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Zhu C, Miao L, Wei K, Shi D, Gao J. Coronary microvascular dysfunction. Microvasc Res 2024; 153:104652. [PMID: 38211894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a key mechanism underlying ischemic heart disease (IHD), yet its diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. This article presents a comprehensive overview of CMD research, covering its pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, assessment techniques, risk factors, and therapeutic strategies. Additionally, it highlights the prospects for future CMD research. The article aims at advocating early and effective intervention for CMD and improving the prognosis of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Miao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangkang Wei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Corona-Rivera JR, Martínez-Duncker I, Morava E, Ranatunga W, Salinas-Marin R, González-Jaimes AM, Castillo-Reyes KA, Peña-Padilla C, Bobadilla-Morales L, Corona-Rivera A, Orozco-Vela M, Brukman-Jiménez SA. TRAPPC11-CDG muscular dystrophy: Review of 54 cases including a novel patient. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108469. [PMID: 38564972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The trafficking protein particle (TRAPP) complex is a multisubunit protein complex that functions as a tethering factor involved in intracellular trafficking. TRAPPC11, a crucial subunit of this complex, is associated with pathogenic variants that cause a spectrum of disease, which can range from a limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) to developmental disability with muscle disease, movement disorder and global developmental delay (GDD)/intellectual disability (ID), or even a congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). We reviewed the phenotype of all reported individuals with TRAPPC11-opathies, including an additional Mexican patient with novel compound heterozygous missense variants in TRAPPC11 (c.751 T > C and c.1058C > G), restricted to the Latino population. In these 54 patients muscular dystrophy signs are common (early onset muscle weakness, increased serum creatine kinase levels, and dystrophic changes in muscle biopsy). They present two main phenotypes, one with a slowly progressive LGMD with or without GDD/ID (n = 12), and another with systemic involvement characterized by short stature, GDD/ID, microcephaly, hypotonia, poor speech, seizures, cerebral atrophy, cerebellar abnormalities, movement disorder, scoliosis, liver disease, and cataracts (n = 42). In 6 of them CMD was identified. Obstructive hydrocephaly, retrocerebellar cyst, and talipes equinovarus found in the individual reported here has not been described in TRAPPC11 deficiency. As in previous patients, membrane trafficking assays in our patient showed defective abnormal endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport as well as decreased expression of LAMP2, and ICAM-1 glycoproteins. This supports previous statements that TRAPPC11-opathies are in fact a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) with muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Román Corona-Rivera
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; "Dr. Enrique Corona-Rivera" Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Laboratory of Medical Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wasantha Ranatunga
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Laboratory of Medical Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marin
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ana María González-Jaimes
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Katia Alejandra Castillo-Reyes
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Christian Peña-Padilla
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucina Bobadilla-Morales
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; "Dr. Enrique Corona-Rivera" Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Corona-Rivera
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; "Dr. Enrique Corona-Rivera" Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mireya Orozco-Vela
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sinhue Alejandro Brukman-Jiménez
- Center for Registry and Research on Congenital Anomalies (CRIAC), Division of Pediatrics, Service of Genetics and Cytogenetic Unit, "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Boerhout CKM, Vink CEM, Lee JM, de Waard GA, Mejia-Renteria H, Lee SH, Jung JH, Hoshino M, Echavarria-Pinto M, Meuwissen M, Matsuo H, Madera-Cambero M, Eftekhari A, Effat MA, Murai T, Marques K, Doh JH, Christiansen EH, Banerjee R, Nam CW, Niccoli G, Nakayama M, Tanaka N, Shin ES, Appelman Y, Beijk MAM, van Royen N, Chamuleau SAJ, Knaapen P, Escaned J, Kakuta T, Koo BK, Piek JJ, van de Hoef TP. Impact of sex on the assessment of the microvascular resistance reserve. Int J Cardiol 2024; 402:131832. [PMID: 38316189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) is an innovative index to assess the vasodilatory capacity of the coronary circulation while accounting for the presence of concomitant epicardial disease. The MRR has shown to be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool in the general coronary artery disease (CAD) population. However, considering the fundamental aspects of its assessment and the unique hemodynamic characteristics of women, it is crucial to provide additional considerations for evaluating the MRR specifically in women. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic applicability of the MRR in women and assess the potential differences across different sexes. METHODS From the ILIAS Registry, we enrolled all patients with a stable indication for invasive coronary angiography, ensuring complete physiological and follow-up data. We analyzed the diagnostic value by comparing differences between sexes and evaluated the prognostic value of the MRR specifically in women, comparing it to that in men. RESULTS A total of 1494 patients were included of which 26% were women. The correlation between MRR and CFR was good and similar between women (r = 0.80, p < 0.005) and men (r = 0.81, p < 0.005). The MRR was an independent and important predictor of MACE in both women (HR 0.67, 0.47-0.96, p = 0.027) and men (HR 0.84, 0.74-0.95, p = 0.007). The optimal cut-off value for MRR in women was 2.8 and 3.2 in men. An abnormal MRR similarly predicted MACE at 5-year follow-up in both women and men. CONCLUSION The MRR seems to be equally applicable in both women and men with stable coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C E M Vink
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joo Myung Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hernan Mejia-Renteria
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Jung
- Sejong General Hospital, Sejong Heart Institute, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Masahiro Hoshino
- Gifu Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mauro Echavarria-Pinto
- Hospital General ISSSTE Querétaro - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Hitoshi Matsuo
- Gifu Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Ashkan Eftekhari
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohamed A Effat
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tadashi Murai
- Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Tsuchiura City, Japan
| | - Koen Marques
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joon-Hyung Doh
- Department of Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | | | - Rupak Banerjee
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA; Research Services, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- Department of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Giampaolo Niccoli
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, Rome, Italy
| | - Masafumi Nakayama
- Gifu Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Toda Central General Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Toda, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanaka
- Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eun-Seok Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | | | | | - Niels van Royen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Knaapen
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, and Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tsunekazu Kakuta
- Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Tsuchiura City, Japan
| | - Bon Kwon Koo
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan J Piek
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim P van de Hoef
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Al-Khayatt B, Perera D, Rahman H. The role of coronary microvascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Am Heart J Plus 2024; 41:100387. [PMID: 38680204 PMCID: PMC11045873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common condition with few effective therapies and hence represents a major healthcare burden. The clinical syndrome of HFpEF can be caused by varying pathophysiological processes, with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) proposed as one of the aetiologies, although confirming causality has been challenging. CMD is characterised by the inability of the coronary vasculature to augment blood flow in response to a physiological stressor and has been established as the driver of angina in patients with non-obstructed coronaries (ANOCA), and this has subsequently led to efficacious endotype-directed therapies. CMD is also highly prevalent among sufferers of HFpEF and may represent a novel treatment target for this particular endotype of this condition. This review aims to discuss the role of the microcirculation in the healthy heart how it's dysfunction may precipitate HFpEF and explore the current diagnostic tools available. We also discuss the gaps in evidence and where we believe future research should be focussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becker Al-Khayatt
- The British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Divaka Perera
- The British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Haseeb Rahman
- The British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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5
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Lorkowski J, Yorkgitis P, Serrato MR, Gembicky M, Pietraszuk C, Bertrand G, Jazzar R. Genuine Carbene Versus Carbene-Like Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202401020. [PMID: 38632078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Singlet carbenes are not always isolable and often even elude direct detection. When they escape observation, their formation can sometimes be evidenced by in-situ trapping experiments. However, is carbene-like reactivity genuine evidence of carbene formation? Herein, using the first example of a spectroscopically characterized cyclic (amino)(aryl)carbene (CAArC), we cast doubt on the most common carbene trapping reactions as sufficient proof of carbene formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lorkowski
- University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Patrick Yorkgitis
- University of California San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Melinda R Serrato
- University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Milan Gembicky
- University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Guy Bertrand
- University of California San Diego, Chemistry and biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- CNRS/UCSD, Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 5213 Pacific Hall,, Department of Chemistry, 92093-0343, La jolla, UNITED STATES
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Bland A, Chuah E, Meere W, Ford TJ. Targeted Therapies for Microvascular Disease. Cardiol Clin 2024; 42:137-145. [PMID: 37949535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a common cause of ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease that results in an inability of the coronary microvasculature to meet myocardial oxygen demand. CMD is challenging to diagnose and manage due to a lack of mechanistic research and targeted therapy. Recent evidence suggests we can improved patient outcomes by stratifying antianginal therapies according to the diagnosis revealed by invasive assessment of the coronary microcirculation. This review article appraises the evidence for management of CMD, which includes treatment of cardiovascular risk, antianginal therapy and therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bland
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Eunice Chuah
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - William Meere
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Thomas J Ford
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; University of Glasgow, ICAMS, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK.
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Fawaz S, Munhoz D, Mahendiran T, Gallinoro E, Mizukami T, Khan SA, Simpson RFG, Svanerud J, Cook CM, Davies JR, Karamasis GV, De Bruyne B, Keeble TR. Assessing the Impact of Prolonged Averaging of Coronary Continuous Thermodilution Traces. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:285. [PMID: 38337801 PMCID: PMC10855808 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous Thermodilution is a novel method of quantifying coronary flow (Q) in mL/min. To account for variability of Q within the cardiac cycle, the trace is smoothened with a 2 s moving average filter. This can sometimes be ineffective due to significant heart rate variability, ventricular extrasystoles, and deep inspiration, resulting in a fluctuating temperature trace and ambiguity in the location of the "steady state". This study aims to assess whether a longer moving average filter would smoothen any fluctuations within the continuous thermodilution traces resulting in improved interpretability and reproducibility on a test-retest basis. Patients with ANOCA underwent repeat continuous thermodilution measurements. Analysis of traces were performed at averages of 10, 15, and 20 s to determine the maximum acceptable average. The maximum acceptable average was subsequently applied as a moving average filter and the traces were re-analysed to assess the practical consequences of a longer moving average. Reproducibility was then assessed and compared to a 2 s moving average. Of the averages tested, only 10 s met the criteria for acceptance. When the data was reanalysed with a 10 s moving average filter, there was no significant improvement in reproducibility, however, it resulted in a 12% diagnostic mismatch. Applying a longer moving average filter to continuous thermodilution data does not improve reproducibility. Furthermore, it results in a loss of fidelity on the traces, and a 12% diagnostic mismatch. Overall, current practice should be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Fawaz
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon Hospital, Nether Mayne, Basildon SS16 5NL, UK
- Medical Technology Research Centre (MTRC), Anglia-Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Daniel Munhoz
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Clinic, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Thabo Mahendiran
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Clinic, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Gallinoro
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Clinic, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
- Division of University Cardiology, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant’Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Takuya Mizukami
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Clinic, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, Tokyo 142-0064, Japan
| | - Sarosh A. Khan
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon Hospital, Nether Mayne, Basildon SS16 5NL, UK
- Medical Technology Research Centre (MTRC), Anglia-Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Rupert F. G. Simpson
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon Hospital, Nether Mayne, Basildon SS16 5NL, UK
- Medical Technology Research Centre (MTRC), Anglia-Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
| | | | - Christopher M. Cook
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon Hospital, Nether Mayne, Basildon SS16 5NL, UK
- Medical Technology Research Centre (MTRC), Anglia-Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - John R. Davies
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon Hospital, Nether Mayne, Basildon SS16 5NL, UK
- Medical Technology Research Centre (MTRC), Anglia-Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Grigoris V. Karamasis
- School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Bernard De Bruyne
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Clinic, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Keeble
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon Hospital, Nether Mayne, Basildon SS16 5NL, UK
- Medical Technology Research Centre (MTRC), Anglia-Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
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8
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Bland A, Chuah E, Meere W, Ford TJ. Targeted Therapies for Microvascular Disease. Heart Fail Clin 2024; 20:91-99. [PMID: 37953025 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a common cause of ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease that results in an inability of the coronary microvasculature to meet myocardial oxygen demand. CMD is challenging to diagnose and manage due to a lack of mechanistic research and targeted therapy. Recent evidence suggests we can improved patient outcomes by stratifying antianginal therapies according to the diagnosis revealed by invasive assessment of the coronary microcirculation. This review article appraises the evidence for management of CMD, which includes treatment of cardiovascular risk, antianginal therapy and therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bland
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Eunice Chuah
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - William Meere
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Thomas J Ford
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; University of Glasgow, ICAMS, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK.
