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Shi Q, Wang G, Wang S, Zhang C, Wei Z, Guo Z, Zhang D, Yun K, Fu S. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric method for determination of 52 antibiotics in human whole blood and urine and application to forensic cases. Forensic Toxicol 2024; 42:202-211. [PMID: 38642241 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-024-00688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A rapid and reliable method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of 52 antibiotics (cephalosporins, penicillins, carbapenems, lincosamides, quinolones, nitroimidazoles, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, glycopeptide) in urine and whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). METHOD Analytes were extracted by dilution or protein precipitation and analyzed on an Agilent 1260 HPLC system coupled to an Agilent 6470 Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. RESULTS The method attended method validation criteria. The limits of detection were equal or lower than 2.0 ng/mL, whereas the limits of quantification ranged from 0.1 to 10.0 ng/mL, from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/mL, in urine and whole blood, respectively. For all analytes, the bias and intra- and inter-day precision values were less than 14.7%. The ranges of recovery values of all antibiotics were 76.5-124.5% in whole blood and 76.3-121.8% in urine, values of the effects were lower than 25% in two matrices. No evidence of carryover was observed. The study of sample stability showed that almost all analytes were stable at 24 °C for 24 h, all analytes were stable at -20 °C for 14 days and at -80 °C for 30 days. Freeze-thaw cycles stability showed that antibiotics were stable except for imipenem. Autosampler stability study showed that all analytes were stable for 24 h, except for imipenem and amoxicillin. Applicability was proven by analyzing authentic whole blood (n = 86) and urine (n = 79) samples from patients under antibiotics treatment. Therefore, this method was applied to the analysis 3 forensic allergy cases, which were positive for at least one analyte. CONCLUSIONS A simple, sensitive and high-throughput method for the simultaneous determination of different classes of antibiotics in urine and whole blood samples was developed and applied. This sensitive method was successfully applied to forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Shi
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Gege Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Zhongyuan Guo
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Keming Yun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China.
| | - Shanlin Fu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China.
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Zhou Q, Su X, Yao Y, He B, Jin F, Gao M, Wang Q, Feng G, Li B, Liu R, Dong J. Preparation of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent and its application in the detection of quinolone residues in cattle urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04749-w. [PMID: 37243734 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Enrichment for the detection of quinolone residues is usually cumbersome and requires large amounts of toxic organic reagents. Therefore, this study synthesized a low-toxicity hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) with DL-menthol and p-cresol, which was then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermal analysis. A simple and rapid vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method was developed based on this DES for the extraction of eight quinolones from cattle urine. The optimal extraction conditions were screened by examining the DES volume, extraction temperature, vortex time, and salt concentration. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of the eight quinolones were 1 ~ 100 μg/L with good linearity (r2 was 0.998 ~ 0.999), and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.08 ~ 0.30 μg/L and 0.27 ~ 0.98 μg/L, respectively. The average extraction recoveries of spiked cattle urine samples were 70.13 ~ 98.50% with relative standard deviations below 13.97%. This method can provide a reference for the pre-treatment of quinolone residue detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - XiaoLu Su
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - YanXing Yao
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin He
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - FengMei Jin
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - MengYue Gao
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - GuiPing Feng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - BaoXi Li
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jun Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Haidari-Khoshkelat L, Raoof JB, Ghani M, Ojani R. Combination of in-situ electro synthesized Zn–Al-LDH@ pencil graphite fiber and three phase hollow fiber LPME for microextraction of some antibiotics in urine samples and quantification via HPLC-UV. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1235:340532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Hu Y, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Liao C, Jiang G. A short review of human exposure to antibiotics based on urinary biomonitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154775. [PMID: 35339554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics play a role in preventing and treating infectious diseases and also contribute to other health risks for humans. With the overuse of antibiotics, they are widely distributed in the environment. Long-term exposure to multiple antibiotics may occur in humans through medication and dietary intake. Therefore, it is critical to estimate daily intake and health risk of antibiotics based on urinary biomonitoring. This review compares the strengths and weaknesses of current analytical methods to determine antibiotics in urine samples, discusses the urinary concentration profiles and hazard quotients of individual antibiotics, and overviews correlations of antibiotic exposure with the risk of diseases. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is most applied to simultaneously determine multiple types of antibiotics at trace levels. Solid-phase extraction with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance adsorbent is commonly used to extract antibiotics in urine samples. Fifteen major antibiotics with relatively higher detection frequencies and concentrations include sulfaclozine, trimethoprim, erythromycin, azithromycin, penicillin V, amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and florfenicol. Humans can be easily at microbiological effect-based risk induced by florfenicol, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and amoxicillin. Positive associations were observed between specific antibiotic exposure and obesity, allergic diseases, and mental disorders. Overall, the accessible, automated, and environmentally friendly methods are prospected for simultaneous determinations of antibiotics at trace level in urine. To estimate human exposure to antibiotics more accurately, knowledge gaps need to be filled up, including the transformation between parent and metabolic antibiotics, urinary excretion proportions of antibiotics at low-dose exposure and pharmacokinetic data of antibiotics in humans, and the repeated sampling over a long period in future research is needed. Longitudinal studies about antibiotic exposure and the risk of