1
|
Wang Y, Zhao Y, Tang X, Nan X, Jiang L, Wang H, Liu J, Yang L, Yao J, Xiong B. Nutrition, gastrointestinal microorganisms and metabolites in mastitis occurrence and control. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:220-231. [PMID: 38800734 PMCID: PMC11126769 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis affects almost all mammals including humans and dairy cows. In the dairy industry, bovine mastitis is a disease with a persistently high incidence, causing serious losses to the health of cows, the quality of dairy products, and the economy of dairy farms. Although local udder infection caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens into the mammary gland was considered the main cause of mastitis, evidence has been established and continues to grow, showing that nutrition factors and gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) as well as their metabolites are also involved in the development of mammary inflammatory response. Suboptimal nutrition is recognized as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to mastitis in cattle, in particular the negative energy balance. The majority of data regarding nutrition and bovine mastitis involves micronutrients. In addition, the dysbiotic GM can directly trigger or aggravate mastitis through entero-mammary gland pathway. The decreased beneficial commensal bacteria, lowered bacterial diversity, and increased pathogens as well as proinflammatory metabolites are found in both the milk and gastrointestinal tract of mastitic dairy cows. This review discussed the relationship between the nutrition (energy and micronutrient levels) and mastitis, summarized the role of GM and metabolites in regulating mastitis. Meanwhile, several non-antibiotics strategies were provided for the prevention and alleviation of mastitis, including micronutrients, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids, high-fiber diet, inulin, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He Z, Dong H. The roles of short-chain fatty acids derived from colonic bacteria fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates and exogenous forms in ameliorating intestinal mucosal immunity of young ruminants. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291846. [PMID: 38149240 PMCID: PMC10750390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are a class of organic fatty acids that consist of 1 to 6 carbons in length. They are primary end-products which arise from non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) fermentation of colonic bacteria. They are the fundamental energy sources for post-weaning ruminants. SCFA represent the major carbon flux of diet through the gut microbiota to the host. They also play a vital role in regulating cell expansion and gene expression of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Recently, remarkable progresses have been made in understanding the immunomodulatory effects of SCFA and their interactions with the host. The processes involved in this study encompassed inflammasome activation, proliferation of lymphocytes, and maturation of intestinal mucosal immunity maturation. It is important to note that the establishment and maturation of intestinal mucosal immune system are intricately connected to the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Thus, insights into the role of SCFA in enteric mucosal immunoreaction of calves will enhance our understanding of their various regulatory functions. This review aims to analyze recent evidence on the role of SCFA as essential signaling molecules between gut microbiota and animal health. Additionally, we provide a summary of current literature on SCFA in intestinal mucosal immune responses of dairy calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Dong
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramesh V, Gollavilli PN, Pinna L, Siddiqui MA, Turtos AM, Napoli F, Antonelli Y, Leal-Egaña A, Havelund JF, Jakobsen ST, Boiteux EL, Volante M, Faergeman NJ, Jensen ON, Siersbaek R, Somyajit K, Ceppi P. Propionate reinforces epithelial identity and reduces aggressiveness of lung carcinoma. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17836. [PMID: 37766669 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a central role in the development of cancer metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. However, its pharmacological treatment remains challenging. Here, we used an EMT-focused integrative functional genomic approach and identified an inverse association between short-chain fatty acids (propionate and butanoate) and EMT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Remarkably, treatment with propionate in vitro reinforced the epithelial transcriptional program promoting cell-to-cell contact and cell adhesion, while reducing the aggressive and chemo-resistant EMT phenotype in lung cancer cell lines. Propionate treatment also decreased the metastatic potential and limited lymph node spread in both nude mice and a genetic NSCLC mouse model. Further analysis revealed that chromatin remodeling through H3K27 acetylation (mediated by p300) is the mechanism underlying the shift toward an epithelial state upon propionate treatment. The results suggest that propionate administration has therapeutic potential in reducing NSCLC aggressiveness and warrants further clinical testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU-Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paradesi Naidu Gollavilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU-Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luisa Pinna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Aarif Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Adriana Martinez Turtos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Francesca Napoli
- Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Yasmin Antonelli
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aldo Leal-Egaña
