1
|
Deshpande A, Likhar R, Khan T, Omri A. Decoding drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: genetic insights and future challenges. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39219506 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2400536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB), particularly its drug-resistant forms (MDR-TB and XDR-TB), continues to pose a significant global health challenge. Despite advances in treatment and diagnosis, the evolving nature of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complicates TB eradication efforts. This review delves into the complexities of anti-TB drug resistance, its mechanisms, and implications on healthcare strategies globally. AREAS COVERED We explore the genetic underpinnings of resistance to both first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs, highlighting the role of mutations in key genes. The discussion extends to advanced diagnostic techniques, such as Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS), CRISPR-based diagnostics and their impact on identifying and managing drug-resistant TB. Additionally, we discuss artificial intelligence applications, current treatment strategies, challenges in managing MDR-TB and XDR-TB, and the global disparities in TB treatment and control, translating to different therapeutic outcomes and have the potential to revolutionize our understanding and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. EXPERT OPINION The current landscape of anti-TB drug resistance demands an integrated approach combining advanced diagnostics, novel therapeutic strategies, and global collaborative efforts. Future research should focus on understanding polygenic resistance and developing personalized medicine approaches. Policymakers must prioritize equitable access to diagnosis and treatment, enhancing TB control strategies, and support ongoing research and augmented government funding to address this critical public health issue effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amey Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rupali Likhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LSHGCT's Gahlot Institute of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh D, Sarkar B, Yadav S, Sarkar K. Silent epidemic of silicotuberculosis in India and emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis? J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 38:163-166. [PMID: 38825150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES India's projected silica-dust-exposed workers will be 52 million at the end of 2025. The elimination of tuberculosis (TB) is also targeted in India by 2025. Scientists in India have already pointed out that unless silicosis is controlled, the said elimination will be difficult to achieve. METHODS AND RESULTS This study provides evidence of an increasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB) including multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) with mortality owing to treatment failure among the silica dust-exposed workers compared to their unexposed counterpart. It was also observed that TB as well as MDR-TB were directly proportional to the dose and/or duration of silica dust exposure (progression of silica-dust induced lung damage). This means the occurrence of both TB and MDR-TB is lowest in the unexposed group, moderate in the radiologically negative but silica dust-exposed group (subradiological silicosis owing to moderate exposure), and highest in the radiologically confirmed silicotic workers (maximally exposed group). Because India has a huge burden of silicosis cases, the said cases are vulnerable to pulmonary TB, including MDR-TB. The study indicates there will be an emergence of MDR-TB among the silica dust-exposed workers unless appropriate intervention measures are initiated with immediate effect. Failure to do so, it will probably lead to a silent epidemic of silicotuberculosis in India shortly. CONCLUSIONS It is important to have tools to detect silicosis cases quickly and at an early stage to identify a vulnerable population and adopt an effective intervention measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bidisa Sarkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Gouri Devi Institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Tuberculosis and Chest, Autonomous State Medical College and Hospital, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamalesh Sarkar
- Department of Public Health, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sabt A, Abdulla MH, Ebaid MS, Pawełczyk J, Abd El Salam HA, Son NT, Ha NX, Vaali Mohammed MA, Traiki T, Elsawi AE, Dziadek B, Dziadek J, Eldehna WM. Identification of 2-( N-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) quinoline derivatives as antitubercular agents endowed with InhA inhibitory activity. Front Chem 2024; 12:1424017. [PMID: 39170867 PMCID: PMC11337105 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1424017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis strains has become a significant economic burden globally. To tackle this challenge, there is a need to develop new drugs that target specific mycobacterial enzymes. Among these enzymes, InhA, which is crucial for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a key target for drug development. Herein, 24 compounds were synthesized by merging 4-carboxyquinoline with triazole motifs. These molecules were then tested for their effectiveness against different strains of tuberculosis, including M. bovis BCG, M. tuberculosis, and M. abscessus. Additionally, their ability to inhibit the InhA enzyme was also evaluated. Several molecules showed potential as inhibitors of M. tuberculosis. Compound 5n displayed the highest efficacy with a MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL. Compounds 5g, 5i, and 5n exhibited inhibitory effects on InhA. Notably, 5n showed significant activity compared to the reference drug Isoniazid. Molecular docking analysis revealed interactions between these molecules and their target enzyme. Additionally, the molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes formed by quinoline-triazole conjugate 5n with the InhA. Finally, 5n underwent in silico analysis to predict its ADME characteristics. These findings provide promising insights for developing novel small compounds that are safe and effective for the global fight against tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal S. Ebaid
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jakub Pawełczyk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Ha
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mansoor-Ali Vaali Mohammed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Traiki
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. Elsawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Bozena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu Z, Liang YC, Berton S, Liu L, Zou J, Chen L, Xu Z, Luo C, Sun J, Yang W. Small Molecule Targeting PPM1A Activates Autophagy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Host-Directed Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11917-11936. [PMID: 38958057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the infectious agent of tuberculosis (TB), causes over 1.5 million deaths globally every year. Host-directed therapies (HDT) for TB are desirable for their potential to shorten treatment and reduce the development of antibiotic resistance. Previously, we described a modular biomimetic strategy to identify SMIP-30, targeting PPM1A (IC50 = 1.19 μM), a metal-dependent phosphatase exploited by Mtb to survive intracellularly. SMIP-30 restricted the survival of Mtb in macrophages and lungs of infected mice. Herein, we redesigned SMIP-30 to create SMIP-031, which is a more potent inhibitor for PPM1A (IC50 = 180 nM). SMIP-031 efficiently increased the level of phosphorylation of S403-p62 and the expression of LC3B-II to activate autophagy, resulting in the dose-dependent clearance of Mtb in infected macrophages. SMIP-031 possesses a good pharmacokinetic profile and oral bioavailability (F = 74%). In vivo, SMIP-031 is well tolerated up to 50 mg/kg and significantly reduces the bacteria burden in the spleens of infected mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Chu Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stefania Berton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Liping Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongliang Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jim Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Weibo Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Islam T, Josephs EA. Genome editing outcomes reveal mycobacterial NucS participates in a short-patch repair of DNA mismatches. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae402. [PMID: 38747340 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the canonical DNA mismatch repair (MMR) mechanism in bacteria, if a nucleotide is incorrectly mis-paired with the template strand during replication, the resulting repair of this mis-pair can result in the degradation and re-synthesis of hundreds or thousands of nucleotides on the newly-replicated strand (long-patch repair). While mycobacteria, which include important pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lack the otherwise highly-conserved enzymes required for the canonical MMR reaction, it was found that disruption of a mycobacterial mismatch-sensitive endonuclease NucS results in a hyper-mutative phenotype, leading to the idea that NucS might be involved in a cryptic, independently-evolved DNA MMR mechanism, perhaps mediated by homologous recombination (HR) with a sister chromatid. Using oligonucleotide recombination, which allows us to introduce mismatches specifically into the genomes of a model for M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, we find that NucS participates in a direct repair of DNA mismatches where the patch of excised nucleotides is largely confined to within ∼5-6 bp of the mis-paired nucleotides, which is inconsistent with mechanistic models of canonical mycobacterial HR or other double-strand break (DSB) repair reactions. The results presented provide evidence of a novel NucS-associated mycobacterial MMR mechanism occurring in vivo to regulate genetic mutations in mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanjina Islam
- Department of Nanoscience, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Eric A Josephs
- Department of Nanoscience, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahmud K, Yashir T, Zubair A. First-principles calculations on monolayer WX 2 (X = S, Se) as an effective drug delivery carrier for anti-tuberculosis drugs. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2447-2458. [PMID: 38694461 PMCID: PMC11059492 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01095c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, necessitating the exploration of novel drug delivery systems to combat the challenges posed by conventional approaches. We investigated the potential of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as an innovative platform for efficient and targeted delivery of antituberculosis drugs. Specifically, the electronic and optical properties of prominent TB drugs, isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA), adsorbed on tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayers were studied using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The investigation revealed that the band gaps of WSe2 and WS2 monolayers remain unaltered upon adsorption of PZA or INH, with negative adsorption energy indicating stable physisorption. We explored different vertical and horizontal configurations, and the horizontal ones were more stable. When INH and PZA drugs were horizontally adsorbed together on WSe2, the most stable configuration was found with an adsorption energy of -2.35 eV. Moreover, the adsorbed drugs could be readily released by light within the visible or near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range. This opened up possibilities for their potential application in photothermal therapy, harnessing the unique properties of these 2D materials. The comprehensive analysis of the band structures and density of states provides valuable insights into how the drug molecules contributed to the conduction and valence bands. The optical responses of anti-TB drugs adsorbed in 2D WSe2 and WS2 were similar to those of pristine 2D WSe2 and WS2. We demonstrated the temperature-dependent release mechanism of our 2D WSe2 and WS2 drug complexes, confirming the feasibility of releasing the discussed anti-tuberculosis drugs by generating heat through photothermal therapy. These findings hold significant promise for developing innovative drug delivery systems that have enhanced efficacy for targeted and low-toxic TB treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mahmud
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Taki Yashir
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Zubair
