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Andretta I, Kipper M, Schirmann GD, Franceschina CS, Ribeiro AML. Modeling the performance of broilers under heat stress. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101338. [PMID: 34358951 PMCID: PMC8350525 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was developed to model performance depression in heat stress (HS), to analyze the influence of HS type (cyclic or constant), and to assess the correlation between dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and HS in broilers. Two databases (Dat) with performance and temperature were constructed (initial phase – up to 21 d of age – 14 articles, 7,667 animals, average replicate number treatment-ARN/T, 5 and growing phase – over 21 d of age – 74 articles and 25,145 broilers, ARN/T, 7). The criteria for article selection were (1) experiments using at least 2 temperatures (thermoneutral and high temperature); (2) results of ADFI and ADG; (3) feed and water ad libitum during the experiment. Each treatment was classified as cyclic or constant HS and the HS group response was calculated relative to the thermoneutral group. Performance was evaluated as raw data or as relativized information (indicated as “HS effect or ≠”), expressed as a percentage of the difference between results. The models to predict “HS effect” showed that for the initial phase, only ADG was influenced by HS, while for the grower phase, prediction equations were created for ADFI and ADG. Considering the simplest models, there was a reduction of 1.4% in ADFI and 2.1% in ADG for each unit (°C) above the upper critical temperature for broilers older than 21 d. Feed conversion (FC) was not affected by HS in any of the studied phases. Constant HS proved to be more negative than cyclic HS to broiler performance after 21 d of age. The relation between DEB and performance of broilers under HS was analyzed considering broilers over 21 d of age, and very weak correlations were observed. It was concluded that HS affects broilers over 21 d more, although FC is not affected. ADFI is the most important variable affected by HS and the relation between the DEB of the diet and HS is very weak. The empirical models generated in this study accurately predicted ADG and ADFI of broilers exposed to HS and can be used to minimize those effects on poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Andretta
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - M Kipper
- Elanco Brasil, São Paulo, 04703-002, Brazil
| | - G D Schirmann
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - C S Franceschina
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - A M L Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil.
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Rehman AU, Arif M, Husnain MM, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Taha AE, Elnesr SS, Abdel-Latif MA, Othman SI, Allam AA. Growth Performance of Broilers as Influenced by Different Levels and Sources of Methionine Plus Cysteine. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121056. [PMID: 31805723 PMCID: PMC6941102 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current work evaluated the utilization of different sources of methionine either from DL-methionine (DL-Met) or L-methionine (L-Met) using different concentrations of dietary methionine plus cystine (Met + Cyst) in broiler chickens. Results showed that a better edible meat yield could be obtained by supplementing Met + Cyst at the rate of 80% of the digestible lysine. Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the utilization of methionine from DL-methionine (DL-Met) and L-methionine (L-Met) with different levels of dietary methionine plus cystine (Met + Cyst) in broilers. The experimental diets were formulated by using three levels of Met + Cyst, i.e., 74%, 77% and 80% of digestible lysine. Met + Cyst was provided either from DL-Met or L-Met. A total of 450 day-old broilers were divided into six groups (five replicates of 15 birds each) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement under completely randomized design. Weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was determined. At the end of the experiment (35 days), two birds from each replicate were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristics and serum homocysteine. Results indicate that the combined effect of L-Met and DL-Met significantly affected (p < 0.05) the WG in the starter period and FI in the finisher period. Neither source nor level of methionine influenced (p > 0.05) the FI, WG and FCR of broilers during the starter, finisher or overall phase of growth. The interaction between sources and levels of methionine did not influence (p > 0.05) the feed intake, weight gain and FCR during the overall phase of growth. Source of methionine had no (p > 0.05) effect on carcass characteristics. Methionine levels had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on carcass weight, chest weight and thigh weight. The interaction between sources and levels of methionine had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the liver weight. The sources of methionine had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the liver and heart weight, while methionine levels significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the liver and gizzard weight. Finally, it was concluded that if DL-Met and L-Met are included in feed at a standard level, they are equally effective as a source of methionine for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Ur Rehman
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (M.A.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (M.A.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Muhammad M. Husnain
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (M.A.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ayman E. Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Behira, Rasheed, Edfina 22758, Egypt;
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Mervat A. Abdel-Latif
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Sarah I. Othman
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, BO. Box 24428, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt;
