Soraya Barchi
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
| | - Stefan Parent
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - Tara Gholamian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Holly Livock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Andrew Tice
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Kevin Smit
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Samuel Yoon
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Lebel
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - Mark W Camp
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chloe Cadieux
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Renan Fernandes
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | | | - Radovan Zdero
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Chris Bailey
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Parham Rasoulinejad
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kristen Beange
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Ryan Graham
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ont
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Holly Livock
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Kevin Smit
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gemah Moammer
- Grand River Hospital, Waterloo, Ont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - John Mc Phee
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont
| | - Taryn Walker
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthpaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Jennifer C Urquhart
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthpaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - R Andrew Glennie
- Departments of Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | | | - Charles G Fisher
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Chris S Bailey
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthpaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Brandon J Herrington
- London Health Sciences Centre combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic spine program, London, Ont
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Renan R Fernandes
- London Health Sciences Centre combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic spine program, London, Ont
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Jennifer C Urquhart
- London Health Sciences Centre combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic spine program, London, Ont
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - Parham Rasoulinejad
- London Health Sciences Centre combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic spine program, London, Ont
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - Fawaz Siddiqi
- London Health Sciences Centre combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic spine program, London, Ont
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - Christopher S Bailey
- London Health Sciences Centre combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic spine program, London, Ont
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - Jennifer Urquhart
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Renan R Fernandes
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - R Andrew Glennie
- Departments of Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | | | - Charles G Fisher
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Chris S Bailey
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Michael M H Yang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
- O'Brien Institute of Public Health, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jay Riva-Cambrin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | - Steven Casha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Chloe N Cadieux
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | | | - Renan Fernandes
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Andrew Glennie
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | - Charles Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Raja Rampersaud
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Greg McIntosh
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | | | | | | | - Mark Xu
- Krembil Research Institute Arthritis Institute, Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dana El-Mughayyar
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
| | - Erin Bigney
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - Eden Richardson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | - Neil Manson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
- Saint John Orthopaedics, Saint John, N.B
| | - Edward Abraham
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
- Saint John Orthopaedics, Saint John, N.B
| | - Najmedden Attabib
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
| | - Chris Small
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
- Saint John Orthopaedics, Saint John, N.B
| | - George Kolyvas
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
| | - Andre LeRoux
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
| | | | | | - Jeff Hebert
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
| | | | | | - Jesse Shen
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | | | | | - Zhi Wang
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - Ghassan Boubez
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - Tiffany Lung
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Mayilee Canizares
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Anthony Perruccio
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Raja Rampersaud
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Eric J Crawford
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Robert A Ravinsky
- Department of Orthopaedics & Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C
| | - Anthony V Perruccio
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Y Raja Rampersaud
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network & University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Peter C Coyte
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Michael Bond
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - John Street
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Charles Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Raphaele Charest-Morin
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Jason M Sutherland
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Arthur R Bartolozzi
- Combined Neurological and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Ori Barzilai
- AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland
| | - Dean Chou
- AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland
| | - Ilya Laufer
- AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland
| | | | - Arjun Sahgal
- AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Aron Lazary
- AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Weber
- AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefano Boriani
- AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul M Arnold
- AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Ziya L Gokaslan
- AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurological and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
- AO Foundation, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland
| | | | - Raphaele Charest-Morin