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tafess K, Ng TTL, Tam KKG, Leung KSS, Leung JSL, Lee LK, Lao HY, Chan CTM, Yam WC, Wong SSY, Lau TCK, Siu GKH. Genetic mechanisms of co-emergence of INH-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains during the standard course of antituberculosis therapy. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0213323. [PMID: 38466098 PMCID: PMC10986572 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of isoniazid (INH) resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is increasing globally. This study aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms behind the development of INH resistance in M. tuberculosis strains collected from the same patients during the standard course of treatment. Three M. tuberculosis strains were collected from a patient before and during antituberculosis (anti-TB) therapy. The strains were characterized using phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, Mycobacterial Interspersed Repeated Unit-Variable-Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify mutations associated with INH resistance. To validate the role of the novel mutations in INH resistance, the mutated katG genes were electroporated into a KatG-deleted M. tuberculosis strain (GA03). Three-dimensional structures of mutated KatG were modeled to predict their impact on INH binding. The pre-treatment strain was susceptible to INH. However, two INH-resistant strains were isolated from the patient after anti-TB therapy. MIRU-VNTR and WGS revealed that the three strains were clonally identical. A missense mutation (P232L) and a nonsense mutation (Q461Stop) were identified in the katG of the two post-treatment strains, respectively. Transformation experiments showed that katG of the pre-treatment strain restored INH susceptibility in GA03, whereas the mutated katG genes from the post-treatment strains rendered negative catalase activity and INH resistance. The protein model indicated that P232L reduced INH-KatG binding affinity while Q461Stop truncated gene transcription. Our results showed that the two katG mutations, P232L and Q461Stop, accounted for the co-emergence of INH-resistant clones during anti-TB therapy. The inclusion of these mutations in the design of molecular assays could increase the diagnostic performance.IMPORTANCEThe evolution of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the lung lesions of a patient has a detrimental impact on treatment outcomes. This is particularly concerning for isoniazid (INH), which is the most potent first-line antimycobacterial drug. However, the precise genetic factors responsible for drug resistance in patients have not been fully elucidated, with approximately 15% of INH-resistant strains harboring unknown genetic factors. This raises concerns about the emergence of drug-resistant clones within patients, further contributing to the global epidemic of resistance. In this study, we revealed the presence of two novel katG mutations, which emerged independently due to the stress exerted by antituberculosis (anti-TB) treatment on a parental strain. Importantly, we experimentally demonstrated the functional significance of both mutations in conferring resistance to INH. Overall, this research sheds light on the genetic mechanisms underlying the evolution of INH resistance within patients and provides valuable insights for improving diagnostic performance by targeting specific mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketema Tafess
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Timothy Ting-Leung Ng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kingsley King-Gee Tam
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth Siu-Sing Leung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jake Siu-Lun Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lam-Kwong Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hiu Yin Lao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chloe Toi-Mei Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Cheong Yam
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samson Sai Yin Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Terrence Chi-Kwong Lau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gilman Kit-Hang Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bi Y, Wang J, Bian X, Chen M, Zhu G, Zhang Y, Gu Q. Na 2S 2O 3 Catalyzed Three-Component Synthesis and Anti-Bacterial Activity of 3-Methyl-4-(hetero)arylmethylene isoxazole-5(4H)-ones. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400073. [PMID: 38366673 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and green method for synthesizing 3-methyl-4-(hetero) arylmethylene isoxazole-5(4H)-ones was developed using a recyclable and environmental-friendly catalyst, Na2S2O3, and 16 target compounds were successfully synthesized under the obtained optimal reaction condition. Using rifampicin as a positive control, the antibacterial activity of all synthesized compounds was tested by micro dilution method, among them, 3-methyl-4-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl) methylene]-isoxazole-5-one (4 m) presented wonderful antimicrobial activity, which may contribute to the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Bi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Bian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guangyuan Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khaleel EF, Sabt A, Korycka-Machala M, Badi RM, Son NT, Ha NX, Hamissa MF, Elsawi AE, Elkaeed EB, Dziadek B, Eldehna WM, Dziadek J. Identification of new anti-mycobacterial agents based on quinoline-isatin hybrids targeting enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA). Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107138. [PMID: 38262087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue that poses a significant economic burden as a result of the ongoing emergence of drug-resistant strains. The urgent requirement for the development of novel antitubercular drugs can be addressed by targeting specific enzymes. One such enzyme, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) enoyl-acyl carrier protein (enoyl-ACP) reductase (InhA), plays a crucial role in the survival of the MTB bacterium. In this research study, a series of hybrid compounds combining quinolone and isatin were synthesized and assessed for their effectiveness against MTB, as well as their ability to inhibit the activity of the InhA enzyme in this bacterium. Among the compounds tested, 7a and 5g exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against MTB, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 55 and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. These compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory effects on InhA and demonstrated significant activity compared to the reference drug Isoniazid (INH), with IC50 values of 0.35 ± 0.01 and 1.56 ± 0.06 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies investigated the interactions between compounds 7a and 5g and the target enzyme, revealing hydrophobic contacts with important amino acid residues in the active site. To further confirm the stability of the complexes formed by 5g and 7a with the target enzyme, molecular dynamic simulations were employed, which demonstrated that both compounds 7a and 5g undergo minor structural changes and remain nearly stable throughout the simulated process, as assessed through RMSD, RMSF, and Rg values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Malgorzata Korycka-Machala
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rehab Mustafa Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Ha
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Mohamed Farouk Hamissa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmed E Elsawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bozena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brunner VM, Fowler PW. Compensatory mutations are associated with increased in vitro growth in resistant clinical samples of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001187. [PMID: 38315172 PMCID: PMC10926696 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with resistance to antibiotics often come with a fitness cost for the bacteria. Resistance to the first-line drug rifampicin leads to lower competitive fitness of M. tuberculosis populations when compared to susceptible populations. This fitness cost, introduced by resistance mutations in the RNA polymerase, can be alleviated by compensatory mutations (CMs) in other regions of the affected protein. CMs are of particular interest clinically since they could lock in resistance mutations, encouraging the spread of resistant strains worldwide. Here, we report the statistical inference of a comprehensive set of CMs in the RNA polymerase of M. tuberculosis, using over 70 000 M. tuberculosis genomes that were collated as part of the CRyPTIC project. The unprecedented size of this data set gave the statistical tests more power to investigate the association of putative CMs with resistance-conferring mutations. Overall, we propose 51 high-confidence CMs by means of statistical association testing and suggest hypotheses for how they exert their compensatory mechanism by mapping them onto the protein structure. In addition, we were able to show an association of CMs with higher in vitro growth densities, and hence presumably with higher fitness, in resistant samples in the more virulent M. tuberculosis lineage 2. Our results suggest the association of CM presence with significantly higher in vitro growth than for wild-type samples, although this association is confounded with lineage and sub-lineage affiliation. Our findings emphasize the integral role of CMs and lineage affiliation in resistance spread and increases the urgency of antibiotic stewardship, which implies accurate, cheap and widely accessible diagnostics for M. tuberculosis infections to not only improve patient outcomes but also prevent the spread of resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip W. Fowler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, UK
- Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vishwakarma S, Srivastava SK, Khare NK, Chaubey S, Chaturvedi V, Trivedi P, Khan S, Khan F. Synthesis and Structural Activity Relationship Study of Ursolic Acid Derivatives as Antitubercular Agent. Med Chem 2024; 20:630-645. [PMID: 37946341 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064256660231027042758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The chemical transformation of ursolic acid (UA) into novel C-3 aryl ester derivatives and in vitro and silico assessment of their antitubercular potential. BACKGROUND UA is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid with many pharmacological properties. Semisynthetic UA analogs have demonstrated enhanced anticancer, antimalarial, and antifilarial properties in our previous studies. METHODS The C-30 carboxylic group of previously isolated UA was protected, and various C-3 aryl ester derivatives were semi-synthesized. The agar dilution method was used to evaluate the in vitro antitubercular efficacy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Ra. In silico docking studies of the active derivative were carried out against Mtb targets, catalase peroxidase (PDB: 1SJ2), dihydrofolate reductase (PDB: 4M2X), enoyl-ACP reductase (PDB: 4TRO), and cytochrome bc1 oxidase (PDB: 7E1V). RESULTS The derivative 3-O-(2-amino,3-methyl benzoic acid)-ethyl ursolate (UA-1H) was the most active among the eight derivatives (MIC1 2.5 μg/mL) against Mtb H37Ra. Also, UA-1H demonstrated significant binding affinity in the range of 10.8-11.4 kcal/mol against the antiTb target proteins, which was far better than the positive control Isoniazid, Ethambutol, and co-crystallized ligand (HEM). Moreover, the predicted hit UA-1H showed no inhibition of Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), suggesting its potential for favorable metabolism in Phase I clinical studies. CONCLUSION The ursolic acid derivative UA-1H possesses significant in vitro antitubercular potential with favorable in silico pharmacokinetics. Hence, further in vivo assessments are suggested for UA-1H for its possible development into a secure and efficient antitubercular drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadhna Vishwakarma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Santosh K Srivastava
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Naveen K Khare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shiwa Chaubey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Vinita Chaturvedi
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Priyanka Trivedi
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sana Khan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Farnia P, Besharati S, Farina P, Ayoubi S, Marjani M, Ghanavi J, Tabarsi P, Velayati AA. The Role of Efflux Pumps transporter in Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis: Mycobacterial memberane protein(MmpL5). Int J Mycobacteriol 2024; 13:7-14. [PMID: 38771273 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_37_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of efflux pumps (Eps) was reported to contribute to multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Increases in Eps that expel structurally unrelated drugs contribute to reduced susceptibility by decreasing the intracellular concentration of antibiotics. In the present study, an association of mycobacterial membrane protein (MmpS5-MmpL5) Ep and its gene regulator (Rv0678) was investigated in MDR-tuberculosis isolates. METHODS MTB strains were isolated from patients at two different intervals, i.e., once when they had persistent symptoms despite 3-15 ≥ months of treatment and once when they had started new combination therapy ≥2-3 months. Sputum specimens were subjected to Xpert MTB/rifampicin test and then further susceptibility testing using proportional method and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed on them. The isolates were characterized using both 16S-23S RNA and hsp65 genes spacer (PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was investigated on two isolates from culture-positive specimen per patient. The protein structure was simulated using the SWISS-MODEL. The input format used for this web server was FASTA (amino acid sequence). Protein structure was also analysis using Ramachandran plot. RESULTS WGS documented deletion, insertion, and substitution in transmembrane transport protein MmpL5 (Rv0676) of Eps. Majority of the studied isolates (n = 12; 92.3%) showed a unique deletion mutation at three positions: (a) from amino acid number 771 (isoleucine) to 776 (valine), (b) from amino acid number 785 (valine) to 793 (histidine), and (c) from amino acid number 798 (leucine) to 806 (glycine)." One isolate (7.6%) had no deletion mutation. In all isolates (n = 13; 100%), a large insertion mutation consisting of 94 amino acid was observed "from amino acid number 846 (isoleucine) to amino acid number 939 (leucine)". Thirty-eight substitutions in Rv0676 were detected, of which 92.3% were identical in the studied isolates. WGS of mycobacterial membrane proteins (MmpS5; Rv0677) and its gene regulator (Rv0678) documented no deletion, insertion, and substitution. No differences were observed between MmpS5-MmpL5 and its gene regulator in isolates that were collected at different intervals. CONCLUSIONS Significant genetic mutation like insertion, deletion, and substitution within transmembrane transport protein MmpL5 (Rv0676) can change the functional balance of Eps and cause a reduction in drug susceptibility. This is the first report documenting a unique amino acid mutation (insertion and deletion ≥4-94) in Rv0676 among drug-resistant MTB. We suggest the changes in Mmpl5 (Rv0676) might occurred due to in-vivo sub-therapeutic drug stress within the host cell. Changes in MmpL5 are stable and detected through subsequent culture-positive specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parissa Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Besharati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Farina
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Ayoubi
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalaledin Ghanavi