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Annajigowda HH, Nirisha LP, Ganjekar S, Rao GN, Gururaj G, Varghese M, Benegal V. Common mental disorders among women in reproductive age group: An analysis of national mental health survey, India 2016. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:1238-1243. [PMID: 38298883 PMCID: PMC10826868 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_832_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Common mental disorders (CMDs) have a higher prevalence among women in their reproductive age (WRA) compared to the general population. Large Indian epidemiological studies focusing on the prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of CMDs among WRA are lacking. The associated disability and treatment gap particularly in the women population is unknown. Aim To estimate the current prevalence, correlates, disability, socioeconomic impact, and treatment gap of CMDs among WRA from a nationally representative sample from India. Materials and Methods The National Mental Health Survey of India 2016 is a multisite nationwide household survey conducted across India using a uniform methodology. Overall, 39,532 adults were surveyed with a response rate of 88%. The diagnosis was based on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0.0. CMDs among WRA (18-49 years) for this secondary analysis included depression and anxiety disorders. Results The prevalence of CMDs among WRA in India was 5.83%. Two important risk factors for CMDs included being divorced and living in the urban metro. Nearly 70% of women reported disabilities of varying severity. The overall treatment gap was around 82% (urban nonmetro > metro > rural population). On average, the cost of treatment of CMDs was ₹ 2,000 per month. Conclusion CMDs are prevalent among WRA groups with significant disabilities and treatment gaps in India. The disability and treatment gap associated with CMDs among WRA can be handled by integrating mental health into general medical/obstetric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshitha H. Annajigowda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi P. Nirisha
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sundarnag Ganjekar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Girish N. Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopalkrishna Gururaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health, WHO Collaborative Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Amor M, Bianco V, Buerger M, Lechleitner M, Vujić N, Dobrijević A, Akhmetshina A, Pirchheim A, Schwarz B, Pessentheiner AR, Baumgartner F, Rampitsch K, Schauer S, Klobučar I, Degoricija V, Pregartner G, Kummer D, Svecla M, Sommer G, Kolb D, Holzapfel GA, Hoefler G, Frank S, Norata GD, Kratky D. Genetic deletion of MMP12 ameliorates cardiometabolic disease by improving insulin sensitivity, systemic inflammation, and atherosclerotic features in mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:327. [PMID: 38017481 PMCID: PMC10685620 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) is a macrophage-secreted protein that is massively upregulated as a pro-inflammatory factor in metabolic and vascular tissues of mice and humans suffering from cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). However, the molecular mechanisms explaining the contributions of MMP12 to CMDs are still unclear. METHODS We investigated the impact of MMP12 deficiency on CMDs in a mouse model that mimics human disease by simultaneously developing adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. To this end, we generated and characterized low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)/Mmp12-double knockout (DKO) mice fed a high-fat sucrose- and cholesterol-enriched diet for 16-20 weeks. RESULTS DKO mice showed lower cholesterol and plasma glucose concentrations and improved insulin sensitivity compared with LdlrKO mice. Untargeted proteomic analyses of epididymal white adipose tissue revealed that inflammation- and fibrosis-related pathways were downregulated in DKO mice. In addition, genetic deletion of MMP12 led to alterations in immune cell composition and a reduction in plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in peripheral blood which indicated decreased low-grade systemic inflammation. Aortic en face analyses and staining of aortic valve sections demonstrated reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and collagen content, which was paralleled by an improved relaxation pattern and endothelial function of the aortic rings and more elastic aortic sections in DKO compared to LdlrKO mice. Shotgun proteomics revealed upregulation of anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective markers in the aortas of DKO mice, further supporting our data. In humans, MMP12 serum concentrations were only weakly associated with clinical and laboratory indicators of CMDs. CONCLUSION We conclude that the genetic deletion of MMP12 ameliorates obesity-induced low-grade inflammation, white adipose tissue dysfunction, biomechanical properties of the aorta, and the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting MMP12 may represent a promising approach to combat CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Amor
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Martin Buerger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Anja Dobrijević
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Anita Pirchheim
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Birgit Schwarz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Ariane R Pessentheiner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Silvia Schauer
- Diagnostics and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iva Klobučar
- Sisters of Charity, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Degoricija
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Core Facility Ultrastructural Analysis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostics and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Caspary R, Wosula EN, Issa KA, Amour M, Legg JP. Cutting Dipping Application of Flupyradifurone against Cassava Whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Impact on Its Parasitism in Cassava. Insects 2023; 14:796. [PMID: 37887808 PMCID: PMC10607024 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The cassava whitefly Bemisia tabaci causes damage in cassava through the feeding and vectoring of plant viruses that cause cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak diseases. This study sought to explore the efficacy of cutting dipping in flupyradifurone for whitefly control and the impact of the mode of application on whitefly parasitism under farmer field conditions. The insecticide treatment significantly reduced adult whiteflies by 41%, nymphs by 64%, and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) incidence by 16% and increased root yield by 49%. The whitefly parasitism rate by Encarsia spp. parasitoids was 27.3 and 21.1%, while Eretmocerus spp. had 26.7 and 18.0% in control and flupyradifurone, respectively, and these differences were not significant. Electropenetrography recordings of whitefly feeding behaviour on flupyradifurone-treated plants showed significantly reduced probing activity and a delay in reaching the phloem as compared to the control. The findings from this study demonstrated that cassava cutting dipping in flupyradifurone significantly reduces whitefly numbers and cassava mosaic disease incidence, thus contributing to a significant root yield increase in cassava. Flupyradifurone applied through cutting dips does not significantly impact parasitism rates in cassava fields. Routine monitoring of parasitoids and predators in insecticide-treated versus control fields should be emphasized to determine the impact of pesticides on these beneficial non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Caspary
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Steinknöck 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Everlyne N. Wosula
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania; (K.A.I.); (M.A.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Khamis A. Issa
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania; (K.A.I.); (M.A.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Massoud Amour
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania; (K.A.I.); (M.A.); (J.P.L.)
| | - James P. Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania; (K.A.I.); (M.A.); (J.P.L.)
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Aldujeli A, Patel R, Grabauskyte I, Hamadeh A, Lieponyte A, Tatarunas V, Khalifeh H, Briedis K, Skipskis V, Aldujeili M, Jarasuniene D, Rana S, Unikas R, Haq A. The Impact of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Coronary Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Outcomes following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050197. [PMID: 37233164 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent coronary microcirculatory dysfunction (CMD) and elevated trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may drive negative structural and electrical cardiac remodeling, resulting in new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). AIMS TMAO and CMD are investigated as potential predictors of new-onset AF and left ventricular remodeling following STEMI. METHODS This prospective study included STEMI patients who had primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) followed by staged PCI three months later. Cardiac ultrasound images were obtained at baseline and after 12 months to assess LVEF. Coronary flow reserve (CFR), and index of microvascular resistance (IMR) were assessed using the coronary pressure wire during the staged PCI. Microcirculatory dysfunction was defined as having an IMR value ≥25 U and CFR value <2.5 U. RESULTS A total of 200 patients were included in the study. Patients were categorized according to whether or not they had CMD. Neither group differed from the other with regards to known risk factors. Despite making up only 40.5% of the study population, females represented 67.4% of the CMD group p < 0.001. Similarly, CMD patients had a much higher prevalence of diabetes than those without CMD (45.7% vs. 18.2%; p < 0.001). At the one-year follow-up, the LVEF in the CMD group had decreased to significantly lower levels than those in the non-CMD group (40% vs. 50%; p < 0.001), whereas it had been higher in the CMD group at baseline (45% vs. 40%; p = 0.019). Similarly, during the follow-up, the CMD group had a greater incidence of AF (32.6% vs. 4.5%; p < 0.001). In the adjusted multivariable analysis, the IMR and TMAO were associated with increased odds of AF development (OR: 1.066, 95% CI: 1.018-1.117, p = 0.007), and (OR: 1.290, 95% CI: 1.002-1.660, p = 0.048), respectively. Similarly, elevated levels of IMR and TMAO were linked with decreased odds of LVEF improvement, while higher CFR values are related to a greater likelihood of LVEF improvement. CONCLUSIONS CMD and elevated TMAO levels were highly prevalent three months after STEMI. Patients with CMD had an increased incidence of AF and a lower LVEF 12 months after STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aldujeli
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Riddhi Patel
- HCA Medical City Healthcare UNT-TCU Graduate Medical Education Program, Arlington, TX 76015, USA
| | - Ingrida Grabauskyte
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Anas Hamadeh
- Heart & Vascular Specialists of North Texas, Arlington, TX 76014, USA
| | - Austeja Lieponyte
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vacis Tatarunas
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Hussein Khalifeh
- Kreiskrankenhaus Rotenburg an der Fulda, 36199 Rotenburg an der Fulda, Germany
| | - Kasparas Briedis
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilius Skipskis
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Dalia Jarasuniene
- Seamen's Branch, Department of Cardiology, Klaipeda University Hospital, 92288 Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Sumit Rana
- Thorndale Medical Clinic, D05 DX09 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ramunas Unikas
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ayman Haq
- Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA
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Parwani P, Kang N, Safaeipour M, Mamas MA, Wei J, Gulati M, Naidu SS, Merz NB. Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Patients with MINOCA. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:561-570. [PMID: 37067753 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is defined as acute myocardial infarction (MI) with angiographically no obstructive coronary artery disease or stenosis ≤ 50%. MINOCA is diagnostically challenging and complex, making it difficult to manage effectively. This condition accounts for 6-8% of all MI and poses an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after diagnosis. Prompt recognition and targeted management are essential to improve outcomes and our understanding of this condition, but this process is not yet standardized. This article offers a comprehensive review of MINOCA, delving deep into its unique clinical profile, invasive and noninvasive diagnostic strategies for evaluating MINOCA in light of the lack of widespread availability for comprehensive testing, and current evidence surrounding targeted therapies for patients with MINOCA. RECENT FINDINGS MINOCA is not uncommon and requires comprehensive assessment using various imaging modalities to evaluate it further. MINOCA is a heterogenous working diagnosis that requires thoughtful approach to diagnose the underlying disease responsible for MINOCA further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Parwani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Nicolas Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mary Safaeipour
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute for Prognosis Research, University of Keele, Keele, UK
| | - Janet Wei
- Barbara Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Barbara Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Srihari S Naidu
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbara Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Giannopoulos AA, Buechel RR, Kaufmann PA. Coronary microvascular disease in hypertrophic and infiltrative cardiomyopathies. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:800-810. [PMID: 35915323 PMCID: PMC10125945 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle is a commonly encountered phenotype in clinical practice, associated with a variety of structural and non-structural diseases. Coronary microvascular disease is considered to play an important role in the natural history of this pathological phenotype. Non-invasive imaging modalities, most prominently positron emission tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance, have provided insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the interplay between hypertrophy and the coronary microvasculature. This article summarizes the current knowledge on coronary microvascular dysfunction in the most frequently encountered forms of pathologic hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Giannopoulos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital and University Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronny R Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital and University Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital and University Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Bland A, Chuah E, Meere W, Ford TJ. Targeted Therapies for Microvascular Disease. Interv Cardiol Clin 2023; 12:131-139. [PMID: 36372457 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a common cause of ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease that results in an inability of the coronary microvasculature to meet myocardial oxygen demand. CMD is challenging to diagnose and manage due to a lack of mechanistic research and targeted therapy. Recent evidence suggests we can improved patient outcomes by stratifying antianginal therapies according to the diagnosis revealed by invasive assessment of the coronary microcirculation. This review article appraises the evidence for management of CMD, which includes treatment of cardiovascular risk, antianginal therapy and therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bland
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Eunice Chuah
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - William Meere
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Thomas J Ford
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital - Central Coast LHD, 75 Holden Street, Gosford, New South Wales 2250, Australia; The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; University of Glasgow, ICAMS, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK.
