1
|
Lopes AR, Low M, Martín-Hernández R, de Miranda JR, Pinto MA. Varroa destructor shapes the unique viral landscapes of the honey bee populations of the Azores archipelago. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012337. [PMID: 38959190 PMCID: PMC11221739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide dispersal of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor from its Asian origins has fundamentally transformed the relationship of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) with several of its viruses, via changes in transmission and/or host immunosuppression. The extent to which honey bee-virus relationships change after Varroa invasion is poorly understood for most viruses, in part because there are few places in the world with several geographically close but completely isolated honey bee populations that either have, or have not, been exposed long-term to Varroa, allowing for separate ecological, epidemiological, and adaptive relationships to develop between honey bees and their viruses, in relation to the mite's presence or absence. The Azores is one such place, as it contains islands with and without the mite. Here, we combined qPCR with meta-amplicon deep sequencing to uncover the relationship between Varroa presence, and the prevalence, load, diversity, and phylogeographic structure of eight honey bee viruses screened across the archipelago. Four viruses were not detected on any island (ABPV-Acute bee paralysis virus, KBV-Kashmir bee virus, IAPV-Israeli acute bee paralysis virus, BeeMLV-Bee macula-like virus); one (SBV-Sacbrood virus) was detected only on mite-infested islands; one (CBPV-Chronic bee paralysis virus) occurred on some islands, and two (BQCV-Black queen cell virus, LSV-Lake Sinai virus,) were present on every single island. This multi-virus screening builds upon a parallel survey of Deformed wing virus (DWV) strains that uncovered a remarkably heterogeneous viral landscape featuring Varroa-infested islands dominated by DWV-A and -B, Varroa-free islands naïve to DWV, and a refuge of the rare DWV-C dominating the easternmost Varroa-free islands. While all four detected viruses investigated here were affected by Varroa for one or two parameters (usually prevalence and/or the Richness component of ASV diversity), the strongest effect was observed for the multi-strain LSV. Varroa unambiguously led to elevated prevalence, load, and diversity (Richness and Shannon Index) of LSV, with these results largely shaped by LSV-2, a major LSV strain. Unprecedented insights into the mite-virus relationship were further gained from implementing a phylogeographic approach. In addition to enabling the identification of a novel LSV strain that dominated the unique viral landscape of the easternmost islands, this approach, in combination with the recovered diversity patterns, strongly suggests that Varroa is driving the evolutionary change of LSV in the Azores. This study greatly advances the current understanding of the effect of Varroa on the epidemiology and adaptive evolution of these less-studied viruses, whose relationship with Varroa has thus far been poorly defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Lopes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Matthew Low
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raquel Martín-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), IRIAF, Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Marchamalo, Spain
| | | | - M. Alice Pinto
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Domingues CEC, Šimenc L, Toplak I, de Graaf DC, De Smet L, Verbeke W, Peelman L, Ansaloni LS, Gregorc A. Eggs sampling as an effective tool for identifying the incidence of viruses in honey bees involved in artificial queen rearing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9612. [PMID: 38671077 PMCID: PMC11053070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Carniolan honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) plays an essential role in crop pollination, environment diversity, and the production of honey bee products. However, the health of individual honey bees and their colonies is under pressure due to multiple stressors, including viruses as a significant threat to bees. Monitoring various virus infections could be a crucial selection tool during queen rearing. In the present study, samples from all developmental stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, and queens) were screened for the incidence of seven viruses during queen rearing in Slovenia. The screening of a total of 108 samples from five queen breeders was performed by the RT-qPCR assays. The results showed that the highest incidence was observed for black queen cell virus (BQCV), Lake Sinai virus 3 (LSV3), deformed wing virus B (DWV-B), and sacbrood virus (SBV). The highest viral load was detected in queens (6.07 log10 copies/queen) and larvae (5.50 log10 copies/larva) for BQCV, followed by SBV in larvae (5.47 log10 copies/larva). When comparing all the honey bee developmental stages, the eggs exhibited general screening for virus incidence and load in queen mother colonies. The results suggest that analyzing eggs is a good indicator of resilience to virus infection during queen development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio E C Domingues
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311, Hoče, Slovenia.
