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Obregon-Gutierrez P, Bonillo-Lopez L, Correa-Fiz F, Sibila M, Segalés J, Kochanowski K, Aragon V. Gut-associated microbes are present and active in the pig nasal cavity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8470. [PMID: 38605046 PMCID: PMC11009223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The nasal microbiota is a key contributor to animal health, and characterizing the nasal microbiota composition is an important step towards elucidating the role of its different members. Efforts to characterize the nasal microbiota composition of domestic pigs and other farm animals frequently report the presence of bacteria that are typically found in the gut, including many anaerobes from the Bacteroidales and Clostridiales orders. However, the in vivo role of these gut-microbiota associated taxa is currently unclear. Here, we tackled this issue by examining the prevalence, origin, and activity of these taxa in the nasal microbiota of piglets. First, analysis of the nasal microbiota of farm piglets sampled in this study, as well as various publicly available data sets, revealed that gut-microbiota associated taxa indeed constitute a substantial fraction of the pig nasal microbiota that is highly variable across individual animals. Second, comparison of herd-matched nasal and rectal samples at amplicon sequencing variant (ASV) level showed that these taxa are largely shared in the nasal and rectal microbiota, suggesting a common origin driven presumably by the transfer of fecal matter. Third, surgical sampling of the inner nasal tract showed that gut-microbiota associated taxa are found throughout the nasal cavity, indicating that these taxa do not stem from contaminations introduced during sampling with conventional nasal swabs. Finally, analysis of cDNA from the 16S rRNA gene in these nasal samples indicated that gut-microbiota associated taxa are indeed active in the pig nasal cavity. This study shows that gut-microbiota associated taxa are not only present, but also active, in the nasal cavity of domestic pigs, and paves the way for future efforts to elucidate the function of these taxa within the nasal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Obregon-Gutierrez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Bonillo-Lopez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florencia Correa-Fiz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Sibila
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl Kochanowski
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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McDaneld TG, Eicher SD, Dickey A, Kritchevsky JE, Bryan KA, Chitko-McKown CG. Probiotics in milk replacer affect the microbiome of the lung in neonatal dairy calves. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1298570. [PMID: 38249465 PMCID: PMC10797021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1298570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics have been investigated for their many health benefits and impact on the microbiota of the gut. Recent data have also supported a gut-lung axis regarding the bacterial populations (microbiomes) of the two locations; however, little research has been performed to determine the effects of oral probiotics on the microbiome of the bovine respiratory tract. We hypothesized that probiotic treatment would result in changes in the lung microbiome as measured in lung lavage fluid. Our overall goal was to characterize bacterial populations in the lungs of calves fed probiotics in milk replacer and dry rations from birth to weaning. Methods A group of 20 dairy calves was split into two treatment groups: probiotic (TRT; N = 10, milk replacer +5 g/d probiotics; Bovamine Dairy, Chr. Hansen, Inc., Milwaukee, WI) and control (CON; N = 10, milk replacer only). On day 0, birth weight was obtained, and calves were provided colostrum as per the dairy SOP. On day 2, probiotics were added to the milk replacer of the treated group and then included in their dry ration. Lung lavages were performed on day 52 on five random calves selected from each treatment group. DNA was extracted from lavage fluid, and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene hypervariable regions 1-3 were amplified by PCR and sequenced using next-generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) for the identification of the bacterial taxa present. Taxa were classified into both operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Results Overall, the evaluation of these samples revealed that the bacterial genera identified in the lung lavage samples of probiotic-fed calves as compared to the control calves were significantly different based on the OTU dataset (p < 0.05) and approached significance for the ASV dataset (p < 0.06). Additionally, when comparing the diversity of taxa in lung lavage samples to nasal and tonsil samples, taxa diversity of lung samples was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, analysis of the respiratory microbiome in lung lavage samples after probiotic treatment provides insight into the distribution of bacterial populations in response to oral probiotics and demonstrates that oral probiotics affect more than the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G. McDaneld
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Susan D. Eicher
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA, ARS, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Aaron Dickey
