1
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Carpanedo L, Rund KM, Wende LM, Kampschulte N, Schebb NH. LC-HRMS analysis of phospholipids bearing oxylipins. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1326:343139. [PMID: 39260917 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several oxylipins including hydroxy- and epoxy-polyunsaturated fatty acids act as lipid mediators. In biological samples they can be present as non-esterified form, but the major part occurs esterified in phospholipids (PL) or other lipids. Esterified oxylipins are quantified indirectly after alkaline hydrolysis as non-esterified oxylipins. However, in this indirect analysis the information in which lipid class oxylipins are bound is lost. In this work, an untargeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for the direct analysis of PL bearing oxylipins was developed. RESULTS Optimized reversed-phase LC separation achieved a sufficient separation of isobaric and isomeric PL from different lipid classes bearing oxylipin positional isomers. Individual PL species bearing oxylipins were identified based on retention time, precursor ion and characteristic product ions. The bound oxylipin could be characterized based on product ions resulting from the α-cleavage occurring at the hydroxy/epoxy group. PL sn-1/sn-2 isomers were identified based on the neutral loss of the fatty acyl in the sn-2 position. A total of 422 individual oxPL species from 7 different lipid classes i.e., PI, PS, PC, PE, PC-P, PC-O, and PE-P were detected in human serum and cells. This method enabled to determine in which PL class supplemented oxylipins are incorporated in HEK293 cells: 20:4;15OH, 20:4;14Ep, and 20:5;14Ep were mostly bound to PI. 20:4;8Ep and 20:5;8Ep were esterified to PC and PE while other oxylipins were mainly found in PC. SIGNIFICANCE The developed LC-HRMS method enables the comprehensive detection as well as the semi-quantification of isobaric and isomeric PL species bearing oxylipins. With this method, we show that the position of the oxidation has a great impact and directs the incorporation of oxylipins into the different PL classes in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carpanedo
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Katharina M Rund
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Luca M Wende
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nadja Kampschulte
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
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2
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Haaker MW, Goossens V, Hoogland NAN, van Doorne H, Wang Z, Jansen JWA, Kaloyanova DV, van de Lest CHA, Houweling M, Vaandrager AB, Helms JB. Early activation of hepatic stellate cells induces rapid initiation of retinyl ester breakdown while maintaining lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159540. [PMID: 39068984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the main enzyme producing retinyl esters (REs) in quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). When cultured on stiff plastic culture plates, quiescent HSCs activate and lose their RE stores in a process similar to that in the liver following tissue damage, leading to fibrosis. Here we validated HSC cultures in soft gels to study RE metabolism in stable quiescent HSCs and investigated RE synthesis and breakdown in activating HSCs. HSCs cultured in a soft gel maintained characteristics of quiescent HSCs, including the size, amount and composition of their characteristic large lipid droplets. Quiescent gel-cultured HSCs maintained high expression levels of Lrat and a RE storing phenotype with low levels of RE breakdown. Newly formed REs are highly enriched in retinyl palmitate (RP), similar to freshly isolated quiescent HSCs, which is associated with high LRAT activity. Comparison of these quiescent gel-cultured HSCs with activated plastic-cultured HSCs showed that although during early activation the total RE levels and RP-enrichment are reduced, levels of RE formation are maintained and mediated by LRAT. Loss of REs was caused by enhanced RE breakdown in activating HSCs. Upon prolonged culturing, activated HSCs have lost their LRAT activity and produce small amounts of REs by DGAT1. This study reveals unexpected dynamics in RE metabolism during early HSC activation, which might be important in liver disease as early stages are reversible. Soft gel cultures provide a promising model to study RE metabolism in quiescent HSCs, allowing detailed molecular investigations on the mechanisms for storage and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya W Haaker
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Goossens
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nina A N Hoogland
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hidde van Doorne
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W A Jansen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dora V Kaloyanova
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris H A van de Lest
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Houweling
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Bas Vaandrager
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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3
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Wang C, Gamage PL, Jiang W, Mudalige T. Excipient-related impurities in liposome drug products. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124164. [PMID: 38688429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as drug delivery systems to increase the efficacy and reduce the off-target toxicity of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The liposomes are more complex drug delivery systems than the traditional dosage forms, and phospholipids and cholesterol are the major structural excipients. These two excipients undergo hydrolysis and/or oxidation during liposome preparation and storage, resulting in lipids hydrolyzed products (LHPs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in the final liposomal formulations. These excipient-related impurities at elevated concentrations may affect liposome stability and exert biological functions. This review focuses on LHPs and COPs, two major categories of excipient-related impurities in the liposomal formulations, and discusses factors affecting their formation, and analytical methods to determine these excipient-related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Wang
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Prabhath L Gamage
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
| | - Thilak Mudalige
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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4
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Fujitani N, Akashi T, Saito M, Morita M, So T, Oka K. Increased neurotoxicity of high-density lipoprotein secreted from murine reactive astrocytes deficient in a peroxisomal very-long-chain fatty acid transporter Abcd1. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:289-301. [PMID: 38146202 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathogenic variants in ABCD1, resulting in the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in tissues. The etiology of X-ALD is unclear. Activated astrocytes play a pathological role in X-ALD. Recently, reactive astrocytes have been shown to induce neuronal cell death via saturated lipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), although how HDL from reactive astrocytes exhibits neurotoxic effects has yet to be determined. In this study, we obtained astrocytes from wild-type and Abcd1-deficient mice. HDL was purified from the culture supernatant of astrocytes, and the effect of HDL on neurons was evaluated in vitro. To our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that HDL obtained from Abcd1-deficient reactive astrocytes induces a significantly higher level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, a marker of cell damage, from mouse primary cortical neurons as compared to HDL from wild-type reactive astrocytes. Notably, HDL from Abcd1-deficient astrocytes contained significantly high amounts of VLCFA-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and LysoPC. Activation of Abcd1-deficient astrocytes led to the production of HDL containing decreased amounts of PC with arachidonic acid in sn-2 acyl moieties and increased amounts of LysoPC, presumably through cytosolic phospholipase A2 α upregulation. These results suggest that compositional changes in PC and LysoPC in HDL, due to Abcd1 deficiency and astrocyte activation, may contribute to neuronal damage. Our findings provide novel insights into central nervous system pathology in X-ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Fujitani
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Research Unit/Neuroscience, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Akashi
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, DMPK Research Laboratories (Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Saito
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, DMPK Research Laboratories (Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Morita
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takanori So
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kozo Oka
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Research Unit/Neuroscience, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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Michael JA, Young RSE, Balez R, Jekimovs LJ, Marshall DL, Poad BLJ, Mitchell TW, Blanksby SJ, Ejsing CS, Ellis SR. Deep Characterisation of the sn-Isomer Lipidome Using High-Throughput Data-Independent Acquisition and Ozone-Induced Dissociation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316793. [PMID: 38165069 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a significant interest in the development of innovative lipidomics techniques capable of resolving lipid isomers. To date, methods applied to resolving sn-isomers have resolved only a limited number of species. We report a workflow based on ozone-induced dissociation for untargeted characterisation of hundreds of sn-resolved glycerophospholipid isomers from biological extracts in under 20 min, coupled with an automated data analysis pipeline. It provides an order of magnitude increase in the number of sn-isomer pairs identified as compared to previous reports and reveals that sn-isomer populations are tightly regulated and significantly different between cell lines. The sensitivity of this method and potential for de novo molecular discovery is further demonstrated by the identification of unexpected lipids containing ultra-long monounsaturated acyl chains at the sn-1 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Michael
