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Application of the Antibody-Inducing Activity of Glycosphingolipids to Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073776. [PMID: 33917390 PMCID: PMC8038663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are composed of a mono-, di-, or oligosaccharide and a ceramide and function as constituents of cell membranes. Various molecular species of GSLs have been identified in mammalian cells due to differences in the structures of oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharide structure can vary depending on cell lineage, differentiation stage, and pathology; this property can be used as a cell identification marker. Furthermore, GSLs are involved in various aspects of the immune response, such as cytokine production, immune signaling, migration of immune cells, and antibody production. GSLs containing certain structures exhibit strong immunogenicity in immunized animals and promote the production of anti-GSL antibodies. By exploiting this property, it is possible to generate antibodies that recognize the fine oligosaccharide structure of specific GSLs or glycoproteins. In our study using artificially synthesized GSLs (artGSLs), we found that several structural features are correlated with the antibody-inducing activity of GSLs. Based on these findings, we designed artGSLs that efficiently induce the production of antibodies accompanied by class switching and developed several antibodies that recognize not only certain glycan structures of GSLs but also those of glycoproteins. This review comprehensively introduces the immune activities of GSLs and their application as pharmaceuticals.
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Meehan GR, McGonigal R, Cunningham ME, Wang Y, Barrie JA, Halstead SK, Gourlay D, Yao D, Willison HJ. Differential binding patterns of anti-sulfatide antibodies to glial membranes. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 323:28-35. [PMID: 30196830 PMCID: PMC6134133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sulfatide is a major glycosphingolipid in myelin and a target for autoantibodies in autoimmune neuropathies. However neuropathy disease models have not been widely established, in part because currently available monoclonal antibodies to sulfatide may not represent the diversity of anti-sulfatide antibody binding patterns found in neuropathy patients. We sought to address this issue by generating and characterising a panel of new anti-sulfatide monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies have sulfatide reactivity distinct from existing antibodies in assays and in binding to peripheral nerve tissues and can be used to provide insights into the pathophysiological roles of anti-sulfatide antibodies in demyelinating neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Meehan
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhona McGonigal
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Madeleine E Cunningham
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer A Barrie
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan K Halstead
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Dawn Gourlay
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Denggao Yao
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Hugh J Willison
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
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Tanphaichitr N, Kongmanas K, Faull KF, Whitelegge J, Compostella F, Goto-Inoue N, Linton JJ, Doyle B, Oko R, Xu H, Panza L, Saewu A. Properties, metabolism and roles of sulfogalactosylglycerolipid in male reproduction. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 72:18-41. [PMID: 30149090 PMCID: PMC6239905 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG, aka seminolipid) is selectively synthesized in high amounts in mammalian testicular germ cells (TGCs). SGG is an ordered lipid and directly involved in cell adhesion. SGG is indispensable for spermatogenesis, a process that greatly depends on interaction between Sertoli cells and TGCs. Spermatogenesis is disrupted in mice null for Cgt and Cst, encoding two enzymes essential for SGG biosynthesis. Sperm surface SGG also plays roles in fertilization. All of these results indicate the significance of SGG in male reproduction. SGG homeostasis is also important in male fertility. Approximately 50% of TGCs become apoptotic and phagocytosed by Sertoli cells. SGG in apoptotic remnants needs to be degraded by Sertoli lysosomal enzymes to the lipid backbone. Failure in this event leads to a lysosomal storage disorder and sub-functionality of Sertoli cells, including their support for TGC development, and consequently subfertility. Significantly, both biosynthesis and degradation pathways of the galactosylsulfate head group of SGG are the same as those of sulfogalactosylceramide (SGC), a structurally related sulfoglycolipid important for brain functions. If subfertility in males with gene mutations in SGG/SGC metabolism pathways manifests prior to neurological disorder, sperm SGG levels might be used as a reporting/predicting index of the neurological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongnuj Tanphaichitr
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kessiri Kongmanas
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Federica Compostella
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - James-Jules Linton
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendon Doyle
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Oko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongbin Xu
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luigi Panza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Arpornrad Saewu
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hirahara Y, Wakabayashi T, Mori T, Koike T, Yao I, Tsuda M, Honke K, Gotoh H, Ono K, Yamada H. Sulfatide species with various fatty acid chains in oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages determined by imaging mass spectrometry. J Neurochem 2016; 140:435-450. [PMID: 27861899 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HSO3-3-galactosylceramide (Sulfatide) species comprise the major glycosphingolipid components of oligodendrocytes and myelin and play functional roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin formation. Although various sulfatide species contain different fatty acids, it is unclear how these sulfatide species affect oligodendrogenesis and myelination. The O4 monoclonal antibody reaction with sulfatide has been widely used as a useful marker for oligodendrocytes and myelin. However, sulfatide synthesis during the pro-oligodendroblast stage, where differentiation into the oligodendrocyte lineage has already occurred, has not been examined. Notably, this stage comprises O4-positive cells. In this study, we identified a sulfatide species from the