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jesper Foged Havelund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Toftholm Jakobsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elisa Le Boiteux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology at San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nils Joakim Faergeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Siersbaek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kumar Somyajit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paolo Ceppi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU-Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shao P, Sha Y, Liu X, He Y, Guo X, Hu J, Wang J, Li S, Zhu C, Chen G, Li W. Astragalus additive in feed improved serum immune function, rumen fermentation and the microbiota structure of early-weaned lambs. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad278. [PMID: 37994654 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of Astragalus activity on the immune function, rumen microbiota structure, and rumen fermentation of early-weaned lambs. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty healthy early-weaned lambs with similar body weights (17.42 ± 2.02 kg) were selected for the feeding experiment. The control group (KB) was fed a basal diet, and the Astragalus group (HQ) was fed 0.3% Astragalus additive on the basis of a basic diet. The formal trial period was 60 days. The results showed that the concentrations of blood immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the HQ group were significantly higher than those in the KB group (P < 0.05). Compared with the KB group, the concentrations of acetic acid, butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the HQ group were higher (P < 0.01). The expression levels of the rumen epithelial-related genes MCT1, MCT4, NHE2, and ZO1 in the Astragalus group were significantly higher than those in the KB group (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA analysis showed that at the phylum level, Bacteroidetes in the HQ group significantly increased (P < 0.01); at the genus level, Prevotella (P < 0.01) and Succiniclasticum (P < 0.01) in the HQ group were found at significantly higher abundances than those in the KB group, and the results of microbiota gene and function prediction showed that "energy metabolism," "glycan biosynthesis and metabolic" pathways were significantly enriched in the HQ group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION As a feed additive, Astragalus can improve the immunity of early-weaned lambs, the structure of the rumen microbiota of lambs, and the fermentation capacity of the rumen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuzhu Sha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanyu He
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Caiye Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guoshun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu T, Wang Q, Gao C, Long S, He T, Wu Z, Chen Z. Drinking Warm Water Promotes Performance by Regulating Ruminal Microbial Composition and Serum Metabolites in Yak Calves. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2092. [PMID: 37630652 PMCID: PMC10459242 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Yaks live in the harsh environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the cold climate causes lower growth efficiency. The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of drinking warm water on the growth performance in yak calves and investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms. A total of 24 Datong yak calves were selected and randomly assigned into the cold water group (group C, water temperature around 0-10 °C without any heating; 58.03 ± 3.111 kg) and the warm water group (group W, water constantly heated at 2 °C; 59.62 ± 2.771 kg). After the 60-day experiment, body weight was measured, and rumen fluid and blood serum samples were collected for analysis. The results show that the body weight and average daily gain of yaks that drank warm water were higher compared to those that drank cold water (p < 0.05). The acetic, propionic, isobutyric, valeric, and isovaleric acid concentrations were higher in group W than in group C (p < 0.05). Additionally, warm water changed the ruminal microbes at different levels. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Tenericutes, Kiritimatiellaeota, and Elusimicrobiota was higher in group C (p < 0.05). At the genus level, three genera were increased by warm water, including Ruminococcoides and Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis, and 12 genera were decreased, including Ruminococcus (p < 0.05). At the species level, unclassified Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcoides bili were increased by warm water compared to cold water (p < 0.05). According to the metabolomics results, metabolites, including valine, isoleucine, PC (15:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)), and LysoPC (18:0/0:0), were increased in the warm water group compared to the cold water group (p < 0.05), and were enriched in glycerophospholipid and amino acid metabolism pathways. This study analyzed the differences in ruminal microbes and metabolomes of yak calves provided with water at different temperatures and revealed the potential mechanism for better performance promoted by warm drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (Q.W.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (T.H.); (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee-Rangel HA, Mendoza-Martinez GD, Martínez-García JA, Espinosa-Ayala E, Hernández-García PA, Cifuentes-López RO, Vazquez-Valladolid A, García-López JC, Lara-Bueno A, Roque-Jiménez JA. An Indian polyherbal phytogenic source improved blood serum biochemistry and immune response of dairy calves. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.2024150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Aaron Lee-Rangel
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - German David Mendoza-Martinez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Martínez-García
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Espinosa-Ayala
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Amecameca, México
| | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos García-López
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sánchez N, Lee-Rangel HA, Martínez-Cortés I, Mendoza GD, Hernández PA, Espinoza E, Vazque Valladolid A, Flores Ramírez R, Roque-Jimenez A, Campillo-Navarro M, Relling AE. A polyherbal phytogenic additive improved growth performance, health, and immune response in dairy calves. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1967296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nallely Sánchez
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, CIACYT Laboratorio Nacional. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Hector A. Lee-Rangel
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, CIACYT Laboratorio Nacional. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - German D. Mendoza
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Enrique Espinoza
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Anayeli Vazque Valladolid
