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Hajiazizi F, Sadeghi A, Ibrahim S. Camelina sativa (L. Crantz) products; an alternative feed ingredient for poultry diets with its nutritional and physiological consequences. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:59. [PMID: 38273063 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to increased demand for common feedstuffs such as corn, soybean and fish meals for poultry diets, the search for alternative sources of energy and protein for feed production could help to reduce production costs in the commercial poultry industry. Camelina sativa might be considered a new source of protein, energy and n-3 fatty acids (FA) in poultry diets. The oil content of camelina seeds (CS) is about 35 to 40%. Approximately 50% of this oil is composed of polyunsaturated FA. Moreover, camelina meal (CM) has 16% crude fat. The major n-3 FA of CS and CM is α-linolenic acid (about 30%) which is considered to be nutritionally important. The oil contains other bio-active compounds such as γ-tocopherol, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Camelina seeds and meal can produce 6258 and 5110 kcal/kg of gross energy, 245-292 and 315-398 g/kg crude protein and 248 and 127 g/kg crude fibre, respectively. However, CS and CM contain 21.77 and 28.08 μmol/g glucosinolates and 12.10 and 12.93 TIU /mg trypsin inhibitors, respectively as anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) that can affect poultry performance adversely. Overall, dietary inclusion of camelina products will supply energy and protein for bird, enhance the antioxidant capacity and lipid stability of poultry products and provide health-promoting n-3 FA and tocopherol rich-foods to humans. However, raw CS contains some ANFs, and its maximum safe level (MSL) is 5% meal or seed, and 2% oil for all type of birds. Hence, it is necessary to establish suitable techniques for removing anti-nutritional factors from CS and increase its MSL in poultry diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Hajiazizi
- Departments of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 6617715175, Iran.
| | - Amirali Sadeghi
- Departments of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 6617715175, Iran
| | - Salam Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, 173 Carver Hall, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
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Cullere M, Singh Y, Pellattiero E, Berzuini S, Galasso I, Clemente C, Dalle Zotte A. Effect of the dietary inclusion of Camelina sativa cake into quail diet on live performance, carcass traits and meat quality. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102650. [PMID: 37031586 PMCID: PMC10120358 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research studied the effect of the dietary inclusion of 3 different camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) cakes on the live performance, slaughter traits, and breast meat quality of broiler quails (Coturnix japonica). With this purpose, a total of 480 fifteen-day-old broiler quails of both sexes were allocated to 48 cages (12 replicates/treatment, 10 quails/replicate) and received 4 dietary treatments: a control diet (Control), and 3 diets containing 15% of 1 commercial cultivar (Calena), and 2 improved lines (Pearl: low linoleic acid; Alan: low glucosinolates). During the experiment, individual live weight (LW) and cage feed intake were recorded to calculate body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). At 35 d of age, quails were slaughtered, and carcasses were weighed and dissected to compute yields. On breast (pectoralis major muscle) the measurements and analyses considered ultimate pH, L*a*b* color values, proximate composition, oxidative status, cooking loss and WBSF toughness. Broiler quails receiving diets with camelina cakes exhibited mortality and health status similar to the control. However, growth performance was impaired in camelina-fed groups, especially for Calena (P < 0.05). Overall LW and BWG were slightly lower, whereas feed intake was slightly higher in camelina-fed groups compared to Control (P > 0.05). Therefore, higher FCR was recorded for camelina-fed groups compared to Control (P = 0.0004). Moreover, breast meat from Calena treatment displayed higher water (P = 0.0170), and lower lipid (P = 0.0051) contents compared to those of the Control group, while protein and ash content remained unaffected. Heme-iron content and oxidative status of breast meat were not influenced by the dietary incorporation of camelina (P > 0.05). The research outcomes indicated that camelina cakes can be used as an alternative feed ingredient for broiler quails' diets, without compromising carcass yields and meat quality. However, as 15% dietary incorporation worsened live performance, the ideal camelina cake inclusion level should be thoroughly investigated as well as a parallel research effort into further reducing glucosinolates content of camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cullere
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health - MAPS, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Yazavinder Singh
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health - MAPS, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Pellattiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health - MAPS, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Berzuini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences - DISTAL, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Incoronata Galasso
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology - IBBA, National Research Council -CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Clarissa Clemente
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment - DAFE, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Dalle Zotte
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health - MAPS, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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Neupane D, Lohaus RH, Solomon JKQ, Cushman JC. Realizing the Potential of Camelina sativa as a Bioenergy Crop for a Changing Global Climate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060772. [PMID: 35336654 PMCID: PMC8951600 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. is an annual oilseed crop within the Brassicaceae family. C. sativa has been grown since as early as 4000 BCE. In recent years, C. sativa received increased attention as a climate-resilient oilseed, seed meal, and biofuel (biodiesel and renewable or green diesel) crop. This renewed interest is reflected in the rapid rise in the number of peer-reviewed publications (>2300) containing “camelina” from 1997 to 2021. An overview of the origins of this ancient crop and its genetic diversity and its yield potential under hot and dry growing conditions is provided. The major biotic barriers that limit C. sativa production are summarized, including weed control, insect pests, and fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. Ecosystem services provided by C. sativa are also discussed. The profiles of seed oil and fatty acid composition and the many uses of seed meal and oil are discussed, including food, fodder, fuel, industrial, and medical benefits. Lastly, we outline strategies for improving this important and versatile crop to enhance its production globally in the face of a rapidly changing climate using molecular breeding, rhizosphere microbiota, genetic engineering, and genome editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurba Neupane
- MS330/Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (D.N.); (R.H.L.)