| | - Laura Šimenc
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Toplak
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dirk C de Graaf
- Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lina De Smet
- Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Verbeke
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Peelman
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leticia S Ansaloni
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311, Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Gregorc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311, Hoče, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen TT, Yoo MS, Truong AT, Youn SY, Kim DH, Lee SJ, Yoon SS, Cho YS. Prevalence and genome features of lake sinai virus isolated from Apis mellifera in the Republic of Korea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299558. [PMID: 38502683 PMCID: PMC10950237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lake Sinai Virus (LSV) is an emerging pathogen known to affect the honeybee (Apis mellifera). However, its prevalence and genomic characteristics in the Republic of Korea (ROK) remain unexplored. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and analyze the LSVs by examining 266 honeybee samples from the ROK. Our findings revealed that LSV exhibited the highest infection rate among the pathogens observed in Korean apiaries, particularly during the reported period of severe winter loss (SWL) in A. mellifera apiaries in 2022. Three LSV genotypes- 2, 3, and 4 -were identified using RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene analysis. Importantly, the infection rates of LSV2 (65.2%) and LSV3 (73.3%) were significantly higher in colonies experiencing SWL than in those experiencing normal winter loss (NWL) (p < 0.03). Furthermore, this study provides the first near-complete genome sequences of the Korean LSV2, LSV3, and LSV4 strains, comprising 5,759, 6,040, and 5,985 nt, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on these near-complete genome sequences demonstrated a close relationship between LSVs in the ROK and China. The high LSV infection rate in colonies experiencing a heightened mortality rate during winter suggests that this pathogen might contribute to SWL in ROK. Moreover, the genomic characteristic information on LSVs in this study holds immense potential for epidemiological information and the selection of specific genes suitable for preventing and treating LSV, including the promising utilization of RNA interference medicine in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thu Nguyen
- Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Laboratory of Parasitic and Honeybee Diseases, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science & Technology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Mi-Sun Yoo
- Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Laboratory of Parasitic and Honeybee Diseases, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Tai Truong
- Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Laboratory of Parasitic and Honeybee Diseases, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
| | - So Youn Youn
- Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Laboratory of Parasitic and Honeybee Diseases, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Laboratory of Parasitic and Honeybee Diseases, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ji Lee
- Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Laboratory of Parasitic and Honeybee Diseases, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Laboratory of Parasitic and Honeybee Diseases, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sang Cho
- Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Laboratory of Parasitic and Honeybee Diseases, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Phokasem P, Sinpoo C, Attasopa K, Krongdang S, Chantaphanwattana T, Ling TC, Pettis JS, Chantawannakul P, Chaimanee V, Disayathanoowat T. Preliminary Survey of Pathogens in the Asian Honey Bee ( Apis cerana) in Thailand. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020438. [PMID: 36836795 PMCID: PMC9965378 DOI: 10.3390/life13020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread parasites, along with emerging threats, globalization, and climate change, have greatly affected honey bees' health, leading to colony losses worldwide. In this study, we investigated the detection of biotic stressors (i.e., viruses, microsporidian, bacteria, and fungi) in Apis cerana by surveying the colonies across different regions of Thailand (Chiang Mai in the north, Nong Khai and Khon Kaen in the northeast, and Chumphon and Surat Thani in the south, in addition to the Samui and Pha-ngan islands). In this study, we detected ABPV, BQCV, LSV, and Nosema ceranae in A. cerana samples through RT-PCR. ABPV was only detected from the samples of Chiang Mai, whereas we found BQCV only in those from Chumphon. LSV was detected only in the samples from the Samui and Pha-ngan islands, where historically no managed bees are known. Nosema ceranae was found in all of the regions except for Nong Khai and Khon Kaen in northeastern Thailand. Paenibacillus larvae and Ascosphaera apis were not detected in any of the A. cerana samples in this survey. The phylogenetic tree analysis of the pathogens provided insights into the pathogens' movements and their distribution ranges across different landscapes, indicating the flow of pathogens among the honey bees. Here, we describe the presence of emerging pathogens in the Asian honey bee as a valuable step in our understanding of these pathogens in terms of the decline in eastern honey bee populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Phokasem
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Sinpoo
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Korrawat Attasopa
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiprapa Krongdang
- Faculty of Science and Social Sciences, Burapha University Sa Kaeo Campus, Sa Kaeo 27160, Thailand
| | - Thunyarat Chantaphanwattana
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tial C. Ling
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Panuwan Chantawannakul
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Veeranan Chaimanee
- Department of Agro-Industrial Biotechnology, Maejo University Phrae Campus, Phrae 54140, Thailand
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (T.D.); Tel.: +66-871744049 (V.C.); +66-817249624 (T.D.)
