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Abreu MJI, Cidrini IA, Ferreira IM, Batista LHC, Bisio GHM, França MQS, Reis IA, Rodrigues AN, Queiroz ACM, Neto JMC, Araújo DB, Porcionato MAF, Resende FD, Siqueira GR. Impact of 48-h water and feed deprivation and hydroxychloride sources of copper and zinc on the metabolism and performance of grazing Nellore cattle during the dry period. Animal 2024; 18:101084. [PMID: 38367312 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Procedures such as transport and marketing can subject animals to water and feed deprivation and impair animal health and performance. Maintaining the mineral status of animals under these conditions can bring benefits to health and performance. The use of hydroxychloride mineral sources can improve mineral status, nutrient digestibility and performance. Two studies were conducted to investigate how the supplementation of 02 trace mineral sources of Cu and Zn and 48-hour water/feed deprivation would affect the performance and metabolism of grass-fed beef cattle. In the first study, 20 castrated and rumen-canulated Nellore steers (BW = 350 ± 132 kg; 20 m) were distributed in individual pens, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: supplemental Cu and Zn sources from inorganic vs hydroxychloride (HTM) and 48-hours deprivation (WFD) vs unrestricted (WFU) access to water and feed. The 57d of study was divided into two periods: (1) Adaptation from -21d to -1d and (2) evaluation from 0d to 36d. Interaction between deprivation × period was detected (P < 0.05) for digestibility of DM (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD). Deprivation increased DMD, OMD, NDFD, and ADFD immediately after the deprivation period (3-5d), but impaired digestibility at longer periods such as 11-13d and 32-34d. DM (DMI) and nutrient intake (P = 0.075), as well as NDFD were higher in HTM. Several ruminal parameters were affected by deprivation: short-chain fatty acids concentration decreased, while rumen pH increased (deprivation × time; P < 0.05); decreased propionate, butyrate and increased isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate in WFD (deprivation × time; P < 0.05), respectively. In the second study, eighty-four intact Nellore males (BW = 260 ± 35 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu paddocks for 131d in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Liver Cu was higher in WFU/HTM animals (mineral × deprivation; P < 0.05). Interaction between deprivation × period (P < 0.05) was detected for BW and average daily gain (ADG). On 2d and 12d after deprivation, WFD increased ADG and recovered the BW lost. In conclusion, water and feed deprivation imposed in these trials were able to impact several nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation parameters in short- and long-term. Performance was not affected by the studied factors. Furthermore, supplementation with sources of Cu and Zn hydroxychloride increased Cu in the liver and tended to increase DMI and NDFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J I Abreu
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
| | - I A Cidrini
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - I M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - L H C Batista
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - G H M Bisio
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina 14770-000, SP, Brazil
| | - M Q S França
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina 14770-000, SP, Brazil
| | - I A Reis
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - A N Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - A C M Queiroz
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - J M C Neto
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - D B Araújo
- Selko Feed Additives, 3811 Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | | | - F D Resende
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina 14770-000, SP, Brazil
| | - G R Siqueira
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina 14770-000, SP, Brazil
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Nair PM, Srivastava R, Chaudhary P, Kuraichya P, Dhaigude V, Naliyapara HB, Mondal G, Mani V. Impact of zinc, copper, manganese and chromium supplementation on growth performance and blood metabolic profile of Sahiwal (Bos indicus) male calves. Biometals 2023; 36:1421-1439. [PMID: 37563359 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to see the effect of oral supplementation of specific trace minerals mixture on the growth, immunity, and reproductive development of indigenous growing bull calves. Eighteen Sahiwal bull calves, with an average age of 6 months were chosen and divided into three groups. Group 1 was fed with a basal diet, Group 2 was provided with an additional specific trace mineral supplement to achieve a diet containing 70 ppm of Zn, 17.50 ppm of Cu, 65 ppm of Mn, and 1.75 ppm of Cr. Group 3 received a 25% extra supplement to achieve a diet containing 87.50 ppm of Zn, 21.87 ppm of Cu, 81.25 ppm of Mn, and 2.18 ppm of Cr. The experiment was carried out for a total of 180 days. According to the findings, there was no significant impact of specific trace minerals supplementation on the animals' body weight, morphometric parameters, dry matter intake, average daily gain, nutritional value, digestibility and nitrogen retention. However, higher levels of Zn, Cu, and Mn led to increased (p < 0.05) total retention, while Cr retention remained the same. Serum mineral concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Mn increased significantly (p < 0.05) in G2 and G3 compared to the G1 group while Ca, P, and Cr had no significant change. Blood plasma glucose, albumin, globulin, and total protein showed no significant differences. