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Comparative Performances of Vitek-2, Disk Diffusion, and Broth Microdilution for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0034921. [PMID: 34132581 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00349-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the primary cause of canine cutaneous infections and is sporadically isolated as a pathogen from humans. Rapidly emerging antibiotic-resistant strains are creating serious health concerns so that accurate and timely antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial for patient care. Here, the performances of the AST methods Vitek-2, disk diffusion (DD) and broth microdilution (BMD) were compared for the determination of susceptibility of 79 S. pseudintermedius isolates from canine cutaneous infections and one from human pyoderma to oxacillin (OXA), amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC), cephalothin (CEF), gentamicin (GEN), enrofloxacin (ENR), doxycycline (DOX), clindamycin (CLI), inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR), mupirocin (MUP), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT). Overall, the agreement of DD and Vitek-2 using the veterinary AST-GP80 card with reference BMD was ≥90%, suggesting reliable AST performances. While DD generated mainly minor errors and one major error for OXA, Vitek-2 produced one very major error for GEN, and it failed in identifying one ICR-positive isolate. Moreover, five bacteria were diagnosed as ICR-positive by Vitek-2, but they showed a noninduction resistance phenotype with manual methods. All S. pseudintermedius isolates were interpreted as susceptible or intermediately susceptible to DOX using CLSI breakpoints for human staphylococci that match the DOX concentration range included in AST-GP80. However, this could lead to inappropriate antimicrobial prescription for S. pseudintermedius infections in companion animals. Considering the clinical and epidemiological importance of S. pseudintermedius, we encourage updating action by the system manufacturer to address AST for this bacterium.
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Bes TM, Perdigão-Neto L, Martins RR, Heijden I, Trindade PDA, Camilo G, Nagano DS, Mongelos D, Marchi AP, Tomaz M, Oliveira LMD, Rossi F, Levin AS, Costa SF. Susceptibility to chlorhexidine and mupirocin among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from a teaching hospital. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63:e27. [PMID: 33852710 PMCID: PMC8046504 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202163027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of chlorhexidine (CHX) to prevent infection, data
regarding the in vitro action of CHX against
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) are limited. Clinical isolates from Hospital das Clinicas,
Sao Paulo, Brazil, identified during 2002/2003 and 2012/2013 were studied to
describe the susceptibility to CHX and mupirocin, molecular characteristics, and
virulence profile of MRSA. Susceptibility test to Mupirocin was performed by the
disk diffusion method and to CHX by the agar dilution technique. PCR for
virulence genes, mecA gene and Staphylococcal Cassette
Chromosome mec (SCCmec) types were
investigated as well. Mupirocin- and CHX-resistant isolates were sequenced using
the IlluminaTM plataform. Two hundred and sixteen MRSA clinical
isolates were evaluated: 154 from infected and 62 from colonized patients.
