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Hong TK, Lee SH, Shin JS, Jang KH, Na ES, Park CS, Kim CH, Kim JR, Balusamy SR, Perumalsamy H. Toxicological and molecular adverse effect of Illicium verum fruit constituents toward Bradysia procera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1131-1139. [PMID: 36358028 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradysia procera, a ginseng stem fungus gnat, is one of the most serious insect pests of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), causing significant damage to plant growth. The goal of this study was to determine the toxicity and mechanism of action of phenylpropanoids (trans-anethole and estragole) isolated from the methanol extract and hydrodistillate of Illicium verum fruit against third-instar larvae and eggs of Bradysia procera. RESULTS The filter-paper mortality bioassay revealed that estragole [median lethal concentration (LC50 ) = 4.68 g/cm2 ] has a significant fumigant effect, followed by trans-anethole (LC50 = 43.92 g/cm2 ). However, estragole had the lowest toxic effect when compared to commercially available insecticides. After 7 days, estragole and trans-anethole at 75 g/cm2 inhibited egg hatchability up to 97% and 93%, respectively. At 0.09 g/cm2 , insecticides had an inhibitory effect on egg-hatching ability ranging from 88% to 94%. Furthermore, in both closed and open containers, these active constituents were able to consistently induce vapor-phased toxicity. Both estragole and trans-anethole have the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is involved in neurotransmitter function. However, the active constituent estragole from I. verum fruit acted as a potent AChE inhibitor and had a slightly lower effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) than octopamine alone. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that estragole may influence Bradysia procera neurotransmitter function via both the AChE and octopaminergic receptors. More research is needed to demonstrate the potential applications of I. verum fruit-derived products as potential larvicides and ovicides for Bradysia procera population control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyun Hong
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seop Shin
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Jang
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of efficacy, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Shik Na
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chol-Soo Park
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ran Kim
- Plant Qurantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Qurantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | | | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Institute for Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Guo S, Wu Y, Xiao P, Li W. Benfuracarb inhibits body growth and causes oxidative stress in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132955. [PMID: 34801571 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benfuracarb (BEN), a broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide used for crop protection, is considered toxic to humans and aquatic organisms. However, the potential risk level of BEN to aquatic organisms is still unclear. In this study, we exposed zebrafish embryos to BEN (0.08, 0.49, and 0.90 mg/L) from 3 to 96 hours post-fertilization (hpf). The results showed that BEN caused shorter body length in zebrafish larvae. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased after BEN exposure. Furthermore, the transcription levels of marker genes associated with early embryonic development (myoD, nkx2.4b, myh6, and gh) were disrupted after BEN treatment. Taken together, the data indicate that BEN possesses developmental toxicity to zebrafish. The results provide a valuable reference for assessing BEN's potentially harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Yaqing Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Peng Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China.
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Zhang X, Wang W, Yu X, Liu Y, Li W, Yang H, Cui Y, Tian X. Biological composition analysis of a natural medicine, Faeces Vespertilionis, with complex sources using DNA metabarcoding. Sci Rep 2022; 12:375. [PMID: 35013500 PMCID: PMC8748881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Faeces Vespertilionis is a commonly used fecal traditional Chinese medicine. Traditionally, it is identified relying only on morphological characters. This poses a serious challenge to the composition analysis accuracy of this complex biological mixture. Thus, for quality control purposes, an accurate and effective method should be provided for taxonomic identification of Faeces Vespertilionis. In this study, 26 samples of Faeces Vespertilionis from ten provinces in China were tested using DNA metabarcoding. Seven operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected as belonging to bats. Among them, Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835) and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schober and Grimmberger, 1997) were the main host sources of Faeces Vespertilionis samples, with average relative abundances of 59.3% and 24.1%, respectively. Biodiversity analysis showed that Diptera and Lepidoptera were the most frequently consumed insects. At the species level, 19 taxa were clearly identified. Overall, our study used DNA metabarcoding to analyze the biological composition of Faeces Vespertilionis, which provides a new idea for the quality control of this special traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Protective effect of Asarum sieboldii essential oil on ovalbumin induced allergic rhinitis in rat. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224117. [PMID: 32395767 PMCID: PMC7268255 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of Asarum sieboldii Miq. essential oil (AEO) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=10): control, model, cetirizine (Cet, 4.65 g/kg), and AEO (0.5, 1.5, 3 g/kg) groups. All animals except the control group received repeated intranasal instillation with 20 μl of 20% OVA in Al(OH)3 saline solvent for 15 days. The control group was intranasally instilled with 5 mg/ml of Al(OH)3 instead of the same procedure. In the 15 days, Cet and AEO were orally administrated for 28 days. At the end of the drug administration, 20 μl of 5% OVA was given to animals to stimulate allergic reaction, then the rat behavioral detection, assessment of the patho-morphological changes in nasal mucosa, and the serum biomarkers were determined. The result showed that AEO could significantly reduce the amount of nasal secretions, sneezing, and the degree of nasal scratching in AR rats with EC50 = 1.5 and 2.8 g/kg, respectively. The degree of nasal mucosal inflammation in AEO group improved, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17 were decreased, and the level of IFN-γ was increased obviously with EC50 = 2 g/kg. CONCLUSION The study suggested that the possible mechanism might be related with the inhibition of histamine release and regulation of the cytokine levels, which plays an important role in the treatment of AR.
