1
|
Chen Y, Nguyen DT, Wheeler D, Herron GA. A novel mutation in mitochondrial cytochrome b conferring resistance to bifenazate in two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3612-3619. [PMID: 38451019 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae causes significant damage to ornamental, cotton, sugarcane and horticultural crops in Australia. It has a long history of developing resistance to many acaricides including bifenazate. A mutation in the conserved cd1- and ef-helices of the Qo pocket of cytochrome b is recognized as the primary mechanism of bifenazate resistance. To investigate the resistance mechanisms against bifenazate in Australian two-spotted spider mite, we sequenced the complete mitochondrion genome of five mite strains including a susceptible and bifenazate-resistant strain. RESULTS We identified a novel mutation D252N in the G126S background at cytochrome b being the cause of bifenazate resistance in a bifenazate-resistant strain, Bram. We validated the role of this mutation combination by reciprocal crosses between a bifenazate resistant and susceptible strain. By doing these crosses we confirmed the pattern of inheritance was maternal. Additionally, mitochondrial heteroplasmy was not observed by single mite genotyping of the mutations in cytb in a known bifenazate-resistant strain Bram. The phylogenetic analysis with the complete mitochondrion genome sequences revealed that Australian two-spotted spider mite strains are closely related to the green form of T. urticae found in China. CONCLUSIONS The novel mutation D252N found in the cytochrome b in the G126S background was revealed to be the main cause of bifenazate resistance in the Australian T. urticae strain Bram. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Chen
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Duong T Nguyen
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Wheeler
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grant A Herron
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alpkent YN, Ferizli AG. Monitoring detoxification enzyme levels and resistance of Tetranychus urticae against some METI-group chemicals in Türkiye cotton fields. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 93:211-227. [PMID: 38864992 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Acaricides used against Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) in cotton fields cause control failure over time. To determine the resistance status of T. urticae populations to tebufenpyrad and bifenazate, different populations collected from Aydın (AYD), Adana (ADA), Şanlıurfa (SAN), and Diyarbakır (DIY) provinces of Türkiye, between 2019 and 2020, were subjected to diagnostic dose bioassays. Firstly, the spider mites were eliminated with a discriminating dose. Afterwards, LC50 and LC90 of the remaining populations were determined and the ten highest resistant populations were selected. The highest phenotypic resistance to bifenazate was observed in AYD4 and DIY2 (LC50 57.14 mg L- 1 with 85.01-fold and LC50 30.15 mg L- 1with 44.86-fold, respectively), while the lowest phenotypic resistance was found in SAN6 (LC50 1.5 mg L- 1; 2.28-fold). Considering the phenotypic resistance to tebufenpyrad, the highest resistance was found in AYD4 population (LC50 96.81 mg L- 1; 12.92-fold), while the lowest - in DIY28 population (LC50 21.23 mg L- 1; 2.83-fold). In pharmacokinetic studies, the ADA16 population was compared with the sensitive German Susceptible Strain population and it was determined that carboxylesterase activity was statistically higher (1.46 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg protein enzyme activation 2.70-fold). The highest activation of glutathione S-transferase was detected in ADA16 (1.49 ± 0.01 nmol/min/mg protein; 2.32-fold). No mutations were found in PSST (METI 1), the point mutation site for tebufenpyrad, and Cytb (METI 3), the point mutation site for bifenazate. In terms of phenotypic resistance, bifenazate was found to be moderately resistant in two populations (85.01 and 44.86-fold), while tebufenpyrad was moderately resistant in one population (12.92-fold). This study showed that both acaricides are still effective against T. urticae populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Nazım Alpkent
- Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ankara, Yenimahalle, 06172, Türkiye.