- Spine Surgery Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Ilya Laufer
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, N.Y
| | - William Teixeira
- Department of Orthopedic, Spine Surgery Division, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ori Barzilai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y
| | | | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Dean Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Spine Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, N.Y
| | | | - Ziya L Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Spine Surgery Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | - Tony Goldschlager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John H Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - John E O'Toole
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, N.Y
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Michael H Weber
- Spine Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - Addisu Mesfin
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, N.Y
| | - Norio Kawahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Division, Duke University, Durham, N.C
| | - Alexander Disch
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Aron Lazary
- National Center for Spinal Disorders, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Laurence Rhines
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Tex
| | - Charles G Fisher
- Spine Surgery Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Anne L Versteeg
- Division of Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Division of Imaging and Cancer, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roxanne Gal
- Division of Imaging and Cancer, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leilani Reich
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Angela Tsang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Allan Aludino
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jorrit-Jan Verlaan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Charles G Fisher
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Lenny Verkooijen
- Division of Imaging and Cancer, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark A MacLean
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | | | | | | | - C Rory Goodwin
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, N.C
| | - Michael Weber
- Combined Neurological and Orthopedic Spine Program, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcia Rebecca Correale
- University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto, Ont
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Leslie Jayne Soever
- University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto, Ont
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Raja Rampersaud
- University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Toronto, Ont
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohamed Sarraj
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - Patrick Thornley
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Frank Koziarz
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | | | - Edward Kachur
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Colby Oitment
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Armaan K Malhotra
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Michael Balas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Blessing N R Jaja
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Erin M Harrington
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Johann Hofereiter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Rachael H Jaffe
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Yingshi He
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - James P Byrne
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md
| | - Jefferson R Wilson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Christopher D Witiw
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | | | - Marcel F Dvorak
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Nathan Evaniew
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles G Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Raphaële Charest-Morin
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Tamir Ailon
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - John Street
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Brian K Kwon
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Ryan V Sandarage
- Neurosurgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Ahmad Galuta
- Neurosurgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | - Jason C S Kwan
- Neurosurgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Eve C TsaI
- Neurosurgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Laureen D Hachem
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - James Hong
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Alexander Velumian
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Andrea J Mothe
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Charles H Tator
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Husain Shakil
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | - Rachael Jaffe
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Armaan K Malhotra
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jefferson R Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Christopher D Witiw
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - Marcel F Dvorak
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Nathan Evaniew
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Melody Chen
- Praxis Spinal Cord Institute, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | - Jijie Xu
- Praxis Spinal Cord Institute, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | | | - Brian Kwon
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Charlotte Dandurand
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Sander Muijs
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dvorak
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Klaus Schnake
- Malteser Waldkrankenhaus Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Ouml Ner
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ryan Greene
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
- Neurosurgery Division, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, N.L
| | - Bradley Furlong
- Neurosurgery Division, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, N.L
| | | | - Michelle Swab
- Neurosurgery Division, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, N.L
| | - Sean D Christie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | - Amanda Hall
- Neurosurgery Division, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, N.L
| | | | | | | | - Marcel F Dvorak
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | - Ouml Ner
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Wee Tee
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - John C France
- Orthopedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W.V
| | - Richard Allen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, Calif
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte Dandurand
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | - Ouml Ner
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sander Muijs
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Klaus Schnake
- Malteser Waldkrankenhaus Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Marcel Dvorak