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity improved significantly (p < 0.05) in G2 and G3 but alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and IGF-1 remained unchanged. Superoxide dismutase activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and total immunoglobulin concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) in G2 and G3 groups, however, catalase activity and IgG count did not change among the groups. Mineral-supplemented groups (G2 and G3) showed a significant change (p < 0.05) in testosterone production during the 120th and the 180th day of the trial. Scrotal circumference and temperature gradient of the scrotal surface did not show any significant change. Supplementing growing bull calves with specific trace minerals above the basal level (70, 17.50, 65 and 1.75 ppm of Zn, Cu, Mn and Cr) has no direct beneficial effect on the growth parameters but can have positive effects on their antioxidant status, immunity and reproductive development as the related blood parameters were positively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth M Nair
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rashika Srivastava
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Chaudhary
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Parul Kuraichya
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vaibhav Dhaigude
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - H B Naliyapara
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Goutam Mondal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Veena Mani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
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Ghassemi Nejad J, Vakili R, Sobhani E, Sangari M, Mokhtarpour A, Hosseini Ghafari SA. Worldwide Research Trends for Chelates in Animal Science: A Bibliometric Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2374. [PMID: 37508152 PMCID: PMC10376876 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to look at research trends in the application of CTM in animal nutrition in order to identify current and emerging challenges, as well as to examine the intellectual structure of the subject. The intellectual structure of CTM was examined using keyword and reference analysis. The research community includes all research and review articles published in journals indexed in the Web of Science database during the years 1990-2022. The results showed that the terms zinc, co-occurring 331 times, performance (324 times), and copper 216 (times) were the main and hotspots of research in the field of chelate. The data suggest that the most important keywords during the study period were zinc, copper, pig, bovine, metabolism, and bioavailability. The terms health, muscle, beef, trace elements, and dietary supplements represent emerging topics in CTM, as research began to focus on these areas during the years 2017-2022. The country with the greatest number of published articles was the United States of America. This bibliometric analysis showed that countries are focusing on the effects of CTM on the health and musculature of cattle through dietary supplementation with trace elements. According to the identified hot and emerging topics, this research can serve as a roadmap for a global comprehensive scientific plan and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Reza Vakili
- Department of Animal Science, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar 7635168111, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sobhani
- Department of Animal Science, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar 7635168111, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sangari
- Department Library and Information Science, University of Birjand, Birjand 9717434765, Iran
| | - Amir Mokhtarpour
- Special Domestic Animals Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol 9861335856, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini Ghafari
- The Agricultural Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Resource Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ARTS), University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Wenner B, Park T, Mitchell K, Kvidera S, Griswold K, Horst E, Baumgard L. Effect of zinc source (zinc sulfate or zinc hydroxychloride) on relative abundance of fecal Treponema spp. in lactating dairy cows. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:334-338. [PMID: 36340900 PMCID: PMC9623701 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cows (n = 24) were fed typical lactating diets that only differed in zinc source inclusion. Fecal samples collected from cows were extracted for prokaryotic 16S gene DNA. Feeding zinc hydroxychloride decreased the Treponema spp. recovered from fecal samples compared with cows fed zinc sulfate.