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Janice E. Kritchevsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Cai L, Xu H, Cui Z. Factors Limiting the Translatability of Rodent Model-Based Intranasal Vaccine Research to Humans. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:191. [PMID: 35819736 PMCID: PMC9274968 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intranasal route of vaccination presents an attractive alternative to parenteral routes and offers numerous advantages, such as the induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, needle-free delivery, and increased patient compliance. Despite demonstrating promising results in preclinical studies, however, few intranasal vaccine candidates progress beyond early clinical trials. This discrepancy likely stems in part from the limited predictive value of rodent models, which are used frequently in intranasal vaccine research. In this review, we explored the factors that limit the translatability of rodent-based intranasal vaccine research to humans, focusing on the differences in anatomy, immunology, and disease pathology between rodents and humans. We also discussed approaches that minimize these differences and examined alternative animal models that would produce more clinically relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Cai
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, 2409 University Ave., A1900, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, 2409 University Ave., A1900, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
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Hall JA, Isaiah A, Bobe G, Estill CT, Bishop-Stewart JK, Davis TZ, Suchodolski JS, Pirelli GJ. Feeding selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay during the preconditioning period improves growth, carcass weight, and nasal microbial diversity of beef calves. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242771. [PMID: 33259499 PMCID: PMC7707589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay to weaned beef calves in a preconditioning program decreases morbidity and mortality during the feedlot period. To understand the mode of action by which supranutritional Se supplementation supports calf health, we examined the effect of agronomic Se-biofortification on nasal microbiome and fecal parasites. Recently weaned Angus-cross beef calves (n = 30) were randomly assigned to two groups and fed an alfalfa hay-based diet for 9 weeks in a preconditioning program. Alfalfa hay was harvested from fields fertilized with sodium selenate at a rate of 0 or 90 g Se/ha. Calculated Se intake from dietary sources was 1.09 and 27.45 mg Se/calf per day for calves consuming alfalfa hay with Se concentrations of 0.06 and 3.47 mg Se/kg dry matter, respectively. Feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay for 9 weeks was effective at increasing whole-blood Se concentrations (556 ± 11 vs 140 ± 11 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and increasing body weight (PTreatment, = 0.03) in weaned beef calves. Slaughter yield grades were higher for calves that had been fed Se-enriched alfalfa hay during the preconditioning period (PTreatment = 0.008). No significant differences were observed in fecal parasite load, which remained low. The nasal microbiome and microbiota diversity within calves and across calves expanded from weaning (week 0) to the feedlot period (week 12), which was promoted by feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay. Especially concerning was the expansion of nasal Mycoplasmataceae in the feedlot, which reached over 50% of the total microbiota in some calves. In conclusion, we identified dietary Se-biofortified alfalfa hay as a potential promoter of nasal microbiome genome and microbiota diversity, which may explain in part high-Se benefits for prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex in beef calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anitha Isaiah
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, United States of America
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Charles T. Estill
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Janell K. Bishop-Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - T. Zane Davis
- USDA-ARS-Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT, United States of America
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, United States of America
| | - Gene J. Pirelli
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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Zhao F, Jiang G, Ji C, Zhang Z, Gao W, Feng P, Li H, Li M, Liu H, Liu G, Magalhaes HB, Li J. Effects of long-distance transportation on blood constituents and composition of the nasal microbiota in healthy donkeys. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:338. [PMID: 32933535 PMCID: PMC7493398 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to determine the effects of transportation on the nasal microbiota of healthy donkeys using 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Deep nasal swabs and blood were sampled from 14 donkeys before and after 21 hours' long-distance transportation. The values of the plasma hormone (cortisol (Cor), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)), biochemical indicators (total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), creatinine (CREA), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), blood urea (UREA), plasma glucose (GLU)) and blood routine indices (white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM), neutrophil (NEU), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB)) were measured. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to assess the nasal microbiota, including alpha diversity, beta diversity, and phylogenetic structures. Results showed that levels of Cor, ACTH, and heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) after long-distance transportation. Several biochemical indicators (AST, CK) and blood routine indices (Neu, RBC, and HGB) increased markedly (p < 0.05), but the LYM decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Nine families and eight genera had a mean relative abundance over 1%. The predominant phyla in nasal microbiota after and before transportation were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Transportation stress induced significant changes in terms of nasal microbiota structure compared with those before transportation based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) coupled with analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) (p < 0.05). Among these changes, a notably gain in Proteobacteria and loss in Firmicutes at the phylum level