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | - Greg McIntosh
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathieu Laflamme
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - Greg McIntosh
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julien Goulet
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | - Greg McIntosh
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | - Sonia Bedard
- Neurosurgery Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | - Newton Pimenta
- Neurosurgery Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | - Jocelyn Blanchard
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | - Jerome Couture
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | - Bernard LaRue
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | | | - Tyler Adams
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
| | - Erin Cunningham
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
| | - Dana El-Mughayyar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
| | - Erin Bigney
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
| | - Amanda Vandewint
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, N.B
| | - Niel Manson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - Edward Abraham
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - Chris Small
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - Najmedden Attabib
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - Eden Richardson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - Jeffery Hebert
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
| | - Michael Bond
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - John Street
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Charles Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Raphaele Charest-Morin
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Jason M Sutherland
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Troy Hillier
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | - Chris S Bailey
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Charles Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Raja Rampersaud
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - R Andrew Glennie
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Ben-Israel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Eric J Crawford
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Charles Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Eldon Spackman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Raja Rampersaud
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Kenneth C Thomas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Cherry
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Aditiya Raj
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Mark Xu
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Carlo Iorio
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Chris Bailey
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Charles Fisher
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Hamilton Hall
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Neil Manson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - Kenneth Thomas
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Mayilee Canizares
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
- Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Yoga Raja Rampersaud
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | - Jennifer Urquhart
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Renan R Fernandes
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - R Andrew Glennie
- Departments of Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | | | - Charles G Fisher
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Chris Bailey
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Michael M H Yang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
- O'Brien Institute of Public Health, Calgary, Alta
| | - Rena Far
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Tolulope Sajobi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jay Riva-Cambrin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Steven Casha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Michael Bond
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - John Street
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Charles Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Raphaele Charest-Morin
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Jason M Sutherland
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James McDonald
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, N.L
| | | | | | - Abdulmajeed Alahmari
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Raja Rampersaud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Charles Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Chris Bailey
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Andrew Glennie
- Division of Orthopedics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | - Nathan Evaniew
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Matthew Coyle
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | | | - W Bradley Jacobs
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - David W Cadotte
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Kenneth C Thomas
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | - Jérôme Paquet
- Department of Surgery, Université de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - Andrew Nataraj
- Neurosurgery Division, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Sean D Christie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | - Michael H Weber
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Philippe Phan
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Raphaële Charest-Morin
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Charles G Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Hamilton Hall
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Armaan K Malhotra
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Aileen M Davis
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Yingshi He
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Erin M Harrington
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Blessing N R Jaja
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Mary P Zhu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Husain Shakil
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - W Bradley Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - David W Cadotte
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jérôme Paquet
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - Michael H Weber
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - Sean D Christie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | - Andrew Nataraj
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Christopher S Bailey
- Division of Orthopaedics, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - Michael G Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedics and Neurosurgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Charles G Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Neil Manson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John Orthopedics, Dalhousie University, Saint John, N.B
| | - Y Raja Rampersaud
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Kenneth C Thomas