Previous research revealed a potential effect of dietary trace mineral source on both ruminal and fecal microbiota. However, the effect of Zn source, specifically, has not previously been considered. Based on reported postruminal solubility, we hypothesized that Zn hydroxychloride would decrease Treponema spp. fecal excretion relative to cows fed Zn sulfate. To test this hypothesis, lactating Holstein cows (n = 24; 685 ± 9 kg of body weight; 159 ± 8 d in milk; parity 3 ± 0.2) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: control (75 mg/kg Zn from ZnSO4) or Zn hydroxychloride (HYD; 75 mg/kg IntelliBond Z; Micronutrients USA LLC). Single fecal grab samples were collected on d 1 before dietary treatments and on d 27 after dietary treatments were applied. Fecal microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced to establish taxonomy using a universal primer for the 16S rRNA gene. Supplementation of HYD decreased the relative abundance of Treponema 2 by 3-fold (14.7% vs. 4.9%). Poor sequencing resolution at the species level limited inference of Treponema spp. toward management or gut health implications of HYD supplementation. However, the inclusion of pathogenic species among Treponema spp. indicates a potential implication of HYD feeding to reduce environmental exposure of the dairy cow to Treponema spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.A. Wenner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
- Corresponding author
| | - T. Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - K. Mitchell
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | | | | | - E.A. Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - L.H. Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Trace mineral source influences digestion, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal copper, zinc, and manganese distribution in steers fed a diet suitable for lactating dairy cows. Animal 2022; 16:100500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Pal RP, Mani V, Mir SH, Sharma A, Sarkar S. Comparative effect of zinc supplementation by hydroxy and inorganic sources on nutrient utilisation, mineral balance, growth performance and growth biomarkers in pre-ruminant calves. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 75:435-449. [PMID: 35109726 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.2007692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn), an important microelement in ruminant diet, plays a critical role in various enzymes, hormones and functional proteins involved in nutrient metabolism. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of zinc hydroxychloride (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O [ZnOHCl] and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) on nutrient utilisation, mineral metabolism and biomarkers pertaining to growth performance in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Twenty-four crossbred calves [body weight (BW); 31.03 ± 4.30 kg; age 10 d] were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (n = 6), i.e. no supplementation of Zn (0 mg/kg dry matter [DM]), 80 mg/kg DM Zn as ZnSO4(ZnS-80), 40 mg/kg DM Zn as ZnOHCl (ZnH-40) and 80 mg/kg DM Zn as ZnOHCl (ZnH-80) for 90 d experimental period. Results showed that dietary Zn supplementation improved (p < 0.05) feed intake, BW, average daily gain, heart girth, body length, plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and thyroxin concentration; however, nutrient digestibility remained unaffected among the groups. Addition of Zn increased (p < 0.05) Zn retention and plasma Zn concentration without affecting retention and plasma concentration of other minerals. Retention of Zn was the highest in ZnH-80 group followed by ZnH-40, ZnS-80 and lowest in control group. Overall results of the present study indicate that regardless of sources and levels, Zn supplementation increased growth performance, plasma Zn concentration and hormones levels in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. However, supplementation of hydroxy Zn at 40 mg/kg DM had similar effect as produced by ZnSO4 or ZnOHCl at a supplementation level of 80 mg/kg DM. Therefore, from the present study it can be concluded that ZnOHCl can be used as a Zn source for pre-ruminant calves at a lower dose compared to ZnSO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash Pal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India.,Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Veena Mani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
| | - Shahid Hassan Mir
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
| | - Srobana Sarkar
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, India
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Lee C, Copelin JE, Socha MT. Effect of zinc sources and experimental conditions on zinc balance in growing wethers. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac005. [PMID: 35198860 PMCID: PMC8859999 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted with growing wethers to evaluate apparent excretion and retention of Zn from various sources. In experiments 1 and 2, Zn-ethylene diamine (ZE), Zn hydroxychloride (ZHYD), Zn-lysine/glutamate (ZAA), and Zn-glycinate (ZG) were used and ZnSO4 (ZS), ZHYD, ZAA, and ZG were used in experiment 3. In experiment 1, eight wethers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. In experiments 2 and 3, 40 wethers were used in a randomized block design. In experiment 1, each period (total four periods) consisted of 14-d diet adaptation and 4 d of total collection of feces and urine. In experiments 2 and 3, wethers received a basal diet for 14 d and received experimental diets for 9 d (diet adaptation), followed by 4 d of total collection of feces and urine. Total collection was conducted in wooden metabolic cages. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS as a Latin square design for experiment 1 and a completed randomized block design for experiments 2 and 3. In all experiments, dry matter intake did not differ among treatments except that it tended to be different in experiment 2. In experiment 1, no difference in Zn excretion (88%) and retention (11%) as proportion of Zn intake was observed among Zn sources. In experiment 2, total tract digestibility of crude protein was greater (P < 0.01) for ZAA than ZE and ZG (82.0% vs. 79.1% and 77.8%, respectively) and greater (P < 0.01) for ZHYD than ZG (80.2% vs. 77.8%). However, total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was low (on average 16%) for all treatments with no difference among treatments in experiment 2. Apparent excretion and retention of Zn as proportion of Zn intake did not differ among treatments, and Zn retention (~1.4% of Zn intake) was very low for all treatments. In experiment 3, ZHYD and ZAA had greater retention of Zn (17.8% vs. 1.5%; P = 0.01) than ZG. Fecal Zn excretion was greater (97.3% vs. 81.2%; P = 0.01) for ZG vs. ZHYD and ZAA, and Zn retention for ZG was only 1.5% of Zn intake. In conclusion, potential increases in Zn absorption and retention were observed for ZHYD and ZAA compared with ZS and ZG in experiment 3 and these differences were not found in experiments 1 and 2. Experiment 1 used a Latin square design and experiment 2 used a diet containing largely undigestible fiber. These experimental conditions may have affected Zn metabolism in wethers. Inconsistent results on Zn balance for ZG among the experiments warrant further studies regarding its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - J E Copelin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - M T Socha
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN, USA
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Fan W, Shi J, Wang B, Zhang M, Kong M, Li W. Effects of zinc and Bacillus subtilis on the reproductive performance, egg quality, nutrient digestion, intestinal morphology, and serum antioxidant capacity of geese breeders. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101677. [PMID: 35051674 PMCID: PMC8883061 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of zinc (Zn) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on reproductive performance, egg quality, nutrient digestion, intestine morphology, and antioxidant capacity were explored in geese breeders. Geese breeders (n = 120, 46-wk of age) were randomly assigned into 6 groups with 4 replicates of 5 birds each (1 male and 4 female). Breeders were fed diets with 2 levels of B. subtilis (2.5 × 109 and 5 × 109 CFU/kg) crossed with three levels of Zn (25, 45, and 65 mg/kg) for duration of 10-wk. The results showed that the egg laying rate (P < 0.05), fertility rate (P < 0.01), hatchability rate (P < 0.05), yolk color (P < 0.05), and the retentions of crude protein (P < 0.05), ether extract (P < 0.05) and phosphorus of geese breeders were improved by dietary supplementation of 5 × 109 CFU/kg B. subtilis and 25 mg or 45 mg/kg Zn. The serum T-SOD (P < 0.05) was increased by 45 mg/kg Zn supplementation. The serum T-AOC (P < 0.05) and retention of Zn (P < 0.05) were increased by 5 × 109 CFU/kg B. subtilis supplementation. The birds fed with 5 × 109 CFU/kg B. subtilis and 25 mg or 45 mg/kg Zn showed improved villus length (P < 0.01) and villus length/ crypt depth (P < 0.01) in both the jejunum and ileum. In conclusion, the combination of B. subtilis and Zn may have synergistic effects on these parameters, and dietary inclusion of 5 × 109 CFU/kg B. subtilis and 45 mg/kg Zn is recommended for improving the reproductive performance of geese breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingai Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Kong
- Institute of high quality waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
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Deters EL, VanDerWal AJ, VanValin KR, Beenken AM, Heiderscheit KJ, Hochmuth KG, Jackson TD, Messersmith EM, McGill JL, Hansen SL. Effect of bis-glycinate bound zinc or zinc sulfate on zinc metabolism in growing lambs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6358509. [PMID: 34448471 PMCID: PMC8446285 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the efficacy of bis-glycinate bound Zn, 36 crossbred wethers (34 ± 2 kg) were sorted by body weight into three groups and stagger started on a Zn-deficient diet (18 mg Zn/kg dry matter [DM]; 22.5% neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) for 45 d prior to a 15-d metabolism period (10 d adaptation and 5 d collection). On day 46, lambs were randomly assigned to dietary treatments (four lambs treatment−1group−1): no supplemental Zn (CON) or 15 mg supplemental Zn/kg DM (ZINC) as Zn sulfate (ZS) or bis-glycinate (GLY; Plexomin Zn, Phytobiotics). Blood was collected from all lambs on days 1, 44, 56, and 61. Liver, jejunum, and longissimus dorsi samples were collected after euthanasia on day 61. Gene expression was determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using ProcMixed of SAS (experimental unit = lamb; fixed effects = treatment, group, and breed) and contrast statements assessed the effects of supplemental Zn concentration (ZINC vs. CON) and source (GLY vs. ZS). After 15 d of Zn supplementation, plasma Zn concentrations were greater for ZINC vs. CON and GLY vs. ZS (P ≤ 0.01); tissue Zn concentrations were unaffected (P ≥ 0.27). Liver Cu concentrations were lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.03). Longissimus dorsi Mn concentrations were greater for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.05) and tended to be lesser for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.09). Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and NDF was lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P ≤ 0.05); acid detergent fiber digestibility tended to be greater for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.06). Nitrogen retention (g/d) tended to be greater for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.10), and N apparent absorption was lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.02). Zinc intake, fecal output, retention, and apparent absorption were greater for ZINC vs. CON (P ≤ 0.01). Apparent absorption of Zn was −5.1%, 12.8%, and 15.0% for CON, ZS, and GLY, respectively. Nitrogen and Zn retention and apparent absorption were not correlated for CON (P ≥ 0.14) but were positively correlated for ZINC (retention: P = 0.02, r = 0.52; apparent absorption: P < 0.01, r = 0.73). Intestinal expression of Zn transporter ZIP4 was lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.02). Liver expression of metallothionein-1 (MT1) tended to be greater for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.07). Although Zn apparent absorption did not differ between sources (P = 0.71), differences in post-absorptive metabolism may be responsible for greater plasma Zn concentrations and liver MT1 expression for GLY-supplemented lambs, suggesting improved bioavailability of GLY relative to ZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Deters
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Allison J VanDerWal
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Katherine R VanValin
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aubree M Beenken
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Katie J Heiderscheit
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Katherine G Hochmuth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Trey D Jackson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Messersmith
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jodi L McGill
- Vet Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Stephanie L Hansen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Guimaraes O, Jalali S, Wagner JJ, Spears JW, Engle TE. Trace mineral source impacts rumen trace mineral metabolism and fiber digestion in steers fed a medium-quality grass hay diet. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6367694. [PMID: 34505134 PMCID: PMC8429039 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve Angus steers (BW 452.8 ± 6.1 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulae were used to determine the impact of trace mineral (TM) source on digestibility, ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition, ruminal soluble concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn, and relative binding strength of trace minerals located in the rumen insoluble digesta fraction. Steers were fed a medium-quality grass hay diet (DM basis: 10.8% CP, 63.1% neutral detergent fiber [NDF], 6.9 mg Cu/kg, 65.5 mg Mn/kg, and 39.4 mg Zn/kg) supplemented with protein for 21 d. Treatments consisted of either sulfate (STM) or hydroxy (HTM) sources (n = 6 steers/treatment) to provide 20, 40, and 60 mg supplemental Cu, Mn, and Zn/kg DM, respectively. Following a 21-d adaptation period, total fecal output was collected for 5 d. Dry matter (P < 0.07) and CP (P < 0.06) digestibility tended to be reduced, and NDF (P < 0.04) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P < 0.05) digestibility were reduced in STM- vs. HTM-supplemented steers. On day 6, ruminal fluid was collected at 0, 2, and 4 h post-feeding and analyzed for VFA. There were no treatment x time interactions for VFA. Steers receiving HTM had less (P < 0.02) molar proportions of butyric acid and greater (P < 0.05) total VFA concentrations than STM-supplemented steers. Steers were then fed the same diet without supplemental Cu, Zn, or Mn for 14 d. On day 15 steers received a pulse dose of 20 mg Cu, 40 mg Mn, and 60 mg Zn/kg DM from either STM or HTM (n = 6 steers/treatment). Ruminal samples were obtained at 2-h intervals starting at -4 and ending at 24 h relative to dosing. There was a treatment x time interaction (P < 0.03) for ruminal soluble Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations. Ruminal soluble mineral concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) for Cu at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 h; for Mn at 4 and 6 h; and for Zn at 4, 6, and 8 h post-dosing in STM compared with HTM-supplemented steers. Copper concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) at 12 and 24 h and Zn concentrations in ruminal solid digesta were greater at 24 h in HTM-supplemented steers. Upon dialysis against Tris-EDTA, the percent Zn released from digesta was greater (P < 0.05) at 12 h (P < 0.03) and 24 h (P < 0.05), and the percent Cu released was greater (P < 0.02) at 24 h post-dosing in HTM steers when compared with STM-supplemented steers. Results indicate that Cu and Zn from HTM have low solubility in the rumen and appear to be less tightly bound to ruminal solid digesta than Cu and Zn from STM. The lower ruminal soluble concentrations of Cu and Zn in steers given HTM were associated with greater fiber digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Guimaraes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sam Jalali
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - John J Wagner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jerry W Spears