| | - Terd Disayathanoowat
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (T.D.); Tel.: +66-871744049 (V.C.); +66-817249624 (T.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen NC, Wang CH, Yoshimura M, Yeh YQ, Guan HH, Chuankhayan P, Lin CC, Lin PJ, Huang YC, Wakatsuki S, Ho MC, Chen CJ. Structures of honeybee-infecting Lake Sinai virus reveal domain functions and capsid assembly with dynamic motions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:545. [PMID: 36726015 PMCID: PMC9892032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structural diversity of honeybee-infecting viruses is critical to maintain pollinator health and manage the spread of diseases in ecology and agriculture. We determine cryo-EM structures of T = 4 and T = 3 capsids of virus-like particles (VLPs) of Lake Sinai virus (LSV) 2 and delta-N48 LSV1, belonging to tetraviruses, at resolutions of 2.3-2.6 Å in various pH environments. Structural analysis shows that the LSV2 capsid protein (CP) structural features, particularly the protruding domain and C-arm, differ from those of other tetraviruses. The anchor loop on the central β-barrel domain interacts with the neighboring subunit to stabilize homo-trimeric capsomeres during assembly. Delta-N48 LSV1 CP interacts with ssRNA via the rigid helix α1', α1'-α1 loop, β-barrel domain, and C-arm. Cryo-EM reconstructions, combined with X-ray crystallographic and small-angle scattering analyses, indicate that pH affects capsid conformations by regulating reversible dynamic particle motions and sizes of LSV2 VLPs. C-arms exist in all LSV2 and delta-N48 LSV1 VLPs across varied pH conditions, indicating that autoproteolysis cleavage is not required for LSV maturation. The observed linear domino-scaffold structures of various lengths, made up of trapezoid-shape capsomeres, provide a basis for icosahedral T = 4 and T = 3 architecture assemblies. These findings advance understanding of honeybee-infecting viruses that can cause Colony Collapse Disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chi Chen
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hsiung Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Masato Yoshimura
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Qi Yeh
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hong-Hsiang Guan
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Phimonphan Chuankhayan
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Chih Lin
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ju Lin
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30043, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Chieh Huang
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Structural Molecular Biology, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30043, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li N, Li C, Hu T, Li J, Zhou H, Ji J, Wu J, Kang W, Holmes EC, Shi W, Xu S. Nationwide genomic surveillance reveals the prevalence and evolution of honeybee viruses in China. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 36631833 PMCID: PMC9832778 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The economic and environmental value of honeybees has been severely challenged in recent years by the collapse of their colonies worldwide, often caused by outbreaks of infectious diseases. However, our understanding of the diversity, prevalence, and transmission of honeybee viruses is largely obscure due to a lack of large-scale and longitudinal genomic surveillance on a global scale. RESULTS We report the meta-transcriptomic sequencing of nearly 2000 samples of the two most important economic and widely maintained honeybee species, as well as an associated ectoparasite mite, collected across China during 2016-2019. We document the natural diversity and evolution of honeybee viruses in China, providing evidence that multiple viruses commonly co-circulate within individual bee colonies. We also expanded the genomic data for 12 important honeybee viruses and revealed novel genetic variants and lineages associated with China. We identified more than 23 novel viruses from the honeybee and mite viromes, with some exhibiting ongoing replication in their respective hosts. Together, these data provide additional support to the idea that mites are an important reservoir and spill-over host for honeybee viruses. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that honeybee viruses are more widespread, prevalent, and genetically diverse than previously realized. The information provided is important in mitigating viral infectious diseases in honeybees, in turn helping to maintain sustainable productive agriculture on a global scale. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cixiu Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jingkai Ji
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jiangli Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weipeng Kang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Sydeny Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China.
