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Grossman S, Fishwick CWG, McPhillie MJ. Developments in Non-Intercalating Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Allosteric and ATPase Inhibitors of DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:261. [PMID: 37259406 PMCID: PMC9964621 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in antibiotic usage and antimicrobial resistance occurrence have caused a dramatic reduction in the effectiveness of many frontline antimicrobial treatments. Topoisomerase inhibitors including fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat a range of infections, which stabilise a topoisomerase-DNA cleavage complex via intercalation of the bound DNA. However, these are subject to bacterial resistance, predominantly in the form of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the active site. Significant research has been undertaken searching for novel bioactive molecules capable of inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases at sites distal to the fluoroquinolone binding site. Notably, researchers have undertaken searches for anti-infective agents that can inhibit topoisomerases through alternate mechanisms. This review summarises work looking at the inhibition of topoisomerases predominantly through non-intercalating agents, including those acting at a novel allosteric site, ATPase domain inhibitors, and those offering unique binding modes and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Grossman
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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2
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In Vitro and In Vivo Properties of CUO246, a Novel Bacterial DNA Gyrase/Topoisomerase IV Inhibitor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0092122. [PMID: 36448795 PMCID: PMC9765007 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00921-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
CUO246, a novel DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV inhibitor, is active in vitro against a broad range of Gram-positive, fastidious Gram-negative, and atypical bacterial pathogens and retains activity against quinolone-resistant strains in circulation. The frequency of selection for single step mutants of wild-type S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to CUO246 was <4.64 × 10-9 at 4× and 8× MIC and remained low when using an isogenic QRDR mutant (<5.24 × 10-9 at 4× and 8× MIC). Biochemical assays indicated that CUO246 had potent inhibitory activity against both DNA gyrase (GyrAB) and topoisomerase IV (ParCE). Furthermore, CUO246 showed rapid bactericidal activity in time-kill assays and potent in vivo efficacy against S. aureus in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model. These results suggest that CUO246 may be useful in treating infections by various causative agents of acute skin and skin structure infections, respiratory tract infections, and sexually transmitted infections.
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3
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Pudipeddi A, Vasudevan S, Shanmugam K, Mohan S S, Vairaprakash P, Neelakantan P, Balraj AS, Solomon AP. Design, dynamic docking, synthesis, and in vitro validation of a novel DNA gyrase B inhibitor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35924774 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) are among the WHO's high priority pathogens. Among these two, MRSA is the most globally documented pathogen that necessitates the pressing demand for new classes of anti-MRSA drugs. Bacterial gyrase targeted therapeutics are unique strategies to overcome cross-resistance as they are present only in bacteria and absent in higher eukaryotes. The GyrB subunit is essential for the catalytic functions of the bacterial enzyme DNA Gyrase, thereby constituting a promising druggable target. The current study performed a structure-based virtual screening to designing GyrB target-specific candidate molecules. The de novo ligand design of novel hit molecules was performed using a rhodanine scaffold. Through a systematic in silico screening process, the hit molecules were screened for their synthetic accessibility, drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics properties in addition to its target specific interactions. Of the 374 hit molecules obtained through de novo ligand design, qsl-304 emerged as the most promising ligand. The molecular dynamic simulation studies confirmed the stable interaction between the key residues and qsl-304. qsl-304 was synthesized through a one-step chemical synthesis procedure, and the in vitro activity was proven, with an IC50 of 31.23 µg/mL against the novobiocin resistant clinical isolate, Staphylococcus aureus sa-P2003. Further studies on time-kill kinetics showed the bacteriostatic nature with the diminished recurrence of resistance. The on-target gyrB inhibition further proved the efficacy of qsl-304.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Pudipeddi
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre of Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sahana Vasudevan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre of Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Karthi Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre of Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Suma Mohan S
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Pothiappan Vairaprakash
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Alex Stanley Balraj
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre of Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre of Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
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4