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Verma A, Naik B, Kumar V, Mishra S, Choudhary M, Khan JM, Gupta AK, Pandey P, Rustagi S, Kakati B, Gupta S. Revolutionizing Tuberculosis Treatment: Uncovering New Drugs and Breakthrough Inhibitors to Combat Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2369-2385. [PMID: 37944023 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health threat that causes significant mortality. This review explores chemotherapeutics that target essential processes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as DNA replication, protein synthesis, cell wall formation, energy metabolism, and proteolysis. We emphasize the need for new drugs to treat drug-resistant strains and shorten the treatment duration. Emerging targets and promising inhibitors were identified by examining the intricate biology of TB. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the search for anti-TB drugs with a focus on newly validated targets and inhibitors. We aimed to contribute to efforts to combat TB and improve therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Verma
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bindu Naik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura 281406, UP, India
| | - Megha Choudhary
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchur 788011, Assam, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, UCALS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Barnali Kakati
- Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, U.K., India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xia F, Zhang H, Yang H, Zheng M, Min W, Sun C, Yuan K, Yang P. Targeting polyketide synthase 13 for the treatment of tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115702. [PMID: 37544185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most threatening diseases for humans, however, the drug treatment strategy for TB has been stagnant and inadequate, which could not meet current treatment needs. TB is caused by Mycobacterial tuberculosis, which has a unique cell wall that plays a crucial role in its growth, virulence, and drug resistance. Polyketide synthase 13 (Pks13) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of the cell wall and its critical role is only found in Mycobacteria. Therefore, Pks13 is a promising target for developing novel anti-TB drugs. In this review, we first introduced the mechanism of targeting Pks13 for TB treatment. Subsequently, we focused on summarizing the recent advance of Pks13 inhibitors, including the challenges encountered during their discovery and the rational design strategies employed to overcome these obstacles, which could be helpful for the development of novel Pks13 inhibitors in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huanaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wenjian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mekonnen D, Munshea A, Nibret E, Adnew B, Getachew H, Kebede A, Gebrewahid A, Herrera-Leon S, Aramendia AA, Benito A, Abascal E, Jacqueline C, Aseffa A, Herrera-Leon L. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sub-Lineage 4.2.2/SIT149 as Dominant Drug-Resistant Clade in Northwest Ethiopia 2020-2022: In-silico Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6859-6870. [PMID: 37908783 PMCID: PMC10614653 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s429001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Drug resistance (DR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is mainly associated with certain lineages and varies across regions and countries. The Beijing genotype is the leading resistant lineage in Asia and western countries. M. tuberculosis (Mtb) (sub) lineages responsible for most drug resistance in Ethiopia are not well described. Hence, this study aimed to identify the leading drug resistance sub-lineages and characterize first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020-2022 among new and presumptive multidrug resistant-TB (MDR-TB) cases in Northwest Ethiopia. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 161 isolates using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 technology. The SNP mutations associated with drug resistance were identified using MtbSeq and TB profiler Bioinformatics softwares. Results Of the 146 Mtb isolates that were successfully genotyped, 20 (13.7%) harbored one or more resistance-associated SNPs. L4.2.2.ETH was the leading drug-resistant sub-lineage, accounting for 10/20 (50%) of the resistant Mtb. MDR-TB isolates showed extensive mutations against first-line anti-TB drugs. Ser450Leu/(tcg/tTg) for Rifampicin (RIF), Ser315Thr/(agc/aCc) for Isoniazid (INH), Met306Ile/(atg/atA(C)) for Ethambutol (EMB), and Gly69Asp for Streptomycin (STR) were the leading resistance associated mutations which accounted for 56.5%, 89.5%, 47%, and 29.4%, respectively. The presence of both clustered and non-clustered drug resistance (DR) isolates indicated that the epidemics is driven by both new DR development and acquired resistance. Conclusion The high prevalence of drug-resistant TB due to geographically restricted sub-lineages (L4.2.2.ETH) indicates the ongoing local micro epidemics. The Mtb drug resistance surveillance system must be improved. Further evolutionary analysis of L4.2.2.ETH strain is highly desirable to understand evolutionary forces that leads L4.2.2.ETH in to high level DR and transmissible sub-lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mekonnen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Health Biotechnology Division, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abaineh Munshea
- Health Biotechnology Division, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalkachew Nibret
- Health Biotechnology Division, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Amiro Kebede
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Silvia Herrera-Leon
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Agustín Benito
- National Center of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Abascal
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camille Jacqueline
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Laura Herrera-Leon
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Islam T, Josephs EA. Genome Editing Outcomes Reveal Mycobacterial NucS Participates in a Short-Patch Repair of DNA Mismatches. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563644. [PMID: 37961639 PMCID: PMC10634747 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In the canonical DNA mismatch repair (MMR) mechanism in bacteria, if during replication a nucleotide is incorrectly mis-paired with the template strand, the resulting repair of this mis-pair can result in the degradation and re-synthesis of hundreds or thousands of nucleotides on the newly-replicated strand (long-patch repair). While mycobacteria, which include important pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lack the otherwise highly-conserved enzymes required for the canonical MMR reaction, it was found that disruption of a mycobacterial mismatch-sensitive endonuclease NucS results in a hyper-mutative phenotype, which has led to the idea that NucS might be involved in a cryptic, independently-evolved DNA MMR mechanism. It has been proposed that nuclease activity at a mismatch might result in correction by homologous recombination (HR) with a sister chromatid. Using oligonucleotide recombination, which allows us to introduce mismatches during replication specifically into the genomes of a model for M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, we find that NucS participates in a direct repair of DNA mismatches where the patch of excised nucleotides is largely confined to within ~5 - 6 bp of the mis-paired nucleotides, which is inconsistent with mechanistic models of canonical mycobacterial HR or other double-strand break (DSB) repair reactions. The results presented provide evidence of a novel NucS-associated mycobacterial MMR mechanism occurring in vivo to regulate genetic mutations in mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanjina Islam
- Department of Nanoscience, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Eric A. Josephs
- Department of Nanoscience, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nguyen TBN, Nguyen TKD, Trương VH, Tran TTN, Phan VBT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen HB, Ngo VQT, Mai VT, Molicotti P. Drug resistance and the genotypic characteristics of rpoB and katG in rifampicin- and/or isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in central Vietnam. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:347-355. [PMID: 37920892 PMCID: PMC10626318 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) are national health burdens in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of rifampicin (RIF) and/or isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) resistance in patients with suspected TB, and applied appropriate techniques to help rapidly target DR-TB. METHODS In total, 1,547 clinical specimens were collected and cultured using the BACTEC MGIT system (Becton Dickinson and Co.). A resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) was used to determine the proportions of RIF and/or INH resistance. A real-time polymerase chain reaction panel with TaqMan probes was employed to identify the mutations of rpoB and katG associated with DR-TB in clinical isolates. Genotyping of the identified mutations was also performed. RESULTS A total of 468 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were identified using the REMA. Of these isolates, 106 (22.6%) were found to be resistant to 1 or both antibiotics. Of the resistant isolates, 74 isolates (69.8%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only, while 1 isolate (0.94%) was resistant to RIF only. Notably, 31 isolates (29.24%) were resistant to both antibiotics. Of the 41 phenotypically INH-resistant isolates, 19 (46.3%) had the Ser315Thr mutation. There were 8 different rpoB mutations in 22 (68.8%) of the RIF-resistant isolates. The most frequently detected mutations were at codons 531 (37.5%), 526 (18.8%), and 516 (6.3%). CONCLUSION To help prevent new cases of DR-TB in Vietnam, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the genotypic DR-TB isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Binh Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Thi Tuyet Ngoc Tran
- Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - van Bao Thang Phan
- Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Thi Tuyen Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Bach Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Viet Quynh Tram Ngo
- Department of Microbiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Van Tuan Mai
- Department of Microbiology, Hue Central Hospital, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Paola Molicotti
- Department of Biomedical Science, Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khan MT, Mahmud A, Islam MM, Sumaia MSN, Rahim Z, Islam K, Iqbal A. Multi-epitope vaccine against drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a proteome-wide subtraction and immunoinformatics approach. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e42. [PMID: 37813638 PMCID: PMC10584640 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, one of the most deadly infections in humans. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mtb strains presents a global challenge. Mtb has shown resistance to many frontline antibiotics, including rifampicin, kanamycin, isoniazid, and capreomycin. The only licensed vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin, does not efficiently protect against adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop new vaccines to prevent infections caused by these strains. We used a subtractive proteomics approach on 23 virulent Mtb strains and identified a conserved membrane protein (MmpL4, NP_214964.1) as both a potential drug target and vaccine candidate. MmpL4 is a non-homologous essential protein in the host and is involved in the pathogen-specific pathway. Furthermore, MmpL4 shows no homology with anti-targets and has limited homology to human gut microflora, potentially reducing the likelihood of adverse effects and cross-reactivity if therapeutics specific to this protein are developed. Subsequently, we constructed a highly soluble, safe, antigenic, and stable multi-subunit vaccine from the MmpL4 protein using immunoinformatics. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stability of the vaccine-bound Toll-like receptor-4 complex on a nanosecond scale, and immune simulations indicated strong primary and secondary immune responses in the host. Therefore, our study identifies a new target that could expedite the design of effective therapeutics, and the designed vaccine should be validated. Future directions include an extensive molecular interaction analysis, in silico cloning, wet-lab experiments, and evaluation and comparison of the designed candidate as both a DNA vaccine and protein vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Tahsin Khan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Araf Mahmud
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Muzahidul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Sayedatun Nessa Sumaia
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Zeaur Rahim
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khalifa A, Khalil A, Abdel-Aziz MM, Albohy A, Mohamady S. Isatin-pyrimidine hybrid derivatives as enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106591. [PMID: 37201321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a worldwide problem that impose a burden on the economy due to continuous development of resistant strains. The development of new antitubercular drugs is a need and can be achieved through inhibition of druggable targets. Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (InhA) is an important enzyme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival. In this study, we report the synthesis of isatin derivatives that could treat TB through inhibition of this enzyme. Compound 4l showed IC50 value (0.6 ± 0.94 µM) similar to isoniazid but is also effective against MDR and XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (MIC of 0.48 and 3.9 µg/mL, respectively). Molecular docking studies suggest that this compound binds through the use of relatively unexplored hydrophobic pocket in the active site. Molecular dynamics was used to investigate and support the stability of 4l complex with the target enzyme. This study paves the way for the design and synthesis of novel antitubercular drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalrahman Khalifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Amira Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology & Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt.
