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Dimase M, Rossitto De Marchi B, Barreto da Silva F, Lahiri S, Beuzelin J, Hutton S, Smith HA. Monitoring the susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to afidopyropen, cyantraniliprole, dinotefuran, and flupyradifurone in south Florida vegetable fields. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 117:1606-1615. [PMID: 38748560 PMCID: PMC11318622 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) is a significant pest that damages a wide range of high-value vegetable crops in south Florida. This pest has demonstrated the ability to develop resistance to various insecticide groups worldwide. Monitoring the resistance levels of MEAM1 populations and maintaining baseline susceptibility data are crucial for the long-term effectiveness of insecticide management strategies. We conducted serial dilution bioassays on 15 field populations of MEAM1 collected in south Florida to assess their resistance to 4 key insecticides: afidopyropen, cyantraniliprole, dinotefuran, and flupyradifurone. To quantify resistance levels, resistance ratios (RR) were generated by comparing the LC50 values of field populations to those of a known susceptible MEAM1 colony reared in the laboratory. Our findings reveal that all field-collected populations were susceptible to dinotefuran (RR 1-8) and flupyradifurone (RR 2-8). While over 80% of the populations tested were susceptible to afidopyropen (RR 1-9), 2 populations exhibited low (RR 38) and moderate resistance (RR 51), respectively. In contrast, most of the populations (57%) showed low to moderate resistance to cyantraniliprole (RR 21-78), and the remaining populations were susceptible (RR 3-10). The 2 populations with resistance to afidopyropen also exhibited moderate resistance to cyantraniliprole. Further research in this direction can aid in refining insecticide resistance management programs in Florida and other regions where B. tabaci MEAM1 is a major pest. Exploring the implications of these findings will be essential for insecticide use and integrated pest management strategies in south Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Dimase
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Bruno Rossitto De Marchi
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Felipe Barreto da Silva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Sriyanka Lahiri
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Julien Beuzelin
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA
| | - Sam Hutton
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Hugh Adam Smith
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
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Dimase M, Lahiri S, Beuzelin J, Hutton S, Smith HA. Evaluation of Biopesticides for Management of Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Florida. INSECTS 2024; 15:438. [PMID: 38921153 PMCID: PMC11204018 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, is a pest known to significantly impact tomato development and yields through direct damage and virus transmission. To manage this pest, the current study compared the effectiveness of various insecticide rotations. Field trials included rotations involving synthetic insecticides, biochemicals, and microbial agents, applied according to their highest labeled concentrations. The results indicated that while standard synthetic insecticides consistently reduced whitefly egg and nymph counts significantly, microbial biopesticide rotations also achieved reductions, although less consistently. This study demonstrated that while traditional chemical treatments remain highly effective, microbial biopesticides containing Beauveria bassiana and Cordyceps javanica present a viable alternative to manage MEAM1 in tomato fields. The data generated in this study provided baseline information for further investigations to determine the potential for optimizing integrated pest management (IPM) and insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies by incorporating microbial biopesticides in rotations with a variety of modes of action to sustainably manage B. tabaci MEAM1 populations in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Dimase
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA; (S.L.); (H.A.S.)
| | - Sriyanka Lahiri
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA; (S.L.); (H.A.S.)
| | - Julien Beuzelin
- Everglades Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA;
| | - Sam Hutton
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA;
| | - Hugh Adam Smith
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA; (S.L.); (H.A.S.)