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Reuben S E Young
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachelle Balez
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lachlan J Jekimovs
- School of Chemistry and Physics and the Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - David L Marshall
- School of Chemistry and Physics and the Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Berwyck L J Poad
- School of Chemistry and Physics and the Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- Molecular Horizons and School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- School of Chemistry and Physics and the Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shane R Ellis
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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6
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Zhou Z, Huang X, Zhang YY, Cui S, Wang Y, Dong M, Zhou D, Zhu B, Qin L. In Silico-Predicted Dynamic Oxlipidomics MS/MS Library: High-Throughput Discovery and Characterization of Unknown Oxidized Lipids. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2008-2021. [PMID: 38276876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Nontargeted lipidomics using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry can detect thousands of molecules in biological samples. However, the annotation of unknown oxidized lipids is limited to the structures present in libraries, restricting the analysis and interpretation of experimental data. Here, we describe Doxlipid, a computational tool for oxidized lipid annotation that predicts a dynamic MS/MS library for every experiment. Doxlipid integrates three key simulation algorithms to predict libraries and covers 32 subclasses of oxidized lipids from the three main classes. In the evaluation, Doxlipid achieves very high prediction and characterization performance and outperforms the current oxidized lipid annotation methods. Doxlipid, combined with a molecular network, further annotates unknown chemical analogs in the same reaction or pathway. We demonstrate the broad utility of Doxlipid by analyzing oxidized lipids in ferroptosis hepatocellular carcinoma, tissue samples, and other biological samples, substantially advancing the discovery of biological pathways at the trace oxidized lipid level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xuhui Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Meng Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Dayong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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7
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Li H, Xiong Q, Wu H, Zhang Y, Zhuang K, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Yi L. Mass filtering combined with photochemical derivatization enables high throughput mass spectrometric analysis of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine isomers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:371-377. [PMID: 37965845 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholines (PCs) are closely related to coronary heart disease, such as myocardial infarction. The analysis of the deep structure of PCs is of great significance for exploring the effects of exercise rehabilitation and lipid metabolism. Here, we present a mass filtering combined with photochemical derivatization method for rapid screening and accurate identification of the CC position and sn-location isomer of PCs. This method is simple to execute and easily implementable for routine analysis. The accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of PCs and isomers facilitates the discovery of biomarkers for exercise rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Qian Xiong
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Yunmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Ke Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
- College of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
- College of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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8
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Ali O, Szabó A. Review of Eukaryote Cellular Membrane Lipid Composition, with Special Attention to the Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15693. [PMID: 37958678 PMCID: PMC10649022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes, primarily composed of lipids, envelop each living cell. The intricate composition and organization of membrane lipids, including the variety of fatty acids they encompass, serve a dynamic role in sustaining cellular structural integrity and functionality. Typically, modifications in lipid composition coincide with consequential alterations in universally significant signaling pathways. Exploring the various fatty acids, which serve as the foundational building blocks of membrane lipids, provides crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms governing a myriad of cellular processes, such as membrane fluidity, protein trafficking, signal transduction, intercellular communication, and the etiology of certain metabolic disorders. Furthermore, comprehending how alterations in the lipid composition, especially concerning the fatty acid profile, either contribute to or prevent the onset of pathological conditions stands as a compelling area of research. Hence, this review aims to meticulously introduce the intricacies of membrane lipids and their constituent fatty acids in a healthy organism, thereby illuminating their remarkable diversity and profound influence on cellular function. Furthermore, this review aspires to highlight some potential therapeutic targets for various pathological conditions that may be ameliorated through dietary fatty acid supplements. The initial section of this review expounds on the eukaryotic biomembranes and their complex lipids. Subsequent sections provide insights into the synthesis, membrane incorporation, and distribution of fatty acids across various fractions of membrane lipids. The last section highlights the functional significance of membrane-associated fatty acids and their innate capacity to shape the various cellular physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeralfaroug Ali
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - András Szabó
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
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9
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Yang RJ, Zou J, Liu JY, Dai JK, Wan JB. Click chemistry-based enrichment strategy for tracing cellular fatty acid metabolism by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1221-1231. [PMID: 38024853 PMCID: PMC10657974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs), which were initially recognized as energy sources and essential building blocks of biomembranes, serve as the precursors of important signaling molecules. Tracing FA metabolism is essential to understanding the biochemical activity and role of FAs in physiological and pathological events. Inspired by the advances in click chemistry for protein enrichment, we herein established a click chemistry-based enrichment (CCBE) strategy for tracing the cellular metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) in neural cells. Terminal alkyne-labeled EPA (EPAA) used as a surrogate was incubated with N2a, mouse neuroblastoma cells, and alkyne-labeled metabolites (ALMs) were selectively captured by an azide-modified resin via a Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction for enrichment. After removing unlabeled metabolites, ALMs containing a triazole moiety were cleaved from solid-phase resins and subjected to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The proposed CCBE strategy is highly selective for capturing and enriching alkyne-labeled metabolites from the complicated matrices. In addition, this method can overcome current detection limits by enhancing MS sensitivity of targets, improving the chromatographic separation of sn-position glycerophospholipid regioisomers, facilitating structural characterization of ALMs by a specific MS/MS fragmentation signature, and providing versatile fluorescence detection of ALMs for cellular distribution. This CCBE strategy might be expanded to trace the metabolism of other FAs, small molecules, or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jia-Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jiang-Kun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
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10
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Sato T, Umebayashi S, Senoo N, Akahori T, Ichida H, Miyoshi N, Yoshida T, Sugiura Y, Goto-Inoue N, Kawana H, Shindou H, Baba T, Maemoto Y, Kamei Y, Shimizu T, Aoki J, Miura S. LPGAT1/LPLAT7 regulates acyl chain profiles at the sn-1 position of phospholipids in murine skeletal muscles. J Biol Chem 2023:104848. [PMID: 37217003 PMCID: PMC10285227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle consists of both fast- and slow-twitch fibers. Phospholipids are important structural components of cellular membranes, and the diversity of their fatty acid composition affects membrane fluidity and permeability. Although some studies have shown that acyl chain species in phospholipids differ among various muscle fiber types, the mechanisms underlying these differences are unclear. To investigate this, we analyzed phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules in the murine extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles. In the EDL muscle, the vast majority (93.6%) of PC molecules was palmitate-containing PC (16:0-PC), whereas in the soleus muscle, in addition to 16:0-PC, 27.9% of PC molecules was stearate-containing PC (18:0-PC). Most palmitate and stearate were bound at the sn-1 position of 16:0- and 18:0-PC, respectively, and 18:0-PC was found in type I and IIa fibers. The amount of 18:0-PE was higher in the soleus than in the EDL muscle. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) increased the amount of 18:0-PC in the EDL. Lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (LPGAT1) was highly expressed in the soleus compared with that in the EDL muscle and was upregulated by PGC-1α. LPGAT1 knockout decreased the incorporation of stearate into PC and PE in vitro and ex vivo and the amount of 18:0-PC and 18:0-PE in murine skeletal muscle with an increase in the level of 16:0-PC and 16:0-PE. Moreover, knocking out LPGAT1 decreased the amount of stearate-containing-phosphatidylserine (18:0-PS), suggesting that LPGAT1 regulated the acyl chain profiles of phospholipids, namely PC, PE, and PS, in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sato