| | - Samy Mohamady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mollalign H, Getahun M, Diriba G, Alemu A, Chala D, Tulu B, Ameni G. Genetic diversity and drug sensitivity profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among children in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284363. [PMID: 37506094 PMCID: PMC10381036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) affects about one million children every year. The burden of the disease is higher in developing countries. However, there is limited information on the lineages and drug sensitivity patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infecting children in these countries, including Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the different lineages of the M. tuberculosis complex causing childhood pulmonary tuberculosis and evaluate the drug-sensitivity patterns to the first-line anti-TB drugs. METHOD A total of 54 stored cultures were used in this study. The region of difference 9 (RD9) based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and spoligotyping were employed for the identification of the isolates at the species and lineages level respectively. Lineage identification was done by using the pre-existing database. Identification of clustering of the spoligotype patterns was by using the SPOLIDB3-based model. The result was retrieved by the most probable family format. Furthermore, the phenotypic, and genotypic drug-sensitivity test (DST) was performed using Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT™ 960) and GenoTypeMTBDRplus assay respectively. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 27 software. RESULT Spoligotyping produced 39 interpretable results for M. tuberculosis. The majority (74.4%) of them were clustered into 7 groups, while the rest (25.6%) were single. The Euro-American (EA) lineage was the predominant lineage (64.1%) followed by the East-African Indian (EAI) (30.8%) and M. Africanum (5.1%) lineages. The most predominant subtypes were SIT37 (15.4%), SIT149 (12.8%), SIT25 (7.7%), and SIT53 (7.7%). Furthermore, of the identified SITs, T1 and CAS families consisted of 38.5% and 28.2% of the lineages respectively. Drug susceptibility was 91.9% by phenotypic method and 97.4% by molecular assay. The overall prevalence of any resistance was 7.8% and there was a single MDR-TB. CONCLUSION Many of the isolates belong to the modern lineages (Euro American) representing the most common circulating strains in the country. More importantly, despites the tiny isolates tested, drug resistance is low. To fully describe the molecular epidemiology of MTBC lineages in children, we recommend a prospective large-scale study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilina Mollalign
- National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, TB/HIV Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muluwork Getahun
- National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, TB/HIV Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Diriba
- National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, TB/HIV Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ayinalem Alemu
- National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, TB/HIV Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Chala
- National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, TB/HIV Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Begna Tulu
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Gobena Ameni
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu Y, Chi Y, Feng X, Yu F, Li H, Shang Y, Pan J, Pang Y. Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of MeltPro and Next-Generation Sequencing in Determining Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Isolates. J Mol Diagn 2023; 25:342-351. [PMID: 37208048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the performance of MeltPro and next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients and explored the relationship between nucleotide alteration and the level of phenotypic susceptibility to FQs. From March 2019 to June 2020, a feasibility and validation study with both MeltPro and next-generation sequencing was performed in 126 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Using phenotypic drug susceptibility testing as the gold standard, 95.3% (82 of 86) of ofloxacin-resistant isolates were identified correctly by MeltPro. In addition, whole-genome sequencing was able to detect 83 phenotypically ofloxacin-resistant isolates. The isolates with an individual gyrB mutation outside the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ≤2 μg/mL. Despite showing low MICs close to the breakpoint for isolates carrying only gyrA_Ala90Val, the combined mutation gyrB_Asp461Asn caused the ofloxacin MIC to be eight higher than that obtained in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates with the Ala90Val mutation alone (median, 32 μg/mL; P = 0.038). Heteroresistance was observed in 12 of 88 isolates harboring mutations in the QRDRs. In conclusion, our data show that MeltPro and the whole-genome sequencing assay correctly can identify FQ resistance caused by mutations in the gyrA QRDR. The combined gyrB_Asp461Asn mutation may significantly decrease in vitro FQ susceptibility of MTB isolates with low-level-resistance-associated gyrA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Chongqing Municipal Institute of Tuberculosis, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Chi
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Chongqing Municipal Institute of Tuberculosis, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengping Yu
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Chongqing Municipal Institute of Tuberculosis, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Pan
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stampolaki M, Malwal SR, Alvarez-Cabrera N, Gao Z, Moniruzzaman M, Babii SO, Naziris N, Rey-Cibati A, Valladares-Delgado M, Turcu AL, Baek KH, Phan TN, Lee H, Alcaraz M, Watson S, van der Watt M, Coertzen D, Efstathiou N, Chountoulesi M, Shoen CM, Papanastasiou IP, Brea J, Cynamon MH, Birkholtz LM, Kremer L, No JH, Vázquez S, Benaim G, Demetzos C, Zgurskaya HI, Dick T, Oldfield E, D. Kolocouris A. Synthesis and Testing of Analogs of the Tuberculosis Drug Candidate SQ109 against Bacteria and Protozoa: Identification of Lead Compounds against Mycobacterium abscessus and Malaria Parasites. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:342-364. [PMID: 36706233 PMCID: PMC10615177 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SQ109 is a tuberculosis drug candidate that has high potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is thought to function at least in part by blocking cell wall biosynthesis by inhibiting the MmpL3 transporter. It also has activity against bacteria and protozoan parasites that lack MmpL3, where it can act as an uncoupler, targeting lipid membranes and Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we synthesized 18 analogs of SQ109 and tested them against M. smegmatis, M. tuberculosis, M. abscessus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli, as well as against the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani, L. mexicana, and Plasmodium falciparum. Activity against the mycobacteria was generally less than with SQ109 and was reduced by increasing the size of the alkyl adduct, but two analogs were ∼4-8-fold more active than SQ109 against M. abscessus, including a highly drug-resistant strain harboring an A309P mutation in MmpL3. There was also better activity than found with SQ109 with other bacteria and protozoa. Of particular interest, we found that the adamantyl C-2 ethyl, butyl, phenyl, and benzyl analogs had 4-10× increased activity against P. falciparum asexual blood stages, together with low toxicity to a human HepG2 cell line, making them of interest as new antimalarial drug leads. We also used surface plasmon resonance to investigate the binding of inhibitors to MmpL3 and differential scanning calorimetry to investigate binding to lipid membranes. There was no correlation between MmpL3 binding and M. tuberculosis or M. smegmatis cell activity, suggesting that MmpL3 is not a major target in mycobacteria. However, some of the more active species decreased lipid phase transition temperatures, indicating increased accumulation in membranes, which is expected to lead to enhanced uncoupler activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Stampolaki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Satish R. Malwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | | | - Zijun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019-5251, USA
| | - Svitlana O. Babii
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019-5251, USA
| | - Nikolaos Naziris
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - André Rey-Cibati
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela Instituto de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mariana Valladares-Delgado
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela Instituto de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Andreea L. Turcu
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Kyung-Hwa Baek
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Trong-Nhat Phan
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryon Lee
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Mattheo Alcaraz
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS UMR9004, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Savannah Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Mariette van der Watt
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Dina Coertzen
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Natasa Efstathiou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Carolyn M. Shoen
- Central New York Research Corporation, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, U
| | - Ioannis P. Papanastasiou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Jose Brea
- Drug Screening Platform/Biofarma Research Group, CIMUS Research Center, Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Michael H. Cynamon
- Central New York Research Corporation, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, U
| | - Lyn-Marié Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS UMR9004, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Joo Hwan No
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Gustavo Benaim
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela Instituto de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Helen I. Zgurskaya
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019-5251, USA
| | - Thomas Dick
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Antonios D. Kolocouris
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kumar S, Rao NNS, Reddy KSSVP, Padole MC, Deshpande PA. Enzyme-substrate interactions in orotate-mimetic OPRT inhibitor complexes: a QM/MM analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3472-3484. [PMID: 36637052 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05406j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) catalyses the reversible phosphoribosyl transfer from α-D-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to orotic acid (OA) to yield orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP) during the de novo synthesis of nucleotides. Numerous studies have reported the inhibition of this reaction as a strategy to check diseases like tuberculosis, malaria and cancer. Insight into the inhibition of this reaction is, therefore, of urgent interest. In this study, we implemented a QM/MM framework on OPRT derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to obtain insights into the competitive binding of OA and OA-mimetic inhibitors by quantifying their interactions with OPRT. 4-Hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1H) one showed the best inhibiting activity among the structurally similar OA-mimetic inhibitors, as quantified from the binding energetics. Our analysis of protein-ligand interactions unveiled the association of this inhibitory ligand with a strong network of hydrogen bonds, a large contribution of hydrophobic contacts, and bridging water molecules in the binding site. The ortho-substituted CH3 group in the compound resulted in a large population of π-electrons in the aromatic ring of this inhibitor, supporting the ligand binding further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kumar
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - N N Subrahmanyeswara Rao
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - K S S V Prasad Reddy
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Manjusha C Padole
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Parag A Deshpande
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Desfontaine V, Guinchard S, Marques S, Vocat A, Moulfi F, Versace F, Huser-Pitteloud J, Ivanyuk A, Bardinet C, Makarov V, Ryabova O, André P, Prod'Hom S, Chtioui H, Buclin T, Cole ST, Decosterd L. Optimized LC-MS/MS quantification of tuberculosis drug candidate macozinone (PBTZ169), its dearomatized Meisenheimer Complex and other metabolites, in human plasma and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1215:123555. [PMID: 36563654 PMCID: PMC9883661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, and especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is a major global health threat which emphasizes the need to develop new agents to improve and shorten treatment of this difficult-to-manage infectious disease. Among the new agents, macozinone (PBTZ169) is one of the most promising candidates, showing extraordinary potency in vitro and in murine models against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A previous analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed by our group to support phase I clinical trials of PBTZ169. These plasma sample analyses revealed the presence of several additional metabolites among which the most prominent was H2PBTZ, a reduced species obtained by dearomatization of macozinone, one of the first examples of Meisenheimer Complex (MC) metabolites identified in mammals. Identification of these new metabolites required the optimization of our original method for enhancing the selectivity between isobaric metabolites as well as for ensuring optimal stability for H2PBTZ analyses. Sample preparation methods were also developed for plasma and urine, followed by extensive quantitative validation in accordance with international bioanalytical method recommendations, which include selectivity, linearity, qualitative and quantitative matrix effect, trueness, precision and the establishment of accuracy profiles using β-expectation tolerance intervals for known and newer analytes. The newly optimized methods have been applied in a subsequent Phase Ib clinical trial conducted in our University Hospital with healthy subjects. H2PBTZ was found to be the most abundant species circulating in plasma, underscoring the importance of measuring accurately and precisely this unprecedented metabolite. Low concentrations were found in urine for all monitored analytes, suggesting extensive metabolism before renal excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Desfontaine
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Guinchard
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Marques
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Vocat
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farizade Moulfi
- Innovative Medicines for Tuberculosis (IM4TB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Versace
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeff Huser-Pitteloud
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anton Ivanyuk
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Bardinet
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Innovative Medicines for Tuberculosis (IM4TB), Lausanne, Switzerland,Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology RAS”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Ryabova
- Federal Research Center “Fundamentals of Biotechnology RAS”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pascal André
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Prod'Hom
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haithem Chtioui
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland,Innovative Medicines for Tuberculosis (IM4TB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stewart T. Cole
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland,Innovative Medicines for Tuberculosis (IM4TB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Decosterd
- Laboratory & Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Saikaew S, Thongprachum A, Pongsararuk R, Thanraka A, Kunyanone N, Chaiyasirinroje B, Luangsook P, Butr-Indr B, Phunpae P, Wattananandkul U. Genotypic Distribution and the Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Upper Northern Thailand. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121733. [PMID: 36551389 PMCID: PMC9774302 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology and genotypes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), a global public health threat, remain limited. The genotypic distribution and factors associated with MDR-TB in upper northern Thailand between 2015 and 2019 were investigated. The DNA sequencing of rpoB, katG, and inhA promoter of 51 multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates revealed nine patterns of the rpoB gene mutation distributed in seven provinces. The S531L mutation was the most common mutation in all provinces. The rpoB mutation in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, and Lampang was highly diverse compared to other areas. Here, the mutation profiles that have yet to be reported in northern Thailand (H526P, Q513P, and H526C) were detected in Chiang Rai province. The S315T katG mutation was the most common genotype associated with INH resistance, especially in Chiang Mai and Lampang. Further analysis of data from 110 TB patients (42 MDR-TB and 68 drug-susceptible TB) revealed that <60 years of age was a significant factor associated with MDR-TB (OR = 0.316, 95% CI 0.128−0.784, p = 0.011) and ≥60 years of age was a significant factor associated with the S315T katG-mutation (OR = 8.867, 95% CI 0.981−80.177, p = 0.047). This study highlighted the necessity for continuous surveillance and risk factor monitoring for effective control of MDR-TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Saikaew
