1
|
Ashraf MZ, Mogilicherla K, Sellamuthu G, Siino V, Levander F, Roy A. Comparative gut proteomics study revealing adaptive physiology of Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1157455. [PMID: 38078109 PMCID: PMC10703158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1157455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.), is a major pest of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.), causing enormous economic losses globally. The adult stage of the I. typographus has a complex life cycle (callow and sclerotized); the callow beetles feed ferociously, whereas sclerotized male beetles are more aggressive and pioneers in establishing new colonies. We conducted a comparative proteomics study to understand male and female digestion and detoxification processes in callow and sclerotized beetles. Proteome profiling was performed using high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of >3000 proteins were identified from the bark beetle gut, and among them, 539 were differentially abundant (fold change ±2, FDR <0.05) between callow and sclerotized beetles. The differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) mainly engage with binding, catalytic activity, anatomical activity, hydrolase activity, metabolic process, and carbohydrate metabolism, and hence may be crucial for growth, digestion, detoxification, and signalling. We validated selected DAPs with RT-qPCR. Gut enzymes such as NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CYC), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and esterase (EST) play a crucial role in the I. typographus for detoxification and digesting of host allelochemicals. We conducted enzyme activity assays with them and observed a positive correlation of CYC and GST activities with the proteomic results, whereas EST activity was not fully correlated. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that callow beetles had an upregulation of proteins associated with juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis and chitin metabolism, whereas sclerotized beetles exhibited an upregulation of proteins linked to fatty acid metabolism and the TCA cycle. These distinctive patterns of protein regulation in metabolic and functional processes are specific to each developmental stage, underscoring the adaptive responses of I. typographicus in overcoming conifer defences and facilitating their survival. Taken together, it is the first gut proteomic study comparing males and females of callow and sclerotized I. typographus, shedding light on the adaptive ecology at the molecular level. Furthermore, the information about bark beetle handling of nutritionally limiting and defence-rich spruce phloem diet can be utilized to formulate RNAi-mediated beetle management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Ashraf
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Valentina Siino
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Guo Y, Sun Y, Weng M, Liao Q, Qiu R, Zou S, Wu S. Identification of two Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin-binding aminopeptidase N from Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:615-625. [PMID: 37466033 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is a quarantine pest that mainly damages plants in tropical regions, which are essential economic resources. Cry3Aa has been used to control coleopteran pests and is known to be toxic to R. ferrugineus. The binding of the Cry toxin to specific receptors on the target insect plays a crucial role in the toxicological mechanism of Cry toxins. However, in the case of R. ferrugineus, the nature and identity of the receptor proteins involved remain unknown. In the present study, pull-down assays and mass spectrometry were used to identify two proteins of aminopeptidase N proteins (RfAPN2a and RfAPN2b) in the larval midguts of R. ferrugineus. Cry3Aa was able to bind to RfAPN2a (Kd = 108.5 nM) and RfAPN2b (Kd = 68.2 nM), as well as midgut brush border membrane vesicles (Kd = 482.5 nM). In silico analysis of both RfAPN proteins included the signal peptide and anchored sites for glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol. In addition, RfAPN2a and RfAPN2b were expressed in the human embryonic kidney 293T cell line, and cytotoxicity assays showed that the transgenic cells were not susceptible to activated Cry3Aa. Our results show that RfAPN2a and RfAPN2b are Cry3Aa-binding proteins involved in the Cry3Aa toxicity of R. ferrugineus. This study deepens our understanding of the action mechanism of Cry3Aa in R. ferrugineus larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yunzhu Sun
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Mingqing Weng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Qiliao Liao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Ru Qiu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Shuangquan Zou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China, 350002
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo Y, Weng M, Sun Y, Carballar-Lejarazú R, Wu S, Lian C. Bacillus thuringiensis toxins with nematocidal activity against the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 189:107726. [PMID: 35122837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pine wilt disease is caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and it results in serious ecological and economic losses. Therefore, effective prevention and control methods for the pinewood nematode are urgently required. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a widely used microbial insecticide, produces toxins that are toxic to several species of parasitic nematodes, however, its effects on B. xylophilus have not been determined. In this study, Cry5Ba3, App6Aa2, Cry12Aa1, Cry13Aa1, Cry14Aa1, Cry21Aa3, Cry21Fa1, Xpp55Aa1, and Cyt8Aa1 toxins' nematocidal activity against B. xylophilus was evaluated, six toxins with high toxicity were identified: App6Aa2 (LC50 = 49.71 μg/mL), Cry13Aa1 (LC50 = 53.17 μg/mL), Cry12Aa1 (LC50 = 58.88 μg/mL), Cry5Ba3 (LC50 = 63.99 μg/mL), Xpp55Aa1 (LC50 = 65.14 μg/mL), and Cyt8Aa1 (LC50 = 96.50 μg/mL). The six toxins caused shrinkage and thinning of the intestinal cells, contraction of the intestine from the body wall, vacuolization, and degenerated appearance of the pinewood nematodes. The results of this study provide basic information to study the action mechanism of nematocidal toxins on the pinewood nematode and direction for the use of nematocidal toxins in the biological control of B. xylophilus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Mingqing Weng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Yunzhu Sun
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Rebeca Carballar-Lejarazú
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China.