Resistance to mupirocin was observed in four isolates assigned as
SCCmec type III and STs (ST05; ST239 and ST105) carrying
mupA and blaZ, two of them co-harboring
the ileS gene. Only one isolate assigned as
SCCmec type III was resistant to CHX (MIC of 8.0
μg.mL-1) and harbored the qacA gene. Resistance
to chlorhexidine and mupirocin were found in isolates carrying
qacA and mupA in our hospital. Since these
genes are plasmid-mediated, this finding draws attention to the potential spread
of resistance to mupirocin in our hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniela Marli Bes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauro Perdigão-Neto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ruedas Martins
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inneke Heijden
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gaspar Camilo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Satie Nagano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Mongelos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Marchi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariama Tomaz
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Rossi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Sara Levin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Kang DY, Hong JS, Park BY, Jang IH, Kim D, Lee H, Jeong SH. Performance Evaluation of Newly Developed Korean Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Panels for MicroScan System Using Clinical Isolates from Teaching Hospitals in Korea. ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5145/acm.2019.22.3.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sangji University College of Health Science, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeol Yi Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sangji University College of Health Science, Wonju, Korea
| | - In-Ho Jang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sangji University College of Health Science, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dokyun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Khoshnood S, Heidary M, Asadi A, Soleimani S, Motahar M, Savari M, Saki M, Abdi M. A review on mechanism of action, resistance, synergism, and clinical implications of mupirocin against Staphylococcus aureus. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1809-1818. [PMID: 30551435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mupirocin (MUP), bactroban, or pseudomonic acid is a natural crotonic acid derivative drug extracted from Pseudomonas fluorescens which is produced by modular polyketide synthases. This antibiotic has a unique chemical structure and mechanism of action. It is a mixture of A-D pseudomonic acids and inhibits protein synthesis through binding to bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. MUP is often prescribed to prevent skin and soft tissue infections caused by S. aureus isolates and where the MRSA isolates are epidemic, MUP may be used as a choice drug for nasal decolonization. It is also used for prevention of recurring infections and control the outbreaks. The emergence of MUP resistance has been increasing particularly among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in many parts of the world and such resistance is often related with MUP widespread uses. Although both low-level and high-level MUP resistance were reported among MRSA isolates, the rate of resistance is different in various geographic areas. In this review, we will report the global prevalence of MUP resistance, discuss synergism and mechanism of action of MUP, and provide new insights into the clinical use of this antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saleh Soleimani
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Moloudsadat Motahar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Savari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahtab Abdi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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5
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van der Heijden IM, de Oliveira LM, Brito GC, Abdala E, Freire MP, Rossi F, D'Albuquerque LAC, Levin ASS, Costa SF. Virulence and resistance profiles of MRSA isolates in pre- and post-liver transplantation patients using microarray. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1060-1073. [PMID: 27473165 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening plays a great role in preventing infections in surgical patients. This study aims to evaluate clonality, virulence and resistance of MRSA in pre- and post-liver transplantation (LT) patients. Nasal and groin swabs of 190 patients were collected. PCR for virulence genes and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, microarray, PFGE, multilocus sequence typing and MIC were performed. MRSA carriers were detected in 20.5 % (39/190) of the patients. However, only three colonized patients developed infections post-LT. Sixty-nine MRSA isolates were identified, and the most frequent SCCmec type was type II (29/69; 42.0 %). Most isolates (57/69; 82.6 %) were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and harboured the lukD, lukE, clf and fnbA genes as determined by PCR. Five sequence types (ST) were identified among nine clones; 36.2 % (25/69) isolates belonged to a predominant clone (ST105 and SCCmec type II) that was susceptible to TMP/SMX, mupirocin and chlorhexidine, which had 87.9 % similarity with the New York/Japan clone. The array showed virulence difference in isolates of the same clone and patients and that colonized isolates (pre-LT patients) were less virulent than those post-LT and those infected. Therefore, despite the high frequency of MRSA colonization, infection due to MRSA was uncommon in our LT unit. MRSA isolates presented great diversity. Isolates of the same clone expressed different virulence factors by array. Colonizing isolates pre-LT expressed less virulent factors than post-LT and infecting isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inneke Marie van der Heijden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 54), Hospital das Clínicas - FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Infectious Diseases, FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Discipline of Microbiology and Immunology, ABC Medicine School, FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marques de Oliveira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 54), Hospital das Clínicas - FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glauber Costa Brito
- ICESP - Institute of Cancer of Sao Paulo, FFM, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Abdala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology of the Central Laboratory (LIM 03), Hospital das Clínicas - FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Carneiro D'Albuquerque
