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Komaki S, Takeuchi H, Hamamura Y, Heese M, Hashimoto T, Schnittger A. Functional Analysis of the Plant Chromosomal Passenger Complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1586-1599. [PMID: 32461300 PMCID: PMC7401102 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Aurora B kinase, encoded by the AURORA 3 (AUR3) gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), is a key regulator of cell division in all eukaryotes. Aurora B has at least two central functions during cell division; it is essential for the correct, i.e. balanced, segregation of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis by controlling kinetochore function, and it acts at the division plane, where it is necessary to complete cytokinesis. To accomplish these two spatially distinct functions, Aurora B in animals is guided to its sites of action by Borealin, inner centromere protein (INCENP), and Survivin, which, together with Aurora B, form the chromosome passenger complex (CPC). However, besides Aurora homologs, only a candidate gene with restricted homology to INCENP has been described in Arabidopsis, raising the question of whether a full complement of the CPC exists in plants and how Aurora homologs are targeted subcellularly. Here, we have identified and functionally characterized a Borealin homolog, BOREALIN RELATED (BORR), in Arabidopsis. Together with detailed localization studies including the putative Arabidopsis INCENP homolog, these results support the existence of a CPC in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Komaki
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Department of Developmental Biology, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hidenori Takeuchi
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Department of Developmental Biology, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maren Heese
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Department of Developmental Biology, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Department of Developmental Biology, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
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Bonner MK, Haase J, Saunders H, Gupta H, Li BI, Kelly AE. The Borealin dimerization domain interacts with Sgo1 to drive Aurora B-mediated spindle assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2207-2218. [PMID: 32697622 PMCID: PMC7550704 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-05-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which includes the kinase Aurora B, is a master regulator of meiotic and mitotic processes that ensure the equal segregation of chromosomes. Sgo1 is thought to play a major role in the recruitment of the CPC to chromosomes, but the molecular mechanism and contribution of Sgo1-dependent CPC recruitment is currently unclear. Using Xenopus egg extracts and biochemical reconstitution, we found that Sgo1 interacts directly with the dimerization domain of the CPC subunit Borealin. Borealin and the PP2A phosphatase complex can bind simultaneously to the coiled-coil domain of Sgo1, suggesting that Sgo1 can integrate Aurora B and PP2A activities to modulate Aurora B substrate phosphorylation. A Borealin mutant that specifically disrupts the Sgo1–Borealin interaction results in defects in CPC chromosomal recruitment and Aurora B–dependent spindle assembly, but not in spindle assembly checkpoint signaling at unattached kinetochores. These findings establish a direct molecular connection between Sgo1 and the CPC and have major implications for the different functions of Aurora B, which promote the proper interaction between spindle microtubules and chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kate Bonner
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Julian Haase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hayden Saunders
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hindol Gupta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Biyun Iris Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alexander E Kelly
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Zhang C, Zhao L, Leng L, Zhou Q, Zhang S, Gong F, Xie P, Lin G. CDCA8 regulates meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation during human oocyte meiosis. Gene 2020; 741:144495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bekier ME, Mazur T, Rashid MS, Taylor WR. Borealin dimerization mediates optimal CPC checkpoint function by enhancing localization to centromeres and kinetochores. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6775. [PMID: 25854549 PMCID: PMC4392389 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) localizes to centromeres where it activates the mitotic checkpoint in response to inappropriate inter-kinetochore tension. This error correction function is essential for proper chromosome segregation. Here we define several critical features of CPC localization and function. First, the Borealin dimerization domain suppresses dynamic exchange at the centromere to allow optimal CPC function. Second, Borealin dimerization is essential to target a subpopulation of CPC proximal to the kinetochore when the mitotic spindle is disrupted. This subpopulation is also needed for full CPC checkpoint function. The existence of a pool of CPC at the kinetochore suggests that error correction is more complicated than predicted from the Aurora B phosphorylation gradient model. Finally, Haspin kinase plays a key role in maintaining the slowly exchanging centromere Borealin pool, while Aurora B and Mps1 play minimal roles in maintaining CPC localization once cells are in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Bekier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, MS 601, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Travis Mazur
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, MS 601, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Maisha S Rashid
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, MS 601, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - William R Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, MS 601, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
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Fackler M, Wolter P, Gaubatz S. The GAR domain of GAS2L3 mediates binding to the chromosomal passenger complex and is required for localization of GAS2L3 to the constriction zone during abscission. FEBS J 2014; 281:2123-35. [PMID: 24571573 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
GAS2L3 is a recently identified tubulin- and actin-binding protein that regulates cytokinesis and abscission. In this study we show that GAS2L3 interacts with the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which plays key roles in mitosis and cytokinesis. Biochemical assays show that GAS2L3 directly interacts with the C-terminus of borealin and the N-terminus of survivin. We find that the interaction between these two CPC subunits and GAS2L3 is mediated by the conserved GAR domain of GAS2L3. We further show that the GAR domain of GAS2L3 is required for localization of GAS2L3 to the constriction zone. Taken together these data suggest that GAS2L3 is a downstream effector of the CPC during cytokinetic abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fackler
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
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Kreis NN, Sanhaji M, Rieger MA, Louwen F, Yuan J. p21Waf1/Cip1 deficiency causes multiple mitotic defects in tumor cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:5716-28. [PMID: 24317508 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a multifaceted molecule, p21 plays multiple critical roles in cell cycle regulation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair, senescence, aging and stem cell reprogramming. The important roles of p21 in the interphase of the cell cycle have been intensively investigated. The function of p21 in mitosis has been proposed but not systematically studied. We show here that p21 is abundant in mitosis and binds to and inhibits the activity of Cdk1/cyclin B1. Deficiency of p21 prolongs the duration of mitosis by extending metaphase, anaphase and cytokinesis. The activity of Aurora B is reduced and the localization of Aurora B on the central spindle is disturbed in anaphase cells without p21. Moreover, HCT116 p21-/-, HeLa and Saos-2 cells depleted of p21 encounter problems in chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Gently inhibiting the mitotic Cdk1 or add-back of p21 rescues segregation defect in HCT116 p21-/- cells. Our data demonstrate that p21 is important for a fine-tuned control of the Cdk1 activity in mitosis, and its proper function facilitates a smooth mitotic progression. Given that p21 is downregulated in the majority of tumors, either by the loss of tumor suppressors like p53 or by hyperactive oncogenes such as c-myc, this finding also sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms by which p21 functions as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-N Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M A Rieger
- 1] Department of Hematology/Oncology, J W Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, Germany [2] Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany [3] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany [4] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Frankfurt, Germany
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Carmena M, Wheelock M, Funabiki H, Earnshaw WC. The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC): from easy rider to the godfather of mitosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13:789-803. [PMID: 23175282 PMCID: PMC3729939 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Successful cell division requires the precise and timely coordination of chromosomal, cytoskeletal and membrane trafficking events. These processes are regulated by the competing actions of protein kinases and phosphatases. Aurora B is one of the most intensively studied kinases. In conjunction with inner centromere protein (INCENP), borealin (also known as Dasra) and survivin it forms the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). This complex targets to different locations at differing times during mitosis, where it regulates key mitotic events: correction of chromosome-microtubule attachment errors; activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint; and construction and regulation of the contractile apparatus that drives cytokinesis. Our growing understanding of the CPC has seen it develop from a mere passenger riding on the chromosomes to one of the main controllers of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Carmena
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, ICB Michael Swann Building, King's Buildings Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR Scotland, UK.
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