| | - Ahmet Güray Ferizli
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Diskapi, 06110, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Rouck S, İnak E, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. A review of the molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance in mites and ticks. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103981. [PMID: 37391089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arachnida subclass of Acari comprises many harmful pests that threaten agriculture as well as animal health, including herbivorous spider mites, the bee parasite Varroa, the poultry mite Dermanyssus and several species of ticks. Especially in agriculture, acaricides are often used intensively to minimize the damage they inflict, promoting the development of resistance. Beneficial predatory mites used in biological control are also subjected to acaricide selection in the field. The development and use of new genetic and genomic tools such as genome and transcriptome sequencing, bulked segregant analysis (QTL mapping), and reverse genetics via RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9, have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in Acari, especially in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae which emerged as a model species. These new techniques allowed to uncover and validate new resistance mutations in a larger range of species. In addition, they provided an impetus to start elucidating more challenging questions on mechanisms of gene regulation of detoxification associated with resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Rouck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emre İnak
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dıskapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu X, Vandenhole M, Tsakireli D, Pergantis SA, Vontas J, Jonckheere W, Van Leeuwen T. Increased metabolism in combination with the novel cytochrome b target-site mutation L258F confers cross-resistance between the Q o inhibitors acequinocyl and bifenazate in Tetranychus urticae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105411. [PMID: 37105638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acequinocyl and bifenazate are potent acaricides acting at the Qo site of complex III of the electron transport chain, but frequent applications of these acaricides have led to the development of resistance in spider mites. Target-site resistance caused by mutations in the conserved cd1- and ef-helices of the Qo pocket of cytochrome b has been elucidated as the main resistance mechanism. We therefore monitored Qo pocket mutations in European field populations of Tetranychus urticae and uncovered a new mutation, L258F. The role of this mutation was validated by revealing patterns of maternal inheritance and by the independently replicated introgression in an unrelated susceptible genetic background. However, the parental strain exhibited higher resistance levels than conferred by the mutation alone in isogenic lines, especially for acequinocyl, implying the involvement of strong additional resistance mechanisms. This was confirmed by revealing a polygenic inheritance pattern with classical genetic crosses and via synergism experiments. Therefore, a genome-wide expression analysis was conducted that identified a number of highly overexpressed detoxification genes, including many P450s. Functional expression revealed that the P450 CYP392A11 can metabolize bifenazate by hydroxylation of the ring structure. In conclusion, the novel cytochrome b target-site mutation L258F was uncovered in a recently collected field strain and its role in acequinocyl and bifenazate resistance was validated. However, the high level of resistance in this strain is most likely caused by a combination of target-site resistance and P450-based increased detoxification, potentially acting in synergism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Lu
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marilou Vandenhole
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dimitra Tsakireli
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Spiros A Pergantis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - John Vontas
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Wim Jonckheere
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bajda SA, De Clercq P, Van Leeuwen T. Selectivity and molecular stress responses to classical and botanical acaricides in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:881-895. [PMID: 34862726 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acaricide application remains an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) for the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Species and strains of phytoseiid predatory mites vary significantly in their response to acaricides. For the success of IPM, it is imperative to identify the determinants of selectivity and molecular stress responses of acaricides in predatory mites. RESULTS The three classical acaricides bifenazate, cyflumetofen, and fenbutatin oxide did not affect the survival and fecundity of Phytoseiulus persimilis regardless of the route of exposure. Selectivity of the orange oil and terpenoid blend-based botanical acaricides was low via a combination of direct exposure, acaricide-laced diet, and residual exposure but improved when limiting exposure only to diet. To gain insights into the molecular stress responses, the transcriptome of P. persimilis was assembled. Subsequent gene expression analysis of predatory mites orally exposed to fenbutatin oxide and orange oil yielded only a limited xenobiotic stress response. In contrast, P. persimilis exhibited target-site resistance mutations, including I260M in SdhB, I1017M in CHS1, and kdr and super-kdr in VGSC. Extending the screen using available Phytoseiidae sequences uncovered I136T, S141F in cytb, G119S in AChE, and A2083V in ACC, well-known target-sites of acaricides. CONCLUSION Selectivity of the tested botanical acaricides to P. persimilis was low but could be enhanced by restricting exposure to a single route. Differential gene expression analysis did not show a robust induced stress response after sublethal exposure. In contrast, this study uncovered target-site mutations that may help to explain the physiological selectivity of several classical acaricides to phytoseiid predators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina A Bajda