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuwar SS, Mishra R, Banerjee R, Milligan J, Rydel T, Du Z, Xie Z, Ivashuta S, Kouadio JL, Meyer JM, Bonning BC. Engineering of Cry3Bb1 provides mechanistic insights toward countering western corn rootworm resistance. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100033. [PMID: 36003270 PMCID: PMC9387510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cry3Bb1 engineering for receptor retargeting to counter WCR resistance described Phage display screens against BBMV or recombinant insecticidal-protein receptors 77 gut binding peptides selected and engineered into 284 new variants of Cry3Bb1 112 variants were active against susceptible but not resistant WCR Engineering of Cry3Bb1 Domain II loops 1 and 2 disrupted insecticidal activity Sites for Cry3Bb1 engineering and implications for Cry3Bb1 resistance discussed
The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is an economically important pest of corn (maize) in North America and Europe. Current management practices for WCR involve transgenic expression of insecticidal proteins to minimize larval feeding damage to corn roots. The evolution of resistant WCR populations to transgenic corn expressing insecticidal proteins (e.g. Cry3Bb1, Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1) necessitates efforts to discover and deploy new modes of action for WCR control. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the addition of short peptides selected for binding to the WCR gut would restore insecticidal activity of Cry3Bb1 to resistant insects. Phage display technology coupled with deep sequencing was used to identify peptides selected for binding to WCR brush border membrane vesicles and to recombinant putative receptors aminopeptidase and cadherin. The binding and specificity of selected peptides was confirmed by ELISA and pull-down assays, and candidate gut surface binding partners were identified. Although production of 284 novel Cry3Bb1 variants with these peptides did not restore activity against resistant WCR in artificial diet bioassays, 112 variants were active against susceptible insects. These results provided insights for the mechanism of Cry3Bb1 activity and toward engineering a new mode-of-action via receptor re-targeting in the context of protein structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyog S. Kuwar
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ruchir Mishra
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason Milligan
- Bayer U.S., Research and Development, Crop Science Plant Biotechnology, Chesterfield, MO, 63017 USA
| | - Timothy Rydel
- Bayer U.S., Research and Development, Crop Science Plant Biotechnology, Chesterfield, MO, 63017 USA
| | - Zijin Du
- Bayer U.S., Research and Development, Crop Science Plant Biotechnology, Chesterfield, MO, 63017 USA
| | - Zhidong Xie
- Bayer U.S., Research and Development, Crop Science Plant Biotechnology, Chesterfield, MO, 63017 USA
| | - Sergey Ivashuta
- Bayer U.S., Research and Development, Crop Science Plant Biotechnology, Chesterfield, MO, 63017 USA
| | - Jean-Louis Kouadio
- Bayer U.S., Research and Development, Crop Science Plant Biotechnology, Chesterfield, MO, 63017 USA
| | - Jason M. Meyer
- Bayer U.S., Research and Development, Crop Science Plant Biotechnology, Chesterfield, MO, 63017 USA
| | - Bryony C. Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, PO Box 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611.
| |
Collapse
|