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Micronutrients, Indianapolis, IN 46231, USA
| | - Terry Eugene Engle
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Petrič D, Mravčáková D, Kucková K, Kišidayová S, Cieslak A, Szumacher-Strabel M, Huang H, Kolodziejski P, Lukomska A, Slusarczyk S, Čobanová K, Váradyová Z. Impact of Zinc and/or Herbal Mixture on Ruminal Fermentation, Microbiota, and Histopathology in Lambs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:630971. [PMID: 33585621 PMCID: PMC7876273 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.630971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of diets containing organic zinc and a mixture of medicinal herbs on ruminal microbial fermentation and histopathology in lambs. Twenty-eight lambs were divided into four groups: unsupplemented animals (Control), animals supplemented with organic zinc (Zn, 70 mg Zn/kg diet), animals supplemented with a mixture of dry medicinal herbs (Herbs, 100 g dry matter (DM)/d) and animals supplemented with both zinc and herbs (Zn+Herbs). Each lamb was fed a basal diet composed of meadow hay (700 g DM/d) and barley (300 g DM/d). The herbs Fumaria officinalis L. (FO), Malva sylvestris L. (MS), Artemisia absinthium L. (AA) and Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC) were mixed in equal proportions. The lambs were slaughtered after 70 d. The ruminal contents were used to determine the parameters of fermentation in vitro and in vivo and to quantify the microbes by molecular and microscopic methods. Samples of fresh ruminal tissue were used for histopathological evaluation. Quantitative analyses of the bioactive compounds in FO, MS, AA, and MC identified 3.961, 0.654, 6.482, and 12.084 g/kg DM phenolic acids and 12.211, 6.479, 0.349, and 2.442 g/kg DM flavonoids, respectively. The alkaloid content in FO was 6.015 g/kg DM. The diets affected the levels of total gas, methane and n-butyrate in vitro (P < 0.046, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). Relative quantification by real-time PCR indicated a lower total ruminal bacterial population in the lambs in the Zn and Zn+Herbs groups than the Control group (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Streptococcus bovis, and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus shifted in the Zn group. Morphological observation found a focally mixed infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of the rumen in the Zn+Herbs group. The effect of the organic zinc and the herbal mixture on the parameters of ruminal fermentation in vitro was not confirmed in vivo, perhaps because the ruminal microbiota of the lambs adapted to the zinc-supplemented diets. Long-term supplementation of a diet combining zinc and medicinal herbs, however, may negatively affect the health of the ruminal epithelium of lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petrič
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Mravčáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Kucková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Svetlana Kišidayová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Haihao Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel Kolodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Lukomska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwester Slusarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
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12
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Liu FF, Azad MAK, Li ZH, Li J, Mo KB, Ni HJ. Zinc Supplementation Forms Influenced Zinc Absorption and Accumulation in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010036. [PMID: 33375418 PMCID: PMC7824504 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at determining the effect of different zinc (Zn) supplementation forms on Zn accumulation, activities of Zn-containing enzymes, gene expression of metallothionein (MT), and Zn transporters in piglets. Eighteen piglets were randomly divided into three groups: (a) a basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg Zn from Zn methionine (Zn-Met) in the feed (Zn-Met group), (b) a basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg Zn from Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) in the feed (ZnSO4, feed group), and (c) a basal diet supplemented with the same dose of Zn as in ZnSO4,feed group but in water (ZnSO4, water group). The results showed that Zn-Met added in feed and ZnSO4 dissolved in drinking water significantly improved (p < 0.05) the Zn concentration in liver and jejunum and the apparent digestibility of Zn in comparison with the ZnSO4 added in feed. In addition, dietary Zn supplementation as Zn-Met significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the jejunum of piglets in comparison with the ZnSO4, feed group. Furthermore, the Zn-Met and ZnSO4, water groups showed an improved total superoxide dismutase activity (T-SOD) in the ileum as compared to the ZnSO4, feed group. Meanwhile, the qPCR and western blot results showed that Zn-Met and ZnSO4 dissolved in drinking water increased the expression of MT in the jejunum in comparison with the ZnSO4 added in the piglets' feed. However, different Zn supplementation forms had no effect on the mRNA expressions of Zip4 and ZnT1 transporters. In conclusion, Zn-Met added in feed and ZnSO4 dissolved in drinking water had higher bioavailability in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
| | - Zhi-He Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
- Department of Animal Science, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Kai-Bin Mo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Heng-Jia Ni