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Myers AG, Clark RB. Discovery of Macrolide Antibiotics Effective against Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1635-1645. [PMID: 33691070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrolides are among the most widely prescribed antibiotics, particularly for bacterial lung infections, due to their favorable safety, oral bioavailability, and spectrum of activity against Gram-positive pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia. Their utility against Gram-negative bacteria is extremely limited and does not include the Enterobacteriaceae or other ESKAPE pathogens. With the increasing development of resistance to current therapies and the lack of safe, oral options to treat Gram-negative infections, extended-spectrum macrolides have the potential to provide valuable treatment options. While the bacterial ribosome, the target of macrolides, is highly conserved across Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, traditional macrolides do not possess the proper physicochemical properties to cross the polar Gram-negative outer membrane and are highly susceptible to efflux. As with most natural product-derived compounds, macrolides are generally prepared through semisynthesis, which is limited in scope and lacks the ability to make the drastic physicochemical property changes necessary to overcome these hurdles.By using a fully synthetic platform technology to greatly expand structural diversity, novel macrolides were prepared with a focus on lowering the MW and increasing the polarity to achieve a physicochemical property profile more similar to that of traditional Gram-negative drug classes. In addition to the removal of lipophilic groups, a critical structural feature for obtaining Gram-negative activity in the macrolide class proved to be the introduction of small secondary or tertiary amines to yield polycationic species potentially capable of self-promoted uptake. Within the azithromycin-like 15-membered azalides, potent activity was seen when small alkyl amines were introduced at the 6'-position of desosamine. The biggest gains, however, were made by replacing the entire C10-C13 fragment of the macrolactone ring with commercially available or readily synthesized 1,2-aminoalcohols, leading to 13-membered azalides. The introduction of a tethered basic amine at the C10-position and systematic optimization of substitution and tether length and flexibility ultimately provided new macrolides that for the first time exhibit clinically relevant antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. A retrospective computational analysis of >1800 fully synthetic macrolides prepared during this effort identified key drivers and optimum ranges for improving permeability and avoiding efflux. In contrast to standard Gram-negative drugs which generally have MWs below 600 and clogD7.4 values below 0, we found that the ideal ranges for Gram-negative macrolides were MW between 600 and 720 and cLogD7.4 between -1 and 3. A total charge of between 2.5 and 3 was also required to provide optimal permeability and efflux avoidance. Thus, Gram-negative macrolides occupy a unique physicochemical property space that lies between traditional Gram-negative drug classes and Gram-positive macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Myers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Roger B. Clark
- Zikani Therapeutics, 480 Arsenal Way, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
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5
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Kirk R, Ratcliffe A, Noonan G, Uosis-Martin M, Lyth D, Bardell-Cox O, Massam J, Schofield P, Hindley S, Jones DR, Maclean J, Smith A, Savage V, Mohmed S, Charrier C, Salisbury AM, Moyo E, Metzger R, Chalam-Judge N, Cheung J, Stokes NR, Best S, Craighead M, Armer R, Huxley A. Rational design, synthesis and testing of novel tricyclic topoisomerase inhibitors for the treatment of bacterial infections part 1. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1366-1378. [PMID: 34095844 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming reduction in drug effectiveness against bacterial infections has created an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial agents that circumvent bacterial resistance mechanisms. We report here a series of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitors that demonstrate potent activity against a range of Gram-positive and selected Gram-negative organisms, including clinically-relevant and drug-resistant strains. In part 1, we present a detailed structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis that led to the discovery of our previously disclosed compound, REDX05931, which has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.06 μg mL-1 against fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Although in vitro hERG and CYP inhibition precluded further development, it validates a rational design approach to address this urgent unmet medical need and provides a scaffold for further optimisation, which is presented in part 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kirk
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A Ratcliffe
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - G Noonan
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - M Uosis-Martin
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - D Lyth
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - O Bardell-Cox
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - J Massam
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - P Schofield
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - S Hindley
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - D R Jones
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - J Maclean
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A Smith
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - V Savage
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - S Mohmed
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - C Charrier
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A-M Salisbury
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - E Moyo
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - R Metzger
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - N Chalam-Judge
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - J Cheung
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - N R Stokes
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - S Best
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - M Craighead
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - R Armer
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A Huxley
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
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6
