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Jiang N, Chen H, Cheng L, Fu Q, Liu R, Liang Q, Fu G, Wan C, Huang Y. Genomic analysis reveals the population structure and antimicrobial resistance of avian Pasteurella multocida in China. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:186-194. [PMID: 38019670 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the population structure and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of avian Pasteurella multocida in China. METHODS Utilizing WGS analysis, we explored the phylogeny using a dataset of 546 genomes, comprising avian P. multocida isolates from China (n = 121), the USA (n = 165), Australia(n = 153), Bangladesh (n = 3) and isolates of other hosts from China (n = 104). We examined the integrative and conjugative element (ICE) structures and the distribution of their components carrying resistance genes, and reconstructed the evolutionary history of A:L1:ST129 (n = 110). RESULTS The population structure of avian P. multocida in China was dominated by the A:L1:ST129 clone with limited genetic diversity. A:L1:ST129 isolates possessed a broader spectrum of resistance genes at comparatively higher frequencies than those from other hosts and countries. The novel putative ICEs harboured complex resistant clusters that were prevalent in A:L1:ST129. Bayesian analysis predicted that the A:L1:ST129 clone emerged around 1923, and evolved slowly. CONCLUSIONS A:L1:ST129 appears to possess a host predilection towards avian species in China, posing a potential health threat to other animals. The complex AMR determinants coupled with high frequencies may strengthen the population dominance of A:L1:ST129. The extensive antimicrobial utilization in poultry farming and the mixed rearing practices could have accelerated AMR accumulation in A:L1:ST129. ICEs, together with their resistant clusters, significantly contribute to resistance gene transfer and facilitate the adaptation of A:L1:ST129 to ecological niches. Despite the genetic stability and slow evolution rate, A:L1:ST129 deserves continued monitoring due to its propensity to retain resistance genes, warranting global attention to preclude substantial economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansong Jiang
- Research Center for Poultry Diseases of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Research Center for Poultry Diseases of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Research Center for Poultry Diseases of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Research Center for Poultry Diseases of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Research Center for Poultry Diseases of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qizhang Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Research Center for Poultry Diseases of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunhe Wan
- Research Center for Poultry Diseases of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Research Center for Poultry Diseases of Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention & Control, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Li X, Li G, Huang H, Wan P, Lu Y, Li Z, Xie L, Xiong W, Zeng Z. The occurrence and contamination of optrA-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from duck farms in Guangdong, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:86-92. [PMID: 37689309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is an important zoonotic microorganism that increasingly causes public health concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and transmission of S. aureus in duck farms and evaluate its antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics. METHODS The samples associated with ducks, feeders, and the environment were collected on 14 duck farms from four areas in Guangdong, China, from 2020 to 2021. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A comprehensive epidemiological survey of S. aureus was conducted by S. aureus protein A typing and whole-genome sequencing. RESULTS A total of 560 samples were collected. The prevalence rate of MRSA among ducks (8.1%, 11 of 135) was higher compared with that in environmental samples. OptrA-positive ST398-t034 MRSA were first detected from duck farms in China. A total of 79.3% (34 of 46) S. aureus isolates showed multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Notably, some isolates carried multidrug-resistant genes encoding macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, pleuromutilin-pleuromutilin-streptogramin A, and oxazolidinone. Analysis of the virulence genes revealed that the MRSA isolates carried genes encoding gamma-hemolysin, enterotoxin, and leukocidin. ST9-t899 is a primary clonal lineage among duck- and environment-associated MRSA. Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed the potential contamination relationship of optrA-positive ST2308 MRSA isolates carrying the gamma-hemolysin genes and the leukocidin virulence genes between airborne dust and sick ducks. CONCLUSION The contamination of MRSA, especially optrA-positive MRSA, between food animals and the environment is a growing public health concern worldwide. Based on One Health principles, continuous surveillance of MRSA is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang Q, Peng K, Liu Z, Li Y, Xiao X, Du XD, Li R, Wang Z. Genomic insights into linezolid-resistant Enterococci revealed its evolutionary diversity and poxtA copy number heterogeneity. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106929. [PMID: 37487950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms of linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) in swine slaughterhouses in China and apply the "One Health" perspective to analyse the evolutionary dynamics of poxtA-positive E. faecium in clinical and non-clinical settings worldwide. METHODS The phenotypic and genomic characteristics of multiple LRE isolates were systematically investigated using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, transfer assays, evolutionary experiments, quantitative RT-PCR assays, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS Swine faeces served as a significant reservoir for LRE isolates, and optrA and poxtA were the primary contributors to linezolid resistance. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a significant interconnection between optrA and several other ARGs. The poxtA copy number heterogeneity and polymorphism were initially observed in E. faecium parental and evolved isolates. The poxtA-carrying tandem repeat region exhibits high mobility and has undergone extensive duplication owing to linezolid pressure. The poxtA copy number varies from four copies on the plasmid of E. faecium IC25 to 11 copies on the plasmid and six copies on the chromosome in the evolved isolate IC25-50_poxtA. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of 185 poxtA-positive E. faecium strains worldwide found that one isolate from a French patient in 2018 shared only two SNPs with CC17 E. faecium isolates IC25 and IC7-2 from this study, highlighting the potential global transmission of CC17 poxtA-positive E. faecium between humans and animals. CONCLUSION This study identified amplification of poxtA as a response of E. faecium to linezolid pressure. Phylogenetic analysis shed light on the potential global transmission of hospital-associated CC17 poxtA-positive E. faecium in clinical and non-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kai Peng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Sun H, Luo X, Cui X, Miao Q, He D, Zhao J, Yan F, Pan Y, Zhai Y, Hu G. Prevalence of the optrA gene among Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs and identification of a novel integrative conjugative element ICESsu988S. