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Glajzner P, Bernat A, Jasińska-Stroschein M. Improving the treatment of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria through drug repositioning. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1397602. [PMID: 38910882 PMCID: PMC11193365 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1397602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing (repositioning) is a dynamically-developing area in the search for effective therapy of infectious diseases. Repositioning existing drugs with a well-known pharmacological and toxicological profile is an attractive method for quickly discovering new therapeutic indications. The off-label use of drugs for infectious diseases requires much less capital and time, and can hasten progress in the development of new antimicrobial drugs, including antibiotics. The use of drug repositioning in searching for new therapeutic options has brought promising results for many viral infectious diseases, such as Ebola, ZIKA, Dengue, and HCV. This review describes the most favorable results for repositioned drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections. It comprises publications from various databases including PubMed and Web of Science published from 2015 to 2023. The following search keywords/strings were used: drug repositioning and/or repurposing and/or antibacterial activity and/or infectious diseases. Treatment options for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria were taken into account, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or carbapenem-resistant bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. It analyses the safety profiles of the included drugs and their synergistic combinations with antibiotics and discusses the potential of antibacterial drugs with antiparasitic, anticancer, antipsychotic effects, and those used in metabolic diseases. Drug repositioning may be an effective response to public health threats related to the spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the growing antibiotic resistance of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glajzner
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Fang ZY, Zhang ZY, Zheng YD, Lei D, Zhuang J, Li N, He QY, Sun X. Repurposing cinacalcet suppresses multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by disruption of cell membrane and inhibits biofilm by targeting IcaR. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:903-917. [PMID: 38412335 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDR Staphylococcus aureus infections, along with the severity of biofilm-associated infections, continue to threaten human health to a great extent. It necessitates the urgent development of novel antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. OBJECTIVES To reveal the mechanism and target of cinacalcet as an antibacterial and antimicrobial agent for S. aureus. METHODS Screening of non-antibiotic drugs for antibacterial and antibiofilm properties was conducted using a small-molecule drug library. In vivo efficacy was assessed through animal models, and the antibacterial mechanism was studied using quantitative proteomics, biochemical assays, LiP-SMap, BLI detection and gene knockout techniques. RESULTS Cinacalcet, an FDA-approved drug, demonstrated antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus, with less observed development of bacterial resistance. Importantly, cinacalcet significantly improved survival in a pneumonia model and bacterial clearance in a biofilm infection model. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanism of cinacalcet mainly involves the destruction of membrane-targeted structures, alteration of energy metabolism, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cinacalcet was found to target IcaR, inhibiting biofilm formation through the negative regulation of IcaADBC. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that cinacalcet has potential for repurposing as a therapeutic agent for MDR S. aureus infections and associated biofilms, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Ye Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Dan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Nimma R, Kumar A, Gani Z, Gahlawat A, Dilawari R, Rohilla RK, Kumbhar H, Garg P, Chopra S, Raje M, Iyengar Raje C. Characterization of the enzymatic and multifunctional properties of Acinetobacter baumannii erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase (E4PDH). Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105992. [PMID: 36649779 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Infections due to Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) are rapidly increasing worldwide and consequently therapeutic options for treatment are limited. The emergence of multi drug resistant (MDR) strains has rendered available antibiotics ineffective, necessitating the urgent discovery of new drugs and drug targets. The vitamin B6 biosynthetic pathway has been considered as a potential antibacterial drug target but it is as yet uncharacterized for A. baumannii. In the current work, we have carried out in silico and biochemical characterization of Erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase (E4PDH) (EC 1.2.1.72). This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) dependent Vitamin B6 biosynthetic pathway i.e. the conversion of d-erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) to 4-Phosphoerythronate. E4PDH also possesses an additional activity whereby it can catalyze the conversion of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG). Our studies have revealed that this enzyme exhibits an alternate moonlighting function as a cell surface receptor for the human iron transport proteins transferrin (Tf) and lactoferrin (Lf). The present work reports the internalization of Tf and consequent iron acquisition as an alternate strategy for iron acquisition. Given its essential role in two crucial pathways i.e. metabolism and iron acquisition, A. baumannii E4PDH may play a vital role in bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Nimma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Zahid Gani
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Anuj Gahlawat
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Rahul Dilawari
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Rohilla
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Hemangi Kumbhar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CSIR (CSIR-CDRI), Sector10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
| | - Manoj Raje
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Chaaya Iyengar Raje