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Hamilton Hall
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Henry Ahn
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Howard J Ginsberg
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Christopher D Witiw
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jefferson R Wilson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John Orthopedics, Dalhousie University, Saint John, N.B
| | - Alwalaa Althagafi
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Greg McIntosh
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | - Raphaële Charest-Morin
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Michael A Rizzuto
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Tamir Ailon
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Nathan Evaniew
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | - Bradley W Jacobs
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jerome Paquet
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - Raja Rampersaud
- Divisions of Orthopaedics and Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Hamilton Hall
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Christopher S Bailey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - Michael G Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Andrew Nataraj
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Najmedden Attabib
- Canada East Spine Centre, Division of Neurosurgery, Zone 2, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - David W Cadotte
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Neil Manson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John Orthopedics, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John Campus, Saint John, N.B
| | | | - Sean D Christie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | - Kenneth C Thomas
- Divisions of Orthopaedics and Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - Charles G Fisher
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Raphaele Charest-Morin
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vishal P Varshney
- Department of Anesthesia, Providence Healthcare, Vancouver, B.C
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Ramesh Sahjpaul
- Department of Anesthesia, Providence Healthcare, Vancouver, B.C
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Scott Paquette
- Department of Anesthesia, Providence Healthcare, Vancouver, B.C
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | - Jill Osborn
- Department of Anesthesia, Providence Healthcare, Vancouver, B.C
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Greg McIntosh
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Xu
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra Stratton
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Sarah Tierney
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Eugene K Wai
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Philippe Phan
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Stephen Kingwell
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Barend Spanninga
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
| | - Thomáy-Claire A Hoelen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobus J C Arts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands
| | - Chris S Bailey
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Jennifer C Urquhart
- London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
| | - R Andrew Glennie
- Departments of Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | | | - Charles G Fisher
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | - Lior M Elkaim
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Naif M Alotaibi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael H Weber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
| | | | | | - Albert Yee
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Nadia Jaber
- University of Toronto Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - Erin Cunningham
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
| | - Tyler Adams
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
| | - Dana El-Mughayyar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
| | - Erin Bigney
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
| | - Amanda Vandewint
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, N.B
| | - Neil Manson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - Edward Abraham
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - Chris Small
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | | | | | - Jeffery Hebert
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
| | - Joel Werier
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Kevin Smit
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - James Villeneuve
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Adam Sachs
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Hesham Abdelbary
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | - Kawan Rakhra
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Philippe Phan
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Koucheki
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Aazad Abbas
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Johnathan Lex
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Nicholas Nucci
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Cari Whyne
- Holland Musculoskeletal Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jeremie Larouche
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Henry Ahn
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Joel Finkelstein
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jay Toor
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Nathan J Lee
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, N.Y
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric J Crawford
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Robert A Ravinsky
- Department of Orthopaedics & Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C
| | - Anthony V Perruccio
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Peter C Coyte
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Y Raja Rampersaud
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network & University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - Mohamed Sarraj
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Fawaz AlShaalan
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alex Koziarz
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | - Colby Oitment
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Lalita Bharadwaj
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
| | - Dana El-Mughayyar
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
| | - Erin Bigney
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
| | - Neil Manson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
| | - Edward Abraham
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
- Saint John Orthopaedics, Saint John, N.B
| | - Chris Small
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
- Saint John Orthopaedics, Saint John, N.B
| | - Najmedden Attabib
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, N.B
| | - Eden Richardson
- Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
- Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
- Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network, Markdale, Ont
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Hebert