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16
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Mohammed AA, Zhang H, Abdu FA, Liu L, Singh S, Lv X, Shi T, Mareai RM, Mohammed A, Yin G, Zhang W, Xu Y, Che W. Effect of nonobstructive coronary stenosis on coronary microvascular dysfunction and long-term outcomes in patients with INOCA. Clin Cardiol 2022; 46:204-213. [PMID: 36567512 PMCID: PMC9933113 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic pain with no-obstructive coronary artery (INOCA) is clinically significant and defined by nonobstructive coronary stenosis <50%. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a relevant cause associated with adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVES Investigated the effect of no-stenosis (0% stenosis) and non-obstructive (0% < stenosis < 50%) on the prognostic impact of CMD in INOCA. METHOD A retrospective study assessed the coronary microvascular function in 151 INOCA patients who underwent invasive angiography by the coronary angiography-derived index of microcirculation-resistance (caIMR). CZT-SPECT was performed to evaluate myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) abnormalities. Chi-square test/Fisher exact test, Student t-test, Kaplan-Meier curve, and Uni-multivariable Cox proportional models were used for analysis. Clinical outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during a median follow-up of 35 months. RESULT No-stenosis was present in 71 (47%) INOCA patients, and 80 (53%) were with nonobstructive. CMD (caIMR ≥ 25) was more prevalent in patients with no-stenosis than nonobstructive (76.1% vs. 48.8%, p = .001), along with abnormal MPI (39.4% vs. 22.5%, p = .024). The MACE rates were not different between no-stenosis and nonobstructive stenosis. CMD showed an increased risk of MACE for all INOCA. No-stenosis with CMD had the worst prognosis. Cox regression analysis identified CMD and abnormal MPI as predictors of MACE in all INOCA and patients with no-stenosis. However, no-stenosis and nonobstructive stenosis were not predictors of MACE in INOCA. CONCLUSION CMD was more frequently present in INOCA with no-stenosis. However, there was no difference in long-term clinical outcomes between no-stenosis and nonobstructive stenosis. CMD could independently predict poor outcomes in INOCA, particularly in patients with no-stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A. Mohammed
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health ScienceTaiz UniversityTaizYemen
| | - Hengbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fuad A. Abdu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shekhar Singh
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xian Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Redhwan M. Mareai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Abdul‐Quddus Mohammed
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guoqing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenliang Che
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of CardiologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital Chongming branchShanghaiChina
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17
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Issa KA, Wosula EN, Stephano F, Legg JP. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Flupyradifurone against Bemisia tabaci on Cassava in Tanzania. Insects 2022; 13:920. [PMID: 36292868 PMCID: PMC9604256 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel butenolide insecticide-flupyradifurone (Sivanto SL 200)-was evaluated for efficacy against cassava-colonizing Bemisia tabaci whitefly under laboratory, screenhouse and field conditions. LC50 values from leaf disc spray assays were comparable for both flupyradifurone (12.7 g a.i/100 L) and imidacloprid (12.6 g a.i/100 L). Both insecticides caused high levels of adult whitefly mortality in leaf disc and leaf dip assays when compared to untreated controls. In screenhouse-based trials, longer soaking (60 min) with flupyradifurone or imidacloprid was more effective than shorter soaking durations (15 or 30 min). In field spraying experiments, flupyradifurone significantly reduced whiteflies, and both insecticides demonstrated powerful knockdown effects on whitefly adult abundances over a period up to 24 h. Single cutting dip application of flupyradifurone reduced whitefly adult abundance by 2 to 6 times, and nymphs by 2 to 13 times. Lower whitefly abundances resulting from insecticide application reduced the incidence of CMD or CBSD. In addition, in field experiments, whiteflies were fewer during the long rainy season (Masika) and on cassava variety Mkuranga1. The findings from this study demonstrate that cutting dips with flupyradifurone could be incorporated as a management tactic against cassava whiteflies. This would ideally be combined in an IPM strategy with other cassava virus and virus vector management tactics including host-plant resistance, phytosanitation and the use of clean seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamis A. Issa
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania
| | - Everlyne N. Wosula
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania
| | - Flora Stephano
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 35064, Tanzania
| | - James P. Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, Tanzania
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Shirima RR, Wosula EN, Hamza AA, Mohammed NA, Mouigni H, Nouhou S, Mchinda NM, Ceasar G, Amour M, Njukwe E, Legg JP. Epidemiological Analysis of Cassava Mosaic and Brown Streak Diseases, and Bemisia tabaci in the Comoros Islands. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102165. [PMID: 36298720 PMCID: PMC9608219 DOI: 10.3390/v14102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive assessment of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) was carried out in Comoros where cassava yield (5.7 t/ha) is significantly below the African average (8.6 t/ha) largely due to virus diseases. Observations from 66 sites across the Comoros Islands of Mwali, Ngazidja, and Ndzwani revealed that 83.3% of cassava fields had foliar symptoms of CBSD compared with 95.5% for CMD. Molecular diagnostics confirmed the presence of both cassava brown streak ipomoviruses (CBSIs) and cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs). Although real-time RT-PCR only detected the presence of one CBSI species (Cassava brown streak virus, CBSV) the second species (Ugandan cassava brown streak virus, UCBSV) was identified using next-generation high-throughput sequencing. Both PCR and HTS detected the presence of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV). African cassava mosaic virus was not detected in any of the samples. Four whitefly species were identified from a sample of 131 specimens: Bemisia tabaci, B. afer, Aleurodicus dispersus, and Paraleyrodes bondari. Cassava B. tabaci comprised two mitotypes: SSA1-SG2 (89%) and SSA1-SG3 (11%). KASP SNP genotyping categorized 82% of cassava B. tabaci as haplogroup SSA-ESA. This knowledge will provide an important base for developing and deploying effective management strategies for cassava viruses and their vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph Rufini Shirima
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Tanzania), P.O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam 14112, Tanzania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +25-52-2270-0092
| | - Everlyne Nafula Wosula
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Tanzania), P.O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam 14112, Tanzania
| | - Abdou Azali Hamza
- Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, La Pêche et L’Environnement (INRAPE), Moroni BP 1406, Comoros
| | - Nobataine Ali Mohammed
- Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, La Pêche et L’Environnement (INRAPE), Moroni BP 1406, Comoros
| | - Hadji Mouigni
- Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, La Pêche et L’Environnement (INRAPE), Moroni BP 1406, Comoros
| | - Salima Nouhou
- Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, La Pêche et L’Environnement (INRAPE), Moroni BP 1406, Comoros
| | - Naima Mmadi Mchinda
- Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, La Pêche et L’Environnement (INRAPE), Moroni BP 1406, Comoros
| | - Gloria Ceasar
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Tanzania), P.O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam 14112, Tanzania
| | - Massoud Amour
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Tanzania), P.O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam 14112, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel Njukwe
- West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF), Dakar CP 18523, Senegal
| | - James Peter Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Tanzania), P.O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam 14112, Tanzania
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Linn YL, Tay KH, Ng NZP, Lee SQ, Tang TY, Chong TT. Treatment of a Delayed Type IIIb Endoleak 20 Years Post EVAR With Inverted Contralateral Limb Custom-Made Device: A Case Report. J Endovasc Ther 2022; 30:307-311. [PMID: 35227119 DOI: 10.1177/15266028221079762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type III endoleak can be difficult to distinguish from Type I endoleak. Depending on the stent graft anatomy, the use of standard bifurcated endografts may not be technically feasible, and patients may have to be subject to an aorto-uni-iliac repair with femoral-femoral bypass or open surgery. CASE REPORT We report a case of an 86-year-old male who had a Type IIIb endoleak 20 years post EVAR which was characterized on angiography to be from a hole close to the bifurcation limb origin. The initial Talent (Medtronic, Santa Rosa, California) device had a 50 mm main body common trunk, which was not amenable to treatment with standard devices. He was successfully treated with a custom-made device with an inverted contralateral limb. CONCLUSIONS Our case highlights the need for lifelong surveillance post EVAR as endoleak may present decades post initial EVAR. It also demonstrates that many Type III endoleak which were otherwise deemed unsuitable for treatment with standard devices may potentially be treatable with custom-made device (CMD). This solution preserves a percutaneous option in a now older person which avoids surgical bypass. Further studies are required to establish the durability of this treatment and survey for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Le Linn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kiang Hiong Tay
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Nick Zhi Peng Ng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shaun Qingwei Lee
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tjun Yip Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tze Tec Chong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Zhang H, Che W, Shi K, Huang Y, Xu C, Fei M, Fan X, Zhang J, Hu X, Hu F, Qin S, Zhang X, Huang Q, Yu F. FT4/FT3 ratio: A novel biomarker predicts coronary microvascular dysfunction ( CMD) in euthyroid INOCA patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1021326. [PMID: 36187090 PMCID: PMC9520241 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1021326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) patients who presented coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) demonstrate a poor prognosis, yet the risk factors for CMD remain unclear. Subtle changes in thyroid hormone levels within the normal range, especially the free thyroxine (FT4)/free triiodothyronine (FT3) ratio, have been shown to regulate the cardiovascular system. This prospective study investigated the correlation between FT4/FT3 ratio and CMD in euthyroid patients with INOCA. METHODS This prospective study (www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR2000037112) recruited patients with myocardial ischemia symptoms who underwent both coronary angiography (CAG) and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with dynamic single-photon emission computed tomography (D-SPECT). INOCA was defined as coronary stenosis< 50% and CMD was defined as coronary flow reserve (CFR)<2.5. All patients were excluded from abnormal thyroid function and thyroid disease history. RESULTS Among 71 INOCA patients (15 [21.1%] CMD), FT4 and FT4/FT3 ratio in CMD group were significantly higher and both showed significantly moderate correlation with CFR (r=-0.25, p=0.03; r=-0.34, p=0.003, respectively). The ROC curve revealed that FT4/FT3 ratio had the highest efficacy for predicting CMD with an optimized cutoff value>3.39 (AUC 0.78, p<0.001, sensitivity, 80.0%; specificity, 71.4%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that FT4/FT3 ratio was an independent predictor of CMD (OR 7.62, 95% CI 1.12-51.89, p=0.038, P for trend=0.006). CONCLUSION In euthyroid INOCA patients, increased FT4/FT3 ratio levels are associated with the occurrence of CMD, presenting a novel biomarker for improving the risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenliang Che
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyu Fei
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingqing Huang, ; Fei Yu,
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingqing Huang, ; Fei Yu,
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Abstract
Patients with severe disorders of consciousness are thought to be unaware of themselves or their environment. However, research suggests that a minority of patients diagnosed as having a disorder of consciousness remain aware. These patients, designated as having “cognitive motor dissociation” (CMD), can demonstrate awareness by imagining specific tasks, which generates brain activity detectable via functional neuroimaging. The discovery of consciousness in these patients raises difficult questions about their well-being, and it has been argued that it would be better for these patients if they were allowed to die. Conversely, I argue that CMD patients may have a much higher level of well-being than is generally acknowledged. It is far from clear that their lives are not worth living, because there are still significant gaps in our understanding of how these patients experience the world. I attempt to fill these gaps, by analyzing the neuroscientific research that has taken place with these patients to date. Having generated as comprehensive a picture as possible of the capacities of CMD patients, I examine this picture through the lens of traditional philosophical theories of well-being. I conclude that the presumption that CMD patients do not have lives worth living is not adequately supported.