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104078. [PMID: 37149078 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic environment of the oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA in Streptococcus suis (S. suis) isolates from diseased pigs in China. A total of 178 S. suis isolates were screened for the optrA gene by PCR. The phenotypes and genotypes of optrA-positive isolates were investigated by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST), capsular serotypes determination and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Fifty-one (28.7%) S. suis isolates were positive for optrA. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the spread of the optrA among S. suis isolates was primarily due to horizontal transfer. Analysis of S. suis serotypes from diseased pigs revealed substantial diversity. The genetic environment of optrA was complex and diverse and could be divided into 12 different types. Interestingly, we identified a novel integrative and conjugative element ICESsu988S, carrying optrA and erm(T) genes. This is to the best of our knowledge the first report of the optrA and erm(T) co-located on an ICE in S. suis. Our results showed a high prevalence of optrA gene in S. suis isolates in China. Further research is needed to evaluate the importance of ICEs, as they horizontally propagate important clinical resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yingying Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huarun Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Xingwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiaodie Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingqing Miao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Dandan He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Fengbin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yushan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yajun Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Gongzheng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Occurrence of cfr-Positive Linezolid-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Non- aureus Staphylococcal Isolates from Pig Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020359. [PMID: 36830270 PMCID: PMC9952267 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of cfr-mediated resistance to linezolid in staphylococci have become a serious global concern. The acquisition of cfr confers multidrug resistance to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A (PhLOPSA phenotype). However, occurrence of cfr-positive and linezolid-susceptible staphylococci has been identified. To investigate the mechanism underlying linezolid susceptibility in cfr-positive Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) isolates from pig farms in Korea. Eleven cfr-positive and linezolid-susceptible staphylococci were analyzed for mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA, ribosomal proteins (L3, L4, and L22), cfr open reading frames (ORFs), and cfr promoter regions. The effect of the cfr mutation (Q148K) on the PhLOPSA phenotype was determined using plasmid constructs expressing either the mutated (cfrQ148K) or nonmutated cfr genes. All 11 (six S. aureus and five NAS) cfr-positive and linezolid-susceptible isolates had a point mutation at position 442 in cfr ORFs (C to A) that resulted in the Q148K mutation. No mutations were detected in 23S rRNA, L3, L4, or L22. The Q148K mutation in Cfr is responsible for phenotypes susceptible to PhLOPSA antimicrobial agents. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the causal role of a single nucleotide mutation (Q148K) in cfr of S. aureus and NAS isolates in PhLOPSA resistance. Continued nationwide surveillance is necessary to monitor the occurrence and dissemination of mutations in cfr that affect resistance phenotypes in staphylococci of human and animal origin.
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Xuan H, Xia L, Schwarz S, Jia H, Yao X, Wang S, Li R, Wei J, Li Z, Shao D, Liu K, Qiu Y, Ma Z, Li B. Various mobile genetic elements carrying optrA in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from swine within the same farm. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:504-511. [PMID: 36508313 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, the distribution of the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optrA and the mobile genetic elements involved in its dissemination were analysed among enterococcal isolates from a farrow-to-finish swine farm. METHODS Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates were obtained from all pig production stages in the farm. The optrA-carrying E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were subjected to PFGE and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Complete sequences of the genetically unrelated optrA-carrying E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were determined using Illumina HiSeq and MinION platforms. RESULTS The optrA gene was present in 12.2% (23/188) of the E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates, most of which originated from nursery and finishing stages. The 23 optrA-positive Enterococcus isolates represented 15 PFGE types. WGS of representative isolates of the 15 PFGE types showed that optrA was carried by diverse genetic elements either located in the chromosomal DNA or on plasmids. A novel optrA-bearing genetic element was identified on two distinct multi-resistance plasmids from E. faecium. Two new hybrid plasmids carrying several resistance genes were found in two E. faecalis isolates. pC25-1-like plasmids and chromosomally integrated Tn6674 and Tn6823-like transposons were prevalent in the remaining Enterococcus isolates. CONCLUSIONS The gene optrA was found in genetically unrelated E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates from the same farm. Analysis of the genetic contexts of optrA suggested that horizontal transfer including different plasmids and transposons played a key role in the dissemination of optrA in this farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Xuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lining Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen that infects the human intestinal tract. This review discusses the current status of antibiotic resistance, transmission of antibiotic resistance genes, and strategies to combat the global Campylobacter epidemic. RECENT FINDINGS Over the past 18 months, articles on Campylobacter antibiotic resistance have been published in ∼39 countries. Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter have been detected in humans, livestock, poultry, wild animals, the environment, and food. Campylobacter spp. are resistant to a wide spectrum of antimicrobial agents, including the antibiotics quinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicols. Multidrug resistance is a globally emerging problem. Continuous antibiotic pressure promotes the spread of drug-resistant Campylobacter spp. Additionally, Campylobacter is well adapted to acquiring foreign drug resistance genes, including ermB, optrA, fexA, and cfrC, which are usually acquired from gram-positive bacteria. SUMMARY The widespread use of antibiotics has caused a global epidemic of drug-resistant Campylobacter infections. Many countries are actively reducing the use of antibiotics and adopting alternatives in the livestock and poultry industries to control the spread of drug-resistant Campylobacter spp.