- Orthopaedic Surgery Division, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B
| | - Lior M Elkaim
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - Farbod Niazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - Rakan Bokhari
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - Oliver J Lasry
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | | | - Varun S Muddaluru
- Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Pranjan Gandhi
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - Daipayan Guha
- Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Markian A Pahuta
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | - Mamdoh Alhawsawi
- King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | | | - Feras Qumquji
- King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Oppermann
- Department of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont
- Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ont
| | - Shaurya Gupta
- Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ont
| | - Joel Ramjist
- Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ont
| | - Priscila Santos Oppermann
- Department of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Victor X D Yang
- Department of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont
- Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - Lior M Elkaim
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Farbod Niazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - Michael H Weber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Christian Ioro-Morin
- Service de neurochirurgie, Département de chirurgie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | - Marco Bonizzato
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Que
- Department of Neuroscience and Centre interdisciplinaire sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Division of Neurosurgery, St-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - Marcelo Oppermann
- Department of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont
- Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ont
| | - Joel Ramjist
- Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ont
| | - Shaurya Gupta
- Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ont
| | - Priscila S Oppermann
- Department of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont
| | - Victor X D Yang
- Department of Clinical Neurological Science, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont
- Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ont
| | - Youngkyung Jung
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Varun Muddalaru
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Pranjan Gandhi
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Daipayan Guha
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | - Aazad Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Johnathan R Lex
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Nicholas Nucci
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Cari Whyne
- Sunnybrook Holland Musculoskeletal Research Program, Toronto, Ont
| | - Albert Yee
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Henry Ahn
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Joel Finkelstein
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jeremie Larouche
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
- Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jay Toor
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Alaina Dhawan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - Jillian Dhawan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - Ajay N Sharma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Calif
| | - Daniel B Azzam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Mass
| | - Ahmed Cherry
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | | | - Nathan J Lee
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, N.Y
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Byers
- Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa
| | | | | | - Justin L Brown
- Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shevaughn Dell
- University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Kevin Wade
- University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Carl Bruce
- Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies, Jamaica
| | | | - Newton Pimenta
- Surgery Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | - Bernard LaRue
- Surgery Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | - Salman Aldakhil
- Surgery Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | | | - Jerome Couture
- Surgery Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
| | - Julien Goulet
- Surgery Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
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Cohen D, Sandman E, Saran N, Petrisor B, Bhandari M, Veljkovic A, Leucht A, Downey EA, Martineau P. Evidence-based treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. Can J Surg 2023; 66:E356-E357. [PMID: 37402560 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.008321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SummaryThe treatment of Achilles tendon rupture has recently seen a shift toward non-operative management, as supported by the literature, yet many surgeons continue to treat these injuries operatively. The evidence clearly supports non-operative management of these injuries except for Achilles insertional tears and for certain patient groups, such as athletic patients, for whom further research is warranted. This nonadherence to evidence-based treatment may be explained by patient preference, surgeon subspecialty, surgeon era of practice or other variables. Further research to understand the reasons behind this nonadherence would help to promote conformity in the surgical community across all specialties and adherence to evidence-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cohen
- From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont. (Cohen, Petrisor, Bhandari); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Sandman); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Saran, Martineau); Department of Orthopaedics, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Veljkovic, Leucht, Downey)
| | - Emilie Sandman
- From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont. (Cohen, Petrisor, Bhandari); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Sandman); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Saran, Martineau); Department of Orthopaedics, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Veljkovic, Leucht, Downey)
| | - Neil Saran
- From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont. (Cohen, Petrisor, Bhandari); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Sandman); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Saran, Martineau); Department of Orthopaedics, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Veljkovic, Leucht, Downey)
| | - Brad Petrisor
- From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont. (Cohen, Petrisor, Bhandari); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Sandman); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Saran, Martineau); Department of Orthopaedics, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Veljkovic, Leucht, Downey)