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Panda SK, Buroni S, Swain SS, Bonacorsi A, da Fonseca Amorim EA, Kulshrestha M, da Silva LCN, Tiwari V. Recent advances to combat ESKAPE pathogens with special reference to essential oils. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1029098. [PMID: 36560948 PMCID: PMC9763703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1029098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacteria, especially ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.), are a serious challenge worldwide. Due to the lack of discovery of novel antibiotics, in the past two decades, it has become necessary to search for new antibiotics or to study synergy with the existing antibiotics so as to counter life-threatening infections. Nature-derived compounds/based products are more efficient than the chemically synthesized ones with less resistance and lower side effects. In this descriptive review, we discuss the most promising therapeutics for the treatment of ESKAPE-related biofilms. The first aspect includes different types of natural agents [botanical drugs, essential oils (EOs), antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and endolysins] effective against ESKAPE pathogens. The second part of the review deals with special references to EOs/essential oil components (EOCs) (with some exclusive examples), mode of action (via interfering in the quorum-sensing pathways, disruption of biofilm and their inhibitory concentrations, expression of genes that are involved, other virulence factors), existing in literature so far. Moreover, different essential oils and their major constituents were critically discussed using in vivo models to target ESKAPE pathogens along with the studies involving existing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Centre of Environment Studies, Climate Change and Public Health, RUSA 2.0, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Silvia Buroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shasank Sekhar Swain
- Division of Microbiology and Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)–Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Andrea Bonacorsi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mukta Kulshrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India,*Correspondence: Vishvanath Tiwari,
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Non-Antibiotic Drug Repositioning as an Alternative Antimicrobial Approach. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060816. [PMID: 35740222 PMCID: PMC9220406 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide scenario of antibiotic resistance and the falling number of funds for the development of novel antibiotics have led research efforts toward the study of specific cost-effective strategies aimed at discovering drugs against microbial infections. Among the potential options, drug repositioning, which has already exhibited satisfactory results in other medical fields, came out as the most promising. It consists of finding new uses for previously approved medicines and, over the years, many “repurposed drugs” displayed some encouraging in vitro and in vivo results beyond their initial application. The principal theoretical justification for reusing already existing drugs is that they have known mechanisms of action and manageable side effects. Reuse of old drugs is now considered an interesting approach to overcome the drawbacks of conventional antibiotics. The purpose of this review is to offer the reader a panoramic view of the updated studies concerning the repositioning process of different classes of non-antibiotic drugs in the antimicrobial field. Several research works reported the ability of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antidepressants, antipsychotics, and statins to counteract the growth of harmful microorganisms, demonstrating an interesting winning mode to fight infectious diseases caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
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Choudhury M, Bindra HS, Singh K, Singh AK, Nayak R. Antimicrobial polymeric composites in consumer goods and healthcare sector: A healthier way to prevent infection. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mousam Choudhury
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India
| | | | - Karishma Singh
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- School of Biotechnology Sher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Ranu Nayak
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India
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Zhang S, Qu X, Tang H, Wang Y, Yang H, Yuan W, Yue B. Diclofenac Resensitizes Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-Lactams and Prevents Implant Infections. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100681. [PMID: 34258168 PMCID: PMC8261494 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Implant infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause major complications during the perioperative period. Diclofenac, one of the most widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is often used to relieve pain and inflammation. In this study, it is found that high-dose diclofenac can inhibit the growth of MRSA, and does not easily induce drug-resistant mutations after continuous passage. However, low-doses diclofenac can resensitize bacteria to β-lactams, which help to circumvent drug resistance and improve the antibacterial efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Further, low-dose diclofenac in combination with β-lactams inhibit MRSA associated biofilm formation in implants. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses indicate that diclofenac can reduce the expression of genes and proteins associated with β-lactam resistance: mecA, mecR, and blaZ; peptidoglycan biosynthesis: murA, murC, femA, and femB; and biofilm formation: altE and fnbP. Murine implant infection models indicate that diclofenac combined with β-lactams, can substantially alleviate MRSA infections in vivo. In addition, it is investigated that low dose diclofenac can inhibit MRSA antibiotic resistance via the mecA/blaZ pathway and related biofilms in implants. The synergistic effect of diclofenac and β-lactams might have promising applications for preventing perioperative infection, considering its multitarget effects against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Haozheng Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- School of Medical Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Weien Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic AntibodyMinistry of EducationSchool of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200127China