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Wu M, Xiong Y, Han R, Dong W, Xiao C. Fumigant Toxicity and Oviposition Deterrent Activity of Volatile Constituents from Asari Radix et Rhizoma against Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:6030938. [PMID: 33306098 PMCID: PMC7731873 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is a worldwide pest of potato. Plant-borne chemicals would be potential alternatives of synthetic chemical fumigants against P. operculella in the storage. Asari Radix et Rhizoma is derived from the dry roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum, A. sieboldii Miq. var. seoulense, or A. sieboldii. In this study, fumigant toxicity and oviposition deterrent of volatile constituents from ARR, δ-3-carene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, and methyleugenol were tested against P. operculella. The preliminary verification of preventive and control effects of eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene and methyleugenol on P. operculella was carried out by simulating warehouse experiments. The results indicated that the six compounds above had fumigation toxic effects on the adults and eggs of P. operculella. Among them, δ-3-carene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene had weaker fumigation effects than those of eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, and methyleugenol. The LC50 values of eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, and methyleugenol against adult P. operculella were 1.01, 1.78, 1.51 mg/liter air, respectively. The LC50 values against egg P. operculella were 1.09, 0.55, 0.30 mg/liter air, respectively. The oviposition deterrent experiment showed that only methyleugenol (at 5 and 1 mg/ml) and eucarvone (5 mg/ml) had a substantial oviposition deterrent effect. The simulated warehouse experiment verified that methyleugenol, eucarvone, and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene protected potatoes from P. operculella and demonstrated that methyleugenol had the best preventive and control effects. It was concluded that methyleugenol was the active ingredient with the most potential in the volatiles from ARR on P. operculella control and merit further study as botanic fumigant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Han
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenxia Dong
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Wen MF, Chi H, Lian YX, Zheng YH, Fan QH, You MS. Population characteristics of Macrocheles glaber (Acari: Macrochelidae) and Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) reared on a mushroom fly Coboldia fuscipes (Diptera: Scatopsidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:322-332. [PMID: 28738445 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Subterranean predatory mites are important biological control agents of pests in soil. In order to understand the population characteristics of two predatory mites, Macrocheles glaber Müller and Stratiolaelaps scimitus Womersley, we studied their development, survival and fecundity data under laboratory conditions using Coboldia fuscipes Meigen as a food source and analyzed them with the age-stage, two-sex life table. Macrocheles glaber had a significantly shorter developmental time, oviposition period, longevity and lower fecundity than those of S. scimitus. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0 ), net predation rate (C0 ), and finite predation rate (ω) of M. glaber were significantly lower than those of S. scimitus. Both population parameters and computer simulation implied that S. scimitus is a potential powerful biocontrol agent compared to M. glaber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hsin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ying-Xiao Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Min-Sheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
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Petkowski JJ, Bains W, Seager S. An Apparent Binary Choice in Biochemistry: Mutual Reactivity Implies Life Chooses Thiols or Nitrogen-Sulfur Bonds, but Not Both. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:579-613. [PMID: 30431334 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of biology is to understand the rules behind life's use of chemical space. Established work focuses on why life uses the chemistry that it does. Given the enormous scope of possible chemical space, we postulate that it is equally important to ask why life largely avoids certain areas of chemical space. The nitrogen-sulfur bond is a prime example, as it rarely appears in natural molecules, despite the very rich N-S bond chemistry applied in various branches of industry (e.g., industrial materials, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals). We find that, out of more than 200,000 known, unique compounds made by life, only about 100 contain N-S bonds. Furthermore, the limited number of N-S bond-containing molecules that life produces appears to fall into a few very distinctive structural groups. One may think that industrial processes are unrelated to biochemistry because of a greater possibility of solvents, catalysts, and temperatures available to industry than to the cellular environment. However, the fact that life does rarely make N-S bonds, from the plentiful precursors available, and has evolved the ability to do so independently several times, suggests that the restriction on life's use of N-S chemistry is not in its synthesis. We present a hypothesis to explain life's extremely limited usage of the N-S bond: that the N-S bond chemistry is incompatible with essential segments of biochemistry, specifically with thiols. We support our hypothesis by (1) a quantitative analysis of the occurrence of N-S bond-containing natural products and (2) reactivity experiments between selected N-S compounds and key biological molecules. This work provides an example of a reason why life nearly excludes a distinct region of chemical space. Combined with future examples, this potentially new field of research may provide fresh insight into life's evolution through chemical space and its origin and early evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz J Petkowski
- 1 Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sara Seager
- 1 Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- 3 Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Flower scent of Ceropegia stenantha: electrophysiological activity and synthesis of novel components. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:301-310. [PMID: 30868226 PMCID: PMC6579769 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In specialized pollination systems, floral scents are crucial for flower-pollinator communication, but key volatiles that attract pollinators are unknown for most systems. Deceptive Ceropegia trap flowers are famous for their elaborate mechanisms to trap flies. Recent studies revealed species-specific floral chemistry suggesting highly specialized mimicry strategies. However, volatiles involved in fly attraction were until now identified in C. dolichophylla and C. sandersonii, only. We here present data on C. stenantha for which flower scent and pollinators were recently described, but volatiles involved in flower-fly communication stayed unknown. We performed electrophysiological measurements with scatopsid fly pollinators (Coboldia fuscipes) and identified 12 out of 13 biologically active floral components. Among these volatiles some were never described from any organism but C. stenantha. We synthesized these components, tested them on antennae of male and female flies, and confirmed their biological activity. Overall, our data show that half of the volatiles emitted from C. stenantha flowers are perceived by male and female fly pollinators and are potentially important for flower-fly communication in this pollination system. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of the electrophysiologically active components in the life of scatopsid fly pollinators, and to fully understand the pollination strategy of C. stenantha.