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Spreading of cfr-Carrying Plasmids among Staphylococci from Humans and Animals. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0246122. [PMID: 36413029 PMCID: PMC9769919 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02461-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidrug resistance gene cfr mediates resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, including linezolid. Plasmids are the preferred vector for the dissemination of cfr. However, the presence and transmission of cfr-carrying plasmids among staphylococci from humans and animals have rarely been studied. Here, we investigated the presence of the cfr gene in 2,250 staphylococci of human clinical origin collected in Zhejiang, China, in 1998 to 2021 and in 3,329 porcine staphylococci preserved in our laboratories. The cfr gene was detected in 38 human isolates; its presence in Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus cohnii in 2003 was earlier than that identified in 2005, and Staphylococcus capitis (n = 30) was the predominant species. The cfr-carrying fragment in 38 isolates exhibited >99% nucleotide sequence similarity to plasmid pLRSA417 (39,504 bp), which was identified in 2015 and originated from a human clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate from Zhejiang, China. The cfr-carrying plasmids in 18 MinION-sequenced staphylococci ranged in size from 32,697 bp to 43,457 bp. Fifteen plasmids were identical to pLRSA417, except for the inversion of an 8.4-kb segment comprising IS256-aacA/aphD-ISEnfa4_1-cfr-ISEnfa4_2, while the remaining 3 plasmids exhibited slightly different structures. Among the 114 cfr-positive staphylococci from pigs, pLRSA417-like plasmids were detected in 3 isolates. Intraspecies and interspecies conjugation occurred in human-derived pLRSA417-like plasmids. The presence of pLRSA417-like plasmids in staphylococci from multiple geographic regions and different hosts implied the possible transmission of the respective isolates between humans and animals. IMPORTANCE The therapeutic efficacy of the oxazolidinone antimicrobial linezolid is reduced by the emergence and dissemination of the multidrug resistance gene cfr. The cfr-carrying plasmid pLRSA417 was first identified in a clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate, but its presence in staphylococci of human and animal origin has not been reported previously. This study showed that conjugative plasmids similar to pLRSA417 were detected mainly in Staphylococcus capitis and existed in different staphylococci in 2003 to 2021 in various clinical departments in the same hospital. pLRSA417-like plasmids were also present in staphylococci of food animal sources from different geographic regions, which suggested possible transmission among humans and animals.
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Brenciani A, Morroni G, Schwarz S, Giovanetti E. Oxazolidinones: mechanisms of resistance and mobile genetic elements involved. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2596-2621. [PMID: 35989417 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxazolidinones (linezolid and tedizolid) are last-resort antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of severe infections in humans caused by MDR Gram-positive bacteria. They bind to the peptidyl transferase centre of the bacterial ribosome inhibiting protein synthesis. Even if the majority of Gram-positive bacteria remain susceptible to oxazolidinones, resistant isolates have been reported worldwide. Apart from mutations, affecting mostly the 23S rDNA genes and selected ribosomal proteins, acquisition of resistance genes (cfr and cfr-like, optrA and poxtA), often associated with mobile genetic elements [such as non-conjugative and conjugative plasmids, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), prophages and translocatable units], plays a critical role in oxazolidinone resistance. In this review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on oxazolidinone resistance mechanisms and provide an overview on the diversity of the mobile genetic elements carrying oxazolidinone resistance genes in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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10
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Li P, Gao M, Feng C, Yan T, Sheng Z, Shi W, Liu S, Zhang L, Li A, Lu J, Lin X, Li K, Xu T, Bao Q, Sun C. Molecular characterization of florfenicol and oxazolidinone resistance in Enterococcus isolates from animals in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:811692. [PMID: 35958123 PMCID: PMC9360786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.811692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol is widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections in domestic animals. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms of florfenicol and oxazolidinone resistance in Enterococcus isolates from anal feces of domestic animals. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels were determined by the agar dilution method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to analyze the distribution of the resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative plasmid analysis was conducted to analyze the resistance gene environment. A total of 351 non-duplicated enteric strains were obtained. Among these isolates, 22 Enterococcus isolates, including 19 Enterococcus. faecium and 3 Enterococcus. faecalis, were further studied. 31 florfenicol resistance genes (13 fexA, 3 fexB, 12 optrA, and 3 poxtA genes) were identified in 15 of the 19 E. faecium isolates, and no florfenicol or oxazolidinone resistance genes were identified in 3 E. faecalis isolates. Whole-genome sequencing of E. faecium P47, which had all four florfenicol and oxazolidinone resistance genes and high MIC levels for both florfenicol (256 mg/L) and linezolid (8 mg/L), revealed that it contained a chromosome and 3 plasmids (pP47-27, pP47-61, and pP47-180). The four florfenicol and oxazolidinone resistance genes were all related to the insertion sequences IS1216 and located on two smaller plasmids. The genes fexB and poxtA encoded in pP47-27, while fexA and optrA encoded in the conjugative plasmid pP47-61. Comparative analysis of homologous plasmids revealed that the sequences with high identities were plasmid sequences from various Enterococcus species except for the Tn6349 sequence from a Staphylococcus aureus chromosome (MH746818.1). The current study revealed that florfenicol and oxazolidinone resistance genes (fexA, fexB, poxtA, and optrA) were widely distributed in Enterococcus isolates from animal in China. The mobile genetic elements, including the insertion sequences and conjugative plasmid, played an important role in the horizontal transfer of florfenicol and oxazolidinone resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhoukou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Mengdi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunlin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tielun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiong Sheng
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weina Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
- Teng Xu,
| | - Qiyu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Qiyu Bao,
| | - Caixia Sun
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Caixia Sun,
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11
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Li X, Xie L, Huang H, Li Z, Li G, Liu P, Xiao D, Zhang X, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Prevalence of Livestock-Associated MRSA ST398 in a Swine Slaughterhouse in Guangzhou, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:914764. [PMID: 35814703 PMCID: PMC9260045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.914764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an important zoonotic microorganism that is increasingly causing public health concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the transmission and occurrence of MRSA in a slaughterhouse environment and evaluate its antimicrobial resistance and genetic characterization. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive epidemiological survey of S. aureus by spa typing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of samples obtained from the pork production chain, the environment, and community residents. To clarify the evolutionary relationships of MRSA sequence type (ST) 398 in this study and global isolates, 197 published whole-genome sequences data of MRSA ST398 strains were downloaded from the GenBank database and included in the phylogenetic analysis. A total of 585 porcine samples (snout and carcass swabs), 78 human nasal samples, and 136 environmental samples were collected. The MRSA isolates were detected at higher frequencies in samples from swine (15.0%) than carcasses (10.0%), slaughterhouse workers (8.0%), community residents (0%), and environment samples (5.9%). The spa typing results showed that t571 accounted for a higher proportion than other spa types. Closely related isolates from the samples of swine, slaughterhouse workers, carcasses, carrier vehicle, and surrounding fishpond water indicate that MRSA ST398 strains may spread among swine, humans, and the environment. MRSA ST398-t571 isolates were genetically different from global strains, except for two Korean isolates, which showed genetic closeness with it. In addition, a MRSA ST398 isolate recovered from an infected patient in Europe differed by only 31 SNPs from the airborne dust-associated strain isolated in this study, thereby suggesting potential transmission among different countries. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results demonstrated that 99.0% (96/97) of MRSA and 95.1% (231/243) of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) showed multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. According to WGS analysis, the poxtA-carrying segment (IS431mec-optrA-IS1216-fexB-IS431mec) was reported in MRSA ST398 isolates for the first time. The coexistence of cfr and optrA in a plasmid was first detected in MRSA ST398. The potential transmission of MRSA among humans, animals, and the environment is a cause for concern. The emergence and transmission of LA-MRSA ST398 with high levels of resistance profiles highlight the urgent need for LA-MRSA surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Danyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xucai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenguang Xiong,
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhenling Zeng,
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12
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Yu Y, Ye XQ, Liang HQ, Zhong ZX, Cheng K, Sun J, Liao XP, Liu YH. Lilium spp., as unnoticed environmental vector, spreading OptrA-carrying Enterococcus spp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151540. [PMID: 34767892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flower is an essential element in the human lifestyle but its role in disseminating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) between the environment and humans is unclear. In this study, we screened fresh flowers (Lilium spp.) collected from planting bases, market and florists in Guangzhou China aiming to investigate the prevalence of AMR genes, particularly cfr, optrA and poxtA mediating resistance to linezolid, a first-line drug for the treatment of different Gram-positive bacterial infections. We found 223 Enterococcus isolates consisting of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus mundtii, and >50% of these isolates exhibited multiple-drug resistance. Additionally, 31 optrA-positive Enterococcus including 22 E. faecalis and 9 E. mundtii strains were recovered, however cfr and poxtA were not detected. The 22 E. faecalis strains were belonged to 7 Multilocus sequence types in which ST202 and ST376 were predominant and 9 E. mundtii strains from the same plantation bases were divided into three PFGE groups. Genetically, the majority of optrA were located on the chromosome and shared similar insertion sites and transpositions mediated by Tn554 family members. Plasmid-bearing optrA were identified in 6 E. faecalis strains where IS1216 family played key roles in horizontal transfer of optrA. These findings emphasize that the prevalence of drug resistant Enterococcus in fresh flowers is a latent danger and increases the risk of AMR dissemination to humans from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin-Qing Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hua-Qing Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Xing Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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13
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Yi M, Zou J, Zhao J, Tang Y, Yuan Y, Yang B, Huang J, Xia P, Xia Y. Emergence of optrA-Mediated Linezolid Resistance in Enterococcus faecium: A Molecular Investigation in a Tertiary Hospital of Southwest China from 2014-2018. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:13-20. [PMID: 35018102 PMCID: PMC8742577 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s339761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the potential mechanism and molecular characteristics of linezolid-non-sensitive Enterococcus faecium from a tertiary hospital in southwest China and characterize the relevant plasmids. Patients and Methods Linezolid-non-sensitive Enterococcus faecium (LNSEFM) isolates collected from January 2014 to December 2018 were screened for resistant genes 23s rRNA, rplC, rplD, rplV, optrA, cfr, poxtA, by PCR. Molecular epidemiological analysis was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The optrA-and-poxtA co-harboring strain EFM_7150 was subjected to the whole genome sequencing (WGS) by Illumina HiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION. Results A total of 15 LNSEFM with linezolid MICs ranging from 4 to 16 mg/L were identified. About 66.7% (10/15) of isolates were linezolid-resistant. About 46.7% (7/15) of strains were positive for optrA. Two types of optrA variants (P and EYDNDM) were identified. About 13.3% (2/15) of isolates had poxtA. 1 harbored a L22 protein alteration (Ser77Thr). One isolate coharbored optrA (EYDNDM variant) and poxtA. There was no mutation in the gene that encoded the ribosomal protein L3/L4 or the domain V of 23S rRNA. No cfr gene was detected. Based on WGS data, optrA was associated with Tn558 inserted to radC gene and poxtA was flanked by IS1216E. Conclusion OptrA is primary mechanism in linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium. This is the first report ofoptrA variants P and EYDNDM identified in Enterococcus faecium and optrA-and-poxtA co-harboring Enterococcus faecium clinically in southwest China. Besides, Tn558 and IS1216Es may play an important role in the dissemination of optrA and poxtA, respectively. The findings revealed the potential threat to nosocomial infection by optrA and coexistence of optrA and poxtA in Enterococcus faecium. Thus, clinical surveillance of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxue Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Li M, Yan S, Fanning S, Li F, Xu J. Whole Genome Analysis of Three Multi-Drug Resistant Listeria innocua and Genomic Insights Into Their Relatedness With Resistant Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694361. [PMID: 34367093 PMCID: PMC8343405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria innocua are Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria, which are not generally infectious as opposed to Listeria monocytogenes. However, the comparatively high genomic similarity between both along with on occasion, their coexistence in similar ecological niches may present the opportunity for resistance or virulence gene transfer. In this study, three multi-drug resistant L. innocua originally cultured from food were put forward for long-read genome sequencing. Chromosome and plasmid genomes were assembled and annotated. Analysis demonstrated that the resistant phenotypes correlated well with genotypes. Three plasmids pLI42, pLI203, and pLI47-1 were identified which harbor resistance islands. Sequence alignments suggested that plasmids pLI42 and pLI203 were highly similar to a previously sequenced L. monocytogenes plasmid pLR1. Similarly, another three types of resistance gene islands were observed on chromosome, including tet(M) gene islands (transposon Tn916 orthologs), dfrG gene islands and optrA-erm(A) gene islands. All three L. innocua isolates possessed listeria pathogenicity island-4 (LIPI-4) which is linked to cases of mengitis. Further genome environment and phylogenic analysis of regions flanking LIPI-4 of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes showed that these may have common origins and with the potential to transmit from the former. Our findings raise the possible need to include both L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in food surveillance programs so as to further understand of the origins of antimicrobial resistance and virulence markers of public health importance in L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofei Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fengqin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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15
