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de Oliveira Dorta S, Attílio LB, Zanardi OZ, Lopes JRS, Machado MA, Freitas-Astúa J. Genetic transformation of 'Hamlin' and 'Valencia' sweet orange plants expressing the cry11A gene of Bacillus thuringiensis as another tool to the management of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). J Biotechnol 2023; 368:60-70. [PMID: 37088156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the bacteria associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the most devastating disease of citrus worldwide. HLB management has heavily counted on insecticide applications to control the ACP, although there are efforts towards more sustainable alternatives. In previous work, our group assessed the potential bioactivity of different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae) (Bt) containing cry/cyt genes as feasible tools to control ACP nymphs. Here, we report an attempt to use the cry11A gene from Bt to produce transgenic sweet orange plants using two promoters. For the genetic transformation, 'Hamlin' and 'Valencia' sweet orange seedlings were used as sources of explants. Transgenic plants were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers, and the transgene copy number was confirmed by Southern blot analyses. Transcript expression levels were determined by qPCR. Mortality assays of D. citri nymphs were carried out in a greenhouse, and the effect of the events tested ranged from 22 to 43% at the end of the five-day exposure period. To our knowledge, this is the first manuscript reporting the production of citrus plants expressing the Bt cry11A gene for the management of D. citri nymphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia de Oliveira Dorta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), 13.418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), 13.490-970, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lísia Borges Attílio
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), 13.490-970, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Insetos Vetores de Fitopatógenos, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), 13.418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi
- Departamento de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC), 89.900-000, São Miguel do Oeste, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - João Roberto Spotti Lopes
- Laboratório de Insetos Vetores de Fitopatógenos, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), 13.418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Machado
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), 13.490-970, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, 44.380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil; Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada/Instituto Biológico (ULRBMA/IB), 04.014-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hu Y, Meng Y, Yao L, Wang E, Tang T, Wang Y, Dai L, Zhao M, Zhang HE, Fan X, Luo L, Xiang W, Zhang Z. Citrus Huanglongbing correlated with incidence of Diaphorina citri carrying Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and citrus phyllosphere microbiome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964193. [PMID: 36466264 PMCID: PMC9716883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In China, citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is caused by the Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus bacterium, which is carried by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. It was hypothesized that the epidemic of the HLB may related with the rate of bacterium presence in the insect vector and bacterium content in plant tissues, as well as the phyllosphere microbe communities changes. This study systematically analyzed the presence or absence of Ca. L. asiaticus in citrus tree leaves and in the insect vector D. citri over a 6-year period using real-time PCR. In addition, changes in the number of bacteria carried by D. citri over 12 months were quantified, as well as the relationship between the proportion of D. citri carrying Ca. L. asiaticus and the proportion of plants infected with Ca. L. asiaticus were analyzed. Results showed that the proportion of D. citri carrying bacteria was stable and relatively low from January to September. The bacteria in citrus leaves relatively low in spring and summer, then peaked in December. The proportion of D. citri carrying bacteria gradually declined from 2014 to 2019. The proportion of D. citri carrying Ca. L. asiaticus showed a significant positive correlation with the proportion of diseased citrus. The phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities on the healthy citrus leaf were significantly different with the disease leaf in April and December. Pathogenic invasions change the citrus phyllosphere microbial community structure. It could be summarized that citrus Huanglongbing correlated with incidence of Diaphorina citri carrying Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and citrus phyllosphere microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Tree Breeding, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youqing Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial General Station of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Pesticide Management, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjin Yao
- Department of Tree Breeding, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enguo Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang Linhai Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Taizhou, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingping Zhao
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Yongzhou, China
| | - Hong-en Zhang
- School of Mathematical, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Luyun Luo