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shuhei Umebayashi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takumi Akahori
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiyori Ichida
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-LEAP), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Baba
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuki Maemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-LEAP), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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11
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Broughton R, Tocher DR, Napier JA, Betancor MB. Profiling Phospholipids within Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar with Regards to a Novel Terrestrial Omega-3 Oil Source. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090851. [PMID: 36144255 PMCID: PMC9503986 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and inclusion of novel oils derived from genetically modified (GM) oilseeds into aquafeeds, to supplement and supplant current terrestrial oilseeds, as well as fish oils, warrants a more thorough investigation into lipid biochemical alterations within finfish species, such as Atlantic salmon. Five tissues were examined across two harvesting timepoints to establish whether lipid isomeric alterations could be detected between a standard commercial diet versus a diet that incorporated the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), derived from the GM oilseed Camelina sativa. Tissue-dependent trends were detected, indicating that certain organs, such as the brain, have a basal limit to LC-PUFA incorporation, though enrichment of these fatty acids is possible. Lipid acyl alterations, as well as putative stereospecific numbering (sn) isomer alterations, were also detected, providing evidence that GM oils may modify lipid structure, with lipids of interest providing a set of targeted markers by which lipid alterations can be monitored across various novel diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Broughton
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | | | - Mónica B. Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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12
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Kyselová L, Vítová M, Řezanka T. Very long chain fatty acids. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 87:101180. [PMID: 35810824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are important components of various lipid classes in most organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and mammals, including humans. VLCFAs, or very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs), can be defined as fatty acids with 23 or more carbon atoms in the molecule. The main emphasis in this review is on the analysis of these acids, including obtaining standards from natural sources or their synthesis. Furthermore, the occurrence and analysis of these compounds in both lower (bacteria, invertebrates) and higher organisms (flowering plants or mammals) are discussed in detail. Attention is paid to their biosynthesis, especially the elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein (ELOVL4). This review deals with papers describing these very interesting compounds, whose chemical, biochemical and biological properties have not been fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milada Vítová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre for Phycology, Dukelská 135, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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13
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Azad AK, Kobayashi H, Md Sheikh A, Osago H, Sakai H, Ahsanul Haque M, Yano S, Nagai A. Rapid identification of plasmalogen molecular species using targeted multiplexed selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2021; 22:26-33. [PMID: 34939052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens (Pls) levels are reported to be altered in several neurological and metabolic diseases. Identification of sn-1 fatty alcohols and sn-2 fatty acids of different Pls species is necessary to determine the roles and mechanisms of action of Pls in different diseases. Previously, full-scan tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used for this purpose but is not effective for low-abundance Pls species. Recently, multiplexed selected reaction monitoring MS (SRM/MS) was found to be more selective and sensitive than conventional full-scan MS/MS for the identification of low-abundance compounds. In the present study, we developed a liquid chromatography (LC)-targeted multiplexed SRM/MS system for the identification and quantification of different Pls choline (Pls-PC) and Pls ethanolamine (Pls-PE) species. We determined five precursor-product ion transitions to identify sn-1 and sn-2 fragments of each Pls species. Consequently, sn-1 and sn-2 fatty acyl chains of 22 Pls-PC and 55 Pls-PE species were identified in mouse brain samples. Among them, some species had C20:0 and C20:1 fatty alcohols at the sn-1 position. For quantification of Pls species in mouse brain samples, a single SRM transition was employed. Thus, our results suggest that the LC-targeted multiplexed SRM/MS system is very sensitive for the identification and quantification of low-abundance lipids such as Pls, and is thus expected to make a significant contribution to basic and clinical research in this field in the future.
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Key Words
- CS, commercial standard
- IS, internal standard
- Identification
- LC, liquid chromatography
- LC-MS/MS
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- MTBE, methyl tert-butyl ether
- PLs, glycerophospholipids
- PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Phospholipids
- Plasmalogens
- Pls, plasmalogens
- Pls-PC, plasmalogens choline
- Pls-PE, plasmalogens ethanolamine
- Quantification
- RT, retention time
- SRM, selected reaction monitoring
- Targeted multiplexed SRM/MS‘
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Abdullah Md Sheikh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Harumi Osago
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Sakai
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Md Ahsanul Haque
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shozo Yano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
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14
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Fabritius M, Yang B. Direct infusion and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis of phospholipid regioisomers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9151. [PMID: 34169571 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes that are linked to several beneficial health effects such as increasing plasma HDL cholesterol levels, improving cognitive abilities and inhibiting growth of colon cancer. The role of phospholipid (PL) regioisomers in all these health effects is, however, largely not studied due to lack of analytical methods. METHODS Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in negative mode produces structurally informative fragment ions resulting from differential dissociation of fatty acids (FAs) from the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, primarily high-abundance [RCOO]- ions. The fragment ion ratios obtained with different ratios of regiopure phospholipid reference compounds were used to construct calibration curves, which allow determination of regioisomeric ratios of an unknown sample. The method was developed using both direct infusion mass spectrometry (MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HILIC-MS). RESULTS The produced calibration curves have high coefficients of determination (R2 >0.98) and the fragment ion ratios in replicate analyses were very consistent. A test mixture containing 60/40% ratios of all available regioisomer pairs was analyzed to test and validate the functionality of the calibration curves. The results were accurate and reproducible. However, regioisomeric quantification of certain chromatographically overlapping compounds is restricted by the relatively wide window in precursor ion selection of the MS instrument used. CONCLUSIONS This method establishes a framework for analysis of phospholipid regioisomers. Specific regioisomers can be quantified using the existing data, and method development will continue with improving chromatographic separation and exploring the fragmentation patterns and efficiencies of different PL classes and FA combinations, ultimately to refine this method for routine analysis of natural fats and oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Fabritius
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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de Kok NAW, Exterkate M, Andringa RLH, Minnaard AJ, Driessen AJM. A versatile method to separate complex lipid mixtures using 1-butanol as eluent in a reverse-phase UHPLC-ESI-MS system. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 240:105125. [PMID: 34453926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple, robust and versatile LC-MS based methods add to the rapid assessment of the lipidome of biological cells. Here we present a versatile RP-UHPLC-MS method using 1-butanol as the eluent, specifically designed to separate different highly hydrophobic lipids. This method is capable of separating different lipid classes of glycerophospholipid standards, in addition to phospholipids of the same class with a different acyl chain composition. The versatility of this method was demonstrated through analysis of lipid extracts of the bacterium Escherichia coli and the archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. In contrast to 2-propanol-based methods, the 1-butanol-based mobile phase is capable of eluting highly hydrophobic analytes such as cardiolipins, tetraether lipids and mycolic acids during the gradient instead of the isocratic purge phase, resulting in an enhanced separation of cardiolipins and extending the analytical range for RPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels A W de Kok