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Muang District, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Aksara Thongprachum
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Muang District, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rodjana Pongsararuk
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control, 1 (ODPC 1) Chiang Mai, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Aungkana Thanraka
- Department of Medical Technology, Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand
| | - Naowarat Kunyanone
- Department of Medical Technology, Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand
| | | | - Praphan Luangsook
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bordin Butr-Indr
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ponrut Phunpae
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Usanee Wattananandkul
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Epidemiology Research Group of Infectious Disease (ERGID), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-93-5068 (ext. 15)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sakallioglu IT, Maroli AS, Leite ADL, Marshall DD, Evans BW, Zinniel DK, Dussault PH, Barletta RG, Powers R. Multi-omics Investigation into the Mechanism of Action of an Anti-tubercular Fatty Acid Analogue. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21157-21173. [PMID: 36367461 PMCID: PMC10948109 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of action (MoA) of a clickable fatty acid analogue 8-(2-cyclobuten-1-yl)octanoic acid (DA-CB) has been investigated for the first time. Proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics were combined with a network analysis to investigate the MoA of DA-CB against Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm). The metabolomics results showed that DA-CB has a general MoA related to that of ethionamide (ETH), a mycolic acid inhibitor that targets enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA), but DA-CB likely inhibits a step downstream from InhA. Our combined multi-omics approach showed that DA-CB appears to disrupt the pathway leading to the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, an essential mycobacterial fatty acid for both Msm and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). DA-CB decreased keto-meromycolic acid biosynthesis. This intermediate is essential in the formation of mature mycolic acid, which is a key component of the mycobacterial cell wall in a process that is catalyzed by the essential polyketide synthase Pks13 and the associated ligase FadD32. The multi-omics analysis revealed further collateral alterations in bacterial metabolism, including the overproduction of shorter carbon chain hydroxy fatty acids and branched chain fatty acids, alterations in pyrimidine metabolism, and a predominate downregulation of proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. Overall, the results with DA-CB suggest the exploration of this and related compounds as a new class of tuberculosis (TB) therapeutics. Furthermore, the clickable nature of DA-CB may be leveraged to trace the cellular fate of the modified fatty acid or any derived metabolite or biosynthetic intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isin T. Sakallioglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States
| | - Amith S. Maroli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States
| | - Aline De Lima Leite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States
| | - Darrell D. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States
- Total Analysis LLC, Detroit, MI 48204-3268, United States
| | - Boone W. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States
| | - Denise K. Zinniel
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, United States
| | - Patrick H. Dussault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States
| | - Raúl G. Barletta
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, United States
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Novita BD, Tjahjono Y, Wijaya S, Theodora I, Erwin F, Halim SW, Hendrawan B, Jaya DK, Tahalele PL. Characterization of chemokine and cytokine expression pattern in tuberculous lymphadenitis patient. Front Immunol 2022; 13:983269. [PMID: 36439164 PMCID: PMC9692123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION C-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR-2) and C-C chemokine ligand-5 (CCL-5) play an important role in the migration of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated T cells against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Meanwhile, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3), activated by interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in tuberculosis (TB) infection, play an important role in phagocytosis, inflammation, and granulomatous-forming processes that may lead to TB treatment success or failure. However, there are no data about the expression of those markers in tuberculous lymphadenitis. The characterization of those markers is very critical to put a fundamental basis to understand the homing mechanism of tuberculous lymphadenitis. AIM OF STUDY The specific objective of this study is to characterize the expression pattern of CCR-2-CCL-5, IL-6, IL-10, STAT-3, and SOCS-3 in tuberculous lymphadenitis. METHODS The study was performed on 27 cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis node biopsies. The diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis was based on the clinical criteria and the presence of the histological feature characteristic of TB granulomas. Afterward, immunohistochemistry was stained with CCR-2, CCL-5, IL-6, IL-10, STAT-3, and SOCS-3. A semiquantitative analysis of IHC images was performed to examine protein expression in stained preparations. The expression was also manually counted. RESULTS Compared with the normal area, both lymphocytes and macrophages expressed strongly CCR-2-, CCL-5, and IL-6, while IL-10, STAT-3-, and SOCS-3- were expressed lowly. There was a strong positive correlation between CCR-2 with IL-6 (p = 0,83) and IL-10 (p = 0,83). CONCLUSION The chronic infection process of tuberculous lymphadenitis was characterized by the expression of IL-10low, STAT-3low, SOCS-3low, CCR-2high, CCL-5high, and IL-6high. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05202548.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yudy Tjahjono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sumi Wijaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Imelda Theodora
- Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ferdinand Erwin
- Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Wilson Halim
- Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bobby Hendrawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - David Karunia Jaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Paul L. Tahalele
- Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mamada SS, Nainu F, Masyita A, Frediansyah A, Utami RN, Salampe M, Emran TB, Lima CMG, Chopra H, Simal-Gandara J. Marine Macrolides to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:691. [PMID: 36355013 PMCID: PMC9697125 DOI: 10.3390/md20110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis has become a major health problem globally. This is worsened by the emergence of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis showing ability to evade the effectiveness of the current antimycobacterial therapies. Therefore, the efforts carried out to explore new entities from many sources, including marine, are critical. This review summarizes several marine-derived macrolides that show promising activity against M. tuberculosis. We also provide information regarding the biosynthetic processes of marine macrolides, including the challenges that are usually experienced in this process. As most of the studies reporting the antimycobacterial activities of the listed marine macrolides are based on in vitro studies, the future direction should consider expanding the trials to in vivo and clinical trials. In addition, in silico studies should also be explored for a quick screening on marine macrolides with potent activities against mycobacterial infection. To sum up, macrolides derived from marine organisms might become therapeutical options for tackling antimycobacterial resistance of M. tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukamto S. Mamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ayu Masyita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan 15318, Indonesia
| | - Andri Frediansyah
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Rifka Nurul Utami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | | | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guo S, Chongsuvivatwong V, Lei S. Comparison on Major Gene Mutations Related to Rifampicin and Isoniazid Resistance between Beijing and Non-Beijing Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101849. [PMID: 36292734 PMCID: PMC9601453 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Beijing strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is controversially presented as the predominant genotype and is more drug resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid compared to the non-Beijing strain. We aimed to compare the major gene mutations related to rifampicin and isoniazid drug resistance between Beijing and non-Beijing genotypes, and to extract the best evidence using the evidence-based methods for improving the service of TB control programs based on genetics of MTB. Method: Literature was searched in Google Scholar, PubMed and CNKI Database. Data analysis was conducted in R software. The conventional and Bayesian random-effects models were employed for meta-analysis, combining the examinations of publication bias and sensitivity. Results: Of the 8785 strains in the pooled studies, 5225 were identified as Beijing strains and 3560 as non-Beijing strains. The maximum and minimum strain sizes were 876 and 55, respectively. The mutations prevalence of rpoB, katG, inhA and oxyR-ahpC in Beijing strains was 52.40% (2738/5225), 57.88% (2781/4805), 12.75% (454/3562) and 6.26% (108/1724), respectively, and that in non-Beijing strains was 26.12% (930/3560), 28.65% (834/2911), 10.67% (157/1472) and 7.21% (33/458), separately. The pooled posterior value of OR for the mutations of rpoB was 2.72 ((95% confidence interval (CI): 1.90, 3.94) times higher in Beijing than in non-Beijing strains. That value for katG was 3.22 (95% CI: 2.12, 4.90) times. The estimate for inhA was 1.41 (95% CI: 0.97, 2.08) times higher in the non-Beijing than in Beijing strains. That for oxyR-ahpC was 1.46 (95% CI: 0.87, 2.48) times. The principal patterns of the variants for the mutations of the four genes were rpoB S531L, katG S315T, inhA-15C > T and oxyR-ahpC intergenic region. Conclusion: The mutations in rpoB and katG genes in Beijing are significantly more common than that in non-Beijing strains of MTB. We do not have sufficient evidence to support that the prevalence of mutations of inhA and oxyR-ahpC is higher in non-Beijing than in Beijing strains, which provides a reference basis for clinical medication selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiong Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guiyang 550004, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Shiguang Lei
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guiyang 550004, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nimmo C, Millard J, Faulkner V, Monteserin J, Pugh H, Johnson EO. Evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in the genomic era. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:954074. [PMID: 36275027 PMCID: PMC9585206 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.954074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has acquired drug resistance to all drugs that have been used against it, including those only recently introduced into clinical practice. Compared to other bacteria, it has a well conserved genome due to its role as an obligate human pathogen that has adapted to a niche over five to ten thousand years. These features facilitate reconstruction and dating of M. tuberculosis phylogenies, giving key insights into how resistance has been acquired and spread globally. Resistance to each new drug has occurred within five to ten years of clinical use and has occurred even more rapidly with recently introduced drugs. In most cases, resistance-conferring mutations come with a fitness cost, but this can be overcome by compensatory mutations which restore fitness to that of wild-type bacteria. It is likely that M. tuberculosis acquires drug resistance while maintaining limited genomic variability due the generation of low frequency within-host variation, combined with ongoing purifying selection causing loss of variants without a clear fitness advantage. However, variants that do confer an advantage, such as drug resistance, can increase in prevalence amongst all bacteria within a host and become the dominant clone. These resistant strains can then be transmitted leading to primary drug resistant infection in a new host. As many countries move towards genomic methods for diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection and drug resistance, it is important to be aware of the implications for the evolution of resistance. Currently, understanding of resistance-conferring mutations is incomplete, and some targeted genetic diagnostics create their own selective pressures. We discuss an example where a rifampicin resistance-conferring mutation which was not routinely covered by standard testing became dominant. Finally, resistance to new drugs such as bedaquiline and delamanid is caused by individually rare mutations occurring across a large mutational genomic target that have been detected over a short time, and do not provide statistical power for genotype-phenotype correlation – in contrast to longer-established drugs that form the backbone of drug-sensitive antituberculosis therapy. Therefore, we need a different approach to identify resistance-conferring mutations of new drugs before their resistance becomes widespread, abrogating their usefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camus Nimmo
- Systems Chemical Biology of Infection and Resistance Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Camus Nimmo,
| | - James Millard
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Valwynne Faulkner
- Systems Chemical Biology of Infection and Resistance Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johana Monteserin
- Systems Chemical Biology of Infection and Resistance Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Pugh
- Systems Chemical Biology of Infection and Resistance Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eachan Oliver Johnson
- Systems Chemical Biology of Infection and Resistance Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jones RM, Adams KN, Eldesouky HE, Sherman DR. The evolving biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1027394. [PMID: 36275024 PMCID: PMC9579286 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1027394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an ancient disease that has remained a leading cause of infectious death. Mtb has evolved drug resistance to every antibiotic regimen ever introduced, greatly complicating treatment, lowering rates of cure and menacing TB control in parts of the world. As technology has advanced, our understanding of antimicrobial resistance has improved, and our models of the phenomenon have evolved. In this review, we focus on recent research progress that supports an updated model for the evolution of drug resistance in Mtb. We highlight the contribution of drug tolerance on the path to resistance, and the influence of heterogeneity on tolerance. Resistance is likely to remain an issue for as long as drugs are needed to treat TB. However, with technology driving new insights and careful management of newly developed resources, antimicrobial resistance need not continue to threaten global progress against TB, as it has done for decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David R. Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Acyldepsipeptide Analogues: A Future Generation Antibiotics for Tuberculosis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091956. [PMID: 36145704 PMCID: PMC9502522 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyldepsipeptides (ADEPs) are a new class of emerging antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are currently explored for treatment of pathogenic infections, including tuberculosis (TB). These cyclic hydrophobic peptides have a unique bacterial target to the conventional anti-TB drugs, and present a therapeutic window to overcome Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. tb) drug resistance. ADEPs exerts their antibacterial activity on M. tb strains through activation of the protein homeostatic regulatory protease, the caseinolytic protease (ClpP1P2). ClpP1P2 is normally regulated and activated by the ClpP-ATPases to degrade misfolded and toxic peptides and/or short proteins. ADEPs bind and dysregulate all the homeostatic capabilities of ClpP1P2 while inducing non-selective proteolysis. The uncontrolled proteolysis leads to M. tb cell death within the host. ADEPs analogues that have been tested possess cytotoxicity and poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. However, these can be improved by drug design techniques. Moreover, the use of nanomaterial in conjunction with ADEPs would yield effective synergistic effect. This new mode of action has potential to combat and eradicate the extensive multi-drug resistance (MDR) problem that is currently faced by the public health pertaining bacterial infections, especially TB.