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont. (Cohen, Petrisor, Bhandari); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Sandman); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Saran, Martineau); Department of Orthopaedics, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Veljkovic, Leucht, Downey)
| | - Andrea Veljkovic
- From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont. (Cohen, Petrisor, Bhandari); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Sandman); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Saran, Martineau); Department of Orthopaedics, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Veljkovic, Leucht, Downey)
| | - Anna Leucht
- From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont. (Cohen, Petrisor, Bhandari); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Sandman); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Saran, Martineau); Department of Orthopaedics, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Veljkovic, Leucht, Downey)
| | - Emilie-Ann Downey
- From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont. (Cohen, Petrisor, Bhandari); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Sandman); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Saran, Martineau); Department of Orthopaedics, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Veljkovic, Leucht, Downey)
| | - Paul Martineau
- From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont. (Cohen, Petrisor, Bhandari); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Montreal, Montréal, Que. (Sandman); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que. (Saran, Martineau); Department of Orthopaedics, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Veljkovic, Leucht, Downey)
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McKechnie T, Lee Y, Dionne J, Doumouras A, Parpia S, Bhandari M, Eskicioglu C. Very low energy diets prior to bariatric surgery may reduce postoperative morbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1211575. [PMID: 37408988 PMCID: PMC10319356 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1211575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To optimize patients prior to bariatric surgery, very low energy diets (VLEDs) are often employed for 2-4 weeks preoperatively. They are known to result in preoperative weight loss, decrease liver volume, and decrease surgeon-perceived operative difficulty. Their impact on postoperative morbidity has been less extensively studied. We performed a focused systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim of comparing preoperative VLEDs prior to bariatric surgery with controls in terms of overall postoperative morbidity. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched from database inception to February 2023. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing postoperative morbidity in adult patients (i.e., over the age of 18) receiving a VLED with liquid formulation to those receiving a non-VLED control prior to elective bariatric surgery. Outcomes included overall 30-day postoperative morbidity and preoperative weight loss. An inverse variance meta-analysis was performed with GRADE assessment of the quality of evidence. Results After reviewing 2,525 citations, four RCTs with 294 patients receiving preoperative VLEDs with liquid formulation and 294 patients receiving a non-VLED control met inclusion. Patients receiving VLED experienced significantly more preoperative weight loss than patients receiving control (mean difference (MD) 3.38 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-5.70, p = 0.004, I2 = 95%). According to low certainty evidence, there was a non-significant reduction in 30-day postoperative morbidity in patients receiving VLED prior to bariatric surgery (risk ratio (RR) 0.67, 95%CI 0.39-1.17, p = 0.16, I2 = 0%). Conclusion The impact of preoperative VLEDs on postoperative outcomes following bariatric surgery remains unclear. It is possible that VLEDs may contribute to decreased postoperative morbidity, but further larger prospective trials are required to investigate the signal identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler McKechnie
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yung Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joanna Dionne
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aristithes Doumouras
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sameer Parpia
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Schemitsch EH, Nowak LL, Schulz AP, Brink O, Poolman RW, Mehta S, Stengel D, Zhang CQ, Martinez S, Kinner B, Chesser TJS, Bhandari M. Intramedullary Nailing vs Sliding Hip Screw in Trochanteric Fracture Management: The INSITE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2317164. [PMID: 37278998 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.17164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Fractures of the hip have devastating effects on function and quality of life. Intramedullary nails (IMN) are the dominant implant choice for the treatment of trochanteric fractures of the hip. Higher costs of IMNs and inconclusive benefit in comparison with sliding hip screws (SHSs) convey the need for definitive evidence. Objective To compare 1-year outcomes of patients with trochanteric fractures treated with the IMN vs an SHS. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial was conducted at 25 international sites across 12 countries. Participants included ambulatory patients aged 18 years and older with low-energy trochanteric (AO Foundation and Orthopaedic Trauma Association [AO/OTA] type 31-A1 or 31-A2) fractures. Patient recruitment occurred between January 2012 and January 2016, and patients were followed up for 52 weeks (primary end point). Follow-up was completed in January 2017. The analysis was performed in July 2018 and confirmed in January 2022. Interventions Surgical fixation with a Gamma3 IMN or an SHS. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was health-related quality of life (HRQOL), measured by the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ5D) at 1-year postsurgery. Secondary outcomes included revision surgical procedure, fracture healing, adverse events, patient mobility (measured by the Parker mobility score), and hip function (measured by the Harris hip score). Results In this randomized clinical trial, 850 patients were randomized (mean [range] age, 78.5 [18-102] years; 549 [64.6% female) with trochanteric fractures to undergo fixation with either the IMN (n = 423) or an SHS (n = 427). A total of 621 patients completed follow-up at 1 year postsurgery (304 treated with the IMN [71.9%], 317 treated with an SHS [74.2%]). There were no significant differences between groups in EQ5D scores (mean difference, 0.02 points; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.07 points; P = .42). Furthermore, after adjusting for relevant covariables, there were no between-group differences in EQ5D scores (regression coefficient, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.05; P = .81). There were no between-group differences for any secondary outcomes. There were also no significant interactions for fracture stability (β [SE] , 0.01 [0.05]; P = .82) or previous fracture (β [SE], 0.01 [0.10]; P = .88) and treatment group. Conclusions and Relevance This randomized clinical trial found that IMNs for the treatment of trochanteric fractures had similar 1-year outcomes compared with SHSs. These results suggest that the SHS is an acceptable lower-cost alternative for trochanteric fractures of the hip. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01380444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil H Schemitsch