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, CIACYT Laboratorio Nacional. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Rogelio Flores Ramírez
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, CIACYT Laboratorio Nacional. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Alejandro Roque-Jimenez
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, CIACYT Laboratorio Nacional. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Alejandro E. Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, OARDC, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Comparative lipidomics profiling of donkey milk with cow and human milk by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Vrzáčková N, Ruml T, Zelenka J. Postbiotics, Metabolic Signaling, and Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061528. [PMID: 33799580 PMCID: PMC8000401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are health-promoting microbial metabolites delivered as a functional food or a food supplement. They either directly influence signaling pathways of the body or indirectly manipulate metabolism and the composition of intestinal microflora. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and even though the prognosis of patients is improving, it is still poor in the substantial part of the cases. The preventable nature of cancer and the importance of a complex multi-level approach in anticancer therapy motivate the search for novel avenues of establishing the anticancer environment in the human body. This review summarizes the principal findings demonstrating the usefulness of both natural and synthetic sources of postbotics in the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, the effects of crude cell-free supernatants, the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, lactic acid, hydrogen sulfide, and β-glucans are described. Contradictory roles of postbiotics in healthy and tumor tissues are highlighted. In conclusion, the application of postbiotics is an efficient complementary strategy to combat cancer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Nan X, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Wang M, Wang H, Zhang F, Xue F, Hua D, Liu J, Yao J, Xiong B. Rumen microbiome structure and metabolites activity in dairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:36. [PMID: 33557959 PMCID: PMC7869221 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the high prevalence and complex etiology, bovine mastitis (BM) is one of the most important diseases to compromise dairy cow health and milk quality. The shift in milk compositions has been widely investigated during mastitis, but recent studies suggested that gastrointestinal microorganism also has a crucial effect on the inflammation of other peripheral tissues and organs, including the mammary gland. However, research focused on the variation of rumen inner-environment during mastitis is still limited. Therefore, the ruminal microbial profiles, metabolites, and milk compositions in cows with different udder health conditions were compared in the present study. Furthermore, the correlations between udder health status and ruminal conditions were investigated. Based on the somatic cell counts (SCC), California mastitis test (CMT) parameters and clinical symptoms of mastitis, 60 lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body conditions (excepted for the udder health condition) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20 per group) including the healthy (H) group, the subclinical mastitis (SM) group and the clinical mastitis (CM) group. Lactation performance and rumen fermentation parameters were recorded. And rumen microbiota and metabolites were also analyzed via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. Results As the degree of mastitis increased, rumen lactic acid (LA) (P < 0.01), acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate (P < 0.001), and total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) (P < 0.01) concentrations were significantly decreased. In the rumen of CM cows, the significantly increased bacteria related to intestinal and oral inflammation, such as Lachnospiraceae (FDR-adjusted P = 0.039), Moraxella (FDR-adjusted P = 0.011) and Neisseriaceae (FDR-adjusted P = 0.036), etc., were accompanied by a significant increase in 12-oxo-20-dihydroxy-leukotriene B4 (FDR-adjusted P = 5.97 × 10− 9) and 10beta-hydroxy-6beta-isobutyrylfuranoeremophilane (FDR-adjusted P = 3.88 × 10− 10). Meanwhile, in the rumen of SM cows, the Ruminiclostridium_9 (FDR-adjusted P = 0.042) and Enterorhabdus (FDR-adjusted P = 0.043) were increased along with increasing methenamine (FDR-adjusted P = 6.95 × 10− 6), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (5-HMF) (FDR-adjusted P = 2.02 × 10− 6) and 6-methoxymellein (FDR-adjusted P = 2.57 × 10− 5). The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria and probiotics in rumen, including Prevoterotoella_1 (FDR-adjusted P = 0.045) and Bifidobacterium (FDR-adjusted P = 0.035), etc., were significantly reduced, with decreasing 2-phenylbutyric acid (2-PBA) (FDR-adjusted P = 4.37 × 10− 6). Conclusion The results indicated that there was a significant shift in the ruminal microflora and metabolites associated with inflammation and immune responses during CM. Moreover, in the rumen of cows affected by SM, the relative abundance of several opportunistic pathogens and the level of metabolites which could produce antibacterial compounds or had a competitive inhibitory effect were all increased. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-020-00543-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Mengling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fuguang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Dengke Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takemura K, Shingu H, Ikuta K, Sato S, Kushibiki S. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on growth performance, plasma metabolites and hormones, and rumen fermentation in Holstein calves during pre- and post-weaning periods. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13402. [PMID: 32512645 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) during the pre- and post-weaning periods on growth, metabolic and hormonal responses, and rumen fermentation in calves. Three-week-old Holstein calves were assigned to either control (n = 12) or SC group (n = 12), the latter of which received 2 × 109 cfu/day of SC. The experiment was conducted over a period of 7 weeks around weaning. Daily gain (DG) in the SC group was higher (p < .05) than that in the control group. In the SC group, plasma glucose, insulin, and growth hormone (GH) concentrations were higher (p < .05) and concentrations of glucagon and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) tended to be higher (p < .1) than in the control group. Proportion of rumen propionate and concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen at 10 weeks of age were greater (p < .05) in the SC group than that in the control group. Supplementation of SC around weaning may improve dietary nutrient and energy availability and increase plasma GH and IGF-1 concentrations. These changes observed in SC-supplemented calves could be closely related to the improvement of DG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takemura