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (F.-F.L.); (M.A.K.A.); (Z.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-B.M.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Čobanová K, Váradyová Z, Grešáková Ľ, Kucková K, Mravčáková D, Várady M. Does Herbal and/or Zinc Dietary Supplementation Improve the Antioxidant and Mineral Status of Lambs with Parasite Infection? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1172. [PMID: 33255492 PMCID: PMC7761366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed supplementation with a medicinal herbs mixture (Hmix) and organic zinc (Zn), alone or in combination, on the antioxidant responses and mineral status of lambs infected with the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus. A total of 24 experimentally infected lambs were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (n = 6). The diets included an unsupplemented control diet (CON) and the CON further supplemented with Hmix, Zn, or both Hmix + Zn. Antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and microelement (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) concentrations were analyzed in serum, liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa. Zinc treatment elevated the superoxide dismutase activities in the duodenal mucosa and ileal TAC. Intake of Hmix resulted in higher kidney and ileal catalase activity and also influenced the TAC of the liver and intestinal mucosa. The inclusion of Hmix or Zn alone into the diet increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood, liver and duodenal mucosa. Tissue mineral uptake was not affected by herbal supplementation. Organic Zn intake increased the serum and liver Zn levels and influenced the Cu concentration in duodenal mucosa. Dietary supplementation with Hmix and/or Zn might promote the antioxidant status of lambs infected with Haemonchus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Čobanová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (Ľ.G.); (K.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (Ľ.G.); (K.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Ľubomíra Grešáková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (Ľ.G.); (K.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Katarína Kucková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (Ľ.G.); (K.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Dominika Mravčáková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (Ľ.G.); (K.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Marián Várady
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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14
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VanValin KR, Genther-Schroeder ON, Carmichael RN, Blank CP, Deters EL, Hartman SJ, Niedermayer EK, Hansen SL. Trace mineral metabolism and nutrient digestibility in lambs supplemented with zinc sulfate during an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Carmichael-Wyatt RN, Genther-Schroeder ON, Hansen SL. The influence of dietary energy and zinc source and concentration on performance, trace mineral status, and gene expression of beef steers. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa207. [PMID: 33409464 PMCID: PMC7770623 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of increased supplemental Zn from differing sources on growth performance of steers fed diets differing in net energy. Angus steers (n = 72, 324 ± 2.1 kg) with Genemax gain scores of 3, 4, or 5 were blocked by BW and stratified by Genemax gain score into 12 pens of 6 steers each for 158 d. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 Zn treatments (ZNTRT): 1) control (no supplemental Zn, analyzed 33 mg Zn/kg DM; CON); 2) inorganic Zn (CON + 120 mg supplemental Zn/kg DM as ZnSO4 for entire trial; INZN); or 3) 120 mg supplemental Zn/kg DM as Zn-amino acid complex (Availa-Zn; Zinpro, Eden Prairie, MN) for first 60 d, then a blend of ZnSO4 and Zn-AA complex (CON + 60 mg supplemental Zn/kg DM as ZnSO4 + 60 mg supplemental Zn/kg DM as Zn-amino acid complex) for the remainder of the trial (ZNBLD). Two dietary energy strategies (ENERGY) were formulated to reach ADG rates of 1) 1.6 kg/d (LE) or 2) 2.0 kg/d (HE) utilizing a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (12 steers/treatment). All steers were fed LE for a 60 d growing period, then pens were randomly assigned to ENERGY treatments fed the remaining 91 d. Day 60 BW tended to be greater (P = 0.07) in steers receiving supplemental Zn vs. CON. Liver Cu was decreased in Zn supplemented steers vs. CON (P = 0.02). Liver Zn concentrations on d 56 did not differ for Zn vs. CON (P = 0.22) nor were there differences due to Zn source (P = 0.98). There were or tended to be ZNTRT × ENERGY effects for d 67-90 ADG and G:F (P ≤ 0.01), and d 122 BW and d 90-122 G:F (P ≤ 0.10) driven by improved performance for ZNBLD-HE over ZNBLD-LE, while ENERGY within CON and INZN did not differ. Day 90-122 ADG, overall ADG and overall G:F was greater (P ≤ 0.02) and d 67-90 G:F tended to be greater (P = 0.10) for HE vs. LE. No ZNTRT × ENERGY or ZNTRT effects were detected for HCW, REA, BF, KPH, MS, or YG (P ≥ 0.37) while HE increased HCW, BF, MS, and YG compared with LE (P ≤ 0.05). In the liver, ZNTRT affected d 97 MT1A expression (P = 0.03) where INZN was greater than ZNBLD or CON (P ≤ 0.02), while ZIP14 was unaffected due to ZNTRT, ENERGY, or the interaction (P ≥ 0.39). Supplying supplemental Zn as ZNBLD during the transition period appeared to improve performance measures, but no final performance advantages were noted due to increased supplemental Zn, regardless of source. Additionally, differences in liver MT1A expression may indicate differing post-absorptive metabolism between Zn sources.
