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Ortiz-Díez G, Mengíbar RL, Turrientes MC, Artigao MRB, Gallifa RL, Tello AM, Pérez CF, Santiago TA. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for acquisition and colonization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from dogs attended at a veterinary hospital in Spain. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 92:101922. [PMID: 36509030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The last 10 years have seen a progressive increase in antibiotic resistance rates in bacteria isolated from companion animals. Exposure of individuals to resistant bacteria from companion animals, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and carbapenemase- (CPE) producing Enterobacteriaceae, can be propitiated. Few studies evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria in dogs. This work aims to estimate the prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with colonization of ESBL-E and CPE-E in 44 canine patients hospitalized in a veterinary hospital. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae strains was analyzed and the molecular detection of resistant genes was performed. A prevalence of 25.0% and an incidence of ESBL-E of 45.5% were observed in dogs colonized by Enterobacteriaceae at hospital admission and release, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morganii were identified as ESBL-producing bacterial species. Resistance genes were detected for ESBL-producing strains. No CPE isolates were obtained on the CPE-selective medium. The administration of corticosteroids prior to hospitalization and the presence of concomitant diseases were associated with colonization by these bacteria in dogs. Considering that one-quarter of the patients evaluated were colonized by ESBL-E, companion animals should be considered as potential transmission vehicles and ESBL-E reservoirs for humans. Special care should be taken in animals attended at veterinary hospitals, as the length of stay in the hospital could increase the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ortiz-Díez
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ruth Luque Mengíbar
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Carmen Turrientes
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal -IRYCIS-, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública -CIBERESP-, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Raúl López Gallifa
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Cristina Fernández Pérez
- Fundación Instituto para la Mejora de la Asistencia Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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2
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Fox TC, Clabots C, Porter SB, Bender T, Thuras P, Colpan A, Boettcher J, Johnson JR. Bacterial "Virulence" Traits and Host Demographics Predict Escherichia coli Colonization Behaviors Within Households. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa495. [PMID: 33241068 PMCID: PMC7676507 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although intestinal colonization precedes most extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections, colonization-promoting factors are incompletely understood. We compared within-household E. coli colonization patterns with host and bacterial traits. Methods Twenty-two veterans with a clinical E. coli isolate and their 46 human and animal household members underwent longitudinal fecal sampling. Distinct E. coli strains were characterized for phylogenetic background, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance, and colonization behaviors. Host and bacterial traits were assessed statistically as predictors of colonization behaviors. Results Among the 139 unique-by-household fecal E. coli strains, univariable predictors of colonization behavior included (i) host demographics, (ii) matching the index clinical isolate, and (iii) bacterial characteristics (2 phylogroups, 5 clonal lineages, 18 virulence genes, and molecular extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli status). Multivariable predictors of colonization behavior included veteran host, spouse host, matching the index clinical isolate, phylogroup F, ST73, hlyD (alpha hemolysin), hlyF (variant hemolysin), H7 fliC (flagellar variant), vat (vacuolating toxin), and iha (adhesin-siderophore). Conclusions Host demographics, multiple bacterial “virulence” traits, and matching the index clinical isolate predicted E. coli fecal colonization behaviors. Thus, certain bacterial characteristics may promote both colonization and pathogenicity. Future interventions directed toward such traits might prevent E. coli infections both directly and by disrupting antecedent colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C Fox
- Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Connie Clabots
- Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen B Porter
- Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tricia Bender
- Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul Thuras
- Mental Health Patient Service Line, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aylin Colpan
- Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jessica Boettcher
- Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - James R Johnson
- Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Taggar G, Attiq Rheman M, Boerlin P, Diarra MS. Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenemases in Enterobacteriales from Humans, Animals, Food and the Environment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100693. [PMID: 33066205 PMCID: PMC7602032 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Enterobacteriales order consists of seven families including Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae, Pectobacteriaceae, Yersiniaceae, Hafniaceae, Morganellaceae, and Budviciaceae and 60 genera encompassing over 250 species. The Enterobacteriaceae is currently considered as the most taxonomically diverse among all seven recognized families. The emergence of carbapenem resistance (CR) in Enterobacteriaceae caused by hydrolytic enzymes called carbapenemases has become a major concern worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolates have been reported not only in nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens but also in food-producing animals, companion animals, and the environment. The reported carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae from different sources belong to the Ambler class A (blaKPC), class B (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM), and class D (blaOXA-48) β-lactamases. The carbapenem encoding genes are often located on plasmids or associated with various mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like transposons and integrons, which contribute significantly to their spread. These genes are most of the time associated with other antimicrobial resistance genes such as other β-lactamases, as well as aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones resistance genes leading to multidrug resistance phenotypes. Control strategies to prevent infections due to CRE and their dissemination in human, animal and food have become necessary. Several factors involved in the emergence of CRE have been described. This review mainly focuses on the molecular epidemiology of carbapenemases in members of Enterobacteriaceae family from humans, animals, food and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Taggar
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 93, Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C6, Canada; (G.T.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Muhammad Attiq Rheman