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Jiang N, Wyres KL, Li J, Feßler AT, Krüger H, Wang Y, Holt KE, Schwarz S, Wu C. Evolution and genomic insight into methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST9 in China. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1703-1711. [PMID: 33822977 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To reconstruct the evolutionary history and genomic epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus ST9 in China. METHODS Using WGS analysis, we described the phylogeny of 131 S. aureus ST9 isolates collected between 2002 and 2016 from 11 provinces in China, including six clinical samples from Taiwan. We also investigated the complex structure and distribution of the lsa(E)-carrying multiresistance gene cluster, and genotyped prophages in the genomes of the ST9 isolates. RESULTS ST9 was subdivided into one major (n = 122) and one minor (n = 9) clade. Bayesian phylogeny predicted the divergence of ST9 isolates in pig farming in China as early as 1987, which then evolved rapidly in the following three decades. ST9 isolates shared similar multiresistance properties, which were likely acquired before the ST9 emergence in China. The accessory genome is highly conserved, and ST9 harboured similar sets of phages, but lacked certain virulence genes. CONCLUSIONS Host exchange and regional transmission of ST9 have occurred between pigs and humans. Pig rearing and trading might have favoured gene exchanges between ST9 isolates. Resistance genes, obtained from the environment and other isolates, were stably integrated into the chromosomal DNA. The abundance of resistance genes among ST9 is likely attributed to the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in livestock. Phages are present in the genomes of ST9 and may play a role in the rapid evolution of this ST. Although human ST9 infections are rare, ST9 isolates may constitute a potential risk to public health as a repository of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kelly L Wyres
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrike Krüger
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhu Y, Zhang W, Wang C, Liu W, Yang Q, Luan T, Wang L, Schwarz S, Liu S. Identification of a novel optrA-harbouring transposon, Tn6823, in Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:3395-3397. [PMID: 32728701 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Changzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Tian Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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Schwarz S, Zhang W, Du XD, Krüger H, Feßler AT, Ma S, Zhu Y, Wu C, Shen J, Wang Y. Mobile Oxazolidinone Resistance Genes in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0018820. [PMID: 34076490 PMCID: PMC8262807 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00188-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven mobile oxazolidinone resistance genes, including cfr, cfr(B), cfr(C), cfr(D), cfr(E), optrA, and poxtA, have been identified to date. The cfr genes code for 23S rRNA methylases, which confer a multiresistance phenotype that includes resistance to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A compounds. The optrA and poxtA genes code for ABC-F proteins that protect the bacterial ribosomes from the inhibitory effects of oxazolidinones. The optrA gene confers resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols, while the poxtA gene confers elevated MICs or resistance to oxazolidinones, phenicols, and tetracycline. These oxazolidinone resistance genes are most frequently found on plasmids, but they are also located on transposons, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), genomic islands, and prophages. In these mobile genetic elements (MGEs), insertion sequences (IS) most often flanked the cfr, optrA, and poxtA genes and were able to generate translocatable units (TUs) that comprise the oxazolidinone resistance genes and occasionally also other genes. MGEs and TUs play an important role in the dissemination of oxazolidinone resistance genes across strain, species, and genus boundaries. Most frequently, these MGEs also harbor genes that mediate resistance not only to antimicrobial agents of other classes, but also to metals and biocides. Direct selection pressure by the use of antimicrobial agents to which the oxazolidinone resistance genes confer resistance, but also indirect selection pressure by the use of antimicrobial agents, metals, or biocides (the respective resistance genes against which are colocated on cfr-, optrA-, or poxtA-carrying MGEs) may play a role in the coselection and persistence of oxazolidinone resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Henrike Krüger
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shizhen Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Lee GY, Seong HJ, Sul WJ, Yang SJ. Genomic Information on Linezolid-Resistant Sequence-Type 398 Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Pig. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:378-387. [PMID: 33656917 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of sequence-type 398 (ST398) livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in pigs has become a major public health concern owing to the increased zoonotic potential of the pathogen. Recently, a novel oxazolidinone resistance gene, chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistant (cfr), conferring multiresistance phenotypes to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A (PhLOPSA), has been found among ST398 LA-MRSA strains isolated from pigs. In this study, we report the first in silico genome analysis of a linezolid-resistant ST398 LA-MRSA strain, designated PJFA-521M, recovered from a pig in Korea. Genomic analyses revealed that the presence of the cfr gene was responsible for the observed linezolid resistance in the PJFA-521M strain. Moreover, newer antimicrobial resistance genes, such as the dfrG, aadE, spw, lsa(E), lnu(B), and fexA genes, were found in the PJFA-521M strain. In addition to the genetic elements for antimicrobial resistance, the carriage of various virulence genes for adherence, invasion, and immunomodulation was identified in the genome, especially within several mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The presence of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes on MGEs in the genome of a linezolid-resistant ST398 LA-MRSA should raise awareness regarding the use of other antimicrobial agents in pig farms and may also provide selective pressure for the prevalence of the cfr gene and the associated multidrug-resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Yong Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Korea
| | - Hoon Je Seong
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Korea
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Wu C, Zhang X, Liang J, Li Q, Lin H, Lin C, Liu H, Zhou D, Lu W, Sun Z, Lin X, Zhang H, Li K, Xu T, Bao Q, Lu J. Characterization of florfenicol resistance genes in the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates and genomic features of a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus lentus strain H29. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:9. [PMID: 33413633 PMCID: PMC7791814 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the wide use of florfenicol to prevent and treat the bacterial infection of domestic animals, the emergence of the florfenicol resistance bacteria is increasingly serious. It is very important to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the bacteria’s resistance to florfenicol. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels were determined by the agar dilution method, and polymerase chain reaction was conducted to analyze the distribution of florfenicol resistance genes in 39 CoNS strains isolated from poultry and livestock animals and seafood. The whole genome sequence of one multidrug resistant strain, Staphylococcus lentus H29, was characterized, and comparative genomics analysis of the resistance gene-related sequences was also performed. Results As a result, the isolates from the animals showed a higher resistance rate (23/28, 82.1%) and much higher MIC levels to florfenicol than those from seafood. Twenty-seven animal isolates carried 37 florfenicol resistance genes (including 26 fexA, 6 cfr and 5 fexB genes) with one carrying a cfr gene, 16 each harboring a fexA gene, 5 with both a fexA gene and a fexB gene and the other 5 with both a fexA gene and a cfr gene. On the other hand, all 11 isolates from seafood were sensitive to florfenicol, and only 3 carried a fexA gene each. The whole genome sequence of S. lentus H29 was composed of a chromosome and two plasmids (pH29-46, pH29-26) and harbored 11 resistance genes, including 6 genes [cfr, fexA, ant(6)-Ia, aacA-aphD, mecA and mph(C)] encoded on the chromosome, 4 genes [cfr, fexA, aacA-aphD and tcaA] on pH29-46 and 1 gene (fosD) on pH29-26. We found that the S. lentus H29 genome carried two identical copies of the gene arrays of radC-tnpABC-hp-fexA (5671 bp) and IS256-cfr (2690 bp), of which one copy of the two gene arrays was encoded on plasmid pH29-46, while the other was encoded on the chromosome. Conclusions The current study revealed the wide distribution of florfenicol resistance genes (cfr, fexA and fexB) in animal bacteria, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that one S. lentus strain carried two identical copies of florfenicol resistance-related gene arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueya Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialei Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailong Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoqin Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongmao Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danying Zhou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhewei Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kewei Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, 014040, China.