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Shufa Xu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kwon M, Jung C, Kil EJ. Metagenomic analysis of viromes in honey bee colonies ( Apis mellifera; Hymenoptera: Apidae) after mass disappearance in Korea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1124596. [PMID: 36761901 PMCID: PMC9905416 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1124596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After the nationwide, massive winter losses of honey bees in Korea during the winter of 2021, samplings were conducted from live honey bees in colonies and dead honey bees nearby colonies in the same bee-farms in six regions in Korea. Each sample was subjected to virome analysis using high-throughput sequencing technology. The number of viral reads was the lowest in the live honey bee group sample with 370,503 reads and the highest in the dead honey bee group sample with 42,659,622 reads. Viral contigs were matched with the viral genomes of the black queen cell virus, deformed wing virus, Israeli acute paralysis virus, and sacbrood virus, all of which have been previously reported in Korea. However, Apis rhabdovirus 5, bee macula-like virus, Varroa orthomyxovirus-1, Hubei partiti-like virus 34, Lake Sinai virus 2, 3, and 4, and the Ditton virus, were also discovered in this study, which are the first records in Korea. Plant viral sequences resembling those of Arabidopsis latent virus 1, and a novel viral sequence was also discovered. In the present study 55 complete viral genome sequences were identified. This study is the first virome analysis of domestic honey bees and provides the latest information on the diversity of honey bee viruses in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhyeok Kwon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuleui Jung
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Eui-Joon Kil,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pislak Ocepek M, Glavan G, Verovnik R, Šimenc L, Toplak I. First Detection of Honeybee Pathogenic Viruses in Butterflies. INSECTS 2022; 13:925. [PMID: 36292873 PMCID: PMC9604290 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several pathogens are important causes of the observed pollinator decline, some of which could be transmitted between different pollinator species. To determine whether honeybee viruses can be transmitted to butterflies, a total of 120 butterflies were sampled at four locations in Slovenia. At each location, butterflies from three families (Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae/Lycenidae) and Carniolan honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica) were collected. The RNA of six honeybee viruses, i.e., acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus A (DWV-A), Sacbrood bee virus (SBV), and Lake Sinai virus 3 (LSV3), was detected by a specific quantitative method (RT-PCR). The presence of ABPV, BQCV, LSV3, and SBV was detected in both butterflies and honeybees. All butterfly and bee samples were negative for CBPV, while DWV-A was detected only in honeybees. The viral load in the positive butterfly samples was much lower than in the positive bee samples, which could indicate that butterflies are passive carriers of bee viruses. The percentage of positive butterfly samples was higher when the butterflies were collected at sampling sites with a higher density of apiaries. Therefore, we believe that infected bees are a necessary condition for the presence of viruses in cohabiting butterflies. This is the first study on the presence of pathogenic bee viruses in butterflies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Metka Pislak Ocepek
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gordana Glavan
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rudi Verovnik
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Laura Šimenc
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Toplak
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Two Distinct Genomic Lineages of Sinaivirus Detected in Guyanese Africanized Honey Bees. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0051222. [PMID: 35862925 PMCID: PMC9387238 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00512-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade or so, PCR-based screening programs have reported that Africanized honey bees (AHB) are also hosts to viruses commonly found in European honey bees. Very little is known about the genomic variants found in AHB. Here, we present two distinct lineages of sinaiviruses in AHB.