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Xiao F, Zhang W, He YN, Yang J, Liu X, Wang L, Zhang J, Dai H. Impaired perfusion in the myocardial microcirculation in asymptomatic patients with Stages 1-4 chronic kidney disease with intrarenal arterial lesions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:2066-2075. [PMID: 33877359 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even mild renal disease is a powerful cardiovascular risk factor. However, the association between these pathophysiologic processes (especially in the early asymptomatic stage) is not known. METHODS We recruited 243 asymptomatic patients with Stages 1-4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). We distinguished different degrees of severity of intrarenal arterial lesions (IALs) according to the Oxford classification. Myocardial microcirculation perfusion was measured using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Summed scores of 17 stress and rest image segments produced the summed stress score (SSS) and summed rest score (SRS), respectively. The summed difference score (SDS) was calculated as the difference between the SSS and SRS. Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) was defined as abnormal SPECT (SSS ≥4 or SDS ≥2) in the absence of obstructive CAD. RESULTS Participants showed a stepwise increase in CMD severity with IAL aggravation. SSS of no/mild/moderate/severe IALs was 1.64 ± 1.08, 2.56 ± 1.35, 4.42 ± 2.17 and 6.48 ± 3.52, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). SDS of no/mild/moderate/severe IALs was 1.29 ± 0.49, 1.75 ± 0.56, 3.06 ± 1.12 and 4.16 ± 1.85, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). The percentage of subclinical CMD in CKD patients with IALs was significantly higher than in those without IALs (69.57% versus 14.71%; P = 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that renal arteriolar hyalinization (odds ratio = 1.578, P = 0.009) was associated independently with subclinical CMD. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated, for the first time, that impaired perfusion in the myocardial microcirculation in asymptomatic patients with Stages 1-4 CKD with IALs. Renal arteriolar hyalinization may be a useful marker of CMD in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Ni He
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanzi Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mohamadian M, Rastegar M, Pasamanesh N, Ghadiri A, Ghandil P, Naseri M. Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Muscular Dystrophies (MDs) with Intellectual Disability (ID): a Comprehensive Overview. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:9-23. [PMID: 34727324 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies encompass a wide and heterogeneous subset of hereditary myopathies that manifest by the structural or functional abnormalities in the skeletal muscle. Some pathogenic mutations induce a dysfunction or loss of proteins that are critical for the stability of muscle cells, leading to progressive muscle degradation and weakening. Several studies have well-established cognitive deficits in muscular dystrophies which are mainly due to the disruption of brain-specific expression of affected muscle proteins. We provide a comprehensive overview of the types of muscular dystrophies that are accompanied by intellectual disability by detailed consulting of the main libraries. The current paper focuses on the clinical and molecular evidence about Duchenne, congenital, limb-girdle, and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophies as well as myotonic dystrophies. Because these syndromes impose a heavy burden of psychological and financial problems on patients, their families, and the health care community, a thorough examination is necessary to perform timely psychological and medical interventions and thus improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mohamadian
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, 616476515.
| | - Mandana Rastegar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Pasamanesh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pegah Ghandil
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Eckstein FM, Wurm MC, Eckstein M, Wiesmüller M, Müller M, Jehn P, Söder S, Schlittenbauer T. Imaging, histopathological degree of degeneration and clinical findings - Do these correlate in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 123:353-357. [PMID: 33991716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The gold standard for temporomandibular joint imaging is magnetic resonance imaging, although there are still pathological findings that cannot be seen in MRI but in surgery and the subsequent histological analysis only. The main goal of this investigation was to validate the MRI score used by histopathological findings as well as clinical findings. In this retrospective study 39 patients were included; 38 of which underwent unilateral and 1 underwent bilateral discectomy. MRI findings were graded according to the score by Wurm. Histopathological analysis was performed in hematoxylin-eosin staining and graded in accordance with the scores by Krenn and by Leonardi. For valuation of preoperative pain values of the temporomandibular joint operated on the numeric rating scale was utilized. Correlations were verified by Spearman-Rho. The MRI scores on average showed significantly lower scores for the discs of the operated temporomandibular joint than for the discs of the non-operated side(p<.01). No significant correlations between MRI findings, histopathological findings and pain intensities could be observed. Thus unsuspicious morphology of the TMJ and the articular disc in MRI is no guarantee for the absence of cartilage-degeneration. Further investigations utilizing T2 cartilage mapping could possibly show better correlations between the temporomandibular joint's degree of degeneration and imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Matthias Eckstein
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Matthias Christian Wurm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Wiesmüller
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Maximiliansplatz 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Müller
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Katharinen Hospital, Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Jehn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Söder
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tilo Schlittenbauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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Eni AO, Efekemo OP, Onile‐ere OA, Pita JS. South West and North Central Nigeria: Assessment of cassava mosaic disease and field status of African cassava mosaic virus and East African cassava mosaic virus. Ann Appl Biol 2021; 178:466-479. [PMID: 34219746 PMCID: PMC8246719 DOI: 10.1111/aab.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), caused by cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs), is a major threat to cassava production in Nigeria. The predominant CMBs in Nigeria are African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV), which are transmitted through infected stem cuttings and whitefly vectors. This study was conducted in 2015 and 2017 to assess the epidemiology of CMD and the current distribution of CMBs in cassava farms in South West (SW) and North Central (NC) Nigeria. A survey of cassava farms was undertaken, and samples representative of disease symptoms were collected and assessed using molecular techniques. A total of 184 and 328 cassava farms were sampled in 2015 and 2017, respectively. CMD incidence for both regions surveyed was 43.80 and 12.25% in 2015 and 2017, respectively. Fields in SW recorded a higher incidence rate in 2015 (SW: 45.11%, NC: 42.47%), while the reverse occurred in 2017 (SW: 10.90%, NC: 14.01%). Overall, the CMD incidence in Benue State (NC) was significantly higher than other locations surveyed in both years. CMD symptom severity and mean whitefly population were higher in SW Nigeria in the two survey years. ACMV was widespread across both zones, occurring in 79.1% (453/613) and 54.8% (386/704) of cassava leaf samples analysed in 2015 and 2017, respectively. EACMV was detected in only 6.0% (37/613) and 4.7% (33/704) of all cassava leaf samples analysed in 2015 and 2017, respectively. Overall, a higher proportion of infected samples were found in NC in both 2015 (NC: 85.2%, SW: 75.4%) and 2017 (NC: 73.6%, SW: 45.2%). Detection using strain-specific primers revealed that 97% of EACMV positive samples were indeed infected by the EACMCV strain of the virus. As previously reported, samples with mixed infections showed a higher symptom severity than samples with single ACMV or EACMV infections. This study provides an update to the distribution of CMBs in SW and NC Nigeria and will be useful in development of monitoring and management strategies for the disease in both regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela O. Eni
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and TechnologyCovenant UniversityOtaNigeria
- West African Virus Epidemiology (WAVE) for Root and Tuber CropsOtaNigeria
| | - Oghenevwairhe P. Efekemo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and TechnologyCovenant UniversityOtaNigeria
- West African Virus Epidemiology (WAVE) for Root and Tuber CropsOtaNigeria
| | - Olabode A. Onile‐ere
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and TechnologyCovenant UniversityOtaNigeria
- West African Virus Epidemiology (WAVE) for Root and Tuber CropsOtaNigeria
| | - Justin S. Pita
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyUniversité Felix Houphouët‐Boigny (UFHB)AbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
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Brady A, Liang K, Vuong VQ, Sacci R, Prenger K, Thompson M, Matsumoto R, Cummings P, Irle S, Wang HW, Naguib M. Pre-Sodiated Ti 3C 2T x MXene Structure and Behavior as Electrode for Sodium-Ion Capacitors. ACS Nano 2021; 15:2994-3003. [PMID: 33513013 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Layered titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene is a promising electrode material for use in next-generation electrochemical capacitors. However, the atomic-level information needed to correlate the distribution of intercalated cations with surface redox reactions, has not been investigated in detail. Herein we report on sodium preintercalated MXene with high sodium content (up to 2Na per Ti3C2Tx formula) using a solution of Na-biphenyl radical anion complex (E0 ≈ -2.6 SHE). Multiple sodiation sites and formation of a two-dimensional sodium domain structure at interfaces/surfaces is identified through combined computational simulations with neutron pair distribution function analysis. The induced layer charges and the redox process characterized by the density-functional tight-binding method on a local scale are found to greatly depend on the location of sodium ions. Electrochemical testing of the pre-sodiated MXene as an electrode material in a sodium-ion capacitor shows excellent reversibility and promising performance, indicating the feasibility of chemical preintercalation as an approach to prepare MXene electrodes for ion capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brady
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kun Liang
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Van Quan Vuong
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Robert Sacci
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Prenger
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Matt Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ray Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Peter Cummings
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Stephan Irle
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hsiu-Wen Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Michael Naguib
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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27
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Chiza Chikoti P, Tembo M, Peter Legg J, Rufini Shirima R, Mugerwa H, Sseruwagi P. Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Associated with Cassava and the Occurrence of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Zambia. Insects 2020; 11:E761. [PMID: 33167394 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bemisia tabaci is an important vector that transmits cassava brown streak viruses and cassava mosaic begomoviruses that cause cassava brown streak and cassava mosaic diseases, respectively. In 2013 and 2015 we carried out a study to determine the genetic variability within the Bemisia tabaci complex associated with cassava in Zambia. This investigation made use of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences of samples collected from selected provinces of Zambia. We found three population subgroups (SGs): SSA1-SG1, SSA1-SG2 and SSA1-SG3 within the sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1) genetic group. Whitefly abundance and the incidence of cassava mosaic disease were both greatest in Western Province, in which the SSA1-SG1 subgroup predominated. Establishing which genetic groups and populations of the B. tabaci species complex are associated with cassava mosaic disease and their distribution in the country is key to guiding the strategic deployment of resources to monitor disease spread and ensure food security for millions of cassava-dependent households. Abstract Bemisia tabaci is an important vector of cassava brown streak viruses and cassava mosaic begomoviruses, the causal agents of cassava brown streak disease and cassava mosaic disease (CMD), respectively. A study was carried out to determine the genetic variability of B. tabaci associated with cassava and the occurrence of CMD in Zambia in 2013 and 2015. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of only the sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1) genetic group in Zambia. The SSA1 population had three population subgroups (SGs): SSA1-SG1, SSA1-SG2 and SSA1-SG3. All three SSA1 population subgroups occurred in Western Province. However, only SSA1-SG3 occurred in Eastern Province, while only SSA1-SG1 occurred in North Western and Luapula Provinces. Adult B. tabaci were most abundant in Western Province in 2013 (11.1/plant) and 2015 (10.8/plant), and least abundant (0.2/plant) in Northern Province in both 2013 and 2015. CMD was prevalent in all seven provinces surveyed, with the highest incidence recorded in Lusaka Province in both 2013 (78%) and 2015 (83.6%), and the lowest in Northern Province in both 2013 (26.6%) and 2015 (29.3%). Although SSA1-SG1 occurred at greater abundances than the other subgroups, there was no direct association demonstrated between whitefly subgroup and incidence of CMD. Establishing which B. tabaci genetic groups and populations are associated with CMD and their distribution in the country is a key factor in guiding the development of CMD control strategies for cassava-dependent households.