| | - Richard H. Lohaus
- MS330/Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (D.N.); (R.H.L.)
| | - Juan K. Q. Solomon
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary & Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
| | - John C. Cushman
- MS330/Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (D.N.); (R.H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-775-784-1918
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Juodka R, Juskiene V, Juska R, Leikus R, Stankeviciene D, Kadziene G, Nainiene R. The effect of dietary hemp and camelina cakes on liver fatty acid profile of ducks. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2044332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robertas Juodka
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Juskiene
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Remigijus Juska
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Raimondas Leikus
- Department of Animal Feeding and Feedstuffs, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Stankeviciene
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Gitana Kadziene
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Nainiene
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Baisogala, Lithuania
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Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) as Feedstuffs in Meat Type Poultry Diet: A Source of Protein and n-3 Fatty Acids. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030295. [PMID: 35158619 PMCID: PMC8833380 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the main problems in poultry production is to find more sustainable feed protein sources, other than the most widely used soya bean meal. An alternative protein source could be the underexploited oilseed crop camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz), which is mostly grown for biodiesel production, but is also characterized by disease and pest resistance, tolerance to cold weather, drought and low fertility soil. This review presents the nutritive value of camelina seeds, oil and cake (a by-product of biodiesel production), and their effect on the growth performance and fatty acid profile of muscles and liver in meat type poultry. The research results indicated that supplementation of poultry diets with camelina feedstuffs beneficially modified the fatty acid composition of meat and liver. The ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased, whereas the content of α-linolenic and long-chain n-3 PUFA increased in poultry tissues. Abstract Camelina seed or seed processing derivatives, i.e., cake, are cheap alternative protein feed ingredients for meat type poultry. Camelina is an oilseed crop containing 36.8% oil in seeds, while in the cake the oil content accounts for 6.4–22.7%. If compared with other Brassicaceae family plants, camelina is distinguished by a unique fatty acid composition, because the content of α-linolenic fatty acid (C18:3n-3; ALA) varies from 25.9 to 36.7% of total fatty acids. The total tocopherol content in camelina oil and cake are, respectively, 751–900 and 687 mg/kg. Addition of camelina to poultry nutrition increases the amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in poultry meat and liver. The content of ALA in chicken muscles increases by 1.3–4.4, 2.4–2.9 and 2.3–7.2 times after supplementing chicken diets with, respectively, camelina cake (8–24%), seed (10%), and oil (2.5–6.9%) in comparison with the control group. Camelina cake (5–25%), seed (10%) and oil (2.5–4%) inclusion in chicken diets results in 1.5–3.9 times higher total n-3 PUFA content in muscles and liver. Meanwhile, supplementation of chicken diets with camelina oil (4–6.9%), seed (5–10%) and cake (5–25%) results in, respectively, a 1.8–8.4, 1.6–1.9 and 1.3–2.9 times lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in muscles, and 3.29 times lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the liver. After inclusion of different amounts of camelina cake in chicken diets, a healthy for human nutrition n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio from 1.6 to 2.9 was found in chicken muscles.