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Krzyżek P, Gościniak G, Fijałkowski K, Migdał P, Dziadas M, Owczarek A, Czajkowska J, Aniołek O, Junka A. Potential of Bacterial Cellulose Chemisorbed with Anti-Metabolites, 3-Bromopyruvate or Sertraline, to Fight against Helicobacter pylori Lawn Biofilm. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9507. [PMID: 33327555 PMCID: PMC7765062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium known mainly of its ability to cause persistent inflammations of the human stomach, resulting in peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancers. Continuous exposure of this bacterium to antibiotics has resulted in high detection of multidrug-resistant strains and difficulties in obtaining a therapeutic effect. The purpose of the present study was to determine the usability of bacterial cellulose (BC) chemisorbed with 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) or sertraline (SER) to act against lawn H. pylori biofilms. The characterization of BC carriers was made using a N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, tensile strength test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Determination of an antimicrobial activity was performed using a modified disk-diffusion method and a self-designed method of testing antibacterial activity against biofilm microbial forms. In addition, bacterial morphology was checked by SEM. It was found that BC disks were characterized by a high cross-linking and shear/stretch resistance. Growth inhibition zones for BC disks chemisorbed with 2 mg of SER or 3-BP were equal to 26.5-27.5 mm and 27-30 mm, respectively. The viability of lawn biofilm H. pylori cells after a 4-h incubation with 2 mg SER or 3-BP chemisorbed on BC disks was ≥4 log lower, suggesting their antibacterial effect. SEM observations showed a number of morphostructural changes in H. pylori cells exposed to these substances. Concluding, SER and 3-BP chemisorbed on BC carriers presented a promising antibacterial activity against biofilm H. pylori cells in in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Krzyżek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Gościniak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Migdał
- Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Dziadas
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-353 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Owczarek
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Czajkowska
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Polish Center for Technology Development PORT, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Olga Aniołek
- Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Krzyżek P, Paluch E, Gościniak G. Synergistic Therapies as a Promising Option for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100658. [PMID: 33007899 PMCID: PMC7599531 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for the development of gastric diseases. The issue of spreading antibiotic resistance of H. pylori and its limited therapeutic options is an important topic in modern gastroenterology. This phenomenon is greatly associated with a very narrow range of antibiotics used in standard therapies and, as a consequence, an alarmingly high detection of multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains. For this reason, scientists are increasingly focused on the search for new substances that will not only exhibit antibacterial effect against H. pylori, but also potentiate the activity of antibiotics. The aim of the current review is to present scientific reports showing newly discovered or repurposed compounds with an ability to enhance the antimicrobial activity of classically used antibiotics against H. pylori. To gain a broader context in their future application in therapies of H. pylori infections, their antimicrobial properties, such as minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations, dose- and time-dependent mode of action, and, if characterized, anti-biofilm and/or in vivo activity are further described. The authors of this review hope that this article will encourage the scientific community to expand research on the important issue of synergistic therapies in the context of combating H. pylori infections.
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Cushnie TPT, Cushnie B, Echeverría J, Fowsantear W, Thammawat S, Dodgson JLA, Law S, Clow SM. Bioprospecting for Antibacterial Drugs: a Multidisciplinary Perspective on Natural Product Source Material, Bioassay Selection and Avoidable Pitfalls. Pharm Res 2020; 37:125. [PMID: 32529587 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioprospecting is the exploration, extraction and screening of biological material and sometimes indigenous knowledge to discover and develop new drugs and other products. Most antibiotics in current clinical use (eg. β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides) were discovered using this approach, and there are strong arguments to reprioritize bioprospecting over other strategies in the search for new antibacterial drugs. Academic institutions should be well positioned to lead the early stages of these efforts given their many thousands of locations globally and because they are not constrained by the same commercial considerations as industry. University groups can lack the full complement of knowledge and skills needed though (eg. how to tailor screening strategy to biological source material). In this article, we review three key aspects of the bioprospecting literature (source material and in vitro antibacterial and toxicity testing) and present an integrated multidisciplinary perspective on (a) source material selection, (b) legal, taxonomic and other issues related to source material, (c) cultivation methods, (d) bioassay selection, (e) technical standards available, (f) extract/compound dissolution, (g) use of minimum inhibitory concentration and selectivity index values to identify progressible extracts and compounds, and (h) avoidable pitfalls. The review closes with recommendations for future study design and information on subsequent steps in the bioprospecting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Tim Cushnie
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand.
| | - Benjamart Cushnie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Thailand
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Winita Fowsantear
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Sutthiwan Thammawat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | | | - Samantha Law
- National Collection of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB) Ltd, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Simon M Clow
- PMI BioPharma Solutions LLC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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