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xue W, Wybouw N, Van Leeuwen T. The G126S substitution in mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b does not confer bifenazate resistance in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 85:161-172. [PMID: 34693496 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several genetic variants of the cd1- and ef-helices of the Qo site of mitochondrial cytochrome b have been associated with bifenazate resistance in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, an important crop pest around the world. Maternal inheritance of bifenazate resistance has provided strong evidence for the involvement of many of these mutations alone or in combination. A number of populations highly resistant to bifenazate were uncovered that carried the G126S substitution in combination with other target-site mutations. This G126S mutation has therefore been investigated in several studies in the context of resistance evolution and the development of diagnostic markers. However, experimental data that link bifenazate resistance with the presence of the G126S mutation without additional cd1- and ef-helices mutations, remain very limited. Here, we genotyped 38 T. urticae field populations for cytochrome b and uncovered nine field populations with a fixed or segregating G126S substitution without other target-site mutations in the conserved cd1- and ef-helices of the cytochrome b Qo pocket. Toxicity bioassays showed that all nine field populations were very susceptible to bifenazate, providing strong evidence that G126S alone does not confer bifenazate resistance. These findings also implicate that previous T. urticae populations with G126S found to be low to moderately resistant to bifenazate, evolved alternative mechanisms of resistance, and more importantly, that this mutation cannot be used as a molecular diagnostic for bifenazate resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Xue
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maeoka A, Osakabe M. Co-occurrence of subunit B and C mutations in respiratory complex II confers high resistance levels to pyflubumide and cyenopyrafen in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5149-5157. [PMID: 34255424 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyflubumide and cyenopyrafen are respiratory complex II (complex II) inhibitors. Previous quantitative trait locus analyses suggested associations of I260V and S56L in complex II subunit B (B-I260V) and subunit C (C-S56L) with pyflubumide and cyenopyrafen resistance, respectively, in Tetranychus urticae. However, although resistant strains had been selected separately by these acaricides, all strains were homozygous for both B-I260V and C-S56L. Hence, the effects of each mutation on resistance development remain unclear. RESULTS We established strains homozygous for B-I260V with C-S56 (B-I260V_I260V/C-S56_S56) and for C-S56L with B-I260 (B-I260_I260/C-S56L_S56L). High resistance levels (LC50 > 1000 mg L-1 ) to pyflubumide and cyenopyrafen was not conferred by B-I260V or C-S56L alone. Next, we prepared intermixed strains by crossing B-I260V_I260V/C-S56_S56 and B-I260_I260/C-S56L_S56L. Selection of the intermixed strains by either acaricide caused very high resistance levels (LC50 ≥ 10 000 mg L-1 ) to both acaricides and fixed both mutations. Allele-selected recoupling of the mutations without acaricide selection also conferred very high resistance levels to both acaricides in the intermixed strains. Unlike these, B-I260V or C-S56L alone conferred very high and high resistance levels to cyflumetofen, respectively. CONCLUSION We conclude that the effect of individual mutations characteristically varies among complex II inhibitors. Moreover, very high resistance levels to pyflubumide and cyenopyrafen is conferred by the co-occurrence of B-I260V and C-S56L mutations, which alone have limited effects on resistance level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Maeoka
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Osakabe
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Papapostolou KM, Riga M, Charamis J, Skoufa E, Souchlas V, Ilias A, Dermauw W, Ioannidis P, Van Leeuwen T, Vontas J. Identification and characterization of striking multiple-insecticide resistance in a Tetranychus urticae field population from Greece. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:666-676. [PMID: 33051974 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetranychus urticae is a notorious crop pest with a worldwide distribution that has developed resistance to a wide range of acaricides. Here, we investigated the resistance levels of a T. urticae population collected from an ornamental greenhouse in Peloponnese, Greece, and analyzed its resistance mechanisms at the molecular level. RESULTS Toxicological assays showed resistance against compounds with different modes of action, with resistance ratios of: 89-fold for abamectin; > 1000-fold for clofentezine; > 5000-fold for etoxazole; 27-fold for fenpyroximate and pyridaben; 20- and 36-fold for spirodiclofen and spirotetramat, respectively; and 116- and > 500-fold for cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, respectively. Bioassays with synergists indicated the involvement of detoxification enzymes in resistance to abamectin, but not to cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed significant over-expression of several genes encoding detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferases, which have been previously associated with acaricide resistance. Known target-site resistance mutations were identified in acetyl-choline esterase, chitin synthase 1 and NDUFS7/psst, but putative novel resistance mutations were also discovered in targets such as glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit 3. Interestingly, target-site resistance mutations against pyrethroids or bifenazate were not identified, possibly indicating a recent reduced selection pressure in Greece, as well as a possible opportunity to rotate these chemistries. CONCLUSION We identified and characterized a striking case of multiple acaricide resistance in a field population of T. urticae. Exceptionally strong resistance phenotypes, with accumulation of multiple resistance mutations and over-expression of P450s and other detoxification genes in the same field population are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Riga