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Kirk R, Ratcliffe A, Noonan G, Uosis-Martin M, Lyth D, Bardell-Cox O, Massam J, Schofield P, Lyons A, Clare D, Maclean J, Smith A, Savage V, Mohmed S, Charrier C, Salisbury AM, Moyo E, Ooi N, Chalam-Judge N, Cheung J, Stokes NR, Best S, Craighead M, Armer R, Huxley A. Rational design, synthesis and testing of novel tricyclic topoisomerase inhibitors for the treatment of bacterial infections part 2. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1379-1385. [PMID: 34095845 PMCID: PMC8126889 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Building on our previously-reported novel tricyclic topoisomerase inhibitors (NTTIs), we disclose the discovery of REDX07965, which has an MIC90 of 0.5 μg mL-1 against Staphylococcus aureus, favourable in vitro pharmacokinetic properties, selectivity versus human topoisomerase II and an acceptable toxicity profile. The results herein validate a rational design approach to address the urgent unmet medical need for novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kirk
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - A Ratcliffe
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - G Noonan
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - M Uosis-Martin
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - D Lyth
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - O Bardell-Cox
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - J Massam
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - P Schofield
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - A Lyons
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - D Clare
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - J Maclean
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - A Smith
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - V Savage
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - S Mohmed
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - C Charrier
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - A-M Salisbury
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - E Moyo
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - N Ooi
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - N Chalam-Judge
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - J Cheung
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - N R Stokes
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - S Best
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - M Craighead
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - R Armer
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
| | - A Huxley
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd Alderley Park Macclesfield SK10 4TG Cheshire UK
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7
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Cheng AV, Schrank CL, Escobar IE, Mylonakis E, Wuest WM. Addition of ethylamines to the phenols of bithionol and synthetic retinoids does not elicit activity in gram-negative bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127099. [PMID: 32171615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our labs have demonstrated the activity of bithionol and synthetic retinoids against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as their membrane-acting mechanism of action. However, the compounds lack activity in gram-negative species. Herein, we apply a known strategy for converting gram-positive agents into broad-spectrum therapies: addition of an alkylamine. By appending an alkylamine to the phenols of these known membrane disruptors, we test whether this approach is applicable to our compounds. Ultimately, biological testing in four MRSA strains and three gram-negative species showed abolished or diminished activity in all our analogs compared to their parent compounds and no gram-negative activity. Thus, we find that alkylamines would not elicit broad-spectrum activity from bithionol or CD437 derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, United States.
| | | | - Iliana E Escobar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, United States.
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8
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Xue W, Li X, Ma G, Zhang H, Chen Y, Kirchmair J, Xia J, Wu S. N-thiadiazole-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone-3-carboxamides bearing heteroaromatic rings as novel antibacterial agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and target identification. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:112022. [PMID: 31901744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance, bacterial infectious diseases have become a serious threat to public health. To overcome antibiotic resistance, novel antibiotics are urgently needed. N-thiadiazole-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone-3-carboxamides are a potential new class of antibacterial agents, as one of its derivatives was identified as an antibacterial agent against S. aureus. However, no potency-directed structural optimization has been performed. In this study, we designed and synthesized 37 derivatives, and evaluated their antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC29213, which led to the identification of ten potent antibacterial agents with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values below 1 μg/mL. Next, we performed bacterial growth inhibition assays against a panel of drug-resistant clinical isolates, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and cytotoxicity assays with HepG2 and HUVEC cells. One of the tested compounds named 1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-N-(5-(thiazol-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide (g37) showed 2 to 128-times improvement compared with vancomycin in term of antibacterial potency against the tested strains (MICs: 0.25-1 μg/mL vs. 1-64 μg/mL) and an optimal selective toxicity (HepG2/MRSA, 110.6 to 221.2; HUVEC/MRSA, 77.6-155.2). Further, comprehensive evaluation indicated that g37 did not induce resistance development of MRSA over 20 passages, and it has been confirmed as a bactericidal, metabolically stable, orally active antibacterial agent. More importantly, we have identified the S. aureus DNA gyrase B as its potential target and proposed a potential binding mode by molecular docking. Taken together, the present work reports the most potent derivative of this chemical series (g37) and uncovers its potential target, which lays a solid foundation for further lead optimization facilitated by the structure-based drug design technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xueyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and SUSTech-HKU Joint Laboratories for Matrix Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and SUSTech-HKU Joint Laboratories for Matrix Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics (ZBH), Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Center for Bioinformatics (ZBH), Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Computational Biology Unit (CBU), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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9