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Yu H, Wu M, Li S, Li J, Zou X, Guo Z, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Kong X, Xie W. A Maximum Dose Bioassay to Assess Efficacy of Spinetoram against Cowpea Thrip Megalurothrips usitatus in China. INSECTS 2024; 15:412. [PMID: 38921127 PMCID: PMC11204267 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The bean flower thrip Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) is a severe pest on cowpeas and causes a 20-30% reduction in cowpeas in Hainan, China, with even complete crop failure in severe cases. Spinetoram is currently the most important pesticide against M. usitatus in cowpea production. In the main producing areas of cowpeas in Hainan, however, the efficacy of spinetoram against M. usitatus is not well known. In the present study, we employed the maximum dose bioassay to evaluate the efficacy of the mortality rates of adult thrips at F0 in spinetoram, freshly collected from 212 field populations of M. usitatus collected from 20 villages in the Yazhou District of Hainan. Our results showed that the mortality rates of these thrip populations exposed to spinetoram were from 3.31% to 100%. Among them, the mortality rates of 66.98% (142/212) of the populations exceeded 80%, while that of 33.96% (72/212) of the populations surpassed 90%. Only a small proportion of 0.47% (1/212) the populations exhibited a mortality rate below 10%, and 4.72% (10/212) displayed rates below 50%. Furthermore, significant differences were also observed in the mortality rates of thrips among different villages. Taken together, the maximum dosage bioassay method is a rapid and easily implemented approach providing valuable insights into the field efficacy of insecticides and offers guidance in determining the optimal dosage required in the field. Spinetoram is still effective against M. usitatus in the main producing areas of cowpeas in Hainan, but caution should be exercised in its combined use with other methods to reduce potential resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huailiang Yu
- Tropical Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Research Lab, Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China; (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mingyue Wu
- Tropical Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Research Lab, Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China; (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shaoka Li
- Tropical Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Research Lab, Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China; (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
- Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Jin Li
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China;
| | - Xiang Zou
- Tropical Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Research Lab, Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China; (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Tropical Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Research Lab, Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China; (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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Saito C, Makita E, Yamane S, Urairi C, Hoshi T, Doi M, Yoshizaki S, Hinomoto N. A new pest suction machine to control Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato greenhouses. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae097. [PMID: 38757660 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is challenging to control using chemical pesticides owing to its resistance to many insecticides. Thus, there has been an increasing demand for alternative control measures. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of a newly designed pest suction machine to manage whiteflies on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (Solanales: Solanaceae) in greenhouses over 2 seasons. The suction machine comprised a battery-powered cart with a mounted suction unit, an ultrasonic device, and green lights. Ultrasonic irradiation provided non-contact vibration, facilitating the movement of adult whiteflies away from the plants, and green lights attracted them to the suction device. This combination effectively captured whitefly adults, even with a weak suction force, saving electricity consumption. The efficacy of suction machine was further evaluated by measuring the number of whitefly adults caught by the machine and the number of adults and nymphs remaining on the tomato leaves. The whitefly population was considerably lower in the treated blocks than in the non-treated blocks in the autumn trial. The machine reduced the density of whitefly adults without using chemical pesticides. Although a lot of optimizations would be required, suction control is an additional and alternative strategy that may be incorporated in the integrated pest management of whiteflies on greenhouse tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Saito
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, 678-1 Tomigaoka, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0803, Japan
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Shizuoka Prefectural Western Agriculture and Forestry Office, 1-12-1, Chuo, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 430-0929, Japan
| | - Eiichi Makita
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, 678-1 Tomigaoka, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0803, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamane
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, 678-1 Tomigaoka, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0803, Japan
- Shizuoka Prefectural Office, 9-6 Outemachi, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 420-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Urairi
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, 360 Kusawa, Anou, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hoshi
- Pixie Dust Technologies, Inc, 4F, 2-20-5, Kandamisaki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Makoto Doi
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, 678-1 Tomigaoka, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0803, Japan
| | - Suzuka Yoshizaki
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, 678-1 Tomigaoka, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0803, Japan
- Shizuoka Prefectural Kamo Agriculture and Forestry Office, 531-1, Naka, Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0016, Japan
