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Williams LJ, Tristram SG, Zosky GR. Geogenic particles induce bronchial susceptibility to non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116868. [PMID: 37567381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to geogenic (earth-derived) particulate matter (PM) is linked to an increased prevalence of bronchiectasis and other respiratory infections in Australian Indigenous communities. Experimental studies have shown that the concentration of iron in geogenic PM is associated with the magnitude of respiratory health effects, however, the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the effect of geogenic PM and iron oxide on the invasiveness of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages or epithelial cell lines (A549 & BEAS-2B) were exposed to whole geogenic PM, their primary constituents (haematite, magnetite or silica) or diesel exhaust particles (DEP). The uptake of bacteria was quantified by flow cytometry and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on NTHi strains. Geogenic PM increased the invasiveness of NTHi in bronchial epithelial cells. Of the primary constituents, haematite also increased NTHi invasion with magnetite and silica having significantly less impact. Furthermore, we observed varying levels of invasiveness amongst NTHi isolates. WGS analysis suggested isolates with more genes associated with heme acquisition were more virulent in BEAS-2B cells. The present study suggests that geogenic particles can increase the susceptibility of bronchial epithelial cells to select bacterial pathogens in vitro, a response primarily driven by haematite content in the dust. This demonstrates a potential mechanism linking exposure to iron-laden geogenic PM and high rates of chronic respiratory infections in remote communities in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Williams
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000, Australia
| | - Stephen G Tristram
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, 7250, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000, Australia.
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2
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Chien YC, Huang YT, Liao CH, Chien JY, Hsueh PR. Clinical characteristics of bacteremia caused by Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species and antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 54:1130-1138. [PMID: 33390332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of bacteremia caused by Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species in patients who were treated at a medical center between 2006 and 2018. METHODS Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter isolates were identified up to the species level using Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF analysis and ancillary 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis (in case of ambiguity). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with bacteremia caused by these organisms were evaluated. RESULTS Sixty-five Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species isolates causing bacteremia were identified from nonduplicated patients, including 51 (78.5%) Haemophilus influenzae, 6 (9.2%) Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 (1.5%) Haemophilus haemolyticus, 3 (4.6%) A. aphrophilus, and 4 (6.2%) A. segnis. Hospital mortality was observed in 18 (28.1%) of 64 patients with bacteremia caused by Haemophilus (n = 57) and Aggregatibacter species (n = 7). The majority of patients with bacteremia had community-acquired disease with low severity. The average Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was low (4.4 ± 4.7). But, a higher SOFA score (adjusted odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.22-5.12; P = 0.01) was an independent factor predicting poor 7-day clinical outcomes in patients with community-acquired H. influenzae bacteremia (n = 39). CONCLUSIONS The overall hospital mortality of 28.1% was observed among patients with bacteremia due to Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species. A higher SOFA score was and independent predictor of poor 7-day clinical outcomes in patients with community-acquired H. influenzae bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsing Liao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yien Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Atto B, Kunde D, Gell DA, Tristram S. Oropharyngeal Carriage of hpl-Containing Haemophilus haemolyticus Predicts Lower Prevalence and Density of NTHi Colonisation in Healthy Adults. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050577. [PMID: 34068621 PMCID: PMC8151607 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major respiratory pathogen that initiates infection by colonising the upper airways. Strategies that interfere with this interaction may therefore have a clinically significant impact on the ability of NTHi to cause disease. We have previously shown that strains of the commensal bacterium Haemophilus haemolyticus (Hh) that produce a novel haem-binding protein, haemophilin, can prevent NTHi growth and interactions with host cells in vitro. We hypothesized that natural pharyngeal carriage of Hh strains with the hpl open reading frame (Hh-hpl+) would be associated with a lower prevalence and/or density of NTHi colonisation in healthy individuals. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 257 healthy adults in Australia between 2018 and 2019. Real-time PCR was used to quantitatively compare the oropharyngeal carriage load of NTHi and Hh populations with the Hh-hpl+ or Hh-hpl− genotype. The likelihood of acquiring/maintaining NTHi colonisation status over a two- to six-month period was assessed in individuals that carried either Hh-hpl− (n = 25) or Hh-hpl+ (n = 25). Compared to carriage of Hh-hpl− strains, adult (18–65 years) and elderly (>65 years) participants that were colonised with Hh-hpl+ were 2.43 or 2.67 times less likely to carry NTHi in their oropharynx, respectively. Colonisation with high densities of Hh-hpl+ correlated with a low NTHi carriage load and a 2.63 times lower likelihood of acquiring/maintaining NTHi colonisation status between visits. Together with supporting in vitro studies, these results encourage further investigation into the potential use of Hh-hpl+ as a respiratory probiotic candidate for the prevention of NTHi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Atto
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Dale Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - David A. Gell
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia;
| | - Stephen Tristram
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (S.T.)