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Fois B, Skok Ž, Tomašič T, Ilaš J, Zidar N, Zega A, Peterlin Mašič L, Szili P, Draskovits G, Nyerges Á, Pál C, Kikelj D. Dual
Escherichia coli
DNA Gyrase A and B Inhibitors with Antibacterial Activity. ChemMedChem 2019; 15:265-269. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Fois
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy University of Cagliari Via Ospedale 72 09124 Cagliari Italy
| | - Žiga Skok
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Janez Ilaš
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Nace Zidar
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Zega
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Petra Szili
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged 6726 Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences University of Szeged Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Gábor Draskovits
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged 6726 Hungary
| | - Ákos Nyerges
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged 6726 Hungary
| | - Csaba Pál
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged 6726 Hungary
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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10
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Yang SC, Tang KW, Lin CH, Alalaiwe A, Tseng CH, Fang JY. Discovery of Furanoquinone Derivatives as a Novel Class of DNA Polymerase and Gyrase Inhibitors for MRSA Eradication in Cutaneous Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1197. [PMID: 31191504 PMCID: PMC6549599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the primary microbe responsible for skin infections that are particularly difficult to eradicate. This study sought to inhibit planktonic and biofilm MRSA using furanoquinone-derived compounds containing imine moiety. A total of 19 furanoquinone analogs were designed, synthesized, and assessed for anti-MRSA potency. Among 19 compounds, (Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)naphtho[1,2-b]furan-5(4H)-one (HNF) and (Z)-4-(acetoxyimino)naphtho[1,2-b]furan-5(4H)-one (ANF) showed antibacterial activity superior to the others based on an agar diffusion assay. HNF and ANF exerted a bactericidal effect with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 9.7 ∼ 19.5 and 2.4 ∼ 9.7 μg/ml, respectively. Both compounds were able to reduce the MRSA count by 1,000-fold in biofilm as compared to the control. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using a mouse model of skin infection. Topical application of lead compounds significantly suppressed abscess occurrence and the MRSA burden, and also ameliorated the skin-barrier function. The biochemical assay indicated the compounds’ inhibition of DNA polymerase and gyrase. In silico docking revealed a favorable interaction of the compounds with DNA polymerase and gyrase although the binding was not very strong. The total DNA analysis and proteomic data suggested a greater impairment of some proteins by HNF than ANF. In general, HNF and ANF were similarly potent in MRSA inhibition in vitro and in vivo. The findings demonstrated that there was room for structural modification of furanoquinone compounds that could be used to identify anti-MRSA agent candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chih-Hua Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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11
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Islam MA, Pillay TS. Identification of promising anti-DNA gyrase antibacterial compounds using de novo design, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1798-1809. [PMID: 31084271 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1617785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing rate of antibiotic resistance is of great concern. Approximately two million deaths result annually from bacterial infections worldwide. Therefore, there is a paramount requirement to develop innovative and novel antibacterial agents with new mechanisms of action and activity against resistant bacterial strains. For this purpose, a set of benzothiazole and N-phenylpyrrolamides derivatives reported as DNA Gyrase B (GyrB) inhibitors were collected from the literature and docked inside the receptor cavity of DNA Gyrase B (PDB ID: 5L3J). The best 10 docked complexes were used to identify novel antibacterial chemical agents through a de novo design approach. Out of initial 300 chemical analogues, the best six analogues were identified using screening with a set of criteria followed by pharmacokinetic analysis. The binding interactions of the best six analogues revealed that all molecules formed a number of critical interactions with catalytic amino residues of DNA Gyrase B with high binding energy. The predicted inhibitory constant biological activity based on binding energy supported the potential of the molecules as DNA Gyrase B ligands. The RMSD, RMSF, and radius of gyration parameters obtained from the 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation study clearly demonstrated that all six analogues were efficient enough to form stable complexes with DNA Gyrase B. High negative binding energy of all ligands obtained from MM-GBSA approach undoubtedly explained the strong affinity toward the DNA Gyrase B. Therefore, the proposed de novo designed molecules can be considered as promising antibacterial chemical agents subject to experimental validation, in vitro.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataul Islam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tahir S Pillay