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 93, Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C6, Canada; (G.T.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Moussa Sory Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 93, Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C6, Canada; (G.T.); (M.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Shetty SS, Deekshit VK, Jazeela K, Vittal R, Rohit A, Chakraborty A, Karunasagar I. Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance associated with extra-intestinal Escherichia coli isolates from hospital samples. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:192-198. [PMID: 31219083 PMCID: PMC6563729 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2092_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Infection from fluoroquinolone-resistant extra-intestinal Escherichia coli is a global concern. In this study, isolation and characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant extra-intestinal E. coli isolates obtained from hospital samples were undertaken to detect plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Methods Forty three isolates of E. coli obtained from patients with extra-intestinal infections were subjected to antibiogram to detect fluoroquinolone resistance. The mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance was determined by the detection of PMQR genes and mutations in quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR). Results Of the 43 isolates, 36 were resistant to nalidixic acid (83.72%) and 28 to ciprofloxacin (65.11%). Eight E. coli isolates showed total resistance to both the antimicrobials without any minimum inhibitory concentration. The detection of PMQR genes with qnr primers showed the presence of qnrA in two, qnrB in six and qnrS in 21 isolates. The gene coding for quinolone efflux pump (qepA) was not detected in any of the isolates tested. The presence of some unexpressed PMQR genes in fluoroquinolone sensitive isolates was also observed. Interpretation & conclusions The detection of silent PMQR genes as observed in the present study presents a risk of the transfer of the silent resistance genes to other microorganisms if present in conjugative plasmids, thus posing a therapeutic challenge to the physicians. Hence, frequent monitoring is to be done for all resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi S Shetty
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education & Research, Mangaluru, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education & Research, Mangaluru, India
| | - Kadeeja Jazeela
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education & Research, Mangaluru, India
| | - Rajeshwari Vittal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education & Research, Mangaluru, India
| | - Anusha Rohit
- Department of Microbiology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education & Research, Mangaluru, India
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Salunke RA, Shukla M, Kaul G, Bansal BR, Chopra S, Chhibber M. New fluoroquinolone compounds with
endo
‐nortropine derivatives at C‐7 position show antibacterial activity against fluoroquinolone‐resistant strains of
Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1626-1633. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrushna Ashok Salunke
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala India
- Saurav Chemicals Limited Derabassi‐ Mohali India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- CDRI - Division of Microbiology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Grace Kaul
- CDRI - Division of Microbiology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | - Sidharth Chopra
- CDRI - Division of Microbiology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Manmohan Chhibber
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala India
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6
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Bourne JA, Chong WL, Gordon DM. Genetic structure, antimicrobial resistance and frequency of human associated Escherichia coli sequence types among faecal isolates from healthy dogs and cats living in Canberra, Australia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212867. [PMID: 30830915 PMCID: PMC6398920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) cause clinical infections in humans. Understanding the evolution and dissemination of ExPEC strains via potential reservoirs is important due to associated morbidity, health care costs and mortality. To further understanding this survey has examined isolates recovered from the faeces of 221 healthy dogs and 427 healthy cats. The distribution of phylogroups varied with host species, and depended on whether the animal was living in a shelter or a home. The human associated STs 69, 73, 95, 131 and 127 were prevalent, with 30.5% of cat isolates and 10.3% of dog isolates representing these ExPEC sequence types. Resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin and tetracycline was common, but resistance to other antimicrobials was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Bourne
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, the Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Wye Li Chong
- RSPCA Veterinary Clinic, Wright, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - David M. Gordon
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, the Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
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7
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Pandemic Bacteremic Escherichia Coli Strains: Evolution and Emergence of Drug-Resistant Pathogens. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 416:163-180. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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8
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Saputra S, Jordan D, Mitchell T, Wong HS, Abraham RJ, Kidsley A, Turnidge J, Trott DJ, Abraham S. Antimicrobial resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals in Australia. Vet Microbiol 2017; 211:43-50. [PMID: 29102120 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli have become a major public health concern to both humans and animal health. While the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinical E. coli is monitored regularly in human medicine, current frequency of AMR in companion animals remains unknown in Australia. In this study we conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and where possible, determined potential risk factors for MDR infection among 883 clinical Escherichia coli isolated from dogs (n=514), cats (n=341) and horses (n=28). AST was undertaken for 15 antimicrobial agents according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and interpreted using epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) as well as CLSI veterinary and human clinical breakpoints. The AST revealed complete absence of resistance to carbapenems while resistance to amikacin was observed at a low level in isolates from dogs (1.6%) and cats (1.5%) compared to horses (10.7%). Among dog isolates, resistance to fluoroquinolones ranged from 9.1%-9.3% whereas among cat isolates, it ranged from 3.2%-5%. Among dog isolates, the proportion showing a 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC) non-wild type phenotype was significantly higher (P<0.05) in skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI, n=122) isolates (17.2%-20.5%) compared to urinary tract infection (UTI, n=392) isolates (9.9%-10.2%). The frequency of multidrug resistance was 18.1%, 11.7% and 42.9% in dog, cat and horse isolates, respectively. Risk factor analysis revealed that MDR E. coli isolated from UTI were positively associated with chronicity of infection and previous antimicrobial treatment. Dogs and cats with chronic UTI that had been previously treated with antimicrobials were eight times and six times more likely to be infected with MDR E. coli compared to dogs and cats with non-chronic UTI, and no history of antimicrobial treatment, respectively. This study revealed that pre-existing disease condition and prior antimicrobial use were the major risks associated with UTI with MDR E. coli in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugiyono Saputra