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4
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Haemophilin-Producing Strains of Haemophilus haemolyticus Protect Respiratory Epithelia from NTHi Colonisation and Internalisation. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10010029. [PMID: 33401487 PMCID: PMC7823694 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a significant respiratory tract pathogen responsible for infections that collectively pose a substantial health and socioeconomic burden. The clinical course of these infections is largely dictated by NTHi interactions with host respiratory epithelia, and thus, approaches that disrupt colonisation and invasion may have significant therapeutic potential. Survival, successful host–cell interactions, and pathogenesis are reliant on NTHi’s ability to sequester host-derived haem. Previously, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exploiting this haem-dependence using a closely related competitor bacterium, Haemophilus haemolyticus (Hh). Hh strains capable of producing the novel haem-binding protein haemophilin (Hpl) possessed potent inhibitory activity by restricting NTHi access to haem in a broth co-culture environment. Here, we extend this work to cell culture models that more closely represent the human respiratory epithelium and show that Hh strains with high levels of hpl expression protect epithelial cell line monolayers against adhesion and invasion by NTHi. Inhibitory activity was dependent on the level of Hpl production, which was stimulated by NTHi challenge and nasopharyngeal cell exposure. Provided these protective benefits translate to in vivo applications, Hpl-producing Hh may have probiotic utility against NTHi infections by inhibiting requisite nasopharyngeal colonisation.
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5
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Tchatchouang S, Nzouankeu A, Hong E, Terrade A, Denizon M, Deghmane AE, Ndiang SMT, Pefura-Yone EW, Penlap Beng V, Njouom R, Fonkoua MC, Taha MK. Analysis of Haemophilus species in patients with respiratory tract infections in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 100:12-20. [PMID: 32827751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identifyHaemophilus species and characterize antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in Cameroon. METHODS Isolates (n = 95) were from patients with RTIs obtained from two Hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Isolates were identified by biochemical assay, PCR-based method, MALDI-TOF and whole genome sequencing. Antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by E-test. RESULTS H. influenzae was the most prevalent species varying from 76.8% to 84.2% according to different methods. The isolates were mainly nontypable (n = 70, 96%). Three isolates of H. influenzae were capsulated (b, e and f). The isolates were genetically diverse and 40 unique sequence types were identified including 11 new ones. Resistance to ampicillin was observed among 55.3% (52/94) and 9% (14/52) produced TEM-1 β-lactamase. PBP3 mutations occurred in 57.7% of ampicillin resistant isolates (30/52). Eleven isolates were chloramphenicol resistant with 80% producing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (8/10). Four Haemophilus isolates were rifampicin resistant with two mutations in rpoB gene. Five isolates were ciprofloxacin resistant and harbored mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrA and parC genes. CONCLUSION H. influenzae isolates are highly diverse and show high levels of antibiotic resistance. H. influenzae serotype b is still circulating in the post-vaccination era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serges Tchatchouang
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Bacteriology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Nzouankeu
- Department of Bacteriology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eva Hong
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aude Terrade
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Denizon
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ala-Eddine Deghmane
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Richard Njouom
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, National Reference Centre for Meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Williams LJ, Tristram SG, Zosky GR. Inorganic particulate matter modulates non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae growth: a link between chronic bacterial infection and geogenic particles. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2137-2145. [PMID: 31845018 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Australian Aboriginal populations have unacceptably high rates of bronchiectasis. This disease burden is associated with high rates of detection of pathogenic bacteria, particularly non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). While there is evidence to suggest that exposure to inorganic particulate matter (PM) is associated with worse respiratory infections, no studies have considered the direct effect of this PM on bacterial growth. Nine clinical isolates of pathogenic NTHi were used for this study. Isolates were exposed to two common iron oxides, haematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4), or quartz (SiO2), as the main constituents of environmental inorganic PM. NTHi isolates were exposed to PM with varying levels of heme to identify whether the response to PM was altered by iron availability. The maximal rate of growth and maximum supported growth were assessed. We observed that inorganic PM was able to modify the maximal growth of selected NTHi isolates. Magnetite and quartz were able to increase maximal growth, while haematite could both increase and suppress the maximal growth. However, these effects varied depending on iron availability and on the bacterial isolate. Our data suggest that inorganic PM may directly alter the growth of pathogenic NTHi. This observation may partly explain the link between exposure to high levels of crustal PM and chronic bacterial infection in Australian Aboriginals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Williams