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D'Amico A, Fattori F, Nicita F, Barresi S, Tasca G, Verardo M, Pizzi S, Moroni I, De Mitri F, Frongia A, Pane M, Mercuri E, Tartaglia M, Bertini E. A Recurrent Pathogenic Variant of INPP5K Underlies Autosomal Recessive Congenital Muscular Dystrophy With Cataracts and Intellectual Disability: Evidence for a Founder Effect in Southern Italy. Front Genet 2020; 11:565868. [PMID: 33193651 PMCID: PMC7530278 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.565868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase K [INPP5K (MIM: 607875)] acts as a PIP3 5-phosphatase and regulates actin cytoskeleton, insulin, and cell migration. Biallelic pathogenic variants in INPP5K have recently been reported in patients affected by a form of muscular dystrophy with childhood onset. Affected patients have limb girdle muscle weakness, often associated with bilateral cataracts, short stature, and intellectual disability. Here we report four patients affected by INPP5K-related muscle dystrophy, who were apparently unrelated but originated from the same geographical area in South Italy. These patients manifest a recognizable phenotype characterized by early onset muscular dystrophy associated with short stature and intellectual disability. All affected subjects were homozygous or compound heterozygous for the c.67G > A (p.Val23Met) missense change and shared a common haplotype, indicating the occurrence of a founder effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Fattori
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Verardo
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca De Mitri
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalia Frongia
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University and Nemo Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Pane
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University and Nemo Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University and Nemo Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Mhatre R, Sekar D, Ponmalar J, Nagappa M, Veeramani PK, Polavarapu K, Vengalil S, Atchayaram N, Narayanappa G. Utility of Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot in Profiling Clinically Suspected Cases of Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020; 24:198-203. [PMID: 34220063 PMCID: PMC8232506 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_18_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Immunocharacterization of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) to determine the frequency of various subtypes in a large Indian Cohort. Materials and Methods: This retrospective (2014-2017) study was carried on muscle biopsies of clinically suspected cases of CMD with histological evidence of dystrophy/myopathic features. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) to antibodies against laminin (α2, α5,β1,γ1), Collagen-VI (A1,2,3), and Western blot (WB) for α-dystroglycan and POMT1 was performed. Results: The study included 57 cases, of which 15 cases (26.3%) had mean age at presentation of 3.5 years, M: F = 1.5:1, elevated creatinine kinase (CK) (mean 1657 U/L), global developmental delay, multiple contractures, abnormal facies, white matter hyperintensities and showed laminin-α2 deficiency (Merosin deficient CMD). In addition, secondary reduction in laminin-β1, over-expression of laminin-α5, and preserved laminin-γ1 was noted. Ullrich CMD constituted 11/57 cases (19.2%) with mean age at presentation of 5.3 years, M: F = 1.2:1 and normal CK. They presented with proximal muscle weakness, soft velvety palms and soles, contractures, and joint hyperextensibility. Collagen-VI (A1,2,3) showed either complete (n = 3) or sarcolemmal specific (n = 8) loss of staining. Out of the remaining 31 cases, WB for α-dystroglycan was performed in 17 cases which showed deficiency in seven (12.3%). Three of these in addition revealed secondary partial loss of laminin-α2. WB for POMT1 showed deficiency in a single case clinically diagnosed Walker–Warburg syndrome, who presented with seizures and classical features of pachygyria, lissencephaly, and cerebellar cyst on MRI. Twenty-four cases (42.2%) remained uncharacterized and need genetic evaluation. Conclusion: The study helped in characterizing 57.8% of the proband. Immunotyping helps to direct mutational analysis for targeted genes and offers a potential route for prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Mhatre
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Deepha Sekar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jessiena Ponmalar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Madhu Nagappa
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Seena Vengalil
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nalini Atchayaram
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gayathri Narayanappa
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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Chatzantonis G, Bietenbeck M, Florian A, Meier C, Stalling P, Korthals D, Reinecke H, Yilmaz A. Diagnostic value of the novel CMR parameter "myocardial transit-time" (MyoTT) for the assessment of microvascular changes in cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 110:136-45. [PMID: 32372287 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is present in various non-ischemic cardiomyopathies and in particular in those with left-ventricular hypertrophy. This study evaluated the diagnostic value of the novel cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameter "myocardial transit-time" (MyoTT) in distinguishing cardiac amyloidosis from other hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. METHODS N = 20 patients with biopsy-proven cardiac amyloidosis (CA), N = 20 patients with known hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and N = 20 control patients without relevant cardiac disease underwent dedicated CMR studies on a 1.5-T MR scanner. The CMR protocol comprised cine and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) imaging as well as first-pass perfusion acquisitions at rest for MyoTT measurement. MyoTT was defined as the blood circulation time from the orifice of the coronary arteries to the pooling in the coronary sinus (CS) reflecting the transit-time of gadolinium in the myocardial microvasculature. RESULTS MyoTT was significantly prolonged in patients with CA compared to both groups: 14.8 ± 4.1 s in CA vs. 12.2 ± 2.5 s in HCM (p = 0.043) vs. 7.2 ± 2.6 s in controls (p < 0.001). Native T1 and extracellular volume (ECV) were significantly higher in CA compared to HCM and controls (p < 0.001). Both parameters were associated with a higher diagnostic accuracy in predicting the presence of CA compared to MyoTT: area under the curve (AUC) for native T1 = 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83-1.00; p < 0.001) and AUC for ECV = 0.95 (95% CI = 0.88-1.00; p < 0.001)-compared to the AUC for MyoTT = 0.76 (95% CI = 0.60-0.92; p = 0.008). In contrast, MyoTT performed better than all other CMR parameters in differentiating HCM from controls (AUC for MyoTT = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.81-1.00; p = 0.003 vs. AUC for native T1 = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.44-0.93; p = 0.20 vs. AUC for ECV = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.66-1.00; p = 0.017). CONCLUSION The relative severity of CMD (measured by MyoTT) in relationship to extracellular changes (measured by native T1 and/or ECV) is more pronounced in HCM compared to CA-in spite of a higher absolute MyoTT value in CA patients. Hence, MyoTT may improve our understanding of the interplay between extracellular/intracellular and intravasal changes that occur in the myocardium during the disease course of different cardiomyopathies.
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Malik AI, Kongsil P, Nguyễn VA, Ou W, Sholihin, Srean P, Sheela MN, Becerra López-Lavalle LA, Utsumi Y, Lu C, Kittipadakul P, Nguyễn HH, Ceballos H, Nguyễn TH, Selvaraj Gomez M, Aiemnaka P, Labarta R, Chen S, Amawan S, Sok S, Youabee L, Seki M, Tokunaga H, Wang W, Li K, Nguyễn HA, Nguyễn VĐ, Hàm LH, Ishitani M. Cassava breeding and agronomy in Asia: 50 years of history and future directions. Breed Sci 2020; 70:145-166. [PMID: 32523397 PMCID: PMC7272245 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.18180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In Asia, cassava (Manihot esculenta) is cultivated by more than 8 million farmers, driving the rural economy of many countries. The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), in partnership with national agricultural research institutes (NARIs), instigated breeding and agronomic research in Asia, 1983. The breeding program has successfully released high-yielding cultivars resulting in an average yield increase from 13.0 t ha-1 in 1996 to 21.3 t ha-1 in 2016, with significant economic benefits. Following the success in increasing yields, cassava breeding has turned its focus to higher-value traits, such as waxy cassava, to reach new market niches. More recently, building resistance to invasive pests and diseases has become a top priority due to the emergent threat of cassava mosaic disease (CMD). The agronomic research involves driving profitability with advanced technologies focusing on better agronomic management practices thereby maintaining sustainable production systems. Remote sensing technologies are being tested for trait discovery and large-scale field evaluation of cassava. In summary, cassava breeding in Asia is driven by a combination of food and market demand with technological innovations to increase the productivity. Further, exploration in the potential of data-driven agriculture is needed to empower researchers and producers for sustainable advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Imran Malik
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT-Laos), Lao PDR Office, Dong Dok, Ban Nongviengkham, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Pasajee Kongsil
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vũ Anh Nguyễn
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Rd, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wenjun Ou
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), 571737, Hainan Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Sholihin
- Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Kendalpayak Km 8, PO BOX 66, Malang 65101, Indonesia
| | - Pao Srean
- Faculty of Agriculture & Food Processing, University of Battambang, Battambang, Cambodia
| | - MN Sheela
- Central Tuber Crops Research Institute Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram-605 017, Kerala, India
| | | | - Yoshinori Utsumi
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Rd, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Cheng Lu
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), 571737, Hainan Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Piya Kittipadakul
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Hữu Hỷ Nguyễn
- Hung Loc Agricultural Research Center, Institute for Agriculture in Southern Vietnam, 121 Nguyen Binh Khiem, District 1, HCM City, Vietnam
| | - Hernan Ceballos
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Trọng Hiển Nguyễn
- Root and Tuber Crop Research and Development Center, Food and Field Crop Research Institute, Vinh Quynh, Thanh Tri, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael Selvaraj Gomez
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Pornsak Aiemnaka
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ricardo Labarta
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Songbi Chen
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), 571737, Hainan Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Suwaluk Amawan
- Rayong Field Crops Research Center, Sukumvit Rd, Huaypong, Meang, Rayong 21150, Thailand
| | - Sophearith Sok
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT-Asia), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Laothao Youabee
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT-Laos), Lao PDR Office, Dong Dok, Ban Nongviengkham, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Motoaki Seki
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Rd, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tokunaga
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Rd, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), 571737, Hainan Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaimian Li
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), 571737, Hainan Province, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Anh Nguyễn
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Rd, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Văn Đồng Nguyễn
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Rd, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lê Huy Hàm
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Rd, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manabu Ishitani
- International Laboratory for Cassava Molecular Breeding, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Rd, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia
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Bishton MJ, Rule S, Wilson W, Turner D, Patmore R, Clifton-Hadley L, McMillan A, Lush R, Haynes A. The UK NCRI study of chlorambucil, mitoxantrone and dexamethasone ( CMD) versus fludarabine, mitoxantrone and dexamethasone (FMD) for untreated advanced stage follicular lymphoma: molecular response strongly predicts prolonged overall survival. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:545-554. [PMID: 32150649 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a long-term follow-up of the UK chlorambucil, mitoxantrone and dexamethasone (CMD) versus fludarabine, mitoxantrone and dexamethasone (FMD) for untreated advanced, symptomatic follicular lymphoma (FL). This trial was the first to prospectively assess molecular response and the impact on outcomes for 400 patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for CMD were 3·6 and 14·6 years vs. 3·0 and 15·7 years for FMD, respectively. Estimates for Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST) suggested no difference in PFS or OS. For the whole cohort there was a highly significant difference in survival by POD24, with a median OS from a risk-defining event of 3·9 years compared to 13·7 years for all others (RMST P < 0·001). Molecular remission was achieved in 25/46 patients (54·3%) in the CMD arm and 20/41 (48·8%) in the FMD arm (P = 0·6). Molecular negativity resulted in median PFS of 5·6 years vs. 2·3 years for molecularly positive (log-rank P < 0·001) and median OS not reached versus 12·5 years (log-rank P < 0·01). No cases of progression occurred in minimal residual disease (MRD) negative patients after six years of follow-up. Although there was no difference in outcomes between arms, this is the first prospective study to report MRD negativity resulting in significantly improved OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Bishton
- Clinical Haematology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simon Rule
- Department of Haematology, University of Plymouth Medical School, Plymouth, UK
| | - William Wilson
- CRUK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah Turner
- Department of Haematology, Torbay and South Devon NHS Trust, Torquay, UK
| | - Russell Patmore
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals, Cottingham, UK