was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest transportation can cause stress to donkeys and change the richness and diversity of nasal microbiota. Further studies are required to understand the potential effect of these microbiota changes on the development of donkey respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, P.R. China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, 78 E-Jiao Street Donge County, Liaocheng, 252201, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Guimiao Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, 78 E-Jiao Street Donge County, Liaocheng, 252201, Shandong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanliang Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, 78 E-Jiao Street Donge County, Liaocheng, 252201, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- The College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiping Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, 78 E-Jiao Street Donge County, Liaocheng, 252201, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peixiang Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, 78 E-Jiao Street Donge County, Liaocheng, 252201, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haijing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, 78 E-Jiao Street Donge County, Liaocheng, 252201, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, 78 E-Jiao Street Donge County, Liaocheng, 252201, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haibing Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd, 78 E-Jiao Street Donge County, Liaocheng, 252201, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Shandong Donkey Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Liaocheng, China
| | - Humberto B Magalhaes
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sp, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, P.R. China.
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Myer PR, McDaneld TG, Kuehn LA, Dedonder KD, Apley MD, Capik SF, Lubbers BV, Harhay GP, Harhay DM, Keele JW, Henniger MT, Clemmons BA, Smith TPL. Classification of 16S rRNA reads is improved using a niche-specific database constructed by near-full length sequencing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235498. [PMID: 32658916 PMCID: PMC7357769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveys of microbial populations in environmental niches of interest often utilize sequence variation in the gene encoding the ribosomal small subunit (the 16S rRNA gene). Generally, these surveys target the 16S genes using semi-degenerate primers to amplify portions of a subset of bacterial species, sequence the amplicons in bulk, and assign to putative taxonomic categories by comparison to databases purporting to connect specific sequences in the main variable regions of the gene to specific organisms. Due to sequence length constraints of the most popular bulk sequencing platforms, the primers selected amplify one to three of the nine variable regions, and taxonomic assignment is based on relatively short stretches of sequence (150-500 bases). We demonstrate that taxonomic assignment is improved through reduced unassigned reads by including a survey of near-full-length sequences specific to the target environment, using a niche of interest represented by the upper respiratory tract (URT) of cattle. We created a custom Bovine URT database from these longer sequences for assignment of shorter, less expensive reads in comparisons of the upper respiratory tract among individual animals. This process improves the ability to detect changes in the microbial populations of a given environment, and the accuracy of defining the content of that environment at increasingly higher taxonomic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R. Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Tara G. McDaneld
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - Larry A. Kuehn
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - Keith D. Dedonder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Apley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Sarah F. Capik
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Brian V. Lubbers
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Gregory P. Harhay
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - Dayna M. Harhay
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - John W. Keele
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - Madison T. Henniger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Brooke A. Clemmons
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Timothy P. L. Smith
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
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Timsit E, McMullen C, Amat S, Alexander TW. Respiratory Bacterial Microbiota in Cattle: From Development to Modulation to Enhance Respiratory Health. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:297-320. [PMID: 32451027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract of cattle is colonized by complex bacterial ecosystems also known as bacterial microbiotas. These microbiotas evolve over time and are shaped by numerous factors, including maternal vaginal microbiota, environment, age, diet, parenteral antimicrobials, and stressful events. The resulting microbiota can be diverse and enriched with known beneficial bacteria that can provide colonization resistance against bacterial pathogens or, on the contrary, with opportunistic pathogens that can predispose cattle to respiratory disease. The respiratory microbiota can be modulated by nonantimicrobial approaches to promote health, creating new potential strategies for prevention and treatment of bovine respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Timsit
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Avenue de la Ballastière, Libourne 33500, France.
| | - Chris McMullen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samat Amat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trevor W Alexander
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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