| | - Norihide Hinomoto
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Wen Z, Feng J, Zhu B, Xu W, Xu F, Tan H, Chu D, Guo L. Pyrifluquinazon baseline susceptibility and inhibition of Tomato chlorosis virus transmission by Bemisia tabaci. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3520-3528. [PMID: 37144964 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is associated with tomato yellow leaf disorder diseases in more than 20 countries. ToCV can be transmitted in a semipersistent manner by whitefly vectors such as Bemisia tabaci. Controlling the vector pests by using chemical insecticides is an efficient and effective approach to reduce and interrupt the virus transmission. Pyrifluquinazon is a new pyridine azomethine derivative, showing insecticidal toxicity to sucking pests by disturbing their feeding behavior. However, limited attention has been paid to the performance of pyrifluquinazon against B. tabaci and ToCV transmission. RESULT This study showed the lethal concentration of 50% (LC50 ) values of pyrifluquinazon to 22 B. tabaci field populations ranged from 0.54 to 2.44 mg L-1 , and the baseline susceptibility of B. tabaci to pyrifluquinazon was 1.24 mg L-1 with a 95% confidence limit of 0.35-1.85 mg L-1 . Pyrifluquinazon and afidopyropen did not show cross-resistance to dinotefuran and pymetrozine in B. tabaci, which both inhibited the feeding activities of B. tabaci. The antifeedant concentration of 50% (AFC50 ) values at 48 h were 0.70 mg L-1 for pyrifluquinazon and 2.13 mg L-1 for afidopyropen. Foliar application of pyrifluquinazon and afidopyropen reduced the ToCV transmission by 40.91% and 33.33%, respectively and significantly decreased the ToCV loads in tomato plants under laboratory conditions. CONCLUSION These results provided new information about the effects of modulators of the vanilloid-type transient receptor potential channel on the toxicity to B. tabaci and inhibition of ToCV transmission. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanrong Wen
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzheng Feng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fa Xu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Tan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Caspary R, Wosula EN, Issa KA, Amour M, Legg JP. Cutting Dipping Application of Flupyradifurone against Cassava Whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Impact on Its Parasitism in Cassava. INSECTS 2023; 14:796. [PMID: 37887808 PMCID: PMC10607024 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The cassava whitefly Bemisia tabaci causes damage in cassava through the feeding and vectoring of plant viruses that cause cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak diseases. This study sought to explore the efficacy of cutting dipping in flupyradifurone for whitefly control and the impact of the mode of application on whitefly parasitism under farmer field conditions. The insecticide treatment significantly reduced adult whiteflies by 41%, nymphs by 64%, and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) incidence by 16% and increased root yield by 49%. The whitefly parasitism rate by Encarsia spp. parasitoids was 27.3 and 21.1%, while Eretmocerus spp. had 26.7 and 18.0% in control and flupyradifurone, respectively, and these differences were not significant. Electropenetrography recordings of whitefly feeding behaviour on flupyradifurone-treated plants showed significantly reduced probing activity and a delay in reaching the phloem as compared to the control. The findings from this study demonstrated that cassava cutting dipping in flupyradifurone significantly reduces whitefly numbers and cassava mosaic disease incidence, thus contributing to a significant root yield increase in cassava. Flupyradifurone applied through cutting dips does not significantly impact parasitism rates in cassava fields. Routine monitoring of parasitoids and predators in insecticide-treated versus control fields should be emphasized to determine the impact of pesticides on these beneficial non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Caspary
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Steinknöck 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Everlyne N. Wosula
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania; (K.A.I.); (M.A.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Khamis A. Issa
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania; (K.A.I.); (M.A.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Massoud Amour
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania; (K.A.I.); (M.A.); (J.P.L.)
| | - James P. Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania; (K.A.I.); (M.A.); (J.P.L.)
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Cremonez PSG, Perier JD, Nagaoka MM, Simmons AM, Riley DG. Precision and Accuracy of Field Versus Laboratory Bioassay Insecticide Efficacy for the Control of Immature Bemisia tabaci. INSECTS 2023; 14:645. [PMID: 37504651 PMCID: PMC10380993 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological studies often result in reports on the limitation and sometime failures of biological assay data to predict field response to similar treatments. Nevertheless, it is widely accepted that controlled bioassays can better quantify the specific mortality response of a target pest species to a specific toxin. To quantify the relationship between whitefly bioassay and field response data, we evaluated a controlled laboratory bioassay and a concurrent cucurbit field trial method to assess insecticide efficacy for controlling the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). This was based on oviposition and nymphal development. We specifically tested the assumptions that a maximum dose bioassay would more precisely measure insecticide efficacy as compared with a comparable field spray test evaluation, and the response would be equal between the bioassay and the field as a measure of control accuracy for both adult oviposition and development of nymphal stages. To make a direct comparison, we tested the same whitefly population subsamples from 352 plots in eight cucurbit field experiments in Georgia, USA, in 2021 and 2022. The bioassays provide significantly precision for estimating proportional whitefly response. As expected, treatment-specific nonequivalence in immature whitefly counts between the bioassay and field, i.e., a lack of accuracy, only occurred with insecticides that were not highly toxic to all growth stages of whiteflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S G Cremonez