| | | | - Andrew McMillan
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard Lush
- Department of Haematology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Andrew Haynes
- Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-In-Ashfield, UK
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Abstract
Contemporary data indicate that patients with signs and symptoms of ischaemia and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) often have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) with elevated risk for adverse outcomes. Coronary endothelial (constriction with acetylcholine) and/or microvascular (limited coronary flow reserve with adenosine) dysfunction are well-documented, and extensive non-obstructive atherosclerosis is often present. Despite these data, patients with INOCA currently remain under-treated, in part, because existing management guidelines do not address this large, mostly female population due to the absence of evidence-based data. Relatively small sample-sized, short-term pilot studies of symptomatic mostly women, with INOCA, using intense medical therapies targeting endothelial, microvascular, and/or atherosclerosis mechanisms suggest symptom, ischaemia, and coronary vascular functional improvement, however, randomized, controlled outcome trials testing treatment strategies have not been completed. We review evidence regarding CMD pharmacotherapy. Potent statins in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or receptor blockers if intolerant, at maximally tolerated doses appear to improve angina, stress testing, myocardial perfusion, coronary endothelial function, and microvascular function. The Coronary Microvascular Angina trial supports invasive diagnostic testing with stratified therapy as an approach to improve symptoms and quality of life. The WARRIOR trial is testing intense medical therapy of high-intensity statin, maximally tolerated ACE-I plus aspirin on longer-term outcomes to provide evidence for guidelines. Novel treatments and those under development appear promising as the basis for future trial planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Suite A3600, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, 1329 SW 16th Street, PO Box 100288, Gainesville, FL 32610-0288, USA
| | - Hiroki Shimokawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Colin Berry
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Chatzantonis G, Bietenbeck M, Florian A, Meier C, Korthals D, Reinecke H, Yilmaz A. "Myocardial transit-time" (MyoTT): a novel and easy-to-perform CMR parameter to assess microvascular disease. Clin Res Cardiol 2019; 109:488-497. [PMID: 31321491 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-019-01530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial microvascular disease may occur during the disease course of different cardiac as well as systemic disorders. With the present study, we introduce a novel and easy-to-perform cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameter named "myocardial transit-time" (MyoTT). METHODS N = 20 patients with known hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and N = 20 control patients without relevant cardiac disease underwent dedicated CMR studies on a 1.5-T MR scanner. The CMR protocol comprised cine and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) imaging as well as first-pass perfusion acquisitions at rest for MyoTT measurement. MyoTT was defined as the blood circulation time from the orifice of the coronary arteries to the pooling in the coronary sinus (CS), and accordingly measured as the temporal difference between the appearances of CMR contrast agent in the aortic root and the CS reflecting the transit-time of gadolinium in the myocardial microvasculature. RESULTS Patients with HCM had a significantly prolonged MyoTT compared to controls (11.0 (9.1-14.5) s vs. 6.5 (4.8-8.4) s, p < 0.001). This significant difference did not change when the individual heart rate was taken into consideration (MyoTT indexed, p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between MyoTT and maximal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (r = 0.771, p < 0.001), MyoTT and presence of LGE (r = 0.760, p < 0.001) as well as MyoTT and LV global longitudinal strain (r = 0.672, p < 0.001). ROC analysis resulted in an area-under-curve (AUC) of 0.90 for MyoTT and showed an optimal sensitivity/specificity cut-off of 7.85 s to differentiate HCM from controls. CONCLUSION "Myocardial transit-time" is a novel and easy-to-perform CMR parameter that allows a quick assessment of the extent of myocardial microvascular disease. This novel CMR parameter may open new vistas in the assessment of microvascular disease-not only in HCM patients. Future studies will show the usefulness and clinical relevance of this novel CMR parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Chatzantonis
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Bietenbeck
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anca Florian
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Meier
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Korthals
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Hülse R, Wenzel A, Dudek B, Losert-Bruggner B, Hölzl M, Hülse M, Häussler D. Influence of craniocervical and craniomandibular dysfunction to nonrestorative sleep and sleep disorders. Cranio 2019; 39:280-286. [PMID: 31195922 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1630110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Nonrestorative sleep and sleep disorders are commonly reported in patients suffering from craniomandibular (CMD) and craniocervical dysfunctions (CCD). This study aimed to investigate polysomnographic characteristics and the reduction of pain before and after treatment in these patients.Methods: Seventy-four patients with sleep disorders and evident CMD and CCD were included. Manual therapy and an Aqualizer® were used in the therapeutic group. Polysomnographic measurements were conducted pre- and post-therapy.Results: The number of sleep stage alterations and the sleep stage index differed significantly between pre- and post-therapeutic measurements. Between both groups, these parameters were significantly different, as well (p = .001 and p = .012). The subjective perception of sleep quality improved in 81.6% post-therapy (p < .001).Discussion: Manual therapy and the application of an Aqualizer® may improve sleep quality in patients suffering from CMD and CCD. Pain may not be the main cause for the sleep disorders in CMD and CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hülse
- Section of Phoniatrics, Pedaudiology and Neurootology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Wenzel
- Section of Phoniatrics, Pedaudiology and Neurootology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dudek
- Outpatient clinic for pneumology and sleep medicine, Heppenheim, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Hölzl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center of Otorhinolaryngology Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Manfred Hülse
- Section of Phoniatrics, Pedaudiology and Neurootology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Häussler
- Section of Phoniatrics, Pedaudiology and Neurootology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ramsay M, Crowther NJ, Agongo G, Ali SA, Asiki G, Boua RP, Gómez-Olivé FX, Kahn K, Khayeka-Wandabwa C, Mashinya F, Micklesfield L, Mukomana F, Nonterah EA, Soo C, Sorgho H, Wade AN, Wagner RG, Alberts M, Hazelhurst S, Kyobutungi C, Norris SA, Oduro AR, Sankoh O, Tinto H, Tollman S. Regional and sex-specific variation in BMI distribution in four sub-Saharan African countries: The H3Africa AWI-Gen study. Glob Health Action 2019; 11:1556561. [PMID: 30845902 PMCID: PMC6407581 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1556561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: African populations are characterised by diversity at many levels including: demographic history, genetic ancestry, language, wealth, socio-political landscape, culture and behaviour. Several of these have a profound impact on body fat mass. Obesity, a key risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, in the wake of the epidemiological and health transitions across the continent, requires detailed analysis together with other major risk factors. Objective: To compare regional and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) distributions, using a cross-sectional study design, in adults aged 40–60 years across six study sites in four sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and to compare the determinants of BMI at each. Methods: Anthropometric measurements were standardised across sites and BMI calculated. Median BMI and prevalence of underweight, lean, overweight and obesity were compared between the sexes and across sites. Data from multivariable linear regression models for the principal determinants of BMI were summarised from the site-specific studies. Results: BMI was calculated in 10,702 participants (55% female) and was significantly higher in women than men at nearly all sites. The highest prevalence of obesity was observed at the three South African sites (42.3–66.6% in women and 2.81–17.5% in men) and the lowest in West Africa (1.25–4.22% in women and 1.19–2.20% in men). Across sites, higher socio-economic status and educational level were associated with higher BMI. Being married and increased dietary intake were associated with higher BMI in some communities, whilst smoking and alcohol intake were associated with lower BMI, as was HIV infection in the regions where it was prevalent. Conclusion: In SSA there is a marked variation in the prevalence of obesity both regionally and between men and women. Our data suggest that the drive for social upliftment within Africa will be associated with rising levels of obesity, which will require the initiation of targeted sex-specific intervention programmes across specific African communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Ramsay
- a Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,b Division of Human Genetics , National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- c Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Godfred Agongo
- a Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,d Navrongo Health Research Centre , Navrongo , Ghana
| | - Stuart A Ali
- a Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Gershim Asiki
- e African Population and Health Research Center , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Romuald P Boua
- a Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,b Division of Human Genetics , National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,f Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante , Nanoro , Burkina Faso
| | - F Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- g MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- g MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,h School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,i INDEPTH Network , Accra , Ghana
| | | | - Felistas Mashinya
- j Department of Pathology and Medical Science, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Limpopo , Polokwane , South Africa
| | - Lisa Micklesfield
- k MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Freedom Mukomana
- a Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | | | - Cassandra Soo
- a Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,b Division of Human Genetics , National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- f Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante , Nanoro , Burkina Faso
| | - Alisha N Wade
- g MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Ryan G Wagner
- g MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Marianne Alberts
- j Department of Pathology and Medical Science, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Limpopo , Polokwane , South Africa
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- a Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,l School of Electrical & Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | | | - Shane A Norris
- k MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | | | - Osman Sankoh
- h School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,i INDEPTH Network , Accra , Ghana.,m Statistics Sierra Leone , Freetown , Sierra Leone.,n Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences , University of Sierra Leone , Freetown , Sierra Leone
| | - Halidou Tinto
- f Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante , Nanoro , Burkina Faso
| | - Stephen Tollman
- g MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,h School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,i INDEPTH Network , Accra , Ghana
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Tomlinson KR, Bailey AM, Alicai T, Seal S, Foster GD. Cassava brown streak disease: historical timeline, current knowledge and future prospects. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:1282-1294. [PMID: 28887856 PMCID: PMC5947582 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cassava is the second most important staple food crop in terms of per capita calories consumed in Africa and holds potential for climate change adaptation. Unfortunately, productivity in East and Central Africa is severely constrained by two viral diseases: cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). CBSD was first reported in 1936 from northeast Tanzania. For approximately 70 years, CBSD was restricted to coastal East Africa and so had a relatively low impact on food security compared with CMD. However, at the turn of the 21st century, CBSD re-emerged further inland, in areas around Lake Victoria, and it has since spread through many East and Central African countries, causing high yield losses and jeopardizing the food security of subsistence farmers. This recent re-emergence has attracted intense scientific interest, with studies shedding light on CBSD viral epidemiology, sequence diversity, host interactions and potential sources of resistance within the cassava genome. This review reflects on 80 years of CBSD research history (1936-2016) with a timeline of key events. We provide insights into current CBSD knowledge, management efforts and future prospects for improved understanding needed to underpin effective control and mitigation of impacts on food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andy M. Bailey
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Titus Alicai
- National Crops Resources Research InstituteKampala 7084Uganda
| | - Sue Seal
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichChatham MaritimeKent ME4 4TBUK
| | - Gary D. Foster
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TQUK