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Puzio I, Graboś D, Bieńko M, Radzki RP, Nowakiewicz A, Kosior-Korzecka U. Camelina Oil Supplementation Improves Bone Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats. ANIMALS : AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI 2021; 11:ani11051343. [PMID: 34065038 PMCID: PMC8150831 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of administration of Camelina sativa oil (CO) as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on bone parameters in ovariectomized rats (OVX). Overall, 40 10-week-old healthy female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 animals in each. Rats in the control group (SHO) were subjected to a sham operation, whereas experimental rats (OVX) were ovariectomized. After a 7-day recovery period, the SHO the rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline for the next 6 weeks. The OVX rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline (OVX-PhS), 5 g/kg BW (OVX-CO5), or 9 g/kg BW (OVX-CO9) of camelina oil. The use of camelina oil had a significant effect on body weight, lean mass, and fat mass. The camelina oil administration suppressed the decrease in the values of some densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters of femur caused by estrogen deficiency. The CO treatment increased significantly the serum level of osteocalcin and decreased the serum level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in the OVX rats. In conclusion, camelina oil exerts a positive osteotropic effect by inhibiting ovariectomy-induced adverse changes in bones. Camelina oil supplementation can be used as an efficient method for improving bone health in a disturbed state. However, further research must be carried out on other animal species supplemented with the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Puzio
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Graboś
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Marek Bieńko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Radosław P. Radzki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Urszula Kosior-Korzecka
- Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (U.K.-K.)
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Lolli S, Grilli G, Ferrari L, Battelli G, Pozzo S, Galasso I, Russo R, Brasca M, Reggiani R, Ferrante V. Effect of Different Percentage of Camelina sativa Cake in Laying Hens Diet: Performance, Welfare, and Eggshell Quality. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081396. [PMID: 32796606 PMCID: PMC7459675 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nowadays, it is of primary importance to find alternative and sustainable protein sources for animal feeding, taking into account environmental sustainability and animal welfare and production. Camelina sativa, as an alternative source of protein in animal feeding, seems to be a good candidate, but its use is limited by the presence of antinutritional compounds. In this study, a camelina breeding line with a low level of glucosinolates was tested for 31 weeks, in order to verify if the inclusion of up to 20% of camelina cake, in the diet of laying hens, could have an adverse effect on the production performance, eggshell quality, and animal welfare and health. Results demonstrated that the performance was maintained, as well as health and welfare, while eggshell quality slightly improved when hens got older. Abstract Although camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is a good source of protein, antioxidants, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, its antinutritional compounds limit its use in animal feeding. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of feeding laying hens with up to 20% of camelina cake from a breeding line containing a low level of glucosinolates on performance, welfare, and eggshell quality. Two hundred and forty Hy-Line® hens from 18 to 51 weeks of age were divided into three treatments: control (C), camelina cake 10% (CAM10), and camelina cake 20% (CAM20). Egg number was recorded daily, while egg weight, feed consumption, and mortality were recorded weekly. At 24 and 43 weeks of hen age, shell resistance to fracture was measured. Our results demonstrate no detrimental effects for CAM10 and CAM20 diets on feed intake, growth performance, and welfare. No difference in egg production was detected among the diets. The significant (p < 0.05) interaction of diet and age factors suggest that the addition of camelina cake, up to 20%, likely protects the eggshell of older hens. Our findings confirm that camelina cake might be an alternative and sustainable protein source for hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Lolli
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Guido Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Ferrari
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Giovanna Battelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (S.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Sara Pozzo
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (S.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Incoronata Galasso
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (I.G.); (R.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (I.G.); (R.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Milena Brasca
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (S.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Remo Reggiani
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (I.G.); (R.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Valentina Ferrante
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.L.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Anca G, Hăbeanu M, Lefter NA, Ropotă M. Performance Parameters, Plasma Lipid Status, and Lymphoid Tissue Fatty Acid Profile of Broiler Chicks Fed Camelina Cake. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Anca
- National Research & Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Romania
| | - M Hăbeanu
- National Research & Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Romania
| | - NA Lefter
- National Research & Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Romania
| | - M Ropotă
- National Research & Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Romania