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jason Charamis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Skoufa
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Souchlas
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Ilias
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi J, Koo HN, Kim SI, Park B, Kim H, Kim GH. Target-Site Mutations and Glutathione S-Transferases Are Associated with Acequinocyl and Pyridaben Resistance in the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080511. [PMID: 32784738 PMCID: PMC7469217 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a difficult-to-control pest due to its short life cycle and rapid resistance development. In this study, we characterized field strains collected in 2001 and 2003 that have been selected for acequinocyl resistance and pyridaben resistance, respectively. These strains displayed resistance ratios of 1798.6 and 5555.6, respectively, and were screened for cross-resistance against several currently used acaricides. The acequinocyl resistant strain exhibited pyridaben cross-resistance, but the pyridaben resistant strain showed no cross-resistance. The acequinocyl resistant strain exhibited point mutations in cytb (I256V and N321S) and PSST (H92R). In contrast, the pyridaben resistant strain exhibited the H92R but not the I256V and N321S point mutations. In addition, the increased GST metabolism and GST delta expression might be related to acequinocyl resistance in Tetranychus urticae. We hope that the data and patterns described here can now be exploited in the continued quest for rational resistance management strategies. Abstract The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a difficult-to-control pest due to its short life cycle and rapid resistance development. In this study, we characterized field strains collected in 2001 and 2003 that were selected for acequinocyl resistance (AR) and pyridaben resistance (PR), respectively. These strains displayed resistance ratios of 1798.6 (susceptible vs. AR) and 5555.6 (susceptible vs. PR), respectively, and were screened for cross-resistance against several currently used acaricides. The AR strain exhibited pyridaben cross-resistance, but the PR strain showed no cross-resistance. The AR strain exhibited point mutations in cytb (I256V, N321S) and PSST (H92R). In contrast, the PR strain exhibited the H92R but not the I256V and N321S point mutations. In some cases increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity has previously been linked to enhanced detoxification. The AR strain exhibited approximately 2.3-, 1.8-, and 2.2-fold increased GST activity against 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), and 4-nitrobenzyl chloride (NBC), respectively. Among the five GST subclass genes (delta, omega, mu, zeta, and kappa), the relative expression of delta class GSTs in the AR strain were significantly higher than the PR and susceptible strain. These results suggest that the I256V and N321S mutations and the increased GST metabolism and GST delta overexpression might be related to acequinocyl resistance in T. urticae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Choi
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (J.C.); (H.-N.K.); (S.I.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyun-Na Koo
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (J.C.); (H.-N.K.); (S.I.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Sung Il Kim
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (J.C.); (H.-N.K.); (S.I.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Bueyong Park
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Hyunkyung Kim
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (J.C.); (H.-N.K.); (S.I.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Gil-Hah Kim
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (J.C.); (H.-N.K.); (S.I.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-261-2555
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fotoukkiaii SM, Tan Z, Xue W, Wybouw N, Van Leeuwen T. Identification and characterization of new mutations in mitochondrial cytochrome b that confer resistance to bifenazate and acequinocyl in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1154-1163. [PMID: 31599486 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spider mites, mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b Qo pocket have been reported to confer resistance to the Qo inhibitors bifenazate and acequinocyl. In this study, we surveyed populations of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae for mutations in cytochrome b, linked newly discovered mutations with resistance and assessed potential pleiotropic fitness costs. RESULTS We identified two novel mutations in the Qo site: G132A (equivalent to G143A in fungi resistant to strobilurins) and G126S + A133T (previously reported to cause bifenazate and acequinocyl resistance in Panonychus citri). Two T. urticae strains carrying G132A were highly resistant to bifenazate but not acequinocyl, whereas a strain with G126S + A133T displayed high levels of acequinocyl resistance, but only moderate levels of bifenazate resistance. Bifenazate and acequinocyl resistance were inherited maternally, providing strong evidence for the involvement of these mutations in the resistance phenotype. Near isogenic lines carrying G132A revealed several fitness penalties in T. urticae; a lower net reproductive rate (R0 ), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (LM); a higher doubling time (DT); and a more male-biased sex ratio. CONCLUSIONS Several lines of evidence were provided to support the causal role of newly discovered cytochrome b mutations in bifenazate and acequinocyl resistance. Because of the fitness costs associated with the G132A mutation, resistant T. urticae populations might be less competitive in a bifenazate-free environment, offering opportunities for resistance management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Masoumeh Fotoukkiaii
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zoë Tan
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenxin Xue
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|