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Hunan Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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Quintana M, de-León L, Cubero J, Siverio F. Assessment of Psyllid Handling and DNA Extraction Methods in the Detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ by qPCR. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061104. [PMID: 35744622 PMCID: PMC9230594 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (CaLsol) is an uncultured bacterium, transmitted by psyllids and associated with several diseases in Solanaceae and Apiaceae crops. CaLsol detection in psyllids often requires insect destruction, preventing a subsequent morphological identification. In this work, we have assessed the influence on the detection of CaLsol by PCR in Bactericera trigonica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), of four specimen preparations (entire body, ground, cut-off head, and punctured abdomen) and seven DNA extraction methods (PBS suspension, squashing on membrane, CTAB, Chelex, TRIsureTM, HotSHOT, and DNeasy®). DNA yield and purity ratios, time consumption, cost, and residues generated were also evaluated. Optimum results were obtained through grinding, but it is suggested that destructive procedures are not essential in order to detect CaLsol. Although CaLsol was detected by qPCR with DNA obtained by the different procedures, HotSHOT was the most sensitive method. In terms of time consumption and cost, squashed on membrane, HotSHOT, and PBS were the fastest, while HotSHOT and PBS were the cheapest. In summary, HotSHOT was accurate, fast, simple, and sufficiently sensitive to detect this bacterium within the vector. Additionally, cross-contamination with CaLsol was assessed in the ethanol solutions where B. trigonica specimens were usually collected and preserved. CaLsol-free psyllids were CaLsol-positive after incubation with CaLsol-positive specimens. This work provides a valuable guide when choosing a method to detect CaLsol in vectors according to the purpose of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Quintana
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, 38270 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Leandro de-León
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Jaime Cubero
- Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Felipe Siverio
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, 38270 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
- Sección de Laboratorio de Sanidad Vegetal, Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Aguas del Gobierno de Canarias, 38270 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Santos-Ortega Y, Flynt A. Double-Strand RNA (dsRNA) Delivery Methods in Insects: Diaphorina citri. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2360:253-277. [PMID: 34495520 PMCID: PMC8959005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1633-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RNAi is a gene-silencing mechanism conserved in the vast majority of eukaryotes. It is widely used to study gene function in animals due to the ease of eliciting gene knockdown. Beyond research applications, RNAi technology based on exogenous dsRNA is a promising candidate for next generation insect pest control. An advantage of using RNAi is that design of dsRNA essentially requires only the sequence of the target gene. The greatest challenge, however, is dsRNA delivery for large-scale insect control. Delivery methods that have widely been used are oral, injection, or via soaking. Unfortunately, each insect presents its own challenges owing to the differences in the presence of dsRNA degrading enzymes, cellular uptake efficiency, expression of core RNAi machinery, the nature of the target gene, the concentration and persistence of the dsRNA, as well as the particular way of feeding of each insect, which together cause variations in the efficiency of RNAi. In this chapter, a protocol for the synthetic production of dsRNA is described along with three methods for delivery that have been successful in one of the more problematic insects, Diaphorina citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulica Santos-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Alex Flynt
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
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Abel Lopez-Buenfil J, Abrahan Ramirez-Pool J, Ruiz-Medrano R, Del Carmen Montes-Horcasitas M, Chavarin-Palacio C, Moya-Hinojosa J, Javier Trujillo-Arriaga F, Carmona RL, Xoconostle-Cazares B. Dynamics of Huanglongbing-associated Bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in Citrus aurantifolia Swingle (Mexican Lime). Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 20:113-123. [PMID: 29023002 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.113.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterial disease citrus huanglongbing (HLB), associated with "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (C.Las) has severely impacted the citrus industry, causing a significant reduction in production and fruit quality. In the present study, it was monitored the C.Las population dynamics in symptomatic, HLB-positive Mexican lime trees (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) in a tropical, citrus-producing area of Mexico. The objective of this study was to identify the dynamics of the population of huanglongbing-associated bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and its insect vector in Citrus aurantifolia Swingle (Mexican lime). MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaf samples were collected every 2 months over a period of 26 months for quantification of bacterial titers and young and mature leaves were collected in each season to determine preferential sites of bacterial accumulation. The proportion of living and dead bacterial cells could be determined through the use of quantitative real-time PCR in the presence of ethidium monoazide (EMA-qPCR). RESULTS It was observed a lower bacterial titer at high temperatures in the infected trees relative to titers in mild weather, despite a higher accumulation of the insect vector Diaphorina citri in these conditions. This study also revealed seasonal fluctuations in the titers of bacteria in mature leaves when compared to young leaves. No statistically significant correlation between any meteorological variable, C.Las concentration and D. citri population could be drawn. CONCLUSION Although, HLB management strategies have focused on vector control, host tree phenology may be important. The evaluation of citrus phenology, C.Las concentration, ACP population and environmental conditions provides insights into the cyclical, seasonal variations of both the HLB pathogen and its vector. These findings should help in the design of integrative HLB control strategies that take into account the accumulation of the pathogen and the presence of its vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Abel Lopez-Buenfil
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco, C. P. 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jose Abrahan Ramirez-Pool