Collapse
|
33
|
Stephanie F, Saragih M, Tambunan USF, Siahaan TJ. Structural Design and Synthesis of Novel Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transcription. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091333. [PMID: 36143370 PMCID: PMC9506182 DOI: 10.3390/life12091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Although several established antitubercular drugs have been found, various factors obstruct efforts to combat this disease due to the existence of drug-resistance (DR) TB strains, the need for lengthy treatment, and the occurrence of side effects from drug–drug interactions. Rifampicin (RIF) is the first line of antitubercular drugs and targets RNA polymerase (RNAP) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Here, RIF blocks the synthesis of long RNA during transcription initiation. The efficacy of RIF is low in DR-TB strains, and the use of RIF leads to various side effects. In this study, novel cyclic peptides were computationally designed as inhibitors of MTB transcription initiation. The designed cyclic peptides were subjected to a virtual screening to generate compounds that can bind to the RIF binding site in MTB RNAP subunit β (RpoB) for obtaining a new potential TB drug with a safe clinical profile. The molecular simulations showed that the cyclic peptides were capable of binding with RpoB mutants, suggesting that they can be possibility utilized for treating DR-TB. Structural modifications were carried out by acetylation and amidation of the N- and C-terminus, respectively, to improve their plasma stability and bioavailability. The modified linear and cyclic peptides were successfully synthesized with a solid-phase peptide synthesis method using Fmoc chemistry, and they were characterized by analytical HPLC, LC-ESI-MS+, and 1H NMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filia Stephanie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia
| | - Mutiara Saragih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia
| | - Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia
| | - Teruna J. Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(785)-864-7327
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Khan MT, Khan TA, Ahmad I, Muhammad S, Wei DQ. Diversity and novel mutations in membrane transporters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Brief Funct Genomics 2022; 22:168-179. [PMID: 35868449 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), encodes a family of membrane proteins belonging to Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (RND) permeases also called multidrug resistance pumps. Mycobacterial membrane protein Large (MmpL) transporters represent a subclass of RND transporters known to participate in exporting of lipid components across the cell envelope. These proteins perform an essential role in MTB survival; however, there are no data regarding mutations in MmpL, polyketide synthase (PKS) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase FadE proteins from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study aimed to screen mutations in transmembrane transporter proteins including MmpL, PKS and Fad through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in local isolates of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Fourteen samples were collected from TB patients and drug susceptibility testing was performed. However, only three samples were completely sequenced. Moreover, 209 whole-genome sequences of the same geography were also retrieved from NCBI GenBank to analyze the diversity of mutations in MmpL, PKS and Fad proteins. Among the 212 WGS (Accession ID: PRJNA629298, PRJNA629388, and ERR2510337-ERR2510345, ERR2510546-ERR2510645), numerous mutations in Fad (n = 756), PKS (n = 479), and MmpL (n = 306) have been detected. Some novel mutations were also detected in MmpL, PKS and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase Fad. Novel mutations including Asn576Ser in MmpL8, Val943Gly in MmpL9 and Asn145Asp have been detected in MmpL3. The presence of a large number of mutations in the MTB membrane may have functional consequences on proteins. However, further experimental studies are needed to elucidate the variants' effect on MmpL, PKS and FadE functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Taj Ali Khan
- Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Phase V, Hayatabad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.,Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Detection of Isoniazid and Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from Sputum Samples by High-Resolution Melting Analysis. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:257. [PMID: 35852629 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The effective management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and the need for rapid and accurate screening of rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates are the most fundamental and difficult challenges facing the global TB control. The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution melting-curve analysis (HRMA) in comparison to multiplex allele-specific PCR (MAS-PCR) and xpert MTB/RIF as well as the conventional drug-susceptibility test (DST) and gene sequencing for the detection of INH and RIF resistance in the Mtb isolates. In the present study, a total of 431 Mtb isolates including 11 MDR (%2.55), 7 INH resistance (%1.62), two RIF resistance (%0.46), and 411 sensitive isolates were phenotypically confirmed. HRMA assay identified katG gene mutations and the mabA-inhA promoter region in 15 of 18 INH-resistant samples and rpoB gene mutations were successfully evaluated in 11 out of 13 RIF-resistant samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the HRMA method were 83.3% and 98.8% for INH and 84.6% and 99% for RIF, respectively. The most common mutation in RIF-resistance-determining region (RRDR) occurred at codon 531 (TCG → TTG)(84.6%) and then at codon 513 (CAA → GTA)(7.6%) and 526 (CAC → TAC) (7.6%), which resulted in the amino-acid changes. Also, 88.8% of INH-resistant samples had mutations in the katG gene and the mabA-inhA promoter region, of which the highest mutation occurred at codon 315 (AGC → ACC) of the katG gene. In conclusion, all these results indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of the HRM method were increased when the katG gene and the mabA-inhA promoter region were used as a target.