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Marten Exterkate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Ruben L H Andringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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16
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Flor S, Sosa Alderete L, Dobrecky C, Tripodi V, Agostini E, Lucangioli S. LC-ESI-MS/MS Method for the Profiling of Glycerophospholipids and its Application to the Analysis of Tobacco Hairy Roots as Early Indicators of Phenol Pollution. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Bouza M, Li Y, Wang AC, Wang ZL, Fernández FM. Triboelectric Nanogenerator Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for In-Depth Lipid Annotation. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5468-5475. [PMID: 33720699 PMCID: PMC8292975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play a critical role in cell membrane integrity, signaling, and energy storage. However, in-depth structural characterization of lipids is still challenging and not routinely possible in lipidomics experiments. Techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), ion mobility (IM) spectrometry, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography are not yet capable of fully characterizing double-bond and sn-chain position of lipids in a high-throughput manner. Herein, we report on the ability to structurally characterize lipids using large-area triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) coupled with time-aligned parallel (TAP) fragmentation IM-MS analysis. Gas-phase lipid epoxidation during TENG ionization, coupled to mobility-resolved MS3 via TAP IM-MS, enabled the acquisition of detailed information on the presence and position of lipid C═C double bonds, the fatty acyl sn-chain position and composition, and the cis/trans geometrical C═C isomerism. The proposed methodology proved useful for the shotgun lipidomics analysis of lipid extracts from biological samples, enabling the detailed annotation of numerous lipid isobars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Bouza
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yafeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Aurelia C Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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18
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Hama K, Fujiwara Y, Hayama T, Ozawa T, Nozawa K, Matsuda K, Hashiguchi Y, Yokoyama K. Very long-chain fatty acids are accumulated in triacylglycerol and nonesterified forms in colorectal cancer tissues. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6163. [PMID: 33731797 PMCID: PMC7969925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cancer, and its precise diagnosis is especially important for the development of effective therapeutics. In a series of metabolome analyses, the levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) were shown to be elevated in CRC tissues, although the endogenous form of VLCFA has not been fully elucidated. In this study we analyzed the amount of nonesterified fatty acids, acyl-CoA species, phospholipids and neutral lipids such as cholesterylesters using liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry. Here we showed that VLCFA were accumulated in triacylglycerol (TAG) and nonesterified forms in CRC tissues. The levels of TAG species harboring a VLCFA moiety (VLCFA-TAG) were significantly correlated with that of nonesterified VLCFA. We also showed that the expression level of elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 1 (ELOVL1) is increased in CRC tissues, and the inhibition of ELOVL1 decreased the levels of VLCFA-TAG and nonesterified VLCFA in CRC cell lines. Our results suggest that the upregulation of ELOVL1 contributes to the accumulation of VLCFA-TAG and nonesterified VLCFA in CRC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Hama
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tamuro Hayama
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ozawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Keijiro Nozawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yojiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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19
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Abstract
We present Mass Spectrometry-Data Independent Analysis software version 4 (MS-DIAL 4), a comprehensive lipidome atlas with retention time, collision cross-section and tandem mass spectrometry information. We formulated mass spectral fragmentations of lipids across 117 lipid subclasses and included ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry. Using human, murine, algal and plant biological samples, we annotated and semiquantified 8,051 lipids using MS-DIAL 4 with a 1-2% estimated false discovery rate. MS-DIAL 4 helps standardize lipidomics data and discover lipid pathways.
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20
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Daneshjoo O, hosseini A, Garshasbi M, Pizzuti A. Evidence of involvement of a novel VUS variant in the CHKB gene to congenital muscular dystrophy affection. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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21
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Ni Z, Sousa BC, Colombo S, Afonso CB, Melo T, Pitt AR, Spickett CM, Domingues P, Domingues MR, Fedorova M, Criscuolo A. Evaluation of air oxidized PAPC: A multi laboratory study by LC-MS/MS. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:156-166. [PMID: 31212065 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) has been shown to play a crucial role in the onset and development of cardiovascular disorders. The study of oxLDL, as an initiator of inflammatory cascades, led to the discovery of a variety of oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs) responsible for pro-inflammatory actions. Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAPC) is frequently used by the scientific community as a representative oxPL mixture to study the biological effects of oxidized lipids, due to the high abundance of PAPC in human tissues and the biological activities of oxidized arachidonic acids derivatives. Most studies focusing on oxPAPC effects rely on in-house prepared mixtures of oxidized species obtained by exposing PAPC to air oxidation. Here, we described a multi-laboratory evaluation of the compounds in oxPAPC by LC-MS/MS, focusing on the identification and relative quantification of the lipid peroxidation products (LPPs) formed. PAPC was air-oxidized in four laboratories using the same protocol for 0, 48, and 72 h. It was possible to identify 55 different LPPs with unique elemental composition and characterize different structural isomeric species within these. The study showed good intra-sample reproducibility and similar qualitative patterns of oxidation, as the most abundant LPPs were essentially the same between the four laboratories. However, there were substantial differences in the extent of oxidation, i.e. the amount of LPPs relative to unmodified PAPC, at specific time points. This shows the importance of characterizing air-oxidized PAPC preparations before using them for testing biological effects of oxidized lipids, and may explain some variability of effects reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixu Ni
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bebiana C Sousa
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Simone Colombo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina B Afonso
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Tania Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry & CESAM & ECOMARE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andrew R Pitt
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Criscuolo
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Germany; Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, Hanna-Kunath-Str. 11, 28199, Bremen, Germany.
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22
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Vu N, Narvaez-Rivas M, Chen GY, Rewers MJ, Zhang Q. Accurate mass and retention time library of serum lipids for type 1 diabetes research. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5937-5949. [PMID: 31280478 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid species are linked to various disease pathologies and implicated as potential biomarkers for type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, it is challenging to comprehensively profile the blood specimen lipidome with full structural details of every lipid molecule. The commonly used reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS/MS)-based lipidomics approach is powerful for the separation of individual lipid species, but lipids belonging to different classes may still co-elute and result in ion suppression and misidentification of lipids. Using offline mixed-mode and RPLC-based two-dimensional separations coupled with MS/MS, a comprehensive lipidomic profiling was performed on human sera pooled from healthy and T1D subjects. The elution order of lipid molecular species on RPLC showed good correlations to the total number of carbons in fatty acyl chains and total number of double bonds. This observation together with fatty acyl methyl ester analysis was used to enhance the confidence of identified lipid species. The final T1D serum lipid library database contains 753 lipid molecular species with accurate mass and RPLC retention time uniquely annotated for each of the species. This comprehensive human serum lipid library can serve as a database for high-throughput RPLC-MS-based lipidomic analysis of blood samples related to T1D and other childhood diseases. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Vu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.,Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28082, USA
| | - Monica Narvaez-Rivas
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28082, USA
| | - Guan-Yuan Chen
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28082, USA
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA. .,Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28082, USA.