pro-oligodendroblast-to-myelination stage by imaging mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that short-chain sulfatides with 16 carbon non-hydroxylated fatty acids (C16) and 18 carbon non-hydroxylated fatty acids (C18) or 18 carbon hydroxylated fatty acids (C18-OH) existed in restricted regions of the early embryonic spinal cord, where pro-oligodendroblasts initially appear, and co-localized with Olig2-positive pro-oligodendroblasts. C18 and C18-OH sulfatides also existed in isolated pro-oligodendroblasts. C22-OH sulfatide became predominant later in oligodendrocyte development and the longer C24 sulfatide was predominant in the adult brain. Additionally, the presence of each sulfatide species in a different area of the adult brain was demonstrated by imaging mass spectrometry at an increased lateral resolution. These findings indicated that O4 recognized sulfatides with short-chain fatty acids in pro-oligodendroblasts. Moreover, the fatty acid chain of the sulfatide became longer as the oligodendrocyte matured. Therefore, individual sulfatide species may have unique roles in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Hirahara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuji Mori
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.,School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Taro Koike
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yao
- Department of Optical Imaging, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- The Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Science Research Center, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Gotoh
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Fujiwara Y, Ogonuki N, Inoue K, Ogura A, Handel MA, Noguchi J, Kunieda T. t-SNARE Syntaxin2 (STX2) is implicated in intracellular transport of sulfoglycolipids during meiotic prophase in mouse spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:141. [PMID: 23595907 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin2 (STX2), also known as epimorphin, is a member of the SNARE family of proteins, with expression in various types of cells. We previously identified an ENU-induced mutation, repro34, in the mouse Stx2 gene. The Stx2(repro34) mutation causes male-restricted infertility due to syncytial multinucleation of spermatogenic cells during meiotic prophase. A similar phenotype is also observed in mice with targeted inactivation of Stx2, as well as in mice lacking enzymes involved in sulfoglycolipid synthesis. Herein we analyzed expression and subcellular localization of STX2 and sulfoglycolipids in spermatogenesis. The STX2 protein localizes to the cytoplasm of germ cells at the late pachytene stage. It is found in a distinct subcellular pattern, presumably in the Golgi apparatus of pachytene/diplotene spermatocytes. Sulfoglycolipids are produced in the Golgi apparatus and transported to the plasma membrane. In Stx2(repro34) mutants, sulfoglycolipids are aberrantly localized in both pachytene/diplotene spermatocytes and in multinucleated germ cells. These results suggest that STX2 plays roles in transport and/or subcellular distribution of sulfoglycolipids. STX2 function in the Golgi apparatus and sulfoglycolipids may be essential for maintenance of the constriction between neighboring developing spermatocytes, which ensures ultimate individualization of germ cells in later stages of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
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Nozaki H, Yanagida M, Koide KI, Shiotani K, Kinoshita M, Kobayashi Y, Watarai S, Nakamura K, Suzuki A, Ariga T, Kushi Y. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to lactotriaosylceramide. Glycobiology 2010; 20:1631-42. [PMID: 20693232 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have established hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to N-acetylglucosaminylβ1-3galactose (GlcNAcβ1-3Gal) residue by immunizing BALB/c mice with lactotriaosylceramide (Lc(3)Cer). These obtained hybridoma cells, specific to Lc(3)Cer, were dual immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells which secreted both IgM and IgG molecules as antibodies. The established mAbs are able to react with not only Lc(3)Cer but also GlcNAcβ1-3-terminal glycosphingolipids (GSLs) despite branching or lactosamine chain lengths and human transferrin with terminal GlcNAc residues. Comparison of the variable regions of the cloned IgM and IgG by reversed transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that the variable regions determine the specificity, the other amino acids are conserved, and these mAbs are encoded by J558 and Vκ-21family genes. Furthermore, we have analyzed the expression of GSLs with GlcNAcβ1-3 epitope in acute leukemia cell lines and mouse fetal tissues using these mAbs, in which antigens were distributed comparatively. These mAbs are useful for studying the precise distribution of GlcNAcβ1-3Gal-terminating GSL expression in tissues as well as for detecting GSLs carrying terminal GlcNAcβ1-3Gal carbohydrate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nozaki
- Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Namba F, Hasegawa T, Nakayama M, Hamanaka T, Yamashita T, Nakahira K, Kimoto A, Nozaki M, Nishihara M, Mimura K, Yamada M, Kitajima H, Suehara N, Yanagihara I. Placental features of chorioamnionitis colonized with Ureaplasma species in preterm delivery. Pediatr Res 2010; 67:166-72. [PMID: 19858776 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181c6e58e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ureaplasma spp. is detected in the urogenital tract, including the vagina, cervix, chorioamnion, and placenta. Their colonization is associated with histologic chorioamnionitis (CAM), often observed in placentas from preterm delivery. We isolated Ureaplasma spp. from 63 preterm placentas among 151 specimens, which were delivered at <32 wk of gestation. Of the 63 placentas, 52 (83%) revealed CAM in cultures positive for Ureaplasma spp., however, CAM was observed only in 30% (26/88) of cultures negative for Ureaplasma spp. (p < 0.01). Colonization by Ureaplasma spp. was an independent risk factor for CAM (OR, 11.27; 95% CI, 5.09-24.98). Characteristic neutrophil infiltration was observed in the amnion and subchorion (bistratified pattern) in cultures positive for Ureaplasma spp. FISH analysis of CAM placenta with male infant pregnancy indicated that bistratified infiltrated neutrophils showed the XX karyotype and umbilical vein infiltrated neutrophils showed XY karyotype. The distribution of sulfoglycolipid, the receptor of Ureaplasma spp., was mainly detected in the amnion. Ureaplasmal urease D protein and ureB gene were both detected in the amnion, indicating direct colonization by Ureaplasma spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Namba
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
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