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RETRACTED - Methionine: comparing methionine hydroxyl analogues for broilers, with focus on different thermal environments. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933919000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Marchini CFP, Fernandes EA, Nascimento MRBM, Araújo EG, Guimarães EC, Bueno JPR, Fagundes NS, Café MB. The Effect of Cyclic Heat Stress Applied to Different Broiler Chicken Brooding Stages on Animal Performance and Carcass Yield. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - EG Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - JPR Bueno
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - MB Café
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
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Zou L, Wang D, Liu J, Bai Y, Liang Z, Zhang T. Effects of DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid on broilers at different dietary inclusion rates. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:337-44. [PMID: 25730632 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1021296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. A growth experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of liquid analogue, DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA), compared to powder DL-methionine (DLM), in commercial maize-soybean-meal broiler diets similar to those commonly used in China, on feed conversion ratio (FCR), growth performance and European Production Index (EPI) of broilers. 2. A 4 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in which HMTBA or DLM was fed at 4 concentrations (low, medium, high and very-high inclusion rates) of supplementation at 100% equivalence on an equimolar basis. Negative control diets were commercial starter, grower and finisher feeds with no added methionine. A total of 1008 commercial-type Arbor Acres 1-d-old chicks were randomly distributed into 9 groups, with 8 replicates of 14 (7 male + 7 female) birds per treatment. 3. The body weight gain of the control group was significantly lower than that of the others in the starter period but did not show any differences during the other periods. The FCR of the control group was higher than that of the others except for those with HMTBA in the grower period. It was also observed that the FCR dropped as the supplemented concentration of methionine was increased regardless of the source. Some of the treatment groups produced a better breast yield than the control. The EPI between the two products did not show any significant difference. 4. In conclusion, both of the methionine sources were equally effective in ameliorating the effects of a dietary deficiency of total sulphur amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zou
- a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition , Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , P. R. China
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Sayed MAM, Downing J. Effects of dietary electrolyte balance and addition of electrolyte-betaine supplements in feed or water on performance, acid-base balance and water retention in heat-stressed broilers. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:195-209. [PMID: 25558900 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.995594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and electrolyte-betaine (El-Be) supplements on heat-stressed broiler performance, acid-base balance and water retention were evaluated during the period 31-40 d of age in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. A total of 240 broilers were assigned to 6 treatment groups each with 8 replicates of 5 birds per cage and were exposed to cyclic high temperature (32 - 24 ± 1°C). Birds were provided with diets having DEB of either 180 or 220 mEq/kg. El-Be supplements were either added to the diet, water or not added to either of them to complete the array of 6 treatment groups. An additional 80 birds were kept at thermoneutral temperature (20 ± 1°C) and were provided with tap water and diets with DEB of either 180 or 220 mEq/kg to serve as negative controls. Exposure to high temperature depressed growth performance, increased rectal temperature and decreased potassium (K(+)) retention. In high-temperature room, birds fed on diets with DEB of 220 mEq/kg tended to increase BW from 35-40 d of age. However, at thermoneutral temperature, broilers fed on diets with DEB of 220 mEq/kg increased K(+) retention. Adding El-Be supplements in feed or water improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), enhanced water consumption and increased K(+) and sodium (Na(+)) retention. Interactions between DEB and El-Be supplements tended to affect body weight gain and FCR during the periods 35-40 and 31-40 d of age, respectively. It is suggested that when using a diet with DEB of 180 mEq/kg, adding the El-Be supplements in drinking water was more beneficial than in feed. Adding the supplements in feed or water was equally useful when using DEB of 220 mEq/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A M Sayed
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
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Effects of dietary methionine source on productive performance, blood chemical, and hematological profiles in broiler chickens under tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:1957-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Willemsen H, Swennen Q, Everaert N, Geraert PA, Mercier Y, Stinckens A, Decuypere E, Buyse J. Effects of dietary supplementation of methionine and its hydroxy analog DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid on growth performance, plasma hormone levels, and the redox status of broiler chickens exposed to high temperatures. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2311-20. [PMID: 21934015 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is known to impair performance and to induce oxidative stress in poultry. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation of dl-methionine (dl-M) or the synthetic analog 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (dl-HMTBA) on broiler growth performance, plasma hormone levels, and some oxidative stress-related parameters under conditions of chronic exposure to high temperatures (HT). From 2 to 6 wk of age, male broiler chickens were reared under either a constant temperature of 32°C until 6 wk of age or a normal temperature scheme (gradual decrease to 18°C at 5 wk of age). Chicks in both the normal and HT treatments were provided with a commercial grower diet supplemented with either 1.0 or 1.2 g/kg of dl-M or 1.0 or 1.2 g/kg of dl-HMTBA. Because there were no effects of supplement dose, data were pooled over both doses within each temperature treatment. The chronic HT treatment impaired feed intake and BW gain, but these negative effects were less pronounced when the chickens received dl-HMTBA. Exposure to HT was also associated with decreased (P < 0.001) plasma thyroid hormones and increased (P < 0.0001) plasma corticosterone levels. At 4 wk of age, and irrespective of the supplemental source, chickens subjected to HT were characterized by significantly lower plasma TBA-reactive substance levels. In contrast, at 6 wk of age, plasma TBA-reactive substance levels were significantly increased by HT, but this effect was observed only for the chickens receiving dl-M and not for those receiving dl-HMTBA. High temperatures induced a significant increase in hepatic total glutathione (GSH) and oxidized GSH levels, regardless of the supplemental source. However, the hepatic ratios of reduced GSH to total GSH and reduced GSH to oxidized GSH were highest in chickens supplemented with dl-HMTBA. In conclusion, dl-HMTBA supplementation partially prevented the growth-depressing effects of chronic heat exposure compared with dl-M supplementation. It can be inferred that dl-HMTBA is more efficient in alleviating HT-induced oxidative damage because of a more favorable reduced GSH-to-total GSH ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Willemsen
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Heverlee, Belgium.
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Aengwanich W, Suttajit M. Effect of polyphenols extracted from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed coat on physiological changes, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, oxidative stress and body weight of broilers (Gallus domesticus) under chronic heat stress. Anim Sci J 2010; 81:264-70. [PMID: 20438509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2009.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of polyphenols extracted from tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed coat on physiological changes, oxidative stress and production of male broilers maintained at high environmental temperatures. The results found that body temperature and respiratory rate of broilers maintained at 38 +/- 2 degrees C was higher than broilers maintained at 26 +/- 2 degrees C (P < 0.05). On day 1, the heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio of broilers maintained at 38 +/- 2 degrees C and received polyphenols at 300 and 400 mg/kg in diets was lower than broilers that received polyphenols at 0 and 200 mg/kg in diets (P < 0.05). At week 1, the malondialdehyde of the broilers maintained at 38 +/- 2 degrees C who received polyphenols at 400 mg/ kg in their diet was lower than broilers that received polyphenols at 100 and 200 mg/kg in diets (P < 0.05). At week 1, the body weights of broilers that were maintained at 38 +/- 2 degrees C who received polyphenols at 100-500 mg/ kg in diets, and broilers maintained at 26 +/- 2 degrees C were higher than that of the control group which had not been treated with a polyphenol diet (P < 0.05). This study indicated that polyphenols could reduce heat stress, oxidative stress and improve the growth rate of heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapol Aengwanich
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.
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Laganá C, Ribeiro AML, Kessler AM, Kratz LR, Pinheiro CC. Effect of the supplementation of vitamins and organic minerals on the performance of broilers under heat stress. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2007000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Laganá C, Ribeiro AML, Kessler AM, Kratz LR, Pinheiro CC. Effects of the reduction of dietary heat increment on the performance, carcass yield, and diet digestibility of broilers submitted to heat stress. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2007000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rubin LL, Ribeiro AML, Canal CW, Silva IC, Trevizan L, Vogt LK, Pereira RA, Lacerda L. Influence of sulfur amino acid levels in diets of broiler chickens submitted to immune stress. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2007000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LL Rubin
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária
| | - AML Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - IC Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; UFRGS
| | - L Trevizan
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; UFRGS
| | - LK Vogt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; UFRGS
| | - RA Pereira
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária; UFRGS
| | - L Lacerda
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária; UFRGS
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Viola TH, Ribeiro AML, Penz Jr. AM. Compensatory water consumption of broilers submitted to water restriction from 1 to 21 days of age. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2005000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ribeiro AML, Dahlke F, Kessler AM. Methionine sources do not affect performance and carcass yield of broilers fed vegetable diets and aubmitted to cyclic heat stress. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2005000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AML Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - F Dahlke
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - AM Kessler
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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