Collapse
|
36
|
Martin A, Bland MJ, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Gala JL, Gabant P. Promising Antimicrobial Activity and Synergy of Bacteriocins Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 29:165-174. [PMID: 35852864 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the potential of bacteriocins and their in vitro synergistic effects in combination with anti-tuberculosis drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We evaluated the in vitro activity of chemically synthesized bacteriocins in combination with rifampicin (RIF), ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin against the reference M. tuberculosis H37Rv and a clinical-resistant strain. We first screened the bacteriocin PARAGEN collection and found active bacteriocins. We then determined their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration, and their fractional inhibitory index by the checkerboard microdilution assay. Remarkably, we identified four bacteriocins with interesting antimycobacterial activity alone and in combinations with RIF, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, with significant reduction of the MIC that showed impressive synergistic effects against the susceptible and resistant clinical strains. In conclusion, our preliminary results show promising bacteriocins candidate used in a synergistic combination with anti-tuberculosis drugs and emphasize the need for combined therapy as a new strategy to enhance the activity of existing drugs, which may confer very promising therapeutic benefits against M. tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos
- Microbiology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Gala
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Prediction of drug resistance profile of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MTB) isolates from newly diagnosed case by whole genome sequencing (WGS): a study from a high tuberculosis burden country. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:499. [PMID: 35624432 PMCID: PMC9137048 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to assess the ability of the Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in predicting drug resistance profile of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MTB) from newly diagnosed cases in China. METHODS We validated the Phenotypic drug Sensitivity Test (pDST) for 12 anti-tuberculosis drugs using the Bactec MGIT 960 system. We described the characteristics of the isolates enrolled and compared the pDST results with resistance profiles predicted by WGS. RESULTS The pDST showed that of the 43 isolates enrolled, 25.6% were sensitive to rifabutin (RFB); 97.7%、97.7%、93.0% and 93.0% were sensitive to cycloserine (Cs), amikacin/kanamycin (Ak/Km), para-aminosalicylic acid (Pas) and ethionamide Eto), respectively; 18.6% were resistant to fluoroquinolones (FQs) or second-line injections. Genotype DST determined by WGS of Ak/Km、Eto and RFP reached high consistency to 97.7% compared with pDST, followed by moxifloxacin (Mfx) 95.3%, levofloxaci (Lfx) and Pas 93%, streptomycin (Sm) 90.3%. The genotype DST of RFB and EMB showed low consistency with the pDST of 67.2 and 79.1%. WGS also detected 27.9% isolates of pyrazinamide(PZA)-related drug-resistant mutation. No mutations associated with linezolid (Lzd), bedaquiline (Bdq) and clofazimine (Cfz) were detectd. CONCLUSIONS WGS has the potential to infer resistance profiles without time-consuming phenotypic methods, which could be provide a basis to formulate reasonable treatment in high TB burden areas.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mujuni D, Kasemire DL, Ibanda I, Kabugo J, Nsawotebba A, Phelan JE, Majwala RK, Tugumisirize D, Nyombi A, Orena B, Turyahabwe I, Byabajungu H, Nadunga D, Musisi K, Joloba ML, Ssengooba W. Molecular characterisation of second-line drug resistance among drug resistant tuberculosis patients tested in Uganda: a two and a half-year's review. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:363. [PMID: 35410160 PMCID: PMC9003953 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-line drug resistance (SLD) among tuberculosis (TB) patients is a serious emerging challenge towards global control of the disease. We characterized SLD-resistance conferring-mutations among TB patients with rifampicin and/or isoniazid (RIF and/or INH) drug-resistance tested at the Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory (NTRL) between June 2017 and December 2019. METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional secondary data analysis of 20,508 M. tuberculosis isolates of new and previously treated patients' resistant to RIF and/or INH. DNA strips with valid results to characterise the SLD resistance using the commercial Line Probe Assay Genotype MTBDRsl Version 2.0 Assay (Hain Life Science, Nehren, Germany) were reviewed. Data were analysed with STATAv15 using cross-tabulation for frequency and proportions of known resistance-conferring mutations to injectable agents (IA) and fluoroquinolones (FQ). RESULTS Among the eligible participants, 12,993/20,508 (63.4%) were male and median (IQR) age 32 (24-43). A total of 576/20,508 (2.8%) of the M. tuberculosis isolates from participants had resistance to RIF and/or INH. These included; 102/576 (17.7%) single drug-resistant and 474/576 (82.3%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Only 102 patients had test results for FQ of whom 70/102 (68.6%) and 01/102 (0.98%) had resistance-conferring mutations in the gyrA locus and gyrB locus respectively. Among patients with FQ resistance, gyrAD94G 42.6% (30.0-55.9) and gyrA A90V 41.1% (28.6-54.3) mutations were most observed. Only one mutation, E540D was detected in the gyrB locus. A total of 26 patients had resistance-conferring mutations to IA in whom, 20/26 77.0% (56.4-91.0) had A1401G mutation in the rrs gene locus. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a high proportion of mutations known to confer high-level fluoroquinolone drug-resistance among patients with rifampicin and/or isoniazid drug resistance. Utilizing routinely generated laboratory data from existing molecular diagnostic methods may aid real-time surveillance of emerging tuberculosis drug-resistance in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Mujuni
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dianah Linda Kasemire
- World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ivan Ibanda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joel Kabugo
- World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew Nsawotebba
- World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda.,National Health Laboratory and Diagnostic Services, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jody E Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robert Kaos Majwala
- United States Agency for International Development, Defeat TB Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Didas Tugumisirize
- World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda.,National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abdunoor Nyombi
- World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda.,National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Beatrice Orena
- World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Turyahabwe
- World Health Organisation EPI Laboratory, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Henry Byabajungu
- World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Diana Nadunga
- World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kenneth Musisi
- World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses Lutakoome Joloba
- World Health Organisation Supranational Reference Laboratory, Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Willy Ssengooba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. .,Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rana V, Singh N, Nikam C, Kambli P, Singh PK, Singh U, Jain A, Rodrigues C, Sharma C. Molecular Epidemiology and Polymorphism Analysis in Drug-Resistant Genes in M. tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from Western and Northern India. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1717-1732. [PMID: 35422638 PMCID: PMC9005233 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s345855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mechanistic details of first line drug (FLD) resistance have been thoroughly explored but the genetic resistance mechanisms of second line injectables, which form the backbone of the combinatorial drug resistant tuberculosis therapy, are partially identified. This study aims to highlight the genetic and spoligotypic differences in the second line drug (SLD) resistant and sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) clinical isolates from Mumbai (Western India) and Lucknow (Northern India). Methods The rrs, eis, whiB7, tlyA, gyrA and gyrB target loci were screened in 126 isolates and spoligotyped. Results The novel mutations were observed in whiB7 loci (A43T, C44A, C47A, G48T, G59A and T152G in 5’-UTR; A42C, C253T and T270G in gene), tlyA (+CG200, G165A, C415G, and +G543) and gyrB (+G1359 and +A1429). Altogether, the rrs, eis, and whiB7 loci harbored mutations in ~86% and ~47% kanamycin resistant isolates from Mumbai and Lucknow, respectively. Mumbai strains displayed higher prevalence of mutations in gyrA (~85%) and gyrB loci (~13%) as compared to those from Lucknow (~69% and ~3.0%, respectively). Further, spoligotyping revealed that Beijing lineage is distributed equally amongst the drug resistant strains of Mumbai and Lucknow, but EAI-5 is existed at a higher level only in Mumbai. The lineages Manu2, CAS1-Delhi and T1 are more prevalent in Lucknow. Conclusion Besides identifying novel mutations in whiB7, tlyA and gyrB target loci, our analyses unveiled a potential polymorphic and phylogeographical demarcation among two distinct regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Rana
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Nittu Singh
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Chaitali Nikam
- Department of Microbiology, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, 400016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priti Kambli
- Department of Microbiology, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, 400016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pravin K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Urmila Singh
- Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Camilla Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, 400016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Correspondence: Charu Sharma, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India, Tel +911722880309/310, Fax +911722690585, Email
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dookie N, Khan A, Padayatchi N, Naidoo K. Application of Next Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Updates on Recent Developments in the Field. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:775030. [PMID: 35401475 PMCID: PMC8988194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.775030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization’s End TB Strategy prioritizes universal access to an early diagnosis and comprehensive drug susceptibility testing (DST) for all individuals with tuberculosis (TB) as a key component of integrated, patient-centered TB care. Next generation whole genome sequencing (WGS) and its associated technology has demonstrated exceptional potential for reliable and comprehensive resistance prediction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, allowing for accurate clinical decisions. This review presents a descriptive analysis of research describing the potential of WGS to accelerate delivery of individualized care, recent advances in sputum-based WGS technology and the role of targeted sequencing for resistance detection. We provide an update on recent research describing the mechanisms of resistance to new and repurposed drugs and the dynamics of mixed infections and its potential implication on TB diagnosis and treatment. Whilst the studies reviewed here have greatly improved our understanding of recent advances in this arena, it highlights significant challenges that remain. The wide-spread introduction of new drugs in the absence of standardized DST has led to rapid emergence of drug resistance. This review highlights apparent gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to resistance for these new drugs and challenges that limit the clinical utility of next generation sequencing techniques. It is recommended that a combination of genotypic and phenotypic techniques is warranted to monitor treatment response, curb emerging resistance and further dissemination of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navisha Dookie
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Navisha Dookie,
| | - Azraa Khan
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nesri Padayatchi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Valverde TL, Sampiron EG, Montaholi DC, Baldin VP, Insaurralde DD, Alves-Olher VG, Siqueira VL, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Cardoso RF, Vandresen F, Scodro RB. 3,5-dinitrobenzoylhydrazone derivatives as a scaffold for antituberculosis drug development. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:267-280. [PMID: 35164529 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The development of drugs is essential to eradicate tuberculosis. Materials & methods: Sixteen 3,5-dinitrobenzoylhydrazone (2-17) derivatives and their synthetic precursors 3,5-dinitrobenzoylhydrazide (1) and methyl ester (18) were screened for their anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) potential. Results: Twelve compounds had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.24 to 7.8 μg/ml against the Mtb strain. The activity was maintained in multidrug-resistant Mtb clinical isolates. Only compound (17) showed activity against nontuberculous mycobacteria. The compounds exhibited a limited spectrum of activity, with an MIC >500 μg/ml against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Compounds (2), (5) and (11) showed a synergistic effect with rifampicin. An excellent selectivity index value was found, with values reaching 583.33. Conclusion: 3,5-dinitrobenzoylhydrazone derivatives could be considered as a scaffold for the development of antituberculosis drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamires L Valverde
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Eloísa G Sampiron
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Débora C Montaholi
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P Baldin
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Dr Insaurralde
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, 86036-370, Brazil
| | - Vanessa G Alves-Olher
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Paraná, Paranavaí, Paraná, 87703-536, Brazil
| | - Vera Ld Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Katiany R Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rosilene F Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Vandresen
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, 86036-370, Brazil
| | - Regiane Bl Scodro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bhattacharjee A, Sarma S, Sen T, Singh AK. Alterations in molecular response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against anti-tuberculosis drugs. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3987-4002. [PMID: 35066765 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has plagued humans since the early middle-ages. More than one million deaths are recorded annually due to TB, even in present times. These deaths are primarily attributed to the constant appearance of resistant TB strains. Even with the advent of new therapeutics and diagnostics techniques, tuberculosis remains challenging to control due to resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Aided by various molecular changes, these strains adapt to stress created by anti-tuberculosis drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review thus is an overview of ongoing research in the genome and transcriptome of antibiotic-resistant TB. It explores omics-based research to identify mutation and utilization of differential gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This study shows several mutations distinctive in the first- and second-line drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. It also explores the expressional differences of genes involved in the fundamental process of the cells and how they help in drug resistance. With the development of transcriptomics-based studies, a new insight has developed to inquire about gene expression changes in drug resistance. This information on expressional pattern changes can be utilized to design the basic platform of anti-TB treatments and therapeutic approaches. These novel insights can be instrumental in disease diagnosis and global containment of resistant TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Bhattacharjee
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sangita Sarma
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Tejosmita Sen
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Assaleh MH, Bjelogrlic SK, Prlainovic N, Cvijetic I, Bozic A, Arandjelovic I, Vukovic D, Marinkovic A. Antimycobacterial and anticancer activity of newly designed cinnamic acid hydrazides with favorable toxicity profile. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
44
|
Drug Discovery for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Structure-Based Computer-Aided Drug Design Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413259. [PMID: 34948055 PMCID: PMC8703488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing new, more effective antibiotics against resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis that inhibit its essential proteins is an appealing strategy for combating the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. Finding a compound that can target a particular cavity in a protein and interrupt its enzymatic activity is the crucial objective of drug design and discovery. Such a compound is then subjected to different tests, including clinical trials, to study its effectiveness against the pathogen in the host. In recent times, new techniques, which involve computational and analytical methods, enhanced the chances of drug development, as opposed to traditional drug design methods, which are laborious and time-consuming. The computational techniques in drug design have been improved with a new generation of software used to develop and optimize active compounds that can be used in future chemotherapeutic development to combat global tuberculosis resistance. This review provides an overview of the evolution of tuberculosis resistance, existing drug management, and the design of new anti-tuberculosis drugs developed based on the contributions of computational techniques. Also, we show an appraisal of available software and databases on computational drug design with an insight into the application of this software and databases in the development of anti-tubercular drugs. The review features a perspective involving machine learning, artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and CRISPR combination with available computational techniques as a prospective pathway to design new anti-tubercular drugs to combat resistant tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Amoroso M, Langgartner D, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Rapidly Growing Mycobacterium Species: The Long and Winding Road from Tuberculosis Vaccines to Potent Stress-Resilience Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312938. [PMID: 34884743 PMCID: PMC8657684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases and stressor-related psychiatric disorders, for which inflammation is a risk factor, are increasing in modern Western societies. Recent studies suggest that immunoregulatory approaches are a promising tool in reducing the risk of suffering from such disorders. Specifically, the environmental saprophyte Mycobacterium vaccae National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) 11659 has recently gained attention for the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, effective use requires a sophisticated understanding of the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGMs) on microbiome–gut–immune–brain interactions. This historical narrative review is intended as a first step in exploring these mechanisms and provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies on M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs. The overall objective of this review article is to increase the comprehension of, and interest in, the mechanisms through which M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs promote stress resilience, with the intention of fostering novel clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of stressor-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Amoroso
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Senior Fellow, inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jayapal V, Vidya Raj CK, Muthaiah M, Chadha VK, Brammacharry U, Selvaraj S, Easow JM. In-vitro anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect of essential oil of Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi/Basil) leaves. Indian J Tuberc 2021; 68:470-473. [PMID: 34752315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis has developed resistance to most of the available antimicrobials. Consequently, it is difficult to cure all the patients with tuberculosis and in future, the incidence of tuberculosis by drug resistant M. tuberculosis is likely to increase, worldwide. Therefore detection and development of new antimicrobials against M. tuberculosis is needed urgently. METHODS Essential oil from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum L (Tulsi/Basil) was obtained by hydro distillation. The anti-mycobacterial effect of essential oil was evaluated against H37Rv and nine clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis in the BD BACTEC MGIT instrument using different volumes of essential oil. RESULTS The essential oil inhibited the growth of H37Rv and all the nine clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. The minimal inhibitory concentration of H37Rv was 3 μl (2.931 μg) and those of the clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis ranged from 1.5 μl (1.4655 μg) to 6 μl (5.862 μg). CONCLUSION The Essential oil from the leaves of O. sanctum L.(Tulsi/Basil) has anti-M. tuberculosis effect in the in-vitro BD BACTEC MGIT method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Jayapal
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University (Grade A), Pillaiyar Kuppam, Puducherry, Tamilnadu, 607 402, India.