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - S G Tristram
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
| | - G R Zosky
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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7
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Wang XL, Xie J, Guo YB, Zhu BQ, Shao ZJ, Guo HM, Yang LL, Liu HW, Wang ZH, Hu J, Huang LF. Lower respiratory tract isolates of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in Western Sichuan, China: Antimicrobial susceptibility, mechanisms of β-lactam resistance and decade changes. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 21:324-330. [PMID: 31704169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to analyse the serotypes of epidemic Haemophilus influenzae and changes in mechanisms of β-lactam resistance over the past decade. RESULTS Haemophilus influenzae isolates in Western Sichuan from 2013-2014 were non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi). β-Lactam MICs for NTHi isolated during 2013-2014 were significantly higher than those from 2003-2004 (P < 0.05). Of 274 NTHi, 141 (51.5%) were β-lactamase-positive (TEM-1 type). There were 35 amino acid (AA) substitutions in ftsI among NTHi isolated from 2013-2014. However, NTHi isolates from 2003-2004 had only nine AA substitutions. Ordered multiple classification logistic regression analysis showed that different AA substitution patterns in ftsI had different effects on β-lactam MICs. The main factors affecting the ampicillin MIC were the mutations R517H (OR = 6.999), L389F (OR = 7.128), N526K (OR = 4.660) and D350N (OR = 0.450). The main factor influencing the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid MIC was an N526K mutation (OR = 9.349). The main factors affecting the cefuroxime MIC were the mutations S357N (OR = 37.453) and N526K (OR = 14.816). Compared with 2003-2004, gBLNAR and gBLPAR isolated from 2013-2014 increased significantly from 13.0% (7/54) and 9.3% (5/54) to 38.2% (84/220) and 45.5% (100/220), respectively (P < 0.001). In the 'others' group of ftsI gene mutations, 13 NTHi had the same ftsI gene mutation pattern and 24 AA substitutions. CONCLUSION These results confirm that β-lactam-resistant NTHi isolates increased rapidly. AA substitutions in ftsI were more complex and diversified in 2013-2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of South West Jiao Tong University & The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jiang Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of South West Jiao Tong University & The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yuan Biao Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of South West Jiao Tong University & The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bing Qing Zhu
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Jun Shao
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Min Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of South West Jiao Tong University & The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Li Li Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of South West Jiao Tong University & The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hua Wei Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of South West Jiao Tong University & The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhan Hao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of South West Jiao Tong University & The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of South West Jiao Tong University & The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lu Fei Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of South West Jiao Tong University & The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
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8
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Misawa K, Tarumoto N, Tamura S, Osa M, Hamamoto T, Yuki A, Kouzaki Y, Imai K, Ronald RL, Yamaguchi T, Murakami T, Maesaki S, Suzuki Y, Kawana A, Maeda T. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins in β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in Japan. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:53. [PMID: 29352811 PMCID: PMC5775570 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective β-Lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae is a common opportunistic pathogen of hospital- and community-acquired infections, harboring multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ftsI gene, which codes for penicillin-binding protein-3. The objectives of this study were to perform comprehensive genetic analyses of whole regions of the penicillin-binding proteins in H. influenzae and to identify additional single nucleotide polymorphisms related to antibiotic resistance, especially to ampicillin and other cephalosporins. Results In this genome analysis of the ftsI gene in 27 strains of H. influenzae, 10 of 23 (43.5%) specimens of group III genotype β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae were paradoxically classified as ampicillin-sensitive phenotypes. Unfortunately, we could not identify any novel mutations that were significantly associated with ampicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations in other regions of the penicillin-binding proteins, and we reconfirmed that susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics was mainly defined by previously reported SNPs in the ftsI gene. We should also consider detailed changes in expression that lead to antibiotic resistance in the future because the acquisition of resistance to antimicrobials can be predicted by the expression levels of a small number of genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3169-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Misawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Norihito Tarumoto