| | - Qiyu Bao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Junwan Lu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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Sun C, Wang Y, Ma S, Zhang S, Liu D, Wang Y, Wu C. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and enterococci from food products at retail in Beijing, China. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Detection of the enterococcal oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optrA in Campylobacter coli. Vet Microbiol 2020; 246:108731. [PMID: 32605743 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transferable optrA gene encodes an ABC-F protein which confers resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols, and has so far been detected exclusively in Gram-positive bacteria, including enterococci, staphylococci and streptococci. Here, we identified for the first time the presence of optrA in naturally occurring Gram-negative bacteria. Seven optrA-positive Campylobacter coli were identified from 563 Campylobacter isolates of animal origin from Guangdong (n = 1, chicken) and Shandong (n = 6, duck) provinces of China in 2017-2018. The detected optrA genes were functionally active and mediated resistance or elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations of linezolid, florfenicol and chloramphenicol in the respective C. coli isolates. The optrA gene, together with other transferable resistance genes, such as fexA, catA9, tet(O), tet(L), erm(A)-like, spc, or aadE, was located in two different chromosome-borne multidrug resistance genomic islands (MDRGIs). In both MDRGIs, complete or truncated copies of the insertion sequence IS1216E were present in the vicinity of optrA. The IS1216E-bracketed genetic environment of optrA was almost identical to the optrA regions on enterococcal plasmids, suggesting that the optrA in Campylobacter probably originated from Enterococcus spp.. Moreover, the formation of an optrA-carrying translocatable unit by recombination of IS1216E indicated that this IS element may play an important role in the horizontal transfer of optrA in Campylobacter. Although optrA was only found in a small number of C. coli isolates, enhanced surveillance is needed to monitor the distribution and the potential emergence of optrA in Campylobacter.
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Chen L, Han D, Tang Z, Hao J, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Co-existence of the oxazolidinone resistance genes cfr and optrA on two transferable multi-resistance plasmids in one Enterococcus faecalis isolate from swine. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:105993. [PMID: 32335280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and characterize oxazolidinone resistance genes cfr and optrA in enterococcal isolates. METHODS Two hundred and ninety-three enterococcal isolates were screened for the presence of cfr and optrA by polymerase chain reaction. The transferability of cfr and optrA was examined by conjugation. S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting were used to identify the location of cfr and optrA. One Enterococcus faecalis isolate carrying both cfr and optrA was sequenced in full. RESULTS cfr and optrA were detected in 16 (5.5%) and 170 (58.0%) enterococcal isolates, respectively. Sixteen enterococcal isolates (E. faecalis n=13, Enterococcus avium n=2, Enterococcus mundtii n=1) carried both cfr and optrA. The cfr-carrying fragment between res and theta in plasmid p4 showed 98.9% identity to the corresponding region of plasmid pEF120805 from vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. The optrA-carrying segment between tnpB and optrA in plasmid p1 showed >99.9% identity to the corresponding region of genomic DNA from E. faecalis A101. Plasmid p4 and plasmid p1 were simultaneously conjugated to E. faecalis JH2-2. CONCLUSIONS One hundred and seventy optrA-positive enterococci were identified in 293 enterococcal isolates from swine and the farm environment. The co-existence of cfr and optrA in E. avium and E. mundtii has been identified previously. cfr and optrA were identified on two new conjugative plasmids from one E. faecalis isolate. The optrA-carrying segment (IS1216E-optrA-IS1216E) was reported initially. Among different types of enterococcal plasmids, ISEnfa5 and IS1216E elements may play a vital role in the dissemination of cfr and optrA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongdong Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyun Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Ruiz-Ripa L, Feßler AT, Hanke D, Sanz S, Olarte C, Eichhorn I, Schwarz S, Torres C. Detection of poxtA- and optrA-carrying E. faecium isolates in air samples of a Spanish swine farm. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 22:28-31. [PMID: 31884049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates, C10004 and C10009, were recovered from air samples of a Spanish swine farm and comprehensively characterized. METHODS Detection of linezolid resistance mechanisms (mutations and acquisition of resistance genes) was performed by PCR/sequencing. Isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and analysis of the genetic environment of the linezolid resistance genes. The characterization of isolate C10009 was performed by Whole-Genome-Sequencing and of isolate C10004 by PCR and amplicon sequencing, where applicable. Conjugation experiments to assess the transferability of the optrA and poxtA genes implicated in linezolid resistance were performed. RESULTS The linezolid-resistant E. faecium isolates C10004 and C10009, assigned to ST128 and ST437, respectively, harbored the optrA and poxtA genes. Neither mutations in the 23S rRNA nor in the genes for the ribosomal proteins L3, L4 and L22 were detected. C10004 and C10009 carried fourteen and thirteen antimicrobial resistance genes, respectively. The sequence alignment indicated that the genetic environment of the poxtA gene was identical in both isolates, with a downstream-located fexB gene. The poxtA gene was transferred by conjugation together with the fexB gene, and also with tet(M) and tet(L) in the case of isolate C10004. The optrA gene could not be transferred. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the poxtA gene in Spain. The presence of poxtA- and optrA-carrying E. faecium isolates in air samples represents a public health concern, indicating an involvement of swine farms in the spread of linezolid-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susana Sanz
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Olarte
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Torres
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