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Kawana H, Kano K, Shindou H, Inoue A, Shimizu T, Aoki J. An accurate and versatile method for determining the acyl group-introducing position of lysophospholipid acyltransferases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1053-1060. [PMID: 30853650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) incorporate a fatty acid into the hydroxyl group of lysophospholipids (LPLs) and are critical for determining the fatty acid composition of phospholipids. Previous studies have focused mainly on their molecular identification and their substrate specificity regarding the polar head groups and acyl-CoAs. However, little is known about the positional specificity of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol backbone (sn-2 or sn-1) at which LPLATs introduce a fatty acid. This is mainly due to the instability of LPLs used as an acceptor, especially for LPLs with a fatty acid at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone (sn-2-LPLs), which are essential for the enzymatic assay to determine the positional specificity. In this study, we established a method to determine the positional specificity of LPLAT by preparing stable sn-2-LPLs in combination with PLA2 digestion, and applied the method for determining the positional specificity of several LPLATs including LPCAT1, LYCAT and LPCAT3. We found that LPCAT1 introduced palmitic acid both at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of palmitoyl-LPC, while LYCAT and LPCAT3 specifically introduced stearic acid at the sn-1 position of LPG and arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position of LPC, respectively. The present method for evaluating the positional specificity could also be used for biochemical characterization of other LPLATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawana
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; AMED-LEAP, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; AMED-LEAP, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; AMED-CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; AMED-LEAP, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- AMED-CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Departments of Lipidomics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; AMED-LEAP, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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26
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Becher S, Esch P, Heiles S. Relative Quantification of Phosphatidylcholine sn-Isomers Using Positive Doubly Charged Lipid–Metal Ion Complexes. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11486-11494. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Becher
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Patrick Esch
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Heiles
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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27
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Wang P, Sachar M, Guo GL, Shehu AI, Lu J, Zhong XB, Ma X. Liver metabolomics in a mouse model of erythropoietic protoporphyria. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:474-481. [PMID: 29906468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a genetic disease that results from the defective mutation in the gene encoding ferrochelatase (FECH), the enzyme that converts protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) to heme. Liver injury and even liver failure can occur in EPP patients because of PPIX accumulation in the liver. The current study profiled the liver metabolome in an EPP mouse model caused by a Fech mutation (Fech-mut). As expected, we observed the accumulation of PPIX in the liver of Fech-mut mice. In addition, our metabolomic analysis revealed the accumulation of bile acids and ceramide (Cer) in the liver of Fech-mut mice. High levels of bile acids and Cer are toxic to the liver. Furthermore, we found that the major phosphatidylcholines (PC) in the liver and the ratio of total PC to PPIX in the bile were decreased in Fech-mut mice compared to wild type mice. A decrease of the ratio of PC to PPIX in the bile can potentiate the accumulation of PPIX in the liver because PC increases PPIX solubility and excretion. These metabolomic findings suggest that the accumulation of PPIX, together with the disruption of the homeostasis of bile acids, Cer, and PC, contributes to EPP-associated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Madhav Sachar
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Amina I Shehu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Kendall AC, Koszyczarek MM, Jones EA, Hart PJ, Towers M, Griffiths CEM, Morris M, Nicolaou A. Lipidomics for translational skin research: A primer for the uninitiated. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:721-728. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Kendall
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology; Division of Pharmacy and Optometry; School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | - Marta M. Koszyczarek
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology; Division of Pharmacy and Optometry; School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | | | | | | | - Christopher E. M. Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal Hospital; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | | | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology; Division of Pharmacy and Optometry; School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health; University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
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29
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Hama K, Fujiwara Y, Morita M, Yamazaki F, Nakashima Y, Takei S, Takashima S, Setou M, Shimozawa N, Imanaka T, Yokoyama K. Profiling and Imaging of Phospholipids in Brains of Abcd1
-Deficient Mice. Lipids 2018; 53:85-102. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Hama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku; Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku; Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
| | - Masashi Morita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamazaki
- International Mass Imaging Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu; Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Yuko Nakashima
- International Mass Imaging Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu; Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Shiro Takei
- International Mass Imaging Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu; Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center; Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- International Mass Imaging Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu; Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu; Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
- Department of Anatomy; The University of Hong Kong, 6/F, William MW Mong Block 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam; Hong Kong SAR China
- Riken Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku; Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center; Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imanaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Kure; Hiroshima 737-0112 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku; Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
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30
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Poad BLJ, Zheng X, Mitchell TW, Smith RD, Baker ES, Blanksby SJ. Online Ozonolysis Combined with Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Provides a New Platform for Lipid Isomer Analyses. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1292-1300. [PMID: 29220163 PMCID: PMC5771865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the most significant challenges in contemporary lipidomics lies in the separation and identification of lipid isomers that differ only in site(s) of unsaturation or geometric configuration of the carbon-carbon double bonds. While analytical separation techniques including ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and liquid chromatography (LC) can separate isomeric lipids under appropriate conditions, conventional tandem mass spectrometry cannot provide unequivocal identification. To address this challenge, we have implemented ozone-induced dissociation (OzID) in-line with LC, IMS, and high resolution mass spectrometry. Modification of an IMS-capable quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer was undertaken to allow the introduction of ozone into the high-pressure trapping ion funnel region preceding the IMS cell. This enabled the novel LC-OzID-IMS-MS configuration where ozonolysis of ionized lipids occurred rapidly (10 ms) without prior mass-selection. LC-elution time alignment combined with accurate mass and arrival time extraction of ozonolysis products facilitated correlation of precursor and product ions without mass-selection (and associated reductions in duty cycle). Unsaturated lipids across 11 classes were examined using this workflow in both positive and negative ion modalities, and in all cases, the positions of carbon-carbon double bonds were unequivocally assigned based on predictable OzID transitions. Under these conditions, geometric isomers exhibited different IMS arrival time distributions and distinct OzID product ion ratios providing a means for discrimination of cis/trans double bonds in complex lipids. The combination of OzID with multidimensional separations shows significant promise for facile profiling of unsaturation patterns within complex lipidomes including human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Insitutue for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Insitutue for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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31