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa.,Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Durcik M, Tomašič T, Zidar N, Zega A, Kikelj D, Mašič LP, Ilaš J. ATP-competitive DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitors as antibacterial agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:171-180. [PMID: 30686070 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1575362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bacterial topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are validated targets for development of novel antibacterial agents. Fluoroquinolones inhibit the catalytic GyrA and/or ParC(GrlA) subunit and have been commonly used, although these have toxicity liabilities that restrict their use. The ATPase GyrB and ParE(GrlB) subunits have been much less explored and after withdrawal of novobiocin, there are no further marketed inhibitors . ATP-competitive inhibitors of GyrB and/or ParE(GrlB) are of special interest, as this target has been validated, and it is expected that many of the problems associated with fluoroquinolones can be avoided. AREAS COVERED This review summarises the development of ATP-competitive inhibitors of GyrB and/or ParE(GrlB) as novel antibacterial agents over the last 10 years. Structural features of the new inhibitors and their optimisation strategies are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION The development of novel ATP-competitive inhibitors of GyrB and/or ParE(GrlB) is ongoing in industrial and academical research. Development of resistance is one of the most problematic issues, but GyrB/ParE(GrlB) inhibitors do not show cross-resistance with fluoroquinolones. Other common issues, such as low solubility, high protein binding, development of off-target resistance, are related to the structures of the inhibitors themselves, which is thus a main focus of design strategies. With some now in early clinical development, there is reasonable expectation that novel ATP-competitive inhibitors of GyrB/ParE(GrlB) will reach the market in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Durcik
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Nace Zidar
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Zega
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | | | - Janez Ilaš
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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13
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Unemo M, Golparian D, Eyre DW. Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Treatment of Gonorrhea. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1997:37-58. [PMID: 31119616 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9496-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gonorrhea and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae are major public health concerns globally. Dual antimicrobial therapy (mainly ceftriaxone 250-500 mg × 1 plus azithromycin 1-2 g × 1) is currently recommended in many countries. These dual therapies have high cure rates, have likely been involved in decreasing the level of cephalosporin resistance internationally, and inhibit the spread of AMR gonococcal strains. However, ceftriaxone-resistant strains are currently spreading internationally, predominately associated with travel to Asia. Furthermore, the first global treatment failure with recommended dual therapy was reported in 2016 and the first isolates with combined ceftriaxone resistance and high-level azithromycin resistance were reported in 2018 in the UK and Australia. New antimicrobials for treatment of gonorrhea are essential and, of the few antimicrobials in clinical development, zoliflodacin particularly appears promising. Holistic actions are imperative. These include an enhanced advocacy; prevention, early diagnosis, contact tracing, treatment, test-of-cure, and additional measures for effective management of anogenital and pharyngeal gonorrhea; antimicrobial stewardship; surveillance of infection, AMR and treatment failures; and intensified research, for example, regarding rapid molecular point-of-care detection of gonococci and AMR, novel AMR determinants, new antimicrobials, and an effective gonococcal vaccine, which is the only sustainable solution for management and control of gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Unemo
- National Reference Laboratory for STIs, WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Golparian
- National Reference Laboratory for STIs, WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - David W Eyre
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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14
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Directed evolution of multiple genomic loci allows the prediction of antibiotic resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5726-E5735. [PMID: 29871954 PMCID: PMC6016788 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801646115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic development is frequently plagued by the rapid emergence of drug resistance. However, assessing the risk of resistance development in the preclinical stage is difficult. Standard laboratory evolution approaches explore only a small fraction of the sequence space and fail to identify exceedingly rare resistance mutations and combinations thereof. Therefore, new rapid and exhaustive methods are needed to accurately assess the potential of resistance evolution and uncover the underlying mutational mechanisms. Here, we introduce directed evolution with random genomic mutations (DIvERGE), a method that allows an up to million-fold increase in mutation rate along the full lengths of multiple predefined loci in a range of bacterial species. In a single day, DIvERGE generated specific mutation combinations, yielding clinically significant resistance against trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin. Many of these mutations have remained previously undetected or provide resistance in a species-specific manner. These results indicate pathogen-specific resistance mechanisms and the necessity of future narrow-spectrum antibacterial treatments. In contrast to prior claims, we detected the rapid emergence of resistance against gepotidacin, a novel antibiotic currently in clinical trials. Based on these properties, DIvERGE could be applicable to identify less resistance-prone antibiotics at an early stage of drug development. Finally, we discuss potential future applications of DIvERGE in synthetic and evolutionary biology.