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia; Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
| | - David Jordan
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW, Australia
| | - Tahlia Mitchell
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Hui San Wong
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Abraham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia; Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda Kidsley
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - John Turnidge
- Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
| | - Sam Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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9
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Pomba C, Rantala M, Greko C, Baptiste KE, Catry B, van Duijkeren E, Mateus A, Moreno MA, Pyörälä S, Ružauskas M, Sanders P, Teale C, Threlfall EJ, Kunsagi Z, Torren-Edo J, Jukes H, Törneke K. Public health risk of antimicrobial resistance transfer from companion animals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:957-968. [PMID: 27999066 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are important tools for the therapy of infectious bacterial diseases in companion animals. Loss of efficacy of antimicrobial substances can seriously compromise animal health and welfare. A need for the development of new antimicrobials for the therapy of multiresistant infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria, has been acknowledged in human medicine and a future corresponding need in veterinary medicine is expected. A unique aspect related to antimicrobial resistance and risk of resistance transfer in companion animals is their close contact with humans. This creates opportunities for interspecies transmission of resistant bacteria. Yet, the current knowledge of this field is limited and no risk assessment is performed when approving new veterinary antimicrobials. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the use and indications for antimicrobials in companion animals, drug-resistant bacteria of concern among companion animals, risk factors for colonization of companion animals with resistant bacteria and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (bacteria and/or resistance determinants) between animals and humans. The major antimicrobial resistance microbiological hazards originating from companion animals that directly or indirectly may cause adverse health effects in humans are MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, VRE, ESBL- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-negative bacteria. In the face of the previously recognized microbiological hazards, a risk assessment tool could be applied in applications for marketing authorization for medicinal products for companion animals. This would allow the approval of new veterinary medicinal antimicrobials for which risk levels are estimated as acceptable for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constança Pomba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Merja Rantala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Mateus
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Miguel A Moreno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Satu Pyörälä
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Modestas Ružauskas
- Veterinary Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pascal Sanders
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Torren-Edo
- European Medicines Agency, London, UK.,Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Helen Jukes
- Veterinary Medicines Directorate, Addlestone, UK
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10
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Holmes AH, Moore LSP, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, Guerin PJ, Piddock LJV. Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet 2016; 387:176-87. [PMID: 26603922 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1261] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To combat the threat to human health and biosecurity from antimicrobial resistance, an understanding of its mechanisms and drivers is needed. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms is a natural phenomenon, yet antimicrobial resistance selection has been driven by antimicrobial exposure in health care, agriculture, and the environment. Onward transmission is affected by standards of infection control, sanitation, access to clean water, access to assured quality antimicrobials and diagnostics, travel, and migration. Strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance by removing antimicrobial selective pressure alone rely upon resistance imparting a fitness cost, an effect not always apparent. Minimising resistance should therefore be considered comprehensively, by resistance mechanism, microorganism, antimicrobial drug, host, and context; parallel to new drug discovery, broad ranging, multidisciplinary research is needed across these five levels, interlinked across the health-care, agriculture, and environment sectors. Intelligent, integrated approaches, mindful of potential unintended results, are needed to ensure sustained, worldwide access to effective antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Holmes
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Luke S P Moore
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Arnfinn Sundsfjord
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway; Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martin Steinbakk
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sadie Regmi
- Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation (iSEI), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Abhilasha Karkey
- Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Philippe J Guerin
- Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), and Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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11
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Abstract
In 2008, a previously unknown Escherichia coli clonal group, sequence type 131 (ST131), was identified on three continents. Today, ST131 is the predominant E. coli lineage among extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) isolates worldwide. Retrospective studies have suggested that it may originally have risen to prominence as early as 2003. Unlike other classical group B2 ExPEC isolates, ST131 isolates are commonly reported to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases, such as CTX-M-15, and almost all are resistant to fluoroquinolones. Moreover, ST131 E. coli isolates are considered to be truly pathogenic, due to the spectrum of infections they cause in both community and hospital settings and the large number of virulence-associated genes they contain. ST131 isolates therefore seem to contradict the widely held view that high levels of antimicrobial resistance are necessarily associated with a fitness cost leading to a decrease in pathogenesis. Six years after the first description of E. coli ST131, this review outlines the principal traits of ST131 clonal group isolates, based on the growing body of published data, and highlights what is currently known and what we need to find out to provide public health authorities with better information to help combat ST131.