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Pauling JK, Hermansson M, Hartler J, Christiansen K, Gallego SF, Peng B, Ahrends R, Ejsing CS. Proposal for a common nomenclature for fragment ions in mass spectra of lipids. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188394. [PMID: 29161304 PMCID: PMC5697860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in mass spectrometry-based lipidomics have in recent years prompted efforts to standardize the annotation of the vast number of lipid molecules that can be detected in biological systems. These efforts have focused on cataloguing, naming and drawing chemical structures of intact lipid molecules, but have provided no guidelines for annotation of lipid fragment ions detected using tandem and multi-stage mass spectrometry, albeit these fragment ions are mandatory for structural elucidation and high confidence lipid identification, especially in high throughput lipidomics workflows. Here we propose a nomenclature for the annotation of lipid fragment ions, describe its implementation and present a freely available web application, termed ALEX123 lipid calculator, that can be used to query a comprehensive database featuring curated lipid fragmentation information for more than 430,000 potential lipid molecules from 47 lipid classes covering five lipid categories. We note that the nomenclature is generic, extendable to stable isotope-labeled lipid molecules and applicable to automated annotation of fragment ions detected by most contemporary lipidomics platforms, including LC-MS/MS-based routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josch K. Pauling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Hermansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Hartler
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Christiansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sandra F. Gallego
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bing Peng
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christer S. Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Williams PE, Klein DR, Greer SM, Brodbelt JS. Pinpointing Double Bond and sn-Positions in Glycerophospholipids via Hybrid 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation (UVPD) Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15681-15690. [PMID: 28988476 PMCID: PMC5760168 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Complete structural characterization of complex lipids, such as glycerophospholipids, by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) continues to present a major challenge. Conventional activation methods do not generate fragmentation patterns that permit the simultaneous discernment of isomers which differ in both the positions of acyl chains on the glycerol backbone and the double bonds within the acyl chains. Herein we describe a hybrid collisional activation/UVPD workflow that yields near-complete structural information for glycerophospholipids. This hybrid MS3 strategy affords the lipid's sum composition based on the accurate mass measured for the intact lipid as well as highly specific diagnostic product ions that reveal both the acyl chain assignment (i.e., sn-position) and the site-specific location of double bonds in the acyl chains. This approach is demonstrated to differentiate sn-positional and double-bond-positional isomers, such as the regioisomeric phosphatidylcholines PC 16:0/18:1(n-9) and PC 18:1(n-9)/16:0, and has been integrated into an LC-MS3 workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy E. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dustin R. Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sylvester M. Greer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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33
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Sugasini D, Subbaiah PV. Rate of acyl migration in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is dependent upon the nature of the acyl group. Greater stability of sn-2 docosahexaenoyl LPC compared to the more saturated LPC species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187826. [PMID: 29117232 PMCID: PMC5678866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies reported that sn-2 acyl lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) undergo rapid isomerization due to acyl migration, especially at physiological pH and temperature. However, these studies have been carried out using mostly sn-2 palmitoyl LPC, whereas the naturally occurring sn-2 LPCs are predominantly unsaturated. In this study, we investigated the acyl migration in four naturally occurring sn-2 acyl LPCs (sn-2 16:0, sn-2 18:1, sn-2 20:4, and sn-2 22:6) stored at various temperatures in aqueous or organic solvents, employing LC/MS to analyze the isomer composition. At 37°C and pH 7.4, the order of acyl migration rates (from sn-2 to sn-1) in aqueous buffer was 16:0 LPC> 18:1 LPC> 20:4 LPC> 22:6 LPC. The rate of isomerization of sn-2 16:0 LPC was 2–5 times greater than that of sn-2 22:6 under these conditions. Complexing the LPCs to serum albumin accelerated the acyl migration of all species, but sn-2 22:6 LPC was least affected by the presence of albumin. The migration rates were lower at lower temperatures (22°C, 4°C, and -20°C), but the differences between the LPC species persisted. All the sn-2 acyl LPCs were more stable in organic solvent (chloroform: methanol, 2:1 v/v), but the effect of the acyl groups on acyl migration was evident in the solvent also, at all temperatures. Storage of sn-2 22:6 LPC at -20°C for 4 weeks in the organic solvent resulted in about 10% isomerization, compared to 55% isomerization for sn-2 16:0. These results show that the sn-2 polyunsaturated LPCs can be stored at -20°C or below for several days without appreciable isomerization. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the sn-2 polyunsaturated LPCs generated in vivo are much more stable under physiological conditions than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavamani Sugasini
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Papasani V. Subbaiah
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Reis A. Oxidative Phospholipidomics in health and disease: Achievements, challenges and hopes. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:25-37. [PMID: 28088624 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid peroxidation products are recognized as important bioactive lipid mediators playing an active role as modulators in signalling events in inflammation, immunity and infection. The biochemical responses are determined by the oxidation structural features present in oxPL modulating biophysical and biological properties in model membranes and lipoproteins. In spite of the extensive work conducted with model systems over the last 20 years, the study of oxPL in biological systems has virtually stagnated. In fact, very little is known concerning the predominant oxPL in fluids and tissues, their basal levels, and any variations introduced with age, gender and ethnicity in health and disease. In consequence, knowledge on oxPL has not yet translated into clinical diagnostic, in the early and timely diagnosis of "silent" diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, or as prognosis tools in disease stratification and particularly useful in the context of multimorbidities. Their use as therapeutic solutions or the development of innovative functional biomaterials remains to be explored. This review summarizes the achievements made in the identification of oxPL revealing an enormous structural diversity. A brief overview of the challenges associated with the analysis of such diverse array of products is given and a critical evaluation on key aspects in the analysis pipeline that need to be addressed. Once these issues are addressed, Oxidative Phospholipidomics will hopefully lead to major breakthrough discoveries in biochemistry, pharmaceutical, and clinical areas for the upcoming 20 years. This article is part of Special Issue entitled 4-Hydroxynonenal and Related Lipid Oxidation Products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Campus Santiago, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Effects of the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio on plasma phosphatidylcholine profiles in human and mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 50:83-94. [PMID: 29040839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholines (PCs), a major class of human plasma phospholipids, are composed of highly diverse fatty acids. Because the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio alters the hepatic fatty acid metabolism, plasma fatty acids that bind PCs, which are secreted as lipoproteins from the liver, may be affected by long-term consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet or a high-fat diet. Therefore, in this study, we profiled the plasma PC species comprehensively in formulated dieting conditions to identify those phospholipid molecules that reflect the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio. C57BL6J mice were fed diets containing different amounts of fat for 8 weeks, and plasma PC species were analyzed under fasting conditions using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, a cross-sectional study of 78 middle-aged Japanese men, who participated in health checkups, was conducted. Nutrient intakes were estimated by a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire. The plasma PC profiles changed depending on the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio. Especially, PC (16:0/16:1) and PC (16:0/18:1) levels increased as the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio increased in human and mouse, suggesting that these PC species reflected the increase in de novo lipogenesis and might become useful biomarkers of the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio. Since these PCs act as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, PC species reflecting the dietary carbohydrate-fat ratio may influence metabolism of glucose and lipids.