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15
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New N-phenylpyrrolamide DNA gyrase B inhibitors: Optimization of efficacy and antibacterial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:117-132. [PMID: 29778894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ATP binding site located on the subunit B of DNA gyrase is an attractive target for the development of new antibacterial agents. In recent decades, several small-molecule inhibitor classes have been discovered but none has so far reached the market. We present here the discovery of a promising new series of N-phenylpyrrolamides with low nanomolar IC50 values against DNA gyrase, and submicromolar IC50 values against topoisomerase IV from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The most potent compound in the series has an IC50 value of 13 nM against E. coli gyrase. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Gram-positive bacteria are in the low micromolar range. The oxadiazolone derivative 11a, with an IC50 value of 85 nM against E. coli DNA gyrase displays the most potent antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 1.56 μM against Enterococcus faecalis, and 3.13 μM against wild type S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). The activity against wild type E. coli in the presence of efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN) is 4.6 μM.
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16
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Badshah SL, Ullah A. New developments in non-quinolone-based antibiotics for the inhibiton of bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:393-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Richter MF, Hergenrother PJ. The challenge of converting Gram-positive-only compounds into broad-spectrum antibiotics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1435:18-38. [PMID: 29446459 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are on the rise, and there is a lack of new classes of drugs to treat these pathogens. This drug shortage is largely due to the challenge of finding antibiotics that can permeate and persist inside Gram-negative species. Efforts to understand the molecular properties that enable certain compounds to accumulate in Gram-negative bacteria based on retrospective studies of known antibiotics have not been generally actionable in the development of new antibiotics. A recent assessment of the ability of >180 diverse small molecules to accumulate in Escherichia coli led to predictive guidelines for compound accumulation in E. coli. These "eNTRy rules" state that compounds are most likely to accumulate if they contain a nonsterically encumbered ionizable Nitrogen (primary amines are the best), have low Three-dimensionality (globularity ≤ 0.25), and are relatively Rigid (rotatable bonds ≤ 5). In this review, we look back through 50+ years of antibacterial research and 1000s of derivatives and assess this historical data set through the lens of these predictive guidelines. The results are consistent with the eNTRy rules, suggesting that the eNTRy rules may provide an actionable and general roadmap for the conversion of Gram-positive-only compounds into broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Richter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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18
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Unemo M, Bradshaw CS, Hocking JS, de Vries HJC, Francis SC, Mabey D, Marrazzo JM, Sonder GJB, Schwebke JR, Hoornenborg E, Peeling RW, Philip SS, Low N, Fairley CK. Sexually transmitted infections: challenges ahead. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:e235-e279. [PMID: 28701272 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
WHO estimated that nearly 1 million people become infected every day with any of four curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs): chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis. Despite their high global incidence, STIs remain a neglected area of research. In this Commission, we have prioritised five areas that represent particular challenges in STI treatment and control. Chlamydia remains the most commonly diagnosed bacterial STI in high-income countries despite widespread testing recommendations, sensitive and specific non-invasive testing techniques, and cheap effective therapy. We discuss the challenges for chlamydia control and evidence to support a shift from the current focus on infection-based screening to improved management of diagnosed cases and of chlamydial morbidity, such as pelvic inflammatory disease. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is globally recognised. We review current and potential future control and treatment strategies, with a focus on novel antimicrobials. Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal disorder in women, but current treatments are associated with frequent recurrence. Recurrence after treatment might relate to evidence that suggests sexual transmission is integral to the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis, which has substantial implications for the development of effective management approaches. STIs disproportionately affect low-income and middle-income countries. We review strategies for case management, focusing on point-of-care tests that hold considerable potential for improving STI control. Lastly, STIs in men who have sex with men have increased since the late 1990s. We discuss the contribution of new biomedical HIV prevention strategies and risk compensation. Overall, this Commission aims to enhance the understanding of some of the key challenges facing the field of STIs, and outlines new approaches to improve the clinical management of STIs and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Catriona S Bradshaw
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane S Hocking
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry J C de Vries
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanna C Francis
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - David Mabey
- Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jeanne M Marrazzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gerard J B Sonder
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jane R Schwebke