| | - C K Vidya Raj
- State TB Training & Demonstration Center, Intermediate Reference Laboratory, Government Hospital for Chest Diseases, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Muthuraj Muthaiah
- State TB Training & Demonstration Center, Intermediate Reference Laboratory, Government Hospital for Chest Diseases, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Chadha
- Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Institute, Chengalpet, Tamilnadu, 603 001, India
| | - Usharani Brammacharry
- Department of Genetics, Dr.ALM.Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Tharamani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600113, India
| | - Stephen Selvaraj
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University (Grade A), Pillaiyar Kuppam, Puducherry, Tamilnadu, 607 402, India
| | - Joshy M Easow
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University (Grade A), Pillaiyar Kuppam, Puducherry, Tamilnadu, 607 402, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mathpal D, Masand M, Thomas A, Ahmad I, Saeed M, Zaman GS, Kamal M, Jawaid T, Sharma PK, Gupta MM, Kumar S, Srivastava SP, Balaramnavar VM. Pharmacophore modeling, docking and the integrated use of a ligand- and structure-based virtual screening approach for novel DNA gyrase inhibitors: synthetic and biological evaluation studies. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34462-34478. [PMID: 35494744 PMCID: PMC9042709 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones, a class of compound, act via inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. This is an important class of drugs with high success rates for the treatment of tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. An indirect drug design approach was used to develop a meaningful pharmacophore model using the HypoGen module of Discovery Studio 2.0 on a set of 27 structurally diverse compounds with a wide range of biological activity (5 log units). The best hypothesis had three hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and one hydrophobic (Hy) moiety, showing r = 0.95, and it predicts the test set of 44 compounds well, with r 2 = 0.823. The same features (acceptor and hydrophobic functionality) were validated at the binding site of the DNA gyrase active site using GOLD version 3.0.1 and Molegro Virtual Docker, which showed corresponding hydrogen bond interactions and also π-π stacking interactions that correlated well with the PIC50 values (r 2 = 0.6142). The thoroughly validated model was used to screen an extensive database of 0.25 million compounds to identify potential leads. The validated model was implemented for the identification, design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of leads. Ten new chemical entities were synthesized based on our scaffold hopping techniques from the identified virtual screening and tested against the tuberculosis bacterium to obtain preliminary MIC values. The results showed that 3 out of 10 synthesized compounds exhibited good MICs, from 1.25 to 50 μM. This proves the robustness and applicability of the developed model, which is a promising tool for identifying new topoisomerase II inhibitors for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Mathpal
- Sanskriti University, School of Pharmacy and Research 28 KM. Stone, Mathura - Delhi Highway, Chhata Mathura Uttar Pradesh (UP) 281401 India
| | - Mukesh Masand
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University Gautam Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
| | - Anisha Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT Vellore India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology College of Sciences, University of Hail Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaffar Sarwar Zaman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University P.O. Box No. 173 Al Kharj 11942 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Jawaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh 13317 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pramod K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University Gautam Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
| | - Madan M Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago West Indies
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Government Degree College Hansaur Barabanki Uttar Pradesh (UP) 225415 India
| | - Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Sanskriti University, School of Pharmacy and Research 28 KM. Stone, Mathura - Delhi Highway, Chhata Mathura Uttar Pradesh (UP) 281401 India
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Vishal M Balaramnavar
- Sanskriti University, School of Pharmacy and Research 28 KM. Stone, Mathura - Delhi Highway, Chhata Mathura Uttar Pradesh (UP) 281401 India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Genetic diversity of candidate loci linked to Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to bedaquiline, delamanid and pretomanid. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19431. [PMID: 34593898 PMCID: PMC8484543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide. Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant strains are making disease control difficult, and exhausting treatment options. New anti-TB drugs bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid (DLM) and pretomanid (PTM) have been approved for the treatment of multi-drug resistant TB, but there is increasing resistance to them. Nine genetic loci strongly linked to resistance have been identified (mmpR5, atpE, and pepQ for BDQ; ddn, fgd1, fbiA, fbiB, fbiC, and fbiD for DLM/PTM). Here we investigated the genetic diversity of these loci across >33,000 M. tuberculosis isolates. In addition, epistatic mutations in mmpL5-mmpS5 as well as variants in ndh, implicated for DLM/PTM resistance in M. smegmatis, were explored. Our analysis revealed 1,227 variants across the nine genes, with the majority (78%) present in isolates collected prior to the roll-out of BDQ and DLM/PTM. We identified phylogenetically-related mutations, which are unlikely to be resistance associated, but also high-impact variants such as frameshifts (e.g. in mmpR5, ddn) with likely functional effects, as well as non-synonymous mutations predominantly in MDR-/XDR-TB strains with predicted protein destabilising effects. Overall, our work provides a comprehensive mutational catalogue for BDQ and DLM/PTM associated genes, which will assist with establishing associations with phenotypic resistance; thereby, improving the understanding of the causative mechanisms of resistance for these drugs, leading to better treatment outcomes.
Collapse
|
49
|
Yao C, Guo H, Li Q, Zhang X, Shang Y, Li T, Wang Y, Xue Z, Wang L, Li L, Pang Y. Prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a Chinese multidrug-resistant TB cohort after redefinition. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:126. [PMID: 34446095 PMCID: PMC8393791 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, the definition of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) has been revised. In this study, we conducted a descriptive and retrospective study to determine the prevalence of XDR-TB in a Chinese multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cohort. METHODS Broth microdilution method was performed to determine in vitro susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates to (FQs), bedaquiline (BDQ) and linezolid (LZD). The putative drug target genes conferring drug resistance were screened by DNA sequencing. RESULTS A total of 425 MDR-TB isolates were included from 13 pilots in China. LZD and BDQ resistance were noted in 30 (7.1%) and 10 (2.4%) isolates. On the basis of latest definitions, 114 (26.8%) were MDR-TB, 282 (66.4%) were pre-XDR-TB, and 29 (6.8%) were XDR-TB. Among 311 FQ-resistant isolates, 265 harbored genetic mutations within QRDRs. The most common mutations were observed at codon 94 of gyrA, accounting for 47.2% of FQ-resistant MTB isolates. Only mutations within the Rv0678 gene were found to confer BDQ resistance in our cohort, conferring 40.0% of BDQ resistance. For LZD resistance, 53.3% of LZD-resistant isolates carried genetic mutations in rplC or 23S rRNA. The most frequent mutation was Cys154Arg in the rplC gene. In addition, we recorded two MDR-TB patients with resistance to both BDQ and LZD, of which one patient experienced continuous positive culture of MTB despite inclusion of efficacious moxifloxacin. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the low prevalence of XDR-TB holds great promise for MDR-TB treatment with WHO-endorsed regimens containing BDQ-LZD combination, whereas the high prevalence of FQ-resistance in MDR-TB patients warrants national attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yao
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Guo
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxia Zhang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxin Li
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, 400036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Quality Control, Innovation Alliance On Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment (Beijing), Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtan Xue
- Department of Laboratory Quality Control, Innovation Alliance On Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment (Beijing), Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Borah P, Deb PK, Venugopala KN, Al-Shar'i NA, Singh V, Deka S, Srivastava A, Tiwari V, Mailavaram RP. Tuberculosis: An Update on Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, Newer Anti-TB Drugs, Treatment Regimens and Host- Directed Therapies. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:547-570. [PMID: 33319660 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621999201211200447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human tuberculosis (TB) is primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that inhabits inside and amidst immune cells of the host with adapted physiology to regulate interdependent cellular functions with intact pathogenic potential. The complexity of this disease is attributed to various factors such as the reactivation of latent TB form after prolonged persistence, disease progression specifically in immunocompromised patients, advent of multi- and extensivelydrug resistant (MDR and XDR) Mtb strains, adverse effects of tailor-made regimens, and drug-drug interactions among anti-TB drugs and anti-HIV therapies. Thus, there is a compelling demand for newer anti-TB drugs or regimens to overcome these obstacles. Considerable multifaceted transformations in the current TB methodologies and molecular interventions underpinning hostpathogen interactions and drug resistance mechanisms may assist to overcome the emerging drug resistance. Evidently, recent scientific and clinical advances have revolutionised the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of all forms of the disease. This review sheds light on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of TB disease, molecular mechanisms of drug-resistance, progress on the development of novel or repurposed anti-TB drugs and regimens, host-directed therapies, with particular emphasis on underlying knowledge gaps and prospective for futuristic TB control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pobitra Borah
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Pran K Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar A Al-Shar'i
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Amavya Srivastava
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 005, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 005, India
| | - Raghu P Mailavaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram - 534 202, West Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|