diseases in different developmental windows as well as in-depth research on the pathogenic mechanism of long-term, low-dose, and joint antibiotic exposure are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wang X, Jiao Y, Wang G, Li F, Shao L, Zheng F, Wang L, Chen F, Yang L. Occurrence of quinolones in cultured fish from Shandong Province, China and their health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113777. [PMID: 35635886 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The residue levels of 6 quinolones in 160 cultured fish samples from Shandong Province, China were investigated using UPLC-MS/MS. The detection rate was 43.1% and enrofloxacin had the highest detection rate as well as the highest residue concentration. The violation rates were 2.50% for the sum of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin and 1.25% for ofloxacin. Among the 9 fish species, quinolone contamination problems should receive more attention in Carp, Grass carp, Crucian and Catfish. The health risk assessment showed that when calculated by the maximum concentration, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of Carp, Grass carp and Crucian for the high consumption group accounted for more than 10% of the acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), indicating that a large intake of these fish species might pose a potential health risk and health risk monitoring of quinolones in cultured fish should be continually performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Jiao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoling Wang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Shao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjia Zheng
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Yang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Lu Z, Li G, Hu Y. A Tb 3+ functionalized triazine-porous organic framework as a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for determination of ciprofloxacin in aquatic products. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A Tb3+ functionalized triazine-porous organic framework (Tb3+/TAPOF) was prepared by introducing Tb3+ into a triazine-porous organic framework through a coordination bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Lu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yufei Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Xue Q, Wang C, Lin Y, Jiang TF, Lv Z. Determination of fluoroquinolones illegally added in traditional prostate medicines by ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid liquid micro-extraction based on deep eutectic solvent combined with quantitative 19F nuclear magnetic resonance method. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Han Z, Sun T, Xu Z, Fan L, Yun H, Ge X, Liu X, Liu Y, Ning B. Detection of 4 quinolone antibiotics by chemiluminescence based on a novel Nor-Biotin bifunctional ligand and SA-ALP technology. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1720-1728. [PMID: 33960377 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple and effective direct competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay for the detection of 4 kinds of quinolone antibiotics in milk was established using Nor-Biotin (biotin-modified norfloxacin [NOR]) bifunctional ligand and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated streptavidin signal amplification technology. The polyclonal antibody was obtained after the immunization of New Zealand White rabbits using norfloxacin-derived antigen. "Click chemistry" was used for the rapid and facile synthesis of the Nor-Biotin bifunctional ligand. After the optimization of the incubation time and reaction buffer, the direct competitive chemiluminescence assay method was developed and used for sensitive detection of 4 kinds of quinolone drugs (NOR, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and danofloxacin). The IC50 of the 4 kinds of quinolone drugs ranged from 7.35 to 24.27 ng/mL, and the lowest detection limits ranged from 0.05 to 0.16 ng/mL, which were below their maximum residue levels, approved by the EU for treatment of food-producing animals. To demonstrate the applicability of the assay, artificially contaminated milk samples with the 4 quinolone drugs were analyzed. The mean recovery rates of the drugs ranged from 86.31% to 112.11%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Han
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tieqiang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zehua Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Longxing Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hanxuan Yun
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Ge
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bao'an Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Dang VD, Ganganboina AB, Doong RA. Bipyridine- and Copper-Functionalized N-doped Carbon Dots for Fluorescence Turn Off-On Detection of Ciprofloxacin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32247-32258. [PMID: 32573196 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a fluorescence turn off-on nanosensor has been successfully developed using functionalized N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) as the label-free sensing probe for the ultrasensitive detection of Cu2+ ions first and then ciprofloxacin (CIP), one of the most commonly used antibiotics for disease control, in the presence of bipyridine. The homogeneous and narrowly distributed N-CDs with a mean size of 5.7 nm and a high quantum yield of 84% are fabricated via the hydrothermal method in the presence of citric acid and ethylenediamine as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The Cu2+ ions serve as both analyte and fluorescence quenchers in the sensing platform of N-CDs, and a good linear response to Cu2+ in the range of 0.01-0.35 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.076 nM is observed. Then, 0.35 μM Cu2+ is used as the fluorescence quencher of N-CDs to build up the fluorescence turn off-on sensing probe for the detection of CIP using bipyridine (bipy) as the linker for CIP and Cu2+ ions. The addition of CIP to the bipy-Cu@N-CD composites triggers the formation of CIP-bipy-Cu conjugate as well as the release of N-CDs, resulting in the recovery of fluorescence intensity after 6 min of incubation. The sensing probe exhibits a two-phase linear response to CIP in the concentration range of 0.05-1 and 1-50 μM with a LOD of 0.4 nM. In addition, the bipy-Cu@N-CD probe shows high sensitivity toward CIP over the 19 other interferences. Good recovery of 96-110% is also observed when 0.1-0.9 μM CIP is spiked into the real samples. Results obtained in this study clearly demonstrate a newly developed sensing platform with rapid detection of metal ions and antibiotics, which can open an avenue to develop highly efficient and robust sensing probes for the detection of metal ions, organic metabolites, and biomarkers in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Dien Dang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Faculty of Environment-Resources and Climate Change, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tay Thanh, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Akhilesh Babu Ganganboina
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Liu KY, Zhang JJ, Geng ML, Zhu YT, Liu XJ, Ding P, Wang BL, Liu WW, Liu YH, Tao FB. A Stable Isotope Dilution Assay for Multi-class Antibiotics in Pregnant Urines by LC–MS/MS. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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