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Center for Clinical Infectious Diseases and Research, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tamura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Morichika Osa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hamamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yuki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Kouzaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Imai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Runtuwene Lucky Ronald
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Center for Clinical Infectious Diseases and Research, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Center for Clinical Infectious Diseases and Research, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Maesaki
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Center for Clinical Infectious Diseases and Research, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawana
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Saitama, Japan. .,Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.
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9
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Pizzutto SJ, Hare KM, Upham JW. Bronchiectasis in Children: Current Concepts in Immunology and Microbiology. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:123. [PMID: 28611970 PMCID: PMC5447051 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a complex chronic respiratory condition traditionally characterized by chronic infection, airway inflammation, and progressive decline in lung function. Early diagnosis and intensive treatment protocols can stabilize or even improve the clinical prognosis of children with bronchiectasis. However, understanding the host immunologic mechanisms that contribute to recurrent infection and prolonged inflammation has been identified as an important area of research that would contribute substantially to effective prevention strategies for children at risk of bronchiectasis. This review will focus on the current understanding of the role of the host immune response and important pathogens in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis (not associated with cystic fibrosis) in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Pizzutto
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Kim M Hare
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - John W Upham
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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10
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Singh NK, Kunde DA, Tristram SG. Inability of Haemophilus haemolyticus to invade respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1341-1342. [PMID: 27624822 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Singh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dale A Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen G Tristram
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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11
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Singh NK, Kunde DA, Tristram SG. Effect of epithelial cell type on in vitro invasion of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 129:66-69. [PMID: 27473508 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) have been shown to have variable ability for in vitro invasion with a range of epithelial cells, and increased invasion of BEAS-2B cells has been associated with altered penicillin binding protein3 (PBP3), which is concerning as these strains are increasing worldwide. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of respiratory cell type and the presence of altered PBP3 on the in vitro invasion of NTHi. A collection of 16 clinical NTHi isolates was established, 7 had normal PBP3, and 9 had altered PBP3 as defined by an N526K substitution. The isolates were tested for invasion of BEAS-2B, NHBE, A549 and NCI-H292 respiratory epithelial cells in vitro using a gentamicin survival assay, with invasion measured as the percentage of intracellular organisms relative to the initial inoculum. The overall median invasion for the 16 NTHi isolates for cell types BEAS-2B, NHBE, A549 and NCI-H292 cells were 3.17, 2.31, 0.11 and 1.52 respectively. The differences were statistically significant for BEAS-2B compared to A549 (P=0.015) and A549 compared to NCI-H292 (P=0.015), and there were also very marked differences in invasion for some individual isolates depending on the cell type used. There was a consistent bias for invasion of isolates with normal versus abnormal PBP3: and this was statistically significant for BEAS-2B (0.07 to 9.90, P=0.031) and A549 cells (0.02 to 1.68, P=0.037). These results show that NTHi invasion of respiratory epithelial cells in vitro is both strain dependant and influenced significantly by the cell line used, and that the association between altered PBP3 and increased invasion is conserved across multiple cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Singh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dale A Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen G Tristram