- Yamagata Prefectural Syonai Livestock Hygiene Division, Yamagata, Mikawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shingu
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikuta
- Awaji Agricultural Technology Center, Minamiawaji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shiro Kushibiki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leão AE, Coelho SG, Azevedo RA, Campos MM, Machado FS, Laguna JG, Ferreira AL, Pereira LGR, Tomich TR, de Fátima Costa S, Machado MA, de Lima Reis DR. Effect of pelleted vs. ground starter with or without hay on preweaned dairy calves. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234610. [PMID: 32645008 PMCID: PMC7347148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the physical form of starter and inclusion of hay in the diet of preweaning dairy calves on performance, digestibility, ruminal development, and mRNA expression of genes involved in ruminal metabolism. Holstein × Gyr crossbred male calves (n = 38 1day old) were assigned to 3 treatments for 9 weeks: Control (n = 13; pellet starter with 4 mm diameter and 18 mm length and 4% steam-flaked corn), Ground (n = 12; same starter of the control but ground pass through a 4.0 mm sieve), or Ground plus 5% chopped Tifton hay GH (n = 13). All calves were fed 4 L/d of whole milk up to 63 d of age and were abruptly weaned at 64 d of age. Water and diets were offered ad libitum. Samples of ruminal contents were obtained from all animals at 30, 45, and 60 d of age to evaluate pH, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). At 55 d of age, an apparent digestibility assay was performed using 18 animals (n = 6/ treatment). At 65 d of age, the 18 animals were euthanized to evaluate the development of the digestive tract. The physical form of starter and the dietary inclusion of hay did not influence starter intake (Control 326 g/d, Ground 314 g/d and GH 365 g/d), daily weight gain (Control 541g/d, Ground 531g/d and GH 606g/d), feed efficiency, apparent nutrient digestibility, energy partitioning, nitrogen balance, ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, VFA, the development of the digestive tract and the mRNA expression of genes involved in AGV metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aloma Eiterer Leão
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra Gesteira Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Rafael Alves Azevedo
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Suely de Fátima Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Burakowska K, Górka P, Kent-Dennis C, Kowalski ZM, Laarveld B, Penner GB. Effect of heat-treated canola meal and glycerol inclusion on performance and gastrointestinal development of Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7998-8019. [PMID: 32622603 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of using heat-treated canola meal (CM) and glycerol inclusion in starter mixtures on starter intake, growth, and gastrointestinal tract development in Holstein bull calves. In the first study, a protocol for the heat treatment of CM was evaluated by comparing commercial CM that was exposed to 0, 100, 110, or 120°C of heat treatment for 10 min. Following heat treatment, in situ crude protein (CP) ruminal degradability and estimated intestinal CP digestibility were assessed. It was observed that the degradable fractions of dry matter and CP in CM decreased linearly with increasing temperature of heat treatment. The estimated intestinal CP digestibility was greatest when CM was heated to 110°C. In the second study, 28 bull calves were used in a randomized complete block design. Calves were fed pelleted starters containing CM or CM that was heat-treated to 110°C for 10 min. Diets also contained 0 or 5% glycerol on a dry matter basis. The study lasted 51 d, ending on the first day of weaning. Starter intake, average daily gain (ADG), ruminal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, morphology of the rumen and small intestine, gene expression (MCT1, GPR41, GPR43, UTB, AQP3, PEPT1, PEPT2, ATB0+, and EAAC1) in the ruminal, jejunal, and ileal epithelium, and brush border enzyme activities in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were investigated. Few interactions between heat-treated CM and glycerol inclusion were observed. Feeding heat-treated CM did not affect starter intake. However, feeding heat-treated CM to calves tended to reduce ADG and decreased the weight of ruminal and jejunal tissue. Heat treatment did not affect gene expression or brush border enzyme activities in the small intestine. Glycerol inclusion tended to increase cumulative starter intake and increased cumulative body weight gain. Use of glycerol reduced ruminal pH and increased the concentration of ruminal short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, glycerol inclusion increased abomasal, duodenal, jejunal, and cecal digesta weights and tended to increase the weight of the jejunal tissue. Glycerol supplementation tended to downregulate the expression of MCT1 in the ruminal epithelium, and upregulated the expression of MCT1 in the epithelium of proximal jejunum. In conclusion, heat treatment of CM may negatively affect calf growth and gastrointestinal tract development. Glycerol inclusion may increase starter intake, ADG, ruminal fermentation, and intestinal development in calves when CM is used as a main source of protein in pelleted starter mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Burakowska
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - P Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - C Kent-Dennis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Z M Kowalski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - B Laarveld
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|