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Panak Balentić J, Jozinović A, Ačkar Đ, Babić J, Miličević B, Benšić M, Jokić S, Šarić A, Šubarić D. Nutritionally improved third generation snacks produced by supercritical CO
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extrusion I. Physical and sensory properties. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Panak Balentić
- Faculty of Food Technology OsijekJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Antun Jozinović
- Faculty of Food Technology OsijekJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Đurđica Ačkar
- Faculty of Food Technology OsijekJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Jurislav Babić
- Faculty of Food Technology OsijekJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Borislav Miličević
- Faculty of Food Technology OsijekJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Mirta Benšić
- Department of MathematicsJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology OsijekJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Antonija Šarić
- Faculty of Food Technology OsijekJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
| | - Drago Šubarić
- Faculty of Food Technology OsijekJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek Croatia
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Brown TD, Hori TS, Xue X, Ye CL, Anderson DM, Rise ML. Functional Genomic Analysis of the Impact of Camelina (Camelina sativa) Meal on Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Distal Intestine Gene Expression and Physiology. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:418-35. [PMID: 27255337 PMCID: PMC4911373 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of plant meals in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon can elicit inflammatory responses in the distal intestine (DI). For the present work, fish were fed a standard fish meal (FM) diet or a diet with partial replacement of FM with solvent-extracted camelina meal (CM) (8, 16, or 24 % CM inclusion) during a 16-week feeding trial. A significant decrease in growth performance was seen in fish fed all CM inclusion diets (Hixson et al. in Aquacult Nutr 22:615-630, 2016). A 4x44K oligonucleotide microarray experiment was carried out and significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) and rank products (RP) methods were used to identify differentially expressed genes between the DIs of fish fed the 24 % CM diet and those fed the FM diet. Twelve features representing six known transcripts and two unknowns were identified as CM responsive by both SAM and RP. The six known transcripts (including thioredoxin and ependymin), in addition to tgfb, mmp13, and GILT, were studied using qPCR with RNA templates from all four experimental diet groups. All six microarray-identified genes were confirmed to be CM responsive, as was tgfb and mmp13. Histopathological analyses identified signs of inflammation in the DI of salmon fed CM-containing diets, including lamina propria and sub-epithelial mucosa thickening, infiltration of eosinophilic granule cells, increased goblet cells and decreased enterocyte vacuolization. All of these were significantly altered in 24 % CM compared to all other diets, with the latter two also altered in 16 % CM compared with 8 % CM and control diet groups. Significant correlation was seen between histological parameters as well as between five of the qPCR analyzed genes and histological parameters. These molecular biomarkers of inflammation arising from long-term dietary CM exposure will be useful in the development of CM-containing diets that do not have deleterious effects on salmon growth or physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Brown
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Tiago S Hori
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Chang Lin Ye
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada, B2N 5E3
| | - Derek M Anderson
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada, B2N 5E3
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
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Adhikari P, Heo J, Nyachoti C. Standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in camelina (Camelina sativa) meal fed to growing pigs without or phytase supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) liver transcriptome response to diets containing Camelina sativa products. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2015; 14:1-15. [PMID: 25681993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to increasing demand for fish oil (FO) and fish meal (FM) in aquafeeds, more sustainable alternatives such as plant-derived oils and proteins are needed. Camelina sativa products are viable feed ingredients given the high oil and crude protein content in the seed. Atlantic salmon were fed diets with complete or partial replacement of FO and/or FM with camelina oil (CO) and/or camelina meal (CM) in a 16-week trial [Control diet: FO; Test diets: 100% CO replacement of FO (100CO), or 100CO with solvent-extracted FM (100COSEFM), 10% CM (100CO10CM), or SEFM+10% CM (100COSEFM10CM)]. Diet composition, growth, and fatty acid analyses for this feeding trial were published previously. A 44K microarray experiment identified liver transcripts that responded to 100COSEFM10CM (associated with reduced growth) compared to controls, yielding 67 differentially expressed features (FDR<5%). Ten microarray-identified genes [cpt1, pcb, bar, igfbp-5b (2 paralogues), btg1, dnph1, lect-2, clra, klf9, and fadsd6a], and three additional genes involved in lipid metabolism [elovl2, elovl5 (2 paralogues), and fadsd5], were subjected to QPCR with liver templates from all 5 dietary treatments. Of the microarray-identified genes, only bar was not QPCR validated. Both igfbp-5b paralogues were significantly down-regulated, and fadsd6a was significantly up-regulated, in all 4 camelina-containing diet groups compared with controls. Multivariate statistics were used to correlate hepatic desaturase and elongase gene expression data with tissue fatty acid profiles, indicating the involvement of these genes in LC-PUFA biosynthesis. This nutrigenomic study provides molecular biomarkers for use in developing novel aquafeeds using camelina products.