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren L Nowak
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Dirk Stengel
- BG Kliniken: Klinikverbund der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Comeau-Gauthier M, Bzovsky S, Axelrod D, Poolman RW, Frihagen F, Bhandari M, Schemitsch E, Sprague S. Is the use of bipolar hemiarthroplasty over monopolar hemiarthroplasty justified? A propensity score-weighted analysis of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Bone Jt Open 2023; 4:370-377. [PMID: 37203362 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.45.bjo-2023-0026.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Using data from the Hip Fracture Evaluation with Alternatives of Total Hip Arthroplasty versus Hemiarthroplasty (HEALTH) trial, we sought to determine if a difference in functional outcomes exists between monopolar and bipolar hemiarthroplasty (HA). Methods This study is a secondary analysis of patients aged 50 years or older with a displaced femoral neck fracture who were enrolled in the HEALTH trial and underwent monopolar and bipolar HA. Scores from the Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) Physical Component Summary (PCS) and (MCS) were compared between the two HA groups using a propensity score-weighted analysis. Results Of 746 HAs performed in the HEALTH trial, 404 were bipolar prostheses and 342 were unipolar. After propensity score weighting, adequate balance between the bipolar and unipolar groups was obtained as shown by standardized mean differences less than 0.1 for each covariable. A total of 24 months after HA, the total WOMAC score and its subcomponents showed no statistically significant difference between the unipolar and bipolar groups. Similarly, no statistically significant difference was found in the PCS and MCS scores of the SF-12 questionnaire. In participants aged 70 years and younger, no difference was found in any of the functional outcomes. Conclusion From the results of this study, the use of bipolar HA over unipolar design does not provide superior functional outcomes at 24 months postoperatively. The theoretical advantage of reduced acetabular wear with bipolar designs does not appear to influence functional outcomes in the first two years postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Comeau-Gauthier
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Bzovsky
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Axelrod
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rudolf W Poolman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam and LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frede Frihagen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emil Schemitsch
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila Sprague
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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46
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Jerome E, Giet L, Wiggins T, Graham Y, Pouwels S, Rajeev Y, Madhok B, Bhandari M, Ahmed S, Ludwig C, Hanif W, Mahawar K, Singhal R. Global trends in BMS research using publication as a surrogate marker: A 30 year review. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023:S1871-403X(23)00041-8. [PMID: 37188620 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic with increasing prevalence and long-term negative health outcomes. Bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS) is the most effective treatment option for achieving long-term weight loss. A systematic search was performed from 1990 to 2020 of BMS procedures using standardised groups. Data were collected on operation type reported, country and continent of publication. North America and Europe were the leading contributors to global publications in BMS, producing 41.3 % (n = 4931) and 37.1 % (n = 4436) of publications respectively, with increasing publications from Asia. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) were the most studied procedure types with number of publications continuing to increase over time. A plateau and downward trend was seen for Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band (LAGB) publication from 2015 to 2019. An increase in emerging/experimental techniques over the past decade is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Jerome
- Upper GI Unit, Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Charles Hastings Way, Worcester, UK; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Leeying Giet
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tom Wiggins
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yitka Graham
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Sjaak Pouwels
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Yashasvi Rajeev
- Paediatric Department, Hillingdon Hospital, Hillingdon Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brijesh Madhok
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Bhandari Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, India
| | - Saleem Ahmed
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wasim Hanif
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK; Diabetes Department, University Hospital Birmingham and Birmingham City University, UK
| | - Kamal Mahawar
- Department of Surgery, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Trust, Sunderland, UK; University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Rishi Singhal
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Healthier Weight, UK.
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Freire-Archer M, Sarraj M, Koziarz A, Thornley P, Alshaalan F, Alnemari H, Kachur E, Bhandari M, Oitment C. Incidence and Recurrence of Deep Spine Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023:00007632-990000000-00352. [PMID: 37163651 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE To determine a pooled incidence rate for deep SSI, and compare available evidence for deep surgical site infection (SSI) management among instrumented spinal fusions. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Deep SSI is a common complication of instrumented spinal surgery associated with patient morbidity, poorer long-term outcomes, and higher healthcare costs. METHODS We systematically searched Medline and Embase, and included studies with an adult patient population undergoing posterior instrumented spinal fusion of the thoracic, lumbar or sacral spine, with a reported outcome of deep SSI. The primary outcome was the incidence of deep SSI. Secondary outcomes included persistent deep SSI following initial debridement, mean number of debridements, and microbiology. Subsequent meta-analysis combined outcomes for surgical-site infection using a random-effects model and quantified heterogeneity using the χ2 test and the I2 statistic. Additionally, qualitative analysis of management strategies was reported. RESULTS Of 9087 potentially eligible studies, we included 54 studies (37 comparative, 17 non-comparative). The pooled SSI incidence rate was 1.5% (95% CI, 1.1% to 1.9%) based on 209,347 index procedures. Up to 25% of patients (95% CI 16.8% to 35.3%), had a persistent infection. These patients require an average of 1.4 (range: 0.8-1.9) additional debridements. Infecting organisms were commonly gram-positive and among them, staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent (46%). Qualitative analysis suggests implant retention, especially for early deep SSI management. Evidence was limited for other management strategies. CONCLUSIONS The pooled incidence rate of deep SSI post-thoracolumbar spinal surgery is 1.5%. The rate of recurrence and repeat debridement is at least 12%, up to 25%. Persistent infection is a significant risk, highlighting the need for standardized treatment protocols. Our review further demonstrates heterogeneity in management strategies. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to develop better evidence around deep SSI incidence and management in the instrumented thoracolumbar adult spinal fusion population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millaray Freire-Archer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Sarraj