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Jermaine D Perier
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Mirela M Nagaoka
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Alvin M Simmons
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA
| | - David G Riley
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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Cremonez PSG, Perier JD, Simmons AM, Riley DG. Determining Field Insecticide Efficacy on Whiteflies with Maximum Dose Bioassays. INSECTS 2023; 14:510. [PMID: 37367326 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a rapid bioassay method to assess insecticide efficacy for controlling adult sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci in squash and cucumber crops before insecticide applications. The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a 24-hour laboratory bioassay in determining maximum dose insecticide efficacy in the field. Ten insecticides were evaluated using leaf-dip bioassays, and their effectiveness was tested across eight cucurbit field experiments in Georgia, USA, during the 2021 and 2022 field seasons. The maximum dose, defined as the highest labeled rate of an insecticide diluted in the equivalent of 935 L ha-1 of water, was used for all bioassays. Adult survival observed in the bioassay was compared to adult field count-based survival 24 h after treatment. A low concentration (1/10 rate) was used for imidacloprid, flupyradifurone, pyriproxyfen, and cyantraniliprole to assess insecticide tolerance in the whitefly population. Overall, significant positive correlation between laboratory bioassay and field efficacy was reported, explaining 50-91% of the observed variation. The addition of the low dosage was helpful, indicating that no rate response was consistent with susceptibility to the tested insecticide, while a rate response was associated with a loss of susceptibility between 2021 and 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S G Cremonez
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Jermaine D Perier
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Alvin M Simmons
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA
| | - David G Riley
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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Li K, Liu J, Geng Z, Xu W, Zhang Z, Chu D, Guo L. Resistance to dinotefuran in Bemisia tabaci in China: status and characteristics. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:833-844. [PMID: 36264629 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a serious agricultural pest worldwide. Neonicotinoids are the most important new class of synthetic insecticides used in the management of B. tabaci. However, B. tabaci populations have developed resistance to various active ingredients in neonicotinoids following long-term and widespread application. RESULTS Dinotefuran exhibited high toxicity against most B. tabaci field populations. One population (Din-R) with a high level of resistance to dinotefuran (255.6-fold) was first identified in the field. The Din-R population exhibited medium to high levels of resistance to all the tested neonicotinoid insecticides and a high level of resistance to spinetoram. Genetic inheritance analysis revealed that resistance to dinotefuran was incompletely recessive and polygenic. The synergist piperonyl butoxide significantly increased the toxicity of dinotefuran to Din-R. P450 activity in the Din-R population was 2.19-fold higher than in the susceptible population. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that 12 P450 genes were significantly upregulated in the Din-R population, of which CYP6DW5, CYP6JM1 and CYP306A1 were found to exhibit more than 3.00-fold higher expression in Din-R when using a reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of eight P450 genes was obviously induced by dinotefuran, and CYP6DW5 showed the highest expression level. After knockdown of CYP6DW5 in Din-R, the toxicity of dinotefuran increased significantly. CONCLUSION P450 had a crucial role in dinotefuran resistance in B. tabaci, and CYP6DW5 was involved in the resistance. These results provide important information for the management of resistance in B. tabaci and improve our understanding of the resistance mechanism of dinotefuran. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Liu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Geng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Enhance Systemic Resistance Significantly Reduces the Silverleaf Whitefly Population and Increases the Yield of Sweet Pepper, Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is one of the most harmful insects attacking several economic plant crops worldwide, and it has developed a resistance toward several conventional insecticides. This study was conducted to estimate the impact of potassium phosphite (PK), effective microorganisms (EMs), and salicylic acid (SA) as plant inducers, and imidacloprid (IMI) as a synthetic insecticide on the systemic acquired resistance of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) crop, whitefly population, and crop yield under greenhouse conditions. The treatment plots were sprayed with IMI, PK, EMs, SA, and water (control) on the 27th day after planting, and dinotefuran was applied when the whitefly-infestation ratio reached 3.00%. The enzymes responsible for the internal defence system, whitefly population, and crop yield were determined. Our results confirmed the idea that the PK, EMs, and SA may induce the synthesis of plant enzymes responsible for the internal defence system. The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA significantly suppressed the whitefly population compared with the control. Moreover, the reduction percentages of the whitefly population were significantly higher when using IMI and PK than EMs and SA. The IMI, PK, EMs, and SA improved the crop yield. It could be concluded that PK, EMs, and SA enhanced the systemic acquired resistance in sweet pepper crop causing high defence against the population of whitefly and might be a potent alternative to conventional insecticides and compatible with an integrated pest management program.
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