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elske Hoornenborg
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rosanna W Peeling
- Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susan S Philip
- Disease Prevention and Control Population Health Division, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christopher K Fairley
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Yadav I, Kasiviswanathan U, Soni C, Paul SR, Nayak SK, Sagiri SS, Anis A, Pal K. Stearic Acid Modified Stearyl Alcohol Oleogel: Analysis of the Thermal, Mechanical and Drug Release Properties. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-1974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Potent Broad-Spectrum Activity against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02100-16. [PMID: 28223393 PMCID: PMC5404544 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02100-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor class is an investigational type of antibacterial inhibitor of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV that does not have cross-resistance with the quinolones. Here, we report the evaluation of the in vitro properties of a new series of this type of small molecule. Exemplar compounds selectively and potently inhibited the catalytic activities of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV but did not block the DNA breakage-reunion step. Compounds showed broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including biodefence microorganisms and Mycobacterium tuberculosis No cross-resistance with fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli isolates was observed. Measured MIC90 values were 4 and 8 μg/ml against a panel of contemporary multidrug-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and E. coli, respectively. In addition, representative compounds exhibited greater antibacterial potency than the quinolones against obligate anaerobic species. Spontaneous mutation rates were low, with frequencies of resistance typically <10-8 against E. coli and A. baumannii at concentrations equivalent to 4-fold the MIC. Compound-resistant E. coli mutants that were isolated following serial passage were characterized by whole-genome sequencing and carried a single Arg38Leu amino acid substitution in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase. Preliminary in vitro safety data indicate that the series shows a promising therapeutic index and potential for low human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) inhibition (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], >100 μM). In summary, the compounds' distinct mechanism of action relative to the fluoroquinolones, whole-cell potency, low potential for resistance development, and favorable in vitro safety profile warrant their continued investigation as potential broad-spectrum antibacterial agents.
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21
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Bansal S, Bajaj P, Pandey S, Tandon V. Topoisomerases: Resistance versus Sensitivity, How Far We Can Go? Med Res Rev 2016; 37:404-438. [PMID: 27687257 DOI: 10.1002/med.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are ubiquitously present remarkable molecular machines that help in altering topology of DNA in living cells. The crucial role played by these nucleases during DNA replication, transcription, and recombination vis-à-vis less sequence similarity among different species makes topoisomerases unique and attractive targets for different anticancer and antibacterial drugs. However, druggability of topoisomerases by the existing class of molecules is increasingly becoming questationable due to resistance development predominated by mutations in the corresponding genes. The current scenario facing a decline in the development of new molecules further comprises an important factor that may challenge topoisomerase-targeting therapy. Thus, it is imperative to wisely use the existing inhibitors lest with this rapid rate of losing grip over the target we may not go too far. Furthermore, it is important not only to design new molecules but also to develop new approaches that may avoid obstacles in therapies due to multiple resistance mechanisms. This review provides a succinct account of different classes of topoisomerase inhibitors, focuses on resistance acquired by mutations in topoisomerases, and discusses the various approaches to increase the efficacy of topoisomerase inhibitors. In a later section, we also suggest the possibility of using bisbenzimidazoles along with efflux pump inhibitors for synergistic bactericidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Bansal
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Bajaj
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Stuti Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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22
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Savage VJ, Charrier C, Salisbury AM, Box H, Chaffer-Malam N, Huxley A, Kirk R, Noonan GM, Mohmed S, Craighead MW, Ratcliffe AJ, Best SA, Stokes NR. Efficacy of a Novel Tricyclic Topoisomerase Inhibitor in a Murine Model of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:5592-4. [PMID: 27324777 PMCID: PMC4997832 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00913-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae In this report, the microbiology, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of REDX05931, a representative novel tricyclic topoisomerase inhibitor, were evaluated. REDX05931 demonstrated high oral bioavailability in mice and reduced N. gonorrhoeae infection after a single dose in a mouse model of gonorrhea. These data support the potential of this series of small molecules as a new treatment for drug-resistant gonorrheal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helen Box
- Redx Pharma, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ralph Kirk
- Redx Pharma, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gary M Noonan
- Redx Pharma, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Stuart A Best
- Redx Pharma, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R Stokes
- Redx Pharma, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom
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