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
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Atkinson CT, Tristram SG. Antimicrobial resistance in cystic fibrosis isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 73:87-9. [PMID: 27181174 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2016.1165408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C T Atkinson
- a School of Health Sciences , University of Tasmania , Launceston , Australia
| | - S G Tristram
- a School of Health Sciences , University of Tasmania , Launceston , Australia
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Marti S, Puig C, de la Campa AG, Tirado-Velez JM, Tubau F, Domenech A, Calatayud L, Garcia-Somoza D, Ayats J, Liñares J, Ardanuy C. Identification of Haemophilus haemolyticus in clinical samples and characterization of their mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:80-4. [PMID: 26472767 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to establish the frequency of Haemophilus haemolyticus in clinical samples, to determine the antimicrobial resistance rate and to identify the mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams and quinolones. METHODS An updated database was used to differentiate between MALDI-TOF MS results for Haemophilus influenzae and H. haemolyticus. Antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by microdilution, following EUCAST criteria. The β-lactamase types were identified by PCR analysis of isolates that tested positive for nitrocefin hydrolysis. Mutations in the ftsI gene were identified in isolates with ampicillin MICs ≥0.25 mg/L. Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) were identified in isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs ≥0.5 mg/L. RESULTS Overall, we identified 69 H. haemolyticus isolates from 1706 clinical isolates of Haemophilus spp. from respiratory, genital, invasive, and other infection sources. The frequency of H. haemolyticus was low in respiratory samples compared with that of H. influenzae, but in genital-related samples, the frequency was similar to that of H. influenzae. We found low antimicrobial resistance rates among H. haemolyticus isolates, with 8.7% for ampicillin, 8.7% for co-trimoxazole, 7.2% for tetracycline and 4.3% for ciprofloxacin. Mutations in the ftsI gene classified the isolates into four groups, including the newly described Group Hhae IV, which presents mutations in the ftsI gene not identified in H. influenzae and H. haemolyticus type strains. Three ciprofloxacin-resistant H. haemolyticus isolates with mutations affecting GyrA and ParC were identified. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of H. haemolyticus was low, especially in respiratory samples, where H. influenzae is the main pathogen of this genus. Although antimicrobial resistance rates were low, three ciprofloxacin-resistant H. haemolyticus clinical isolates have been identified for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marti
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Puig
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela G de la Campa
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Tirado-Velez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fe Tubau
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnau Domenech
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Calatayud
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Garcia-Somoza
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Ayats
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Liñares
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Giufrè M, Cardines R, Degl'Innocenti R, Cerquetti M. First report of neonatal bacteremia caused by "Haemophilus quentini" diagnosed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Italy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83:121-3. [PMID: 26227328 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the first case of neonatal bacteremia caused by a "Haemophilus quentini" isolate in Italy. The isolate was differentiated from H. influenzae by 16S rRNA sequencing and was characterized by comparison with the wild-type "H. quentini" CCUG 36167. Both isolates carried substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 3 but were susceptible to aminopenicillins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giufrè
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Cardines
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Degl'Innocenti
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Nuovo Ospedale di Prato "S. Stefano", Prato, Italy
| | - Marina Cerquetti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Interspecies transfer of the penicillin-binding protein 3-encoding gene ftsI between Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus can confer reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4339-42. [PMID: 25918135 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04854-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ftsI, encoding penicillin-binding protein 3, can cause decreased β-lactam susceptibility in Haemophilus influenzae. Sequencing of ftsI from clinical strains has indicated interspecies recombination of ftsI between H. influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus. This study documented apparently unrestricted homologous recombination of ftsI between H. influenzae and H. haemolyticus in vitro. Transfer of ftsI from resistant isolates conferred similar but not identical increases in the MICs of susceptible strains of H. influenzae and H. haemolyticus.