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas - FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Sara Shafferman Levin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 54), Hospital das Clínicas - FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Infection Control, Hospital das Clínicas - FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 54), Hospital das Clínicas - FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Infection Control, Hospital das Clínicas - FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Bierowiec K, Płoneczka-Janeczko K, Rypuła K. Is the Colonisation of Staphylococcus aureus in Pets Associated with Their Close Contact with Owners? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156052. [PMID: 27227897 PMCID: PMC4882014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In human beings and animals, staphylococci constitute part of the normal microbial population. Staphylococcus aureus could be classified as an opportunistic pathogen because the bacteria are noted in clinically healthy individuals, but when the immune system becomes compromised, they can also cause a wide range of infections. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that cats who are in close contact with their owners are at the greatest risk of being colonised with S. aureus. Two groups of cats were investigated: single, pet (domestic) cats that do not have outdoor access; and a local population of feral cats living in urban areas. The prevalence of S. aureus in domestic cats was 19.17%, while it's prevalence in the feral cat population was only 8.3%; which was statistically significant. Analysis of antibiotic resistance, at the genotypic as well as phenotypic level, showed that S. aureus isolates from pet cats were more likely to harbour antibiotic resistant determinants. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in households was 10.21%, while in feral cats it was only 1.4%. In conclusion, this study has revealed a correlation between close contact with humans and a higher risk of the cats being colonised with S. aureus and harbouring the antibiotic resistant determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bierowiec
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Płoneczka-Janeczko
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rypuła
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Chlorhexidine and mupirocin susceptibilities of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from colonized nursing home residents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 57:552-8. [PMID: 23147721 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01623-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorhexidine and mupirocin are used in health care facilities to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of chlorhexidine and mupirocin resistance in isolates from nares carriers in multiple nursing homes and to examine characteristics associated with resistance. Nasal swab samples were collected from approximately 100 new admissions and 100 current residents in 26 nursing homes in Orange County, CA, from October 2008 to May 2011. MRSA isolates were tested for susceptibility by using broth microdilution, disk diffusion, and Etest; for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; and for qac gene carriage by PCR. Characteristics of the nursing homes and their residents were collected from the Medicare Minimum Data Set and Long-Term Care Focus. A total of 829 MRSA isolates were obtained from swabbing 3,806 residents in 26 nursing homes. All isolates had a chlorhexidine MIC of ≤4 μg/ml. Five (0.6%) isolates harbored the qacA and/or qacB gene loci. Mupirocin resistance was identified in 101 (12%) isolates, with 78 (9%) isolates exhibiting high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR). HLMR rates per facility ranged from 0 to 31%. None of the isolates with HLMR displayed qacA or qacB, while two isolates carried qacA and exhibited low-level mupirocin resistance. Detection of HLMR was associated with having a multidrug-resistant MRSA isolate (odds ratio [OR], 2.69; P = 0.004), a history of MRSA (OR, 2.34; P < 0.001), and dependency in activities of daily living (OR, 1.25; P = 0.004). In some facilities, HLMR was found in nearly one-third of MRSA isolates. These findings may have implications for the increasingly widespread practice of MRSA decolonization using intranasal mupirocin.
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8
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Wiegand C, Abel M, Ruth P, Hipler UC. Analysis of the Adaptation Capacity of Staphylococcus aureus to Commonly Used Antiseptics by Microplate Laser Nephelometry. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 25:288-97. [DOI: 10.1159/000341222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Emergence of high-level mupirocin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with increased short-term mupirocin use. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2947-50. [PMID: 22760047 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00302-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In our hospital, mupirocin has increasingly been used for peri-operative decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus. The target for mupirocin is isoleucyl tRNA synthetase (ileS). High-level resistance to mupirocin is conferred by acquisition of plasmids expressing a distinct ileS gene (ileS2). Here we evaluated the longitudinal trends in high-level mupirocin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and linked this to the presence of ileS2 genes and mupirocin use. We assessed mupirocin resistance in CoNS bloodstream isolates from 2006 to 2011 tested by Phoenix automated testing (PAT). We evaluated the reliability of PAT results using Etest. PAT species determination was confirmed by MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight) mass spectrometry. We investigated the presence of ileS2 in the first 100 consecutive CoNS bloodstream isolates of each year using RT-PCR. Mupirocin use increased from 3.6 kg/year in 2006 to 13.3 kg/year in 2010 and correlated with the increase in the percentage of CoNS isolates carrying ileS2 (8% in 2006 to 22% in 2011; Spearman's rho, 0.137; P = 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of PAT for detecting high-level mupirocin resistance were 0.97 and 0.97, respectively. ileS2 was detected in 81 of 82 phenotypically highly mupirocin-resistant strains and associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. In conclusion, we found a rapid increase in high-level resistance to mupirocin and resistance to other antibiotics in CoNS associated with an increase in mupirocin use. The associated resistance to other antibiotics may result in a reduction of oral antibiotic options for prolonged treatment of prosthetic infections with CoNS.