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New Contributions to Asarum Powder on Immunology Related Toxicity Effects in Lung. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1054032. [PMID: 30245729 PMCID: PMC6139235 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1054032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Asarum is widely used in clinical practice of Chinese medicine in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Many toxic ingredients (safrole, etc.) had been found in Asarum that show multiple visceral toxicities. In this study, we performed systematic investigation of expression profiles of genes to take a new insight into unclear mechanism of Asarum toxicities in lung. Methods. mRNAs were extracted from lungs of rats after intragastric administration with/without Asarum powders, and microarray assays were applied to investigate gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes with significance were selected to carry out GO analysis. Subsequently, quantitative PCRs were performed to verify the differential expression of Tmprss6, Prkag3, Nptx2, Antxr11, Klk11, Rag2, Olr77, Cd7, Il20, LOC69, C6, Ccl20, LOC68, and Cd163 in lung. Changes of Ampk, Bcl2, Caspase 3, Il1, Il20, Matriptase2, Nfκb, Nptx2, and Rag2 in the lung on protein level were verified by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results. Compared with control group, the estimated organ coefficients were relatively increased in Asarum group. Results of GO analysis showed that a group of immune related genes in lung were expressed abnormally. The result of PCRs showed that Ccl20 was downregulated rather than other upregulated genes in the Asarum group. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry images showed that Asarum can upregulate the expression of Ampk, Caspase 3, Il1, Il20, Matriptase2, Nfκb, and Rag2 and downregulate the expression of Bcl2 in lung. Conclusion. Our data suggest that expressions of immune related genes in lung were selectively altered by Asarum. Therefore, inflammatory response was active, by regulating Caspase 3, Il1, Il20, Matriptase2, Nfκb, Rag2, Tmprss6, Prkag3, Nptx2, Antxr1, Klk11, Olr77, Cd7, LOC69, C6, LOC68, Cd163, Ampk, Bcl2, and Ccl20. Our study indicated that inflammatory factors take effect in lung toxicity caused by Asarum, which provides a new insight into molecular mechanism of Asarum toxicities in lung.
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Hong TK, Perumalsamy H, Jang KH, Na ES, Ahn YJ. Ovicidal and larvicidal activity and possible mode of action of phenylpropanoids and ketone identified in Syzygium aromaticum bud against Bradysia procera. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 145:29-38. [PMID: 29482729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bradysia procera is a serious insect pest of Panax ginseng plants. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity and mechanism of action of three phenylpropanoids, three terpenoids, and a ketone from Syzygium aromaticum bud methanol extract and hydrodistillate against third-instar larvae and eggs of B. procera. In a filter-paper mortality bioassay, methyl salicylate (LC50, 5.26μg/cm2) was the most toxic compound, followed by 2-nonanone, eugenol, and eugenyl acetate (8.77-15.40μg/cm2). These compounds were significantly less toxic than either thiamethoxam, clothianidin, or cypermethrin. Egg hatching was inhibited by 97, 85, and 40% at 11.7μg/cm2 of methyl salicylate, 2-nonanone, and eugenol, respectively. The egg-hatching inhibition of these insecticides was between 90 and 94% at 0.09μg/cm2. These constituents were consistently more toxic in closed versus open containers, indicating that toxicity was achieved mainly through the action of vapor. The mechanism of larvicidal action of methyl salicylate, eugenol, and eugenyl acetate might be primarily due to interference with the octopaminergic system. 2-Heptyl acetate and 2-nonanone might act on both acetylcholinesterase and the octopaminergic receptor. 2-Heptanone might act primarily on acetylcholinesterase. Further studies will warrant possible applications of S. aromaticum bud-derived products as potential larvicides and ovicides for the control of B. procera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyun Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Resource Analysis, R&D Headquarter, Korea Ginseng Cooperation, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Jang
- Laboratory of Resource Analysis, R&D Headquarter, Korea Ginseng Cooperation, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Shik Na
- Laboratory of Resource Analysis, R&D Headquarter, Korea Ginseng Cooperation, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Biocidal effects of Piper hispidinervum (Piperaceae) essential oil and synergism among its main components. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:1086-1092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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