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Gilsdorf JR. What the pediatrician should know about non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. J Infect 2015; 71 Suppl 1:S10-4. [PMID: 25917803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) live exclusively in the pharynges of humans and are increasingly recognized as pathogens that cause both localized infections of the respiratory tract (middle ear spaces, sinuses, and bronchi) and systemic infections such as bacteraemia and pneumonia. Only one vaccine antigen of NTHi, Protein D, has been extensively studied in humans and its efficacy in preventing NTHi otitis media is modest. Recent genetic analyses reveal that NTHi are closely related to Haemophilus haemolyticus (Hh), previously thought to be a non-pathogenic commensal of the pharynx. This review discusses the differences between the pathogenic potential of encapsulated and non-typeable Hi. In addition, information on the lifestyles and bacterial characteristics of NTHi and Hh as they pertain to their pathogenic capacities and the value of the Haemophilus taxonomy to clinicians are presented. Further, the epidemiology and mechanisms of NTHi antibiotic resistance, which include production of β-lactamase and alterations of penicillin-binding protein 3, are reviewed, as are the challenges of vaccine antigen discovery in NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Gilsdorf
- D5101 Medical Professional Building SPC 5718, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5718, United States.
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17
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Atkinson CT, Kunde DA, Tristram SG. Acquired macrolide resistance genes inHaemophilus influenzae?: Table 1. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:2234-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hinz R, Zautner AE, Hagen RM, Frickmann H. Difficult identification of Haemophilus influenzae, a typical cause of upper respiratory tract infections, in the microbiological diagnostic routine. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2015; 5:62-7. [PMID: 25883794 PMCID: PMC4397848 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi-d-14-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is a key pathogen of upper respiratory tract infections. Its reliable discrimination from nonpathogenic Haemophilus spp. is necessary because merely colonizing bacteria are frequent at primarily unsterile sites. Due to close phylogenetic relationship, it is not easy to discriminate H. influenzae from the colonizer Haemophilus haemolyticus. The frequency of H. haemolyticus isolations depends on factors like sampling site, patient condition, and geographic region. Biochemical discrimination has been shown to be nonreliable. Multiplex PCR including marker genes like sodC, fucK, and hpd or sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the P6 gene, or multilocus-sequence-typing is more promising. For the diagnostic routine, such techniques are too expensive and laborious. If available, matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a routine-compatible option and should be used in the first line. However, the used database should contain well-defined reference spectra, and the spectral difference between H. influenzae and H. haemolyticus is small. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization is an option for less well-equipped laboratories, but the available protocol will not lead to conclusive results in all instances. It can be used as a second line approach. Occasional ambiguous results have to be resolved by alternative molecular methods like 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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Obaid NA, Jacobson GA, Tristram S. Relationship between clinical site of isolation and ability to form biofilms in vitro in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:243-5. [PMID: 25706230 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a range of infections, including various lower respiratory infections, otitis media, and conjunctivitis. There is some debate as to whether or not NTHi produces biofilms and, if so, whether or not this is relevant to pathogenesis. Although many studies have examined the association between in vitro biofilm formation and isolates from a specific infection type, few have made comparisons from isolates from a broad range of isolates grouped by clinical source. In our study 50 NTHi from different clinical sources, otitis media, conjunctivitis, lower respiratory tract infections in both cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis patients, and nasopharyngeal carriage, plus 10 nasopharyngeal isolates of the commensal Haemophilus haemolyticus were tested for the ability to form biofilm by using a static microtitre plate crystal violet assay. A high degree of variation in biofilm forming ability was observed across all isolates, with no statistically significant differences observed between the groups, with the exception of the isolates from conjunctivitis. These isolates had uniformly lower biofilm forming ability compared with isolates from the other groups (p < 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Obaid
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, 7005, Tasmania, Australia