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Koziarz
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Thornley
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- London Health Science Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fawaz Alshaalan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Alnemari
- Department of Spine, King Faisal Medical City, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Spine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Kachur
- McMaster University, Division of Neurosurgery, Hamilton General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colby Oitment
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Stengel D, Spranger N, Bhandari M, Giannoudis PV. Clinical research- turning an oxymoron into symbiosis. Injury 2023; 54 Suppl 3:S1. [PMID: 37419551 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Stengel
- BG Kliniken - Hospital Group of the German Federal Statutory Accident Insurance, Leipziger Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nikolai Spranger
- Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2 × 2, Canada
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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Thabane A, Busse JW, Sonnadara R, Bhandari M. Investigating divergent thinking and creative ability in surgeons (IDEAS): a survey protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069873. [PMID: 37041058 PMCID: PMC10106042 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A strong pipeline of creative ideas and individuals is critical if we are to tackle the complex healthcare challenges we will face in the 21st century. The field of creativity is severely underinvestigated in the context of surgery, and it is of interest to explore the level and nature of creativity in surgeons, across various specialties and backgrounds. Identifying the areas of surgery with strong and weak levels of creativity, as well as the predictors of high creativity among surgeons, may aid in the selection and training of future surgeons. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A convenience sample of surgeons from the Department of Surgery and McMaster University will be used for the recruitment of participants. The Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults, a three-part test of divergent thinking ability, will be administered to measure the level and nature of creativity among surgeons. Descriptive analyses and multiple linear regression models are planned to synthesise the results of the survey and identify predictors of divergent thinking ability among surgeons. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval from the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board was obtained. No harm is expected due to participation in this study. The results of this survey will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated through conferences and presentations at the regional, national and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Thabane
- Department of Health Research, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, National Institute for Medical Research, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jason W Busse
- Department of Health Research, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranil Sonnadara
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Saka N, Chiang CM, Ogawa T, Pendleton AA, Tsuihiji K, Nomura K, Watanabe Y, Bhandari M. Trend of female first authorship in Journal of Orthopaedic Science, the official journal of the Japanese orthopaedic association from 2001 to 2021: An observational study. J Orthop Sci 2023:S0949-2658(23)00077-5. [PMID: 36964116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are underrepresented in orthopaedic surgery, especially in Japan. Authorship is associated with representation and career advancement, but the academic representation of women in Japanese orthopaedic surgery has not been elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the proportion of female first authorship and its associating factors, as well as trends in the Journal of Orthopaedic Science (JOS), the official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. METHODS The study reviewed original articles published in JOS from 2002 to 2021 using data from PubMed on March 16, 2022. The gender of the first and last authors was determined using genderize. io, an online gender detection tool and manual search. The study used multivariable logistic regression to identify the factors associated with female first authorship and visualized the trend of predicted probability using restricted cubic spline curve. RESULTS Among 2272 original articles, 148 (6.5%) and 79 (3.5%) had female first and last authors, respectively. Compared with 2002-2006, female first authorship significantly increased in 2012-2016 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-4.05; p = 0.03) and 2017-2021 (aOR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.46-5.276; p = 0.002). Affiliation with an institution in Japan (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35-0.74; p < 0.001) and affiliation in orthopaedics (aOR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.11-0.23; p < 0.001) were negatively associated with female first authorship. Around 2020, the trend showed a gradual then rapid increase in women with non-orthopaedic affiliations. Only a very small increase was observed in women with an orthopaedic affiliation. CONCLUSIONS Female first authorship in JOS has been increasing. However, the proportion of female authors remains low. Authors outside of Japan and not affiliated with orthopaedics largely affect female authorship statistics. The results indicate the persistent gender gap in the academic representation of women in Japanese orthopaedic publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Saka
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Scientific Research WorkS Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG), Osaka, Japan.
| | - Chi-Ming Chiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Scientific Research WorkS Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG), Osaka, Japan
| | - Anna Alaska Pendleton
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Kanako Tsuihiji
- Trauma and Reconstruction Center, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
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