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Analysis of combined resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols among bacteria from dogs fed with raw meat/vegetables and the respective food items. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15500. [PMID: 31664106 PMCID: PMC6820769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene optrA is the first gene that confers resistance to the oxazolidinone tedizolid, a last resort antimicrobial agent in human medicine. In this study we investigated the presence of optrA and the multi-resistance genes poxtA and cfr in enterococci and staphylococci from (i) pet animals known to be fed raw meat and vegetables and (ii) the respective food items. We examined 341 bacterial isolates from cats and dogs, 195 bacterial isolates from supermarket food items and only one E. faecium collected from industrial food in Beijing during 2016. Thirty-five (6.5%) of the 537 isolates, including 31/376 (8.2%) enterococci and 4/161 (2.5%) staphylococci, were positive for optrA, while all isolates were negative for poxtA and cfr. S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern blotting confirmed that optrA was located in the chromosomal DNA of 19 isolates and on a plasmid in the remaining 16 isolates. Whole genome sequencing revealed several different genetic environments of optrA in plasmid- or chromosome-borne optrA genes. PFGE, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and/or SNP analysis demonstrated that the optrA-carrying Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates were genetically heterogeneous. However, in single cases, groups of related isolates were identified which might suggest a transfer of closely related optrA-positive E. faecalis isolates between food items and dogs.
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Huang J, Sun J, Wu Y, Chen L, Duan D, Lv X, Wang L. Identification and pathogenicity of an XDR Streptococcus suis isolate that harbours the phenicol-oxazolidinone resistance genes optrA and cfr, and the bacitracin resistance locus bcrABDR. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:43-48. [PMID: 30981924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and seven Streptococcus suis isolates were collected from healthy pigs or asymptomatic carriers in Jiangsu, China in 2016-2017. Thirty-eight percent of the isolates were linezolid-resistant and all carried the optrA gene. Among them, one isolate, SFJ44, was resistant to all 20 of the antibiotics tested, except for ceftiofur, and thus exhibited an extensively-drug-resistant phenotype. This isolate carried the optrA gene and the bacitracin resistance locus bcrABDR on an antibiotic-resistance-associated genomic island (ARGI1), and harboured the resistance genes cfr, aadE, sat4, spw-like, aphA3, mef(A), msr(D), erm(A)-like, erm(B), tetAB(P)', tet(M) and catQ on ARGI2∼4. The IS1216E-bcrABDR-ISEnfa1 segment showed >99.9% sequence identity to corresponding sequences from other species. The cfr gene was located on ARGI4, and two IS6 family insertion sequences, IS1216E and ISTeha2, were found upstream and downstream of cfr-ΔISEnfa5, respectively. A circular intermediate of bcrABDR-ISEnfa1 was detected, suggesting the role of ISEnfa1 in dissemination of bcrABDR. Other antibiotic resistance genes might be acquired from different Gram-positive pathogens. Infection of zebrafish showed that SFJ44 exhibited a virulence level comparable to serotype 2 hypervirulent strain SC070731, highlighting the need for surveillance of the pathogenicity of multi-drug-resistant S. suis isolates. This is the first report of the co-existence of optrA and cfr, and of the bcrABDR locus in streptococci. As it has been suggested that S. suis may act as an antibiotic resistance reservoir contributing to the spread of resistance genes to major streptococcal pathogens, the potential dissemination of these resistance genes among Gram-positive bacteria is of concern and routine surveillance should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanchang Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Duan Duan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Sun C, Chen B, Hulth A, Schwarz S, Ji X, Nilsson LE, Ma S, Sun Q, Bi Z, Wang Y, Bi Z, Wu C, Börjesson S. Genomic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus along a pork production chain and in the community, Shandong Province, China. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:8-15. [PMID: 30959181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an increasingly important public health concern worldwide; however, data on LA-MRSA from Asian countries is scarce. As such, a comprehensive molecular epidemiological survey of S. aureus along a pork production chain and in the community was undertaken in Shandong Province, China. spa typing and whole-genome sequencing were used to survey the occurrence and potential transmission of S. aureus in various sectors, including 899 porcine samples (snout or skin swabs, carcass swabs and pork portions), 845 human nasal samples and 239 environmental samples from commercial farms, a slaughterhouse, a pork wholesale market and the surrounding community. MRSA was detected in higher frequencies in samples from two commercial pig farms (pigs, 49%; farm workers, 64%; environmental samples, 16%) than in samples from the slaughterhouse (fatteners, 8.2%; carcasses, 1.1%; operation workers, 0%; environmental samples, 3.8%), the pork wholesale market (pork, 14%; sellers, 0%) and individuals in the community (6.8%). There were significant differences in population structures, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the presence of resistance and virulence genes between human- and pig-associated isolates. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the dissemination of LA-MRSA between various segments along the pork production chain. However, MRSA of the same sequence type was not found to be disseminated between the commercial farms and the surrounding communities. Furthermore, one MRSA ST398 was observed, and a novel CC9 variant ST3597 was detected within the chain. The high MRSA carriage rates and the emergence of a new MRSA CC9 variant identified in this study highlight the need for MRSA surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtao Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Anette Hulth
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden; Global Health - Health Systems and Policy, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xing Ji
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lennart E Nilsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Shizhen Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Shandong University, Centre for Health Management and Policy, Jinan, Shandong, China; NHFPC (Shandong University), Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenwang Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqiang Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Stefan Börjesson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
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Argudín MA, Youzaga S, Dodémont M, Heinrichs A, Roisin S, Deplano A, Nonhoff C, Hallin M. Detection of optrA-positive enterococci clinical isolates in Belgium. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:985-987. [PMID: 30771123 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Angeles Argudín
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB) Site Anderlecht, Hôpital Erasme-Cliniques universitaires de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - S Youzaga
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB) Site Anderlecht, Hôpital Erasme-Cliniques universitaires de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Dodémont