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Zhang B, Kunde D, Tristram S. Haemophilus haemolyticus is infrequently misidentified as Haemophilus influenzae in diagnostic specimens in Australia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 80:272-3. [PMID: 25266675 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The commensal Haemophilus haemolyticus is difficult to differentiate from the respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae using phenotypic tests. In a study that used molecular tests to retrospectively identify 447 phenotypically identified H. influenzae isolates from diagnostic specimens in Australia, only 7 (1.5%) H. haemolyticus were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dale Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen Tristram
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
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Atkins NA, Kunde DA, Zosky G, Tristram SG. Genotypically defined β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant isolates of non-typable Haemophilus influenzae are associated with increased invasion of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1400-1403. [PMID: 25053797 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.077966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the presence of altered penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) in non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and an increased capacity to invade bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. A collection of 40 clinical isolates of NTHi comprised of 20 with normal PBP3 and 20 with altered PBP3 (defined by an N526K substitution) was established. The isolates were tested for the ability to invade bronchial epithelial cells in vitro using a 4 h gentamicin survival assay. Invasion was measured as the percentage of intracellular organisms relative to the initial inoculum. The mean invasion rate was 0.00-14.79 % in the normal PBP3 isolates and 0.02-36.69 % in the altered PBP3 isolates. The altered PBP3 isolates had a higher (P = 0.003) mean invasion rate (6.86 %, n = 20) than the normal PBP3 isolates (1.31 %, n = 20). Subsequently, two variants of altered PBP3 (transformant 1, N526K; transformant 2, M377I, S385T, L389F and N526K) were cloned into three of the initial isolates (parents) with normal PBP3 and relatively low invasive ability, and the parents and transformants tested for invasion as above. There was no difference (P = 0.89) in the mean invasion rates for the parents (0.81 %, n = 3), transformants 1 (0.90 %, n = 3) and transformants 2 (1.38 %, n = 3). There was an association between the presence of altered PBP3 in NTHi and an increased capacity to invade BEAS-2B cells in vitro, but cloning experiments suggested that the altered PBP3 was not involved directly in enhanced invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Atkins
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dale A Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Graeme Zosky
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen G Tristram
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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Nørskov-Lauritsen N. Classification, identification, and clinical significance of Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species with host specificity for humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 27:214-40. [PMID: 24696434 PMCID: PMC3993099 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00103-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the current classification and identification of Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species with exclusive or predominant host specificity for humans. Haemophilus influenzae and some of the other Haemophilus species are commonly encountered in the clinical microbiology laboratory and demonstrate a wide range of pathogenicity, from life-threatening invasive disease to respiratory infections to a nonpathogenic, commensal lifestyle. New species of Haemophilus have been described (Haemophilus pittmaniae and Haemophilus sputorum), and the new genus Aggregatibacter was created to accommodate some former Haemophilus and Actinobacillus species (Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, Aggregatibacter segnis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). Aggregatibacter species are now a dominant etiology of infective endocarditis caused by fastidious organisms (HACEK endocarditis), and A. aphrophilus has emerged as an important cause of brain abscesses. Correct identification of Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter species based on phenotypic characterization can be challenging. It has become clear that 15 to 20% of presumptive H. influenzae isolates from the respiratory tracts of healthy individuals do not belong to this species but represent nonhemolytic variants of Haemophilus haemolyticus. Due to the limited pathogenicity of H. haemolyticus, the proportion of misidentified strains may be lower in clinical samples, but even among invasive strains, a misidentification rate of 0.5 to 2% can be found. Several methods have been investigated for differentiation of H. influenzae from its less pathogenic relatives, but a simple method for reliable discrimination is not available. With the implementation of identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, the more rarely encountered species of Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter will increasingly be identified in clinical microbiology practice. However, identification of some strains will still be problematic, necessitating DNA sequencing of multiple housekeeping gene fragments or full-length 16S rRNA genes.