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Qiao C, Dai Y, Nikolova VD, Jin Q, Li J, Xiao B, Li J, Moy SS, Xiao X. Amelioration of Muscle and Nerve Pathology in LAMA2 Muscular Dystrophy by AAV9-Mini-Agrin. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2018; 9:47-56. [PMID: 29766020 PMCID: PMC5948311 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy (LAMA2 MD) is the most common and fatal form of early-onset congenital muscular dystrophies. Due to the large size of the laminin α2 cDNA and heterotrimeric structure of the protein, it is challenging to develop a gene-replacement therapy. Our group has developed a novel adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector carrying the mini-agrin, which is a non-homologous functional substitute for the mutated laminin α2. A significant therapeutic effect in skeletal muscle was observed in our previous study using AAV serotype 1 (AAV1). In this investigation, we examined AAV9 vector, which has more widespread transduction than AAV1, to determine if the therapeutic effects could be further improved. As expected, AAV9-mini-agrin treatment offered enhanced therapeutic effects over the previously used AAV1-mini-agrin in extending mouse lifespan and improvement of muscle pathology. Additionally, overexpression of mini-agrin in peripheral nerves of dyw/dyw mice partially amended nerve pathology as evidenced by improved motor function and sensorimotor processing, partial restoration of myelination, partial restoration of basement membrane via EM examination, as well as decreased regeneration of Schwann cells. In conclusion, our studies indicate that overexpression of mini-agrin into dyw/dyw mice offers profound therapeutic effects in both skeletal muscle and nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Qiao
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China 100730
| | - Viktoriya D Nikolova
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Quan Jin
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jianbin Li
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bin Xiao
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Li
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Wurm MC, Behrends TK, Wüst W, Wiesmüller M, Wilkerling A, Neukam FW, Schlittenbauer T. Correlation between pain and MRI findings in TMD patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:1167-71. [PMID: 29884310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging has been established as the gold standard for assessment of the temporomandibular joint. Apart from an excellent assessment of the soft tissues it has the advantage not to expose the patient to ionizing radiation. There is a lack of literature concerning the correlation between pain intensity and radiological findings of the temporomandibular joint. Moreover there is the question of whether a progressive degeneration of the cartilaginous components is accompanied by an increasing degeneration of the osseous parts of the mandibular joint and vice versa. Therefore, this study aims at analyzing correlations between pain and radiological findings. Furthermore, the link between osseous and cartilaginous degeneration is studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS 91 patients who attend our outpatient clinic for temporomandibular disorders are included in this prospective study. Apart from a detailed anamnesis and clinical examination - adapted to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders -magnetic resonance imaging of both mandibular joints is performed. Pain intensity is measured using the visual analog scale. To assess and grade the radiological findings a classification system is established. The evaluation of the osseous components is based on the classification of osteoarthritis by Kellgren and Lawrence whereas the rating of the cartilaginous components is adapted to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Correlations are verified by Spearman-Rho. RESULTS 83,5% of all patients are female. Most of the time, both sides are affected (47.25%). Women state an average pain of 5.7 (±2.4), men 3.5 (±2.5). 182 discs are examined and assessed with our classification system. Most discs (n = 71) show no pathological changes. The majority of patients show no dislocation (n = 104). The most common forms of dislocation are anterior dislocations (n = 51). The majority of patients show no changes in the osseous component (n = 115). Weak to moderate correlations are found between disc and bone degeneration. Moderate to strong correlations are found between left and right TMJ. CONCLUSIONS The classification system which is designed and applied during the study proves to be a reliable and practical Instrument. A standardized evaluation of pathologies concerning the temporomandibular joint is possible by using this system. Numerous patients attending our outpatient clinic do not show any signs of degenerative dysfunctions in the mandibular joints. Degenerations of the osseous components tend to be connected with degenerations of the cartilaginous components and vice versa. The question remains if in the future new procedures in imaging will be able to record pathologies not yet detected.
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Novelli G, Ardito E, Mazzoleni F, Bozzetti A, Sozzi D. An atypical case of craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Case report and surgical treatment. Ann Stomatol (Roma) 2017; 8:89-94. [PMID: 29299192 DOI: 10.11138/ads/2017.8.2.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Craniometaphyseal dysplasia is a rare hereditary bone disease presenting metaphyseal widening of the tubular bones, sclerosis of craniofacial bones and bony overgrowth of the facial and skull bones. Craniometaphyseal dysplasia occurs in an autosomal dominant (AD) and an autosomal recessive (AR) form. Case report We present a 32-year-old patient arrived at our unit in May 2009. His main discomfort was a major limitation of the mouth opening, in the context of a craniofacial deformity. Relying on patient's medical history and the performed diagnostic tests, the diagnosis of craniometaphyseal dysplasia was made. Conclusion After careful evaluation of the clinical case, in accordance with the requirements of the patient, we opted for a surgical treatment aimed at correction of functional limitation of temporomandibular joint and aesthetic improvement of the facial bones. The stability of the clinical results led us to suggest and to undertake the surgical path, also due to the lack of safe and consolidated non-surgical treatments for the specific case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Novelli
- OU Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Alberto Bozzetti), Department of Medicine and Surgery - School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ardito
- OU Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Alberto Bozzetti), Department of Medicine and Surgery - School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Mazzoleni
- OU Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Alberto Bozzetti), Department of Medicine and Surgery - School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alberto Bozzetti
- OU Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Alberto Bozzetti), Department of Medicine and Surgery - School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Sozzi
- OU Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Alberto Bozzetti), Department of Medicine and Surgery - School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Pascoe JE, Sawnani H, Mayer OH, McConnell K, McDonough JM, White C, Rutkowski AM, Amin RS, Modi AC. Adherence and barriers to hyperinsufflation in children with congenital muscular dystrophy. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:939-945. [PMID: 27875025 PMCID: PMC6827716 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is a rare, inherited neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness, thoracic insufficiency, and ultimately respiratory failure. Adherence to respiratory therapies in children with neuromuscular disorders is unknown. This study examined the multimodal assessment of adherence and barriers to 15 min, twice daily hyperinsufflation in children with CMD. Adherence was hypothesized to be greater than 50% and discomfort, embarrassment, and difficulty finding time were hypothesized to be barriers. METHODS Participants included 18 children with CMD. Personalized hyperinsufflation settings were determined based on pressure-volume measurements at each study visit. Adherence was measured by a daily phone diary (DPD) and by electronic data download from the hyperinsufflation device. The DPD was conducted twice over a 48-hr period to capture a weekend and weekday, with the goal being 60 min of hyperinsufflation over the 48 hr (100% adherence). The hyperinsufflation objective electronic data reflected daily use of hyperinsufflation for the same 48-hr period. Data from DPD and the corresponding hyperinsufflation device data were used for analyses. RESULTS Adherence to hyperinsufflation was 40% via DPD and 44% for electronic data, with strong convergence between methods (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). Surprisingly, 53% of participants reported no barriers despite low adherence. Social distractions and family obligations were identified as barriers. There were no differences in adherence between those who did and did not endorse barriers to hyperinsufflation (DPD: t(13) = 0.44, P = n.s.; hyperinsufflation device: t(13) = -0.23, P = n.s.). CONCLUSION Adherence to hyperinsufflation is a significant problem in children with CMD and families have difficulty identifying adherence barriers. An important next step is to encourage open dialog around adherence barriers and promote adherence behaviors via intervention. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017; 52:939-945. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Pascoe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Center for Treatment Adherence and Self-Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hemant Sawnani
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Oscar H Mayer
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Keith McConnell
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph M McDonough
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia White
- Division of Respiratory Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Raouf S Amin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Avani C Modi
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Center for Treatment Adherence and Self-Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Abstract
Cassava is the fourth largest source of calories in the world but is subject to economically important yield losses due to viral diseases, including cassava brown streak disease and cassava mosaic disease. Cassava mosaic disease occurs in sub-Saharan Africa and the Asian subcontinent and is associated with nine begomovirus species, whereas cassava brown streak disease has to date been reported only in sub-Saharan Africa and is caused by two distinct ipomovirus species. We present an overview of key milestones and their significance in the understanding and characterization of these two major diseases as well as their associated viruses and whitefly vector. New biotechnologies offer a wide range of opportunities to reduce virus-associated yield losses in cassava for farmers and can additionally enable the exploitation of this valuable crop for industrial purposes. This review explores established and new technologies for genetic manipulation to achieve desired traits such as virus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissie Rey
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa;
| | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- AgroBioChem Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
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Astrea G, Battini R, Lenzi S, Frosini S, Bonetti S, Moretti E, Perazza S, Santorelli FM, Pecini C. Learning disabilities in neuromuscular disorders: a springboard for adult life. Acta Myol 2016; 35:90-95. [PMID: 28344438 PMCID: PMC5343745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the presence of cognitive deficits in Duchenne muscular dystrophy or myotonic dystrophy DM1 is well established in view of brain-specific expression of affected muscle proteins, in other neuromuscular disorders, such as congenital myopathies and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, cognitive profiles are poorly defined. Also, there are limited characterization of the cognitive profile of children with congenital muscular dystrophies, notwithstanding the presence of cerebral abnormality in some forms, and in spinal muscular atrophies, with the exception of distal spinal muscular atrophy (such as the DYN1CH1- associated form). Starting from the Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which may be considered a kind of paradigm for the co-occurrence of learning disabilities in the contest of a progressive muscular involvement, the findings of neuropsychological (or cognitive) dysfunctions in several forms of neuromuscular diseases will be examined and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guja Astrea
- Departmet of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa;,Address for correspondence: Guja Astrea, IRCCS Stella Maris, via dei giacinti 2, 56128 Calambrone (PI). E-mail:
| | - Roberta Battini
- Departmet of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa
| | - Sara Lenzi
- Departmet of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa
| | - Silvia Frosini
- Departmet of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa
| | - Silvia Bonetti
- Departmet of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa
| | - Elena Moretti
- Departmet of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa
| | - Silvia Perazza
- Departmet of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa
| | | | - Chiara Pecini
- Departmet of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa
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Bouchet-Séraphin C, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Seta N. Dystroglycanopathies: About Numerous Genes Involved in Glycosylation of One Single Glycoprotein. J Neuromuscul Dis 2015; 2:27-38. [PMID: 28198708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dystroglycanopathies are neuromuscular disorders due to abnormal glycosylation of dystroglycan which is a cell-surface glycoprotein that acts as a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins containing laminin-G domains. The reduced ability of abnormally glycosylated α-DG to bind laminin is associated with abnormal neuronal migration and muscular dystrophy. Clinical manifestations are extremely variable, and include a wide spectrum of phenotypic severity: some mutations are associated with adult-onset Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and other mutations with a congenital onset, determining the more complex disorder Congenital Muscular Dystrophy which includes severe structural brain and eye anomalies such as Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease, Walker-Warburg Syndrome, and Fukuyama Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. So far, mutations in eighteen different genes have been identified in patients with dystroglycanopathies, all of them demonstrating autosomal recessive inheritance. Most genes code for glycosyltransferases (POMT1, POMT2, POMGNT1, LARGE, GTDC2, B4GAT1, B3GALNT2) although a minority does not (DPM1, DPM2, DPM3, DOLK, POMK, GMPPB). Others genes code for proteins of unknown function in the α-dystroglycan glycosylation (FKTN, FKRP, ISPD, and TMEM5) or α-dystroglycan itself, DAG1. The biochemical picture becomes a little bit more complete, but also more complex, with each new identified gene. In the majority of cases the identity of the defective gene cannot be predicted from the clinical phenotype. Considering the number of causative genes in dystroglycanopathies, targeted sequencing comprising genes of all glycosylation, whatever the type, would appear at present to be the best way of tackling molecular diagnosis.