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12
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Guo S, Wakeham D, Brouwers HJM, Cobbold RN, Abraham S, Mollinger JL, Johnson JR, Chapman TA, Gordon DM, Barrs VR, Trott DJ. Human-associated fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli clonal lineages, including ST354, isolated from canine feces and extraintestinal infections in Australia. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:266-74. [PMID: 25576024 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic group D extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), including O15:K52:H1 and clonal group A, have spread globally and become fluoroquinolone-resistant. Here we investigated the role of canine feces as a reservoir of these (and other) human-associated ExPEC and their potential as canine pathogens. We characterized and compared fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates originally identified as phylogenetic group D from either the feces of hospitalized dogs (n = 67; 14 dogs) or extraintestinal infections (n = 53; 33 dogs). Isolates underwent phylogenetic grouping, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, virulence genotyping, resistance genotyping, human-associated ExPEC O-typing, and multi-locus sequence typing. Five of seven human-associated sequence types (STs) exhibited ExPEC-associated O-types, and appeared in separate RAPD clusters. The largest subgroup (16 fecal, 26 clinical isolates) were ST354 (phylogroup F) isolates. ST420 (phylogroup B2); O1-ST38, O15:K52:H1-ST393, and O15:K1-ST130 (phylogroup D); and O7-ST457, and O1-ST648 (phylogroup F) were also identified. Three ST-specific RAPD sub-clusters (ST354, ST393, and ST457) contained closely related isolates from both fecal or clinical sources. Genes encoding CTX-M and AmpC β-lactamases were identified in isolates from five STs. Major human-associated fluoroquinolone-resistant ± extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant ExPEC of public health importance may be carried in dog feces and cause extraintestinal infections in some dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- SiYu Guo
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Road, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - David Wakeham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Huub J M Brouwers
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Road, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Rowland N Cobbold
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Joanne L Mollinger
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Coopers Plains QLD 4108, Australia
| | - James R Johnson
- Infectious Diseases (111F), VA Medical Center, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Toni A Chapman
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Road, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - David M Gordon
- School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.
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Redgrave LS, Sutton SB, Webber MA, Piddock LJV. Fluoroquinolone resistance: mechanisms, impact on bacteria, and role in evolutionary success. Trends Microbiol 2014; 22:438-45. [PMID: 24842194 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics are potent, broad-spectrum agents commonly used to treat a range of infections. Resistance to these agents is multifactorial and can be via one or a combination of target-site gene mutations, increased production of multidrug-resistance (MDR) efflux pumps, modifying enzymes, and/or target-protection proteins. Fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria have emerged readily and recent data have shown that resistance to this class of antibiotics can have diverse, species-dependent impacts on host-strain fitness. Here we outline the impacts of quinolone-resistance mutations in relation to the fitness and evolutionary success of mutant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam S Redgrave
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, Biosciences Building, University Road West, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sam B Sutton
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, Biosciences Building, University Road West, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark A Webber
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, Biosciences Building, University Road West, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, Biosciences Building, University Road West, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Abraham S, Wong HS, Turnidge J, Johnson JR, Trott DJ. Carbapenemase-producing bacteria in companion animals: a public health concern on the horizon. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1155-7. [PMID: 24398342 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical infections attributed to carbapenemase-producing bacteria are a pressing public health concern owing to limited therapeutic options and linked antimicrobial resistance. In recent years, studies have reported the emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and their public health impact. This has been closely followed by the global dissemination of highly resistant and virulent zooanthroponotic extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) ST131 clones. It has also been hypothesized that companion animals may act as a reservoir for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens in the community. Two recent reports have documented the emergence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in companion animals. This phenomenon is of great concern because of the close contact between humans and their pets, and the potential for cross-species transmission. This scenario suggests a role for multifaceted control of Gram-negative multidrug-resistant infections in companion animals. This short article addresses this issue and identifies steps that could facilitate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Abraham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5371, Australia
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