Collapse
|
10
|
Čukanová E, Moutelíková R, Prodělalová J. First detection of Lake Sinai virus in the Czech Republic: a potential member of a new species. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2213-2222. [PMID: 35925396 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lake Sinai virus (LSV) is one of over 20 honey bee viruses. Variants of LSV have been classified as members of two officially recognised species, Lake Sinai virus 1 and Lake Sinai virus 2. However, there are currently a limited number of whole-genome sequences, and the genetic variability of the virus indicates that additional species may need to be established. Extracted nucleic acid of 209 honey bee samples was screened by PCR for 11 honey bee viruses. LSV was the third most abundant virus (36.9% of positive samples), after Apis mellifera filamentous virus (72.2%) and deformed wing virus (52.5%). LSV-positive samples were analyzed further by PCR with primers targeting the region encoding the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Subsequently, the PCR products were sequenced, and the resulting sequences were used for a first round of phylogenetic analysis. Based on those results, several isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing, and the complete genome sequences were used for additional phylogenetic analysis. The results indicated the presence of at least three genetically distinct groups of LSV in the Czech Republic, the most prevalent one being related to LSV 2 but too dissimilar to be considered a member of the same species. Two sequences of a major LSV strain cluster native to the Czech Republic were determined, representing the first Czech LSV strains published to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Čukanová
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Jana Prodělalová
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kitamura Y, Asai T. First detection of Lake Sinai virus in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and wild arthropods in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:346-349. [PMID: 35013012 PMCID: PMC8983299 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lake Sinai virus (LSV), an RNA virus, is suspected to be associated with poor health in honeybees (Apis mellifera). We examined LSV in 26 specimens of healthy honeybees and
44 specimens of wild arthropods in the Gifu Prefecture, Japan. LSV was found more frequently in honeybee specimens (11/26, 42.3%) than in wild arthropod specimens (1/44, 2.3%)
(P<0.01). Phylogenetic and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed two lineages: LSV3 in honeybees, and LSV4 in both honeybees and wild arthropods. To our knowledge, this
is the first report of LSV prevalence in honeybees and wild arthropods in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kitamura
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University.,Gifu Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Šimenc L, Knific T, Toplak I. The Comparison of Honeybee Viral Loads for Six Honeybee Viruses (ABPV, BQCV, CBPV, DWV, LSV3 and SBV) in Healthy and Clinically Affected Honeybees with TaqMan Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Assays. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071340. [PMID: 34372546 PMCID: PMC8310196 DOI: 10.3390/v13071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral loads of acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Lake Sinai virus 3 (LSV3), and sacbrood bee virus (SBV) were determined in samples with the use of quantitative TaqMan real-time reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A total of 108 samples of healthy adult honeybees from four differently located apiaries and samples of honeybees showing different clinical signs of viral infections from 89 apiaries were collected throughout Slovenia. The aim of this study was to discover correlations between viral loads and clinical signs in adult honeybees and confirm previously set threshold viral load levels between healthy and clinically affected honeybees. Within this study, two new RT-qPCR assays for quantification of LSV3 and SBV were developed. Statistically significant differences in viral loads of positive samples were identified between healthy and clinically affected honeybees for ABPV, CBPV, DWV, and SBV, while for BQCV and LSV3, no statistical differences were observed between both groups. Despite high detected LSV3 prevalence and viral loads around 6.00 log10 viral copies/bee, this lineage probably has a limited impact on the health status of honeybee colonies. The determined viral loads between 3.94 log10 and 13.17 log10 in positive samples for six viruses, collected over 10 consecutive months, including winter, present additional information of high viral load variations in healthy honeybee colonies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Šimenc
- Virology Unit, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tanja Knific
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Ivan Toplak
- Virology Unit, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Determination of Genetically Identical Strains of Four Honeybee Viruses in Bumblebee Positive Samples. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111310. [PMID: 33207597 PMCID: PMC7697897 DOI: 10.3390/v12111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing evidence that certain types of honeybee viruses could be transmitted between different pollinators. Within a voluntary monitoring programme, 180 honeybee samples (Apis mellifera carnica) were collected from affected apiaries between 2007 and 2018. Also from August 2017 to August 2018, a total 148 samples of healthy bumblebees (Bombus lapidarius, B. pascuorum, B. terrestris, B. lucorum, B. hortorum, B. sylvarum, B. humilis) were collected at four different locations in Slovenia, and all samples were tested by using RT-PCR methods for six honeybee viruses. Direct sequencing of a total 158 positive samples (acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV n = 33), black queen cell virus (BQCV n = 75), sacbrood bee virus (SBV n = 25) and Lake Sinai virus (LSV n = 25)) was performed from obtained RT-PCR products. The genetic comparison of identified positive samples of bumblebees and detected honeybee field strains of ABPV, BQCV, SBV, and LSV demonstrated 98.74% to 100% nucleotide identity between both species. This study not only provides evidence that honeybees and bumblebees are infected with genetically identical or closely related viral strains of four endemically present honeybee viruses but also detected a high diversity of circulating strains in bumblebees, similar as was observed among honeybees. Important new genetic data for endemic strains circulating in honeybees and bumblebees in Slovenia are presented.
Collapse
|