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Hama K, Fujiwara Y, Tabata H, Takahashi H, Yokoyama K. Comprehensive Quantitation Using Two Stable Isotopically Labeled Species and Direct Detection of N-Acyl Moiety of Sphingomyelin. Lipids 2017; 52:789-799. [PMID: 28770378 PMCID: PMC5583271 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (ceramide-phosphocholine, CerPCho) is a common sphingolipid in mammalian cells and is composed of phosphorylcholine and ceramide as polar and hydrophobic components, respectively. In this study, a qualitative liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS/MS) analysis is proposed in which CerPCho structures were assigned based on product ion spectra corresponding to sphingosylphosphorylcholine and N-acyl moieties. From MS/MS/MS analysis of CerPCho, we observed product ion spectra of the N-acyl fatty acids as [RCO2]− ions as well as sphingosylphosphorylcholine. A calibration curve for CerPCho was constructed using two stable isotopically labeled CerPCho species and then used to quantify the CerPCho species in HeLa cells as a proof-of-principle study. The present study proposes an accurate method for quantifying and assigning structures to each CerPCho species in crude biologic samples by LC–ESI–MS/MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Hama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tabata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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37
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Hancock SE, Poad BL, Batarseh A, Abbott SK, Mitchell TW. Advances and unresolved challenges in the structural characterization of isomeric lipids. Anal Biochem 2017; 524:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Salazar C, Jones MD, Sturtevant D, Horn PJ, Crossley J, Zaman K, Chapman KD, Wrona M, Isaac G, Smith NW, Shulaev V. Development and application of sub-2-μm particle CO 2 -based chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for comprehensive analysis of lipids in cottonseed extracts. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:591-605. [PMID: 28072489 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Refined cottonseed oil has widespread applications in the food and chemical industries. Although the major lipids comprising cottonseed oil (triacylglycerols) are well known, there are many diverse lipid species in cotton seeds that occur at much lower levels and have important nutritional or anti-nutritional properties. METHODS The lipid technical samples were prepared in chloroform. The biological samples were extracted using a mixture of isopropanol/chloroform/H2 O (2:1:0.45). The data were collected using high and low collision energy with simultaneous data collection on a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer which allowed the characterization of lipids by precursor and product ion alignment. The supercritical fluid chromatography methodology is flexible and can be altered to provide greater retention and separation. The comprehensive method was used to screen seed lipid extracts from several cotton genotypes using multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS Method variables influencing the peak integrity and chromatographic separation for a mixture of lipids with different degrees of polarity were explored. The experiments were designed to understand the chromatographic behavior of lipids in a controlled setting using a variety of lipid extracts. Influences of acyl chain length and numbers of double bonds were investigated using single moiety standards. CONCLUSIONS The methodology parameters were examined using single moiety lipid standards and standard mixtures. The method conditions were applied to biological lipid extracts, and adjustments were investigated to manipulate the chromatography. Insights from these method variable manipulations will help to frame the development of targeted lipid profiling and screening protocols. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Michael D Jones
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA, 01757, USA
| | - Drew Sturtevant
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Patrick J Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Janna Crossley
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Khadiza Zaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Mark Wrona
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA, 01757, USA
| | - Giorgis Isaac
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA, 01757, USA
| | - Norman W Smith
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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Shulaev V, Chapman KD. Plant lipidomics at the crossroads: From technology to biology driven science. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:786-791. [PMID: 28238862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The identification and quantification of lipids from plant tissues have become commonplace and many researchers now incorporate lipidomics approaches into their experimental studies. Plant lipidomics research continues to involve technological developments such as those in mass spectrometry imaging, but in large part, lipidomics approaches have matured to the point of being accessible to the novice. Here we review some important considerations for those planning to apply plant lipidomics to their biological questions, and offer suggestions for appropriate tools and practices. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: BBALIP_Lipidomics Opinion Articles edited by Sepp Kohlwein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States.
| | - Kent D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States.
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Ajat M, Molenaar M, Brouwers JFHM, Vaandrager AB, Houweling M, Helms JB. Hepatic stellate cells retain the capacity to synthesize retinyl esters and to store neutral lipids in small lipid droplets in the absence of LRAT. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:176-187. [PMID: 27815220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an important role in liver physiology and under healthy conditions they have a quiescent and lipid-storing phenotype. Upon liver injury, HSCs are activated and rapidly lose their retinyl ester-containing lipid droplets. To investigate the role of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) in retinyl ester synthesis and lipid droplet dynamics, we modified LC-MS/MS procedures by including multiple reaction monitoring allowing unambiguous identification and quantification of all major retinyl ester species. Quiescent primary HSCs contain predominantly retinyl palmitate. Exogenous fatty acids are a major determinant in the retinyl ester species synthesized by activated HSCs and LX-2 cells, indicating that HSCs shift their retinyl ester synthesizing capacity from LRAT to DGAT1 during activation. Quiescent LRAT-/- HSCs retain the capacity to synthesize retinyl esters and to store neutral lipids in lipid droplets ex vivo. The median lipid droplet size in LRAT-/- HSCs (1080nm) is significantly smaller than in wild type HSCs (1618nm). This is a consequence of an altered lipid droplet size distribution with 50.5±9.0% small (≤700nm) lipid droplets in LRAT-/- HSCs and 25.6±1.4% large (1400-2100nm) lipid droplets in wild type HSC cells. Upon prolonged (24h) incubation, the amounts of small (≤700nm) lipid droplets strongly increased both in wild type and in LRAT-/- HSCs, indicating a dynamic behavior in both cell types. The absence of retinyl esters and reduced number of lipid droplets in LRAT-deficient HSCs in vivo will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Molenaar
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F H M Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie B Vaandrager
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Houweling
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Zacek P, Bukowski M, Rosenberger TA, Picklo M. Quantitation of isobaric phosphatidylcholine species in human plasma using a hybrid quadrupole linear ion-trap mass spectrometer. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2225-2234. [PMID: 27688258 PMCID: PMC5321225 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d070656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) species in human plasma are used as biomarkers of disease. PC biomarkers are often limited by the inability to separate isobaric PCs. In this work, we developed a targeted shotgun approach for analysis of isobaric and isomeric PCs. This approach is comprised of two MS methods: a precursor ion scanning (PIS) of mass m/z 184 in positive mode (PIS m/z +184) and MS3 fragmentation in negative mode, both performed on the same instrument, a hybrid triple quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer. The MS3 experiment identified the FA composition and the relative abundance of isobaric and sn-1, sn-2 positional isomeric PC species, which were subsequently combined with absolute quantitative data obtained by PIS m/z +184 scan. This approach was applied to the analysis of a National Institute of Standards and Technology human blood plasma standard reference material (SRM 1950). We quantified more than 70 PCs and confirmed that a majority are present in isobaric and isomeric mixtures. The FA content determined by this method was comparable to that obtained using GC with flame ionization detection, supporting the quantitative nature of this MS method. This methodology will provide more in-depth biomarker information for clinical and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Zacek
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203 .,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Bukowski
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Thad A Rosenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota; Grand Forks, ND 58201
| | - Matthew Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota; Grand Forks, ND 58201
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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Is a Key Determinant of Membrane Lipid Composition in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162047. [PMID: 27632198 PMCID: PMC5025088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a lipogenic enzyme important for the regulation of membrane lipid homeostasis; dysregulation likely contributes to obesity associated metabolic disturbances. SCD1 catalyses the Δ9 desaturation of 12-19 carbon saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. To understand its influence in cellular lipid composition we investigated the effect of genetic ablation of SCD1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes on membrane microdomain lipid composition at the species-specific level. Using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified 70 species of ceramide, mono-, di- and trihexosylceramide, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, phosphatidylinositol and cholesterol in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in which a 90% reduction in scd1 mRNA expression was achieved with siRNA. Cholesterol content was unchanged although decreases in other lipids resulted in cholesterol accounting for a higher proportion of lipid in the membranes. This was associated with decreased membrane lateral diffusion. An increased ratio of 24:0 to 24:1 in ceramide, mono- and dihexosylceramide, and sphingomyelin likely also contributed to this decrease in lateral diffusion. Of particular interest, we observed a decrease in phospholipids containing arachidonic acid. Given the high degree of structural flexibility of this acyl chain this will influence membrane lateral diffusion, and is likely responsible for the transcriptional activation of Lands' cycle enzymes lpcat3 and mboat7. Of relevance these profound changes in the lipidome were not accompanied by dramatic changes in gene expression in mature differentiated adipocytes, suggesting that adaptive homeostatic mechanisms to ensure partial maintenance of the biophysical properties of membranes likely occur at a post-transcriptional level.