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10
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Morosini MI, Cercenado E, Ardanuy C, Torres C. Detección fenotípica de mecanismos de resistencia en microorganismos grampositivos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:325-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Fulham KS, Lemarie SL, Hosgood G, Dick HLN. In vitro susceptibility testing of meticillin-resistant and meticillin-susceptible staphylococci to mupirocin and novobiocin. Vet Dermatol 2010; 22:88-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Lectura interpretada del antibiograma de cocos gram positivos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2010; 28:541-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Evaluation of
mupA
Evigene in Comparison to Disk Diffusion for Detection of High-Level Mupirocin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of
Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:2953-4. [DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02237-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
High-level mupirocin resistance (H-Mu
r
) in
S. aureus
is associated with the
mupA
gene. The
mupA
Evigene test rapidly identifies this gene. This study assessed the performance of
mupA
Evigene compared to that of susceptibility disk testing.
mupA
Evigene detected H-Mu
r
in 6/179
S. aureus
isolates, and the results were concordant with those of susceptibility disk testing.
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14
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Abstract
Mupirocin, a polyketide antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, is used to control the carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on skin and in nasal passages as well as for various skin infections. Low-level resistance to the antibiotic arises by mutation of the mupirocin target, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, whereas high-level resistance is due to the presence of an isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase with many similarities to eukaryotic enzymes. Mupirocin biosynthesis is carried out by a combination of type I multifunctional polyketide synthases and tailoring enzymes encoded in a 75 kb gene cluster. Chemical synthesis has also been achieved. This knowledge should allow the synthesis of new and modified antibiotics for the future.
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15
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Yao J, Zhang Q, Min J, He J, Yu Z. Novel enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) potential inhibitors of Escherichia coli from Chinese medicine monomers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:56-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Denis O, Jans B, Deplano A, Nonhoff C, De Ryck R, Suetens C, Struelens MJ. Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among residents of nursing homes in Belgium. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 64:1299-306. [PMID: 19808236 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A national survey was conducted to determine the prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage among nursing home (NH) residents in Belgium. METHODS A random stratified, cross-sectional prevalence survey was conducted in NH residents who were screened for MRSA carriage by multisite enriched culture. Characteristics of NHs and residents were collected by a questionnaire survey and analysed by two-stage logistic regression modelling. MRSA isolates were genotyped by PFGE, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and resistance genes. RESULTS Of 2953 residents screened in 60 NHs, 587 (19.9%) were MRSA carriers. Risk factors included hospital contact, antibiotic exposure, impaired mobility and skin lesions at the resident level, and lack of MRSA surveillance, lack of antibiotic therapeutic formulary and the combination of less-developed infection control activities and a high ratio of physicians to residents at the institution level. MRSA isolates showed eight major types, three of which were predominant: B2-ST45-SCCmec IV (49%; where ST stands for sequence type); A21-ST8-SCCmec IV (13%); and A20-ST8-SCCmec IV (10%). Each was recovered in 55, 21 and 25 NHs, respectively. The geographical distribution of NH genotypes paralleled that of acute-care hospitals. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of MRSA carriage in NH residents was associated with hospital care, co-morbidities and less-developed coordination of institutional care. The predominant MRSA strains from NH residents and hospitalized patients of the same area were identical. Strengthening and coordination of MRSA surveillance and control activities are warranted within and between NHs and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Denis
- Laboratoire de Référence MRSA-Staphylocoques, Department of Microbiology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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