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB) Site Anderlecht, Hôpital Erasme-Cliniques universitaires de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB) Site Anderlecht, Hôpital Erasme-Cliniques universitaires de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Roisin
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB) Site Anderlecht, Hôpital Erasme-Cliniques universitaires de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Deplano
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB) Site Anderlecht, Hôpital Erasme-Cliniques universitaires de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Nonhoff
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB) Site Anderlecht, Hôpital Erasme-Cliniques universitaires de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Hallin
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB) Site Anderlecht, Hôpital Erasme-Cliniques universitaires de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Linezolid resistance genes and genetic elements enhancing their dissemination in enterococci and streptococci. Plasmid 2018; 99:89-98. [PMID: 30253132 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Linezolid is considered a last resort drug in treatment of severe infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens, resistant to other antibiotics, such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant staphylococci and multidrug resistant pneumococci. Although the vast majority of Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria remain susceptible to linezolid, resistant isolates of enterococci, staphylococci and streptococci have been reported worldwide. In these bacteria, apart from mutations, affecting mostly the 23S rRNA genes, acquisition of such genes as cfr, cfr(B), optrA and poxtA, often associated with mobile genetic elements (MGE), plays an important role for resistance. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on diversity and epidemiology of MGE carrying linezolid-resistance genes among clinically-relevant Gram-positive pathogens such as enterococci and streptococci.
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Bender JK, Fleige C, Lange D, Klare I, Werner G. Rapid emergence of highly variable and transferable oxazolidinone and phenicol resistance gene optrA in German Enterococcus spp. clinical isolates. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:819-827. [PMID: 30236952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The number of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolates received by the National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci in Germany has been increasing since 2011. Although the majority are E. faecium, clinical linezolid-resistant E. faecalis have also been isolated. With respect to the newly discovered linezolid resistance protein OptrA, the authors conducted a retrospective polymerase chain reaction screening of 698 linezolid-resistant enterococcus clinical isolates. That yielded 43 optrA-positive strains, of which a subset was analysed by whole-genome sequencing in order to infer linezolid resistance-associated mechanisms and phylogenetic relatedness, and to disclose optrA genetic environments. Multiple optrA variants were detected. The originally described variant from China (optrAWT) was the only variant shared between the two Enterococcus spp.; however, distinct optrAWT loci were detected for E. faecium and E. faecalis. Generally, optrA localized to a plethora of genetic backgrounds that differed even for identical optrA variants. This suggests transmission of a mobile genetic element harbouring the resistance locus. Additionally, identical optrA variants detected on presumably identical plasmids, that were present in unrelated strains, indicates dissemination of the entire optrA-containing plasmid. In accordance, in vitro conjugation experiments verified transfer of optrA plasmids between enterococci of the same and of different species. In conclusion, multiple optrA variants located on distinct plasmids and mobile genetic elements with the potential for conjugative transfer are supposedly causative for the emergence of optrA-positive enterococci. Hence, rapid dissemination of the resistance determinant under selective pressure imposed by extensive use of last-resort antibiotics in clinical settings could be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Bender
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
| | - Carola Fleige
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Dominik Lange
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Ingo Klare
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
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30
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Feßler AT, Wang Y, Wu C, Schwarz S. Mobile lincosamide resistance genes in staphylococci. Plasmid 2018; 99:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Cai J, Schwarz S, Chi D, Wang Z, Zhang R, Wang Y. Faecal carriage of optrA-positive enterococci in asymptomatic healthy humans in Hangzhou, China. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:630.e1-630.e6. [PMID: 30076974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the faecal carriage of optrA-positive enterococci among asymptomatic healthy humans in Hangzhou, China, and to characterize the genetic context of optrA. METHODS A total of 3458 stool samples from healthy individuals were collected and cultured on a selective medium containing 10 mg/L florfenicol and resulting enterococci were screened for the presence of optrA by PCR. OptrA variants were determined by amino acid sequence comparison with the original OptrA from Enterococcus faecalis E349. Whole genome sequencing and PCR mapping were performed to obtain and analyse the genetic environment of optrA. RESULTS Similar optrA carriage rates (∼3.5%) were detected in samples from adults (55/1558) and children (66/1900). Linezolid resistance rates for E. faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and other Enterococcus species were 58.5% (38/65), 42.3% (11/26) and 0% (0/31), respectively. Nineteen OptrA variants exhibiting different linezolid MICs were identified. Isolates carrying wild-type OptrA and variants RDK, KLDP, KD, D, RDKP, and EDP generally demonstrated linezolid MICs ≥8 mg/L. The OptrA variants, with fexA upstream and erm(A) downstream, were flanked by IS1216E at one or both ends. The fexA-optrA(wild-type) was located downstream of a Tn554 transposon, and was inserted into the radC gene. The EDM variant was detected in 31/73 enterococci with linezolid MICs ≤4 mg/L. Despite the variable genetic context, Tn558-araC-optrA(EDM)-erm(A)-met was the most common gene array. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a correlation between linezolid MIC, genetic context and OptrA variant. Intestinal colonization of healthy individuals by optrA-positive enterococci is a concern, and active epidemiological surveillance of optrA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cai
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Schwarz
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Chi
- Department of Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - R Zhang
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Y Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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