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Narváez-Rivas M, Zhang Q. Comprehensive untargeted lipidomic analysis using core-shell C30 particle column and high field orbitrap mass spectrometer. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1440:123-134. [PMID: 26928874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of untargeted lipidomics is to have high throughput, yet comprehensive and unambiguous identification and quantification of lipids. Novel stationary phases in LC separation and new mass spectrometric instruments capable of high mass resolving power and faster scanning rate are essential to achieving this goal. In this work, 4 reversed phase LC columns coupled with a high field quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer (Q Exactive HF) were thoroughly compared using complex lipid standard mixture and rat plasma and liver samples. A good separation of all lipids was achieved in 24min of gradient. The columns compared include C30 and C18 functionalization on either core-shell or totally porous silica particles, with size ranging from 1.7 to 2.6μm. Accucore C30 column showed the narrowest peaks and highest theoretical plate number, and excellent peak capacity and retention time reproducibility (<1% standard deviation). As a result, it resulted in 430 lipid species identified from rat plasma and rat liver samples with highest confidence. The high resolution offered by the up-front RPLC allowed discrimination of cis/trans isomeric lipid species, and the high field orbitrap mass spectrometer afforded the clear distinction of isobaric lipid species in full scan MS and the unambiguous assignment of sn-positional isomers for lysophospholipids in MS/MS. Taken together, the high efficiency LC separation and high mass resolving MS analysis are very promising tools for untargeted lipidomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Narváez-Rivas
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
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Kiełbowicz G, Chojnacka A, Gliszczyńska A, Gładkowski W, Kłobucki M, Niezgoda N, Wawrzeńczyk C. Positional analysis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine via LC with a charged aerosol detector. Talanta 2015; 141:137-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Urquhart P, Wang J, Woodward DF, Nicolaou A. Identification of prostamides, fatty acyl ethanolamines, and their biosynthetic precursors in rabbit cornea. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1419-33. [PMID: 26031663 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonoyl ethanolamine (anandamide) and pros-taglandin ethanolamines (prostamides) are biologically active derivatives of arachidonic acid. Although available through different precursor phospholipids, there is considerable overlap between the biosynthetic pathways of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids and anandamide-derived prostamides. Prostamides exhibit physiological actions and are involved in ocular hypotension, smooth muscle contraction, and inflammatory pain. Although topical application of bimatoprost, a structural analog of prostaglandin F2α ethanolamide (PGF2α-EA), is currently a first-line treatment for ocular hypertension, the endogenous production of prostamides and their biochemical precursors in corneal tissue has not yet been reported. In this study, we report the presence of anandamide, palmitoyl-, stearoyl-, α-linolenoyl docosahexaenoyl-, linoleoyl-, and oleoyl-ethanolamines in rabbit cornea, and following treatment with anandamide, the formation of PGF2α-EA, PGE2-EA, PGD2-EA by corneal extracts (all analyzed by LC/ESI-MS/MS). A number of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines, precursors of anandamide and other fatty acyl ethanolamines, were also identified in corneal lipid extracts using ESI-MS/MS. These findings suggest that the prostamide and fatty acid ethanolamine pathways are operational in the cornea and may provide valuable insight into corneal physiology and their potential influence on adjacent tissues and the aqueous humor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Urquhart
- Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenny Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA
| | | | - Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, UK
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46
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Combining liquid chromatography with ozone-induced dissociation for the separation and identification of phosphatidylcholine double bond isomers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5053-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mitchell T, Blanksby S, Kozlowskia R. Separation and identification of phosphatidylcholine regioisomers by combining liquid chromatography with a fusion of collision-and ozone-induced dissociation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:191-200. [PMID: 26307699 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of closely related lipid isomers is increasingly important to our evolving understanding of lipid biochemistry but it is equally challenging to contemporary chromatographic and mass spectral analyses. Recently, we described a novel ion-activation approach based on combining collision- with ozone-induced dissociation (CID/OzID) for the identification of the relative acyl chain substitution positions in glycerophospholipids. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that CID/OzID can be effectively combined with reversed-phase chromatography to enable the separation and unambiguous identification of regioisomeric pairs of phosphatidylcholines that differ only in the arrangement of acyl chains on the glycerol backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Mitchell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Stephen Blanksby
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD, 4001, Australia.
| | - Rachel Kozlowskia
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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48
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Sun C, Zhao YY, Curtis JM. Elucidation of phosphatidylcholine isomers using two dimensional liquid chromatography coupled in-line with ozonolysis mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1351:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Maccarone AT, Duldig J, Mitchell TW, Blanksby SJ, Duchoslav E, Campbell JL. Characterization of acyl chain position in unsaturated phosphatidylcholines using differential mobility-mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1668-77. [PMID: 24939921 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m046995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids (GPs) that differ in the relative position of the two fatty acyl chains on the glycerol backbone (i.e., sn-positional isomers) can have distinct physicochemical properties. The unambiguous assignment of acyl chain position to an individual GP represents a significant analytical challenge. Here we describe a workflow where phosphatidylcholines (PCs) are subjected to ESI for characterization by a combination of differential mobility spectrometry and MS (DMS-MS). When infused as a mixture, ions formed from silver adduction of each phospholipid isomer {e.g., [PC (16:0/18:1) + Ag](+) and [PC (18:1/16:0) + Ag](+)} are transmitted through the DMS device at discrete compensation voltages. Varying their relative amounts allows facile and unambiguous assignment of the sn-positions of the fatty acyl chains for each isomer. Integration of the well-resolved ion populations provides a rapid method (< 3 min) for relative quantification of these lipid isomers. The DMS-MS results show excellent agreement with established, but time-consuming, enzymatic approaches and also provide superior accuracy to methods that rely on MS alone. The advantages of this DMS-MS method in identification and quantification of GP isomer populations is demonstrated by direct analysis of complex biological extracts without any prior fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Maccarone
- School of Chemistry University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Jackson Duldig
- School of Chemistry University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Abe Y, Honsho M, Nakanishi H, Taguchi R, Fujiki Y. Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulate in phosphatidylcholine of fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger syndrome and acyl-CoA oxidase1 deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:610-9. [PMID: 24418004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles that function in multiple anabolic and catabolic processes, including β-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and biosynthesis of ether phospholipids. Peroxisomal disorders caused by defects in peroxisome biogenesis or peroxisomal β-oxidation manifest as severe neural disorders of the central nervous system. Abnormal peroxisomal metabolism is thought to be responsible for the clinical symptoms of these diseases, but their molecular pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. We performed lipidomic analysis to identify aberrant metabolites in fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger syndrome (ZS), acyl-CoA oxidase1 (AOx) deficiency, D-bifunctional protein (D-BP) and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), as well as in peroxisome-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants. In cells deficient in peroxisomal biogenesis, plasmenylethanolamine was remarkably reduced and phosphatidylethanolamine was increased. Marked accumulation of very-long-chain saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine was observed in all mutant cells. Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC-PUFA) levels were significantly elevated, whilst phospholipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) were reduced in fibroblasts from patients with ZS, AOx deficiency, and D-BP deficiency, but not in fibroblasts from an X-ALD patient. Because patients with AOx deficiency suffer from more severe symptoms than those with X-ALD, accumulation of VLC-PUFA and/or reduction of DHA may be associated with the severity of peroxisomal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Abe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Masanori Honsho
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakanishi
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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