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Tuziak SM, Rise ML, Volkoff H. An investigation of appetite-related peptide transcript expression in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) brain following a Camelina sativa meal-supplemented feeding trial. Gene 2014; 550:253-63. [PMID: 25151310 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Camelina sativa is a hardy oilseed crop with seeds that contain high levels of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and protein, which are critical components of fish feed. Camelina might thus be used as a cheaper and more sustainable supplement to fish-based products in aquaculture. Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, is a species of interest in the aquaculture industry due to a decrease in wild populations and subsequent collapse of some cod fisheries. As cod are carnivorous fish, it is necessary to determine how this species physiologically tolerates plant-based diets. In this study, juvenile Atlantic cod were subjected to 13 weeks of either 15 or 30% camelina meal (CM)-supplemented diets or a control fish meal feed. Growth and food intake were evaluated and the mRNA expression of appetite-related hormones [pro-melanin-concentrating hormone (pmch), hypocretin (synonym: orexin, hcrt), neuropeptide Y (npy) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart)] was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR in brain regions related to food intake regulation (telencephalon/preoptic area, optic tectum/thalamus and hypothalamus). CM inclusion diets caused decreases in both growth and food intake in Atlantic cod. Optic tectum pmch transcript expression was significantly higher in fish fed the 30% CM diet compared to fish fed the 15% CM diet. In the hypothalamus, compared to fish fed the control diet, hcrt expression was significantly higher in fish fed the 30% CM diet, while npy transcript expression was significantly higher in fish fed the 15% CM diet. cart mRNA expression was not affected by diet in any brain region. Further studies are needed to determine which factors (e.g. anti-nutritional factors, palatability and nutritional deficits) contribute to reduced feed intake and growth, as well as the maximum CM inclusion level that does not negatively influence feed intake, growth rate and the transcript expression of appetite-related factors in Atlantic cod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Tuziak
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B-3X9, Canada.
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B-3X9, Canada
| | - Hélène Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B-3X9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B-3X9, Canada
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Kakani R, Fowler J, Haq AU, Murphy EJ, Rosenberger TA, Berhow M, Bailey CA. Camelina meal increases egg n-3 fatty acid content without altering quality or production in laying hens. Lipids 2012; 47:519-26. [PMID: 22302480 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Camelina sativa is an oilseed plant rich in n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and extruding the seeds results in high protein meal (*40%) containing high levels of n-3 fatty acids. In this study, we examined the effects of feeding extruded defatted camelina meal to commercial laying hens, measuring egg production, quality, and fatty acid composition. Lohmann White Leghorn hens (29 weeks old) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatment groups (n = 25 per group) and data was collected over a 12 week production period. All the treatment groups were fed a corn soy based experimental diet containing 0% (control), 5, or 10% extruded camelina meal. We found no significant differences in percent hen-day egg production and feed consumed per dozen eggs. Egg shell strength was significantly higher in both camelina groups compared to the controls. Egg total n-3 fatty acid content increased 1.9- and 2.7-fold in 5 and 10% camelina groups respectively relative to the control. A similar increase in DHA content also occurred. Further camelina meal did not alter glucosinolate levels and no detectable glucosinolates or metabolic product isothiocyanates were found in the eggs from either the 5 or 10% camelina groups. These results indicate that camelina meal is a viable dietary source of n-3 fatty acids for poultry and its dietary inclusion results in eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Kakani
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, Kleberg Center, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA.
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Vahvaselkä M, Laakso S. Production of cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid in camelina meal and okara by an oat-assisted microbial process. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2479-82. [PMID: 20088592 DOI: 10.1021/jf903383x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A method to obtain cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) into camelina meal and okara, the byproducts of plant oil processing, is described. The triacylglycerols in these materials were hydrolyzed with the aid of lipolytically active oat flour for 3 weeks at a water activity of 0.70. The resulting free linoleic acid was then isomerized predominantly to c9,t11-CLA by resting cells of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii in 5% aqueous camelina meal and okara slurries. In camelina meal slurries, c9,t11-CLA content after 21 h of fermentation was 0.83 mg/mL and 96 mg/g of total lipids. In okara slurries, the content of c9,t11-CLA was 1.1 mg/mL and 78 mg/g of total lipids. Doubling the hydrolysis time in okara increased the subsequent content of c9,t11-CLA to 1.4 mg/mL, corresponding to 110 mg/g of total lipids. After isomerization, CLA was concentrated into a particulate material of the slurries by acidification. The results suggest that the method is applicable to a wide spectrum of lipid-containing plant materials to further increase their nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjatta Vahvaselkä
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, Post Office Box 6100, FI-02015 TKK Espoo, Finland.
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Cherian G, Campbell A, Parker T. Egg quality and lipid composition of eggs from hens fed Camelina sativa. J APPL POULTRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2008-00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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