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16
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Daniel JB, Kvidera SK, Martín-Tereso J. Total-tract digestibility and milk productivity of dairy cows as affected by trace mineral sources. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9081-9089. [PMID: 32828500 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemical characteristics associated with different sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn such as sulfate, hydroxychloride, or organic chelate may affect the interaction between the metals and other components present within the gut of a ruminant (i.e., microorganisms and nutrients). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different supplemental trace mineral strategies on apparent total-tract digestibility, rumen fermentation, and dairy productivity. Using 52 Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with periods of 21 d, 4 treatments differing in their sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn were tested: sulfate form, hydroxychloride form, a mix of sulfate and organic chelate forms (70 and 30%, respectively), and a mix of hydroxychloride and organic chelate forms (70 and 30%, respectively). Treatments were formulated to provide 15, 40, and 20 mg of supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively, per kilogram of dry matter. This level of supplementation, together with the basal level present in forages and feed ingredients, resulted in a total average supply of 19, 79, and 84 mg of Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively, per kilogram of dry matter. Cows had ad libitum access to a total mixed ration, which provided 15.3% of crude protein, 21.7% of starch, and 35.3% of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Data were summarized by period with trace minerals and period as fixed effects and the repeated cow as random effect using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Apparent total-tract NDF and crude protein digestibility was reduced (-0.8% and -1.0%, respectively) when organic chelate trace minerals were fed, whereas apparent total-tract NDF digestibility was improved (+0.8%) when sulfate trace minerals were replaced by hydroxychloride trace minerals. Cows supplemented with the hydroxychloride source had lower ruminal butyric acid concentration compared with cows fed sulfate trace minerals (13.3 vs. 14.6%). In addition, fat- and protein-corrected milk and milk fat yields were improved (+1.0 kg/d and +51 g/d, respectively) in multiparous cows when trace minerals were supplemented as hydroxychloride compared with sulfate. These effects were not observed in primiparous cows. These results confirm that trace mineral sources affect apparent total-tract digestibility and indicate that milk productivity may also be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Daniel
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
| | - S K Kvidera
- Micronutrients USA LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46241
| | - J Martín-Tereso
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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17
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Carmichael RN, Genther-Schroeder ON, Deters EL, Jackson TD, Messersmith EM, VanValin KR, Hansen SL. The influence of supplemental zinc and dietary fiber concentration on mineral retention of beef steers. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:784-795. [PMID: 32704846 PMCID: PMC7200809 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine if zinc (Zn) retention improved with supplemental Zn above recommended concentrations with increasing dietary fiber concentration. Angus steers (n = 32; 309 ± 4.2 kg body weight [BW]) with GeneMax gain scores of 3, 4, or 5 were utilized in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (8 steers per treatment). Steers were stagger started (four blocks of eight steers) and stratified by BW within growing diets to one of two Zn strategies (ZNTRT), no supplemental Zn (analyzed 36 mg Zn/kg dry matter [DM]; CON) or supranutritional Zn (CON + 60 mg Zn/kg DM as ZnSO4 + 60 mg Zn/kg DM as Zn-amino acid complex; SUPZN). Dietary fiber strategies (FIBER) were formulated to target two fiber supplementation rates representing high fiber (HF; ~35% neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) or low fiber (LF; ~25% NDF). Within block, steers received HF for 60 d; then pens were randomly assigned to LF or HF for finishing. Steers fed LF were transitioned for 15 d; on day 75, steers were moved to metabolism crates and adapted for 10 d, followed by 5 d of total fecal and urine collection. Retention of Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, and N were calculated. The model for analysis of metabolism data included the fixed effects of ZNTRT, FIBER, block, and the interaction of ZNTRT × FIBER, with the three-way interaction of ZNTRT × FIBER × block as random. Steer was the experimental unit (n = 8 per treatment combination). Zinc did not affect initial 60-d performance (P ≥ 0.62). DM and organic matter digestibility were lesser (P = 0.02) and N digestibility tended to be lesser (P = 0.07) in CON vs. SUPZN. Intake and digestibility of NDF and acid detergent fiber were greater (P ≤ 0.01) in HF vs. LF. Digestibility and retention of N as a percentage of intake were greater (P ≤ 0.04) whereas N retention as grams per day tended to be greater in HF vs. LF (P = 0.06). Apparent absorption of Zn tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in CON vs. SUPZN. A ZNTRT × FIBER effect was identified for Zn retention (milligrams per day; P = 0.01) where within SUPZN Zn retention was greater in HF vs. LF (P < 0.01). Apparent absorption and retention of Zn were greater (% of intake; P ≤ 0.02) in HF vs. LF. Apparent absorption of Cu, Fe, and Mn was unaffected by ZNTRT or FIBER (P ≥ 0.24). Increasing dietary Zn increased Zn retained regardless of changes in coefficient of absorption. In addition, dietary fiber content may impact trace mineral and N metabolism by steers, potentially due to increased release of these nutrients from feed as fiber digestibility increases. It appears dietary Zn concentrations and diet composition influence trace mineral absorption in beef steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy N Carmichael
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - Erin L Deters
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Trey D Jackson
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Elizabeth M Messersmith
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Katherine R VanValin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Stephanie L Hansen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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