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Legg JP, Shirima R, Tajebe LS, Guastella D, Boniface S, Jeremiah S, Nsami E, Chikoti P, Rapisarda C. Biology and management of Bemisia whitefly vectors of cassava virus pandemics in Africa. Pest Manag Sci 2014; 70:1446-53. [PMID: 24706604 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cassava mosaic disease and cassava brown streak disease are caused by viruses transmitted by Bemisia tabaci and affect approximately half of all cassava plants in Africa, resulting in annual production losses of more than $US 1 billion. A historical and current bias towards virus rather than vector control means that these diseases continue to spread, and high Bemisia populations threaten future virus spread even if the extant strains and species are controlled. Progress has been made in parts of Africa in replicating some of the successes of integrated Bemisia control programmes in the south-western United States. However, these management efforts, which utilise chemical insecticides that conserve the Bemisia natural enemy fauna, are only suitable for commercial agriculture, which presently excludes most cassava cultivation in Africa. Initiatives to strengthen the control of B. tabaci on cassava in Africa need to be aware of this limitation, and to focus primarily on control methods that are cheap, effective, sustainable and readily disseminated, such as host-plant resistance and biological control. A framework based on the application of force multipliers is proposed as a means of prioritising elements of future Bemisia control strategies for cassava in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Bolocan A, Quijano-Roy S, Seferian AM, Baumann C, Allamand V, Richard P, Estournet B, Carlier R, Cavé H, Gartioux C, Blin N, Le Moing AG, Gidaro T, Germain DP, Fardeau M, Voit T, Servais L, Romero NB. Congenital muscular dystrophy phenotype with neuromuscular spindles excess in a 5-year-old girl caused by HRAS mutation. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:993-8. [PMID: 25070542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on a 5-year-old girl who presented with an association of symptoms reminiscent of an Ullrich-like congenital muscular dystrophy including congenital hypotonia, proximal joint contractures, hyperlaxity of distal joints, normal cognitive development, and kyphoscoliosis. There was an excess of neuromuscular spindles on the skeletal muscle biopsy. This very peculiar feature on muscle biopsy has been reported only in patients with mutations in the HRAS gene. Sequence analysis of the subject's HRAS gene from blood leukocytes and skeletal muscle revealed a previously described heterozygous missense mutation (c.187G>A, p. Glu63Lys). The present report thus extends the differential diagnosis of congenital muscular dystrophy with major "retractile" phenotypes and adds congenital muscular dystrophy to the clinical spectrum of HRAS-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Bolocan
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- AP-HP Service de Pédiatrie, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Université Versailles UVSQ, France
| | - Andreea M Seferian
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Clarisse Baumann
- AP-HP Département de génétique, UF de génétique clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Allamand
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 UM76, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Inserm, U974, Paris, France; CNRS FRE 3617, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Richard
- AP-HP UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Estournet
- AP-HP Service de Pédiatrie, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Université Versailles UVSQ, France
| | - Robert Carlier
- AP-HP Service de Radiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Université Versailles UVSQ, France
| | - Hélène Cavé
- AP-HP Département de Génétique, UF de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Corine Gartioux
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 UM76, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Inserm, U974, Paris, France; CNRS FRE 3617, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Blin
- AP-HP Service de Pédiatrie, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Université Versailles UVSQ, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Le Moing
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Teresa Gidaro
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Dominique P Germain
- AP-HP Service de Pédiatrie, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Université Versailles UVSQ, France
| | - Michel Fardeau
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Voit
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 UM76, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France; Inserm, U974, Paris, France; CNRS FRE 3617, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Servais
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Norma Beatriz Romero
- Institut de Myologie, UPMC Université, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Mehuron T, Kumar A, Duarte L, Yamauchi J, Accorsi A, Girgenrath M. Dysregulation of matricellular proteins is an early signature of pathology in laminin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2014; 4:14. [PMID: 25075272 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MDC1A is a congenital neuromuscular disorder with developmentally complex and progressive pathologies that results from a deficiency in the protein laminin α2. MDC1A is associated with a multitude of pathologies, including increased apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. In order to assess and treat a complicated disease such as MDC1A, we must understand the natural history of the disease so that we can identify early disease drivers and pinpoint critical time periods for implementing potential therapies. Results We found that DyW mice show significantly impaired myogenesis and high levels of apoptosis as early as postnatal week 1. We also saw a surge of inflammatory response at the first week, marked by high levels of infiltrating macrophages, nuclear factor κB activation, osteopontin expression and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines. Fibrosis markers and related pathways were also observed to be elevated throughout early postnatal development in these mice, including periostin, collagen and fibronectin gene expression, as well as transforming growth factor β signaling. Interestingly, fibronectin was found to be the predominant fibrous protein of the extracellular matrix in early postnatal development. Lastly, we observed upregulation in various genes related to angiotensin signaling. Methods We sought out to examine the dysregulation of various pathways throughout early development (postnatal weeks 1-4) in the DyW mouse, the most commonly used mouse model of laminin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Muscle function tests (stand-ups and retractions) as well as gene (qRT-PCR) and protein levels (western blot, ELISA), histology (H&E, picrosirius red staining) and immunohistochemistry (fibronectin, TUNEL assay) were used to assess dysregulation of matricelluar protieins. Conclusions Our results implicate the involvement of multiple signaling pathways in driving the earliest stages of pathology in DyW mice. As opposed to classical dystrophies, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the dysregulation of various matricellular proteins appears to be a distinct feature of the early progression of DyW pathology. On the basis of our results, we believe that therapies that may reduce apoptosis and stabilize the homeostasis of extracellular matrix proteins may have increased efficacy if started at a very early age.
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Li WF, Hao DJ, Fan T, Huang HM, Yao H, Niu XF. Protective effect of chelerythrine against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 208:18-27. [PMID: 24300194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, chelerythrine (CHE), is of great practical and research interest because of its pronounced, widespread physiological effects, primarily antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, arising from its ability to interact with proteins and DNA. Although CHE was originally shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, its effects on acute gastric ulcer have not been previously explored. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the protective effect of CHE on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in mice. Administration of CHE at doses of 1, 5 and 10mg/kg bodyweight prior to ethanol ingestion dose-dependently inhibited gastric ulcer. The gastric mucosal lesion was assessed by ulcer area, gastric juice acidity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, macroscopic and histopathological examinations. CHE significantly reduced the gastric ulcer index, myeloperoxidase activities, macroscopic and histological score in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, CHE also significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) concentration, pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in serum and gastric mucosal in the mice exposed to ethanol induced ulceration in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CHE markedly attenuated the overexpression of nuclear factor-κB in gastric mucosa of mice. It was concluded that CHE represents a potential therapeutic option to reduce the risk of gastric ulceration. In addition, acute toxicity study revealed no abnormal sign to the mice treated with CHE (15mg/kg). These findings suggest that the gastroprotective activity of CHE might contribute in adjusting the inflammatory cytokine by regulating the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | | | - Ting Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Red Cross Hospital, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hui-Min Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Fujii Y, Segawa R, Kimura M, Wang L, Ishii Y, Yamamoto R, Morita R, Mitsumori K, Shibutani M. Inhibitory effect of α-lipoic acid on thioacetamide-induced tumor promotion through suppression of inflammatory cell responses in a two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:108-18. [PMID: 23830814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the protective effect of α-lipoic acid (a-LA) on the hepatocarcinogenic process promoted by thioacetamide (TAA), we used a two-stage liver carcinogenesis model in N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated and TAA-promoted rats. We examined the modifying effect of co-administered a-LA on the liver tissue environment surrounding preneoplastic hepatocellular lesions, with particular focus on hepatic macrophages and the mechanism behind the decrease in apoptosis of cells surrounding preneoplastic hepatocellular lesions during the early stages of hepatocellular tumor promotion. TAA increased the number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)(+) liver cell foci and the numbers of proliferating and apoptotic cells in the liver. Co-administration with a-LA suppressed these effects. TAA also increased the numbers of ED2(+), cyclooxygenase-2(+), and heme oxygenase-1(+) hepatic macrophages as well as the number of CD3(+) lymphocytes. These effects were also suppressed by a-LA. Transcript levels of some inflammation-related genes were upregulated by TAA and downregulated by a-LA in real-time RT-PCR analysis. Outside the GST-P(+) foci, a-LA reduced the numbers of apoptotic cells, active caspase-8(+) cells and death receptor (DR)-5(+) cells. These results suggest that hepatic macrophages producing proinflammatory factors may be activated in TAA-induced tumor promotion. a-LA may suppress tumor-promoting activity by suppressing the activation of these macrophages and the subsequent inflammatory responses. Furthermore, a-LA may suppress tumor-promoting activity by suppressing the DR5-mediated extrinsic pathway of apoptosis and the subsequent regeneration of liver cells outside GST-P(+) foci.
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG
- 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
- Aldh1a1
- Apoptosis
- B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2
- BNF
- Bax
- Bcl2
- Bcl2-associated X protein
- Bcl2-like 1
- Bcl2l1
- CMD
- Casp
- Cd4
- Cd4 molecule
- Cd8a
- Cd8a molecule
- Col1a1
- Cox-2
- Cu
- Cx3cl1
- Cxcl10
- DAB
- DEN
- DR5
- Death receptor 5 (DR5)
- EMIQ
- Fadd
- Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain
- Fe
- GST-P
- Gpx2
- Gstm1
- HO-1
- Hprt
- Il1b
- Il4
- Inflammation
- Liver tumor promotion
- Mapk
- Mmp
- N-diethylnitrosamine
- NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1
- Nfe2l2
- Nqo1
- PBS
- PCNA
- Ptgs2
- ROS
- Serpine1
- TAA
- TBARS
- TRAIL
- TUNEL
- Tgfb2
- Thioacetamide (TAA)
- Tnf
- Tnfrsf10b
- Tnfsf10
- Txn1
- a-LA
- aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1
- caspase
- chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10
- chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1
- choline-methionine-deficient diet
- collagen, type I, alpha 1
- copper
- cyclooxygenase 2
- death receptor 5
- diaminobenzidine
- enzymatically modified isoquercitrin
- glutathione S-transferase mu 1
- glutathione S-transferase placental form
- glutathione peroxidase 2
- heme oxygenase-1
- hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
- interleukin 1 beta
- interleukin 4
- iron
- matrix metalloproteinase
- mitogen activated protein kinase
- nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2
- phosphate buffered solution
- proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
- reactive oxygen species
- serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1
- terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling
- thioacetamide
- thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
- thioredoxin 1
- transforming growth factor, beta 2
- tumor necrosis factor
- tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10
- tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b
- tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- α-Lipoic acid (a-LA)
- α-lipoic acid
- β-naphthoflavone
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Fujii
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Shin J, Tajrishi MM, Ogura Y, Kumar A. Wasting mechanisms in muscular dystrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2266-79. [PMID: 23669245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy is a group of more than 30 different clinical genetic disorders that are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle wasting and degeneration. Primary deficiency of specific extracellular matrix, sarcoplasmic, cytoskeletal, or nuclear membrane protein results in several secondary changes such as sarcolemmal instability, calcium influx, fiber necrosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, breakdown of extracellular matrix, and eventually fibrosis which leads to loss of ambulance and cardiac and respiratory failure. A number of molecular processes have now been identified which hasten disease progression in human patients and animal models of muscular dystrophy. Accumulating evidence further suggests that aberrant activation of several signaling pathways aggravate pathological cascades in dystrophic muscle. Although replacement of defective gene with wild-type is paramount to cure, management of secondary pathological changes has enormous potential to improving the quality of life and extending lifespan of muscular dystrophy patients. In this article, we have reviewed major cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to muscle wasting in muscular dystrophy. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Shin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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