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco, C. P. 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Medrano
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco, C. P. 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maria Del Carmen Montes-Horcasitas
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco, C. P. 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudio Chavarin-Palacio
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Centro Nacional de Referencia Fitosanitaria, Unidad Integral de Servicios, Diagnóstico y Constatación, Km 37.5, Carretera Federal México-Pachuca, Tecámac, C.P. 55740, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jesus Moya-Hinojosa
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Colonia San Manuel, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72592 Puebla, México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Trujillo-Arriaga
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Centro Nacional de Referencia Fitosanitaria, Unidad Integral de Servicios, Diagnóstico y Constatación, Km 37.5, Carretera Federal México-Pachuca, Tecámac, C.P. 55740, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rosalia Lira Carmona
- Hospital de Pediatría, Hospital General Siglo XXI del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, C.P. 06720, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Xoconostle-Cazares
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco, C. P. 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Saha S, Hosmani PS, Villalobos-Ayala K, Miller S, Shippy T, Flores M, Rosendale A, Cordola C, Bell T, Mann H, DeAvila G, DeAvila D, Moore Z, Buller K, Ciolkevich K, Nandyal S, Mahoney R, Van Voorhis J, Dunlevy M, Farrow D, Hunter D, Morgan T, Shore K, Guzman V, Izsak A, Dixon DE, Cridge A, Cano L, Cao X, Jiang H, Leng N, Johnson S, Cantarel BL, Richards S, English A, Shatters RG, Childers C, Chen MJ, Hunter W, Cilia M, Mueller LA, Munoz-Torres M, Nelson D, Poelchau MF, Benoit JB, Wiersma-Koch H, D’Elia T, Brown SJ. Improved annotation of the insect vector of citrus greening disease: biocuration by a diverse genomics community. Database (Oxford) 2017; 2017:3917099. [PMID: 29220441 PMCID: PMC5502364 DOI: 10.1093/database/bax032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Database URL https://citrusgreening.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sherry Miller
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Teresa Shippy
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Hunter
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Taylar Morgan
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Kayla Shore
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | | | - Danielle E Dixon
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY
- University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Cridge
- University of Otago, North Dunedin, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liliana Cano
- Plant Pathology, University of Florida/IFAS Indian River Research and Education Center, Ft. Pierce, FL
| | | | - Haobo Jiang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nan Leng
- Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Brandi L Cantarel
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Stephen Richards
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
| | - Adam English
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
| | | | - Chris Childers
- USDA ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Ft. Pierce, FL
| | - Mei-Ju Chen
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Hunter
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Cilia
- USDA ARS, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Ithaca, NY
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Monica Munoz-Torres
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Berkeley, CA
| | - David Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tom D’Elia
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL
| | - Susan J Brown
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Chu CC, Gill TA, Hoffmann M, Pelz-Stelinski KS. Inter-Population Variability of Endosymbiont Densities in the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 71:999-1007. [PMID: 26846216 PMCID: PMC4944574 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) is an insect pest capable of transmitting Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causal agent of citrus greening in North America. D. citri also harbors three endosymbionts, Wolbachia, Candidatus Carsonella ruddii, and Candidatus Profftella armatura, which may influence D. citri physiology and fitness. Although genomic researches on these bacteria have been conducted, much remains unclear regarding their ecology and inter-population variability in D. citri. The present work examined the densities of each endosymbiont in adult D. citri sampled from different populations using quantitative PCR. Under field conditions, the densities of all three endosymbionts positively correlated with each other, and they are associated with D. citri gender and locality. In addition, the infection density of CLas also varied across populations. Although an analysis pooling D. citri from different populations showed that CLas-infected individuals tended to have lower endosymbiont densities compared to uninfected individuals, the difference was not significant when the population was included as a factor in the analysis, suggesting that other population-specific factors may have stronger effects on endosymbiont densities. To determine whether there is a genetic basis to the density differences, endosymbiont densities between aged CLas-negative females of two D. citri populations reared under standardized laboratory conditions were compared. Results suggested that inter-population variability in Wolbachia infection density is associated with the genotypes of the endosymbiont or the host. Findings from this work could facilitate understanding of D. citri-bacterial associations that may benefit the development of approaches for managing citrus greening, such as prevention of CLas transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Chu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Torrence A Gill
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Mark Hoffmann
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten S Pelz-Stelinski
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA.
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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