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Witherden EA, Bajanca-Lavado MP, Tristram SG, Nunes A. Role of inter-species recombination of the ftsI gene in the dissemination of altered penicillin-binding-protein-3-mediated resistance in Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1501-9. [PMID: 24562614 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To screen the ftsI gene sequences obtained from clinical isolates of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Haemophilus haemolyticus for the presence of mosaic ftsI gene structures, and to evaluate the role of inter-species recombination of the ftsI gene in the formation and distribution of resistant ftsI genes. METHODS The ftsI genes of 100 Haemophilus isolates comprising genetically defined β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-susceptible (gBLNAS), β-lactamase-positive ampicillin-resistant (gBLPAR), β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (gBLNAR) and β-lactamase-positive amoxicillin/clavulanate-resistant (gBLPACR) isolates of NTHi (n = 50) and H. haemolyticus (n = 50) were analysed in this study. Both the flanking regions and the full-length ftsI gene sequences of all study isolates were screened for mosaic structures using H. influenzae Rd and H. haemolyticus ATCC 33390 as reference parental sequences, and bioinformatics methods were used for recombination analysis using SimPlot. RESULTS Of the 100 clinical isolates analysed 34% (34/100) harboured mosaic ftsI gene structures containing distinct ftsI gene fragments similar to both reference parental sequences. The inter-species recombination events were exclusively encountered in the ftsI gene of gBLNAR/gBLPACR isolates of both NTHi and H. haemolyticus, and were always associated with the formation of a mosaic fragment at the 3' end of the ftsI gene. There was no evidence supporting horizontal gene transfer (HGT) involving the entire ftsI gene among the clinical isolates in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for the HGT and inter-species recombination of the ftsI gene among gBLNAR/gBLPACR isolates of NTHi and H. haemolyticus in a clinical setting, highlighting the importance of recombination of the ftsI gene in the emergence of altered penicillin-binding protein 3 and BLNAR-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Witherden
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Maria Paula Bajanca-Lavado
- Department of Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stephen G Tristram
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- Department of Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Witherden EA, Kunde D, Tristram SG. PCR screening for the N526K substitution in isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2255-8. [PMID: 23645583 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Firstly, to evaluate the current PBP3-S primers of Hasegawa et al. (Microb Drug Resist 2003; 9: 39-46) and develop new primers for the amplification of N526 in isolates of Haemophilus haemolyticus. Secondly, to develop a new PCR assay for the detection (by amplification) of the N526K substitution, encoded by either the AAA or AAG single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 1576-1578 of the ftsI gene, in isolates of both Haemophilus influenzae and H. haemolyticus. METHODS A total of 50 H. influenzae and 50 H. haemolyticus isolates, comprising N526 and N526K genotypes, were used to evaluate the performance of SNP-based PCR primers for the detection of the β-lactamase-negative ampicillin resistance (BLNAR)-defining N526K substitution in H. influenzae and H. haemolyticus, using a real-time PCR platform. RESULTS The PBP3-S primers of Hasegawa et al. failed to amplify H. haemolyticus isolates, irrespective of their N526/N526K status, owing to an inability of the forward primer to bind the H. haemolyticus ftsI sequence, giving an overall sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 40% when using all of the isolates. However, the PBP3-N526 and PBP3-N526K PCR primers designed in this study were 100% sensitive and specific, and 84% sensitive and 100% specific, respectively, for the detection of N526K-positive isolates. CONCLUSIONS Although antibiotic resistance surveillance studies on H. influenzae should include a definitive test for H. influenzae/H. haemolyticus identification, the new primers from this study will not only allow for PCR characterization of both H. influenzae and H. haemolyticus with respect to the N526K BLNAR substitutions, they will also stop incorrect characterization of susceptible H. haemolyticus isolates as low-BLNAR H. influenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Witherden
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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