1
|
Cho W, So S, Han E, Myeong H, Park J, Hwang S, Kim J, Lee J. Rear-edge, low-diversity, and haplotypic uniformity in cold-adapted Bupleurum euphorbioides interglacial refugia populations. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10449-10462. [PMID: 33072272 PMCID: PMC7548181 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The high genetic diversity of rear-edge refugia populations is predicted to have resulted from species repeatedly migrating to low latitudes during glacial periods over the course of Quaternary climate change. However, several recent empirical studies of cold-tolerant plants revealed the opposite pattern. We investigated whether current habitats of the cold-adapted and range-restricted Bupleurum euphorbioides in the Baekdudaegan, South Korea, and North Korea could be interglacial refugia, and documented how their rear-edge populations differ genetically from those of typical temperate species. Phylogeographic analysis and ecological niche modeling (ENM) were used. The genetic structure was analyzed using microsatellite markers and chloroplast DNA sequences. The congener B. longiradiatum was included as a typical temperate plant species. Despite having almost identical life history traits, these congeneric species exhibited contrasting patterns of genetic diversity. ENM revealed an apparent maximum range contraction during the last interglacial. In contrast, its range expanded northward to the Russian Far East (Primorsky) during the Last Glacial Maximum. Thus, we hypothesize that B. euphorbioides retreated to its current refugia during interglacial periods. Unlike populations in the central region, the rear-edge populations were genetically impoverished and uniform, both within populations and in pooled regional populations. The rear-edge B. euphorbioides survived at least one past interglacial, contributing to the species' genetic diversity. We believe that such genetic variation in the cold-adapted B. euphorbioides gives the species the necessary adaptations to survive an upcoming favorable environment (the next glacial), unless there is artificial environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won‐Bum Cho
- Department of Biology EducationChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Soonku So
- Ecosystem Research DivisionKorea National Park Research InstituteWonjuKorea
| | - Eun‐Kyeong Han
- Department of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Hyeon‐Ho Myeong
- Ecosystem Research DivisionKorea National Park Research InstituteWonjuKorea
| | - Jong‐Soo Park
- Department of Biological SciencesInha UniversityIncheonKorea
| | | | - Joo‐Hwan Kim
- Department of Life ScienceGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siKorea
| | - Jung‐Hyun Lee
- Department of Biology EducationChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han EK, Cho WB, Park JS, Choi IS, Kwak M, Kim BY, Lee JH. A Disjunctive Marginal Edge of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Oak ( Quercus gilva) in East Asia: The High Genetic Distinctiveness and Unusual Diversity of Jeju Island Populations and Insight into a Massive, Independent Postglacial Colonization. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1114. [PMID: 32977695 PMCID: PMC7598624 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jeju Island is located at a marginal edge of the distributional range of East Asian evergreen broad-leaved forests. The low genetic diversity of such edge populations is predicted to have resulted from genetic drift and reduced gene flow when compared to core populations. To test this hypothesis, we examined the levels of genetic diversity of marginal-edge populations of Quercus gilva, restricted to a few habitats on Jeju Island, and compared them with the southern Kyushu populations. We also evaluated their evolutionary potential and conservation value. The genetic diversity and structure were analyzed using 40 polymorphic microsatellite markers developed in this study. Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) has been employed to develop our insights, which can be inferred from historical distribution changes. Contrary to our expectations, we detected a similar level of genetic diversity in the Jeju populations, comparable to that of the southern Kyushu populations, which have been regarded as long-term glacial refugia with a high genetic variability of East Asian evergreen trees. We found no signatures of recent bottlenecks in the Jeju populations. The results of STRUCTURE, neighbor-joining phylogeny, and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) with a significant barrier clearly demonstrated that the Jeju and Kyushu regions are genetically distinct. However, ENM showed that the probability value for the distribution of the trees on Jeju Island during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) converge was zero. In consideration of these results, we hypothesize that independent massive postglacial colonization from a separate large genetic source, other than Kyushu, could have led to the current genetic diversity of Jeju Island. Therefore, we suggest that the Jeju populations deserve to be separately managed and designated as a level of management unit (MU). These findings improve our understanding of the paleovegetation of East Asian evergreen forests, and the microevolution of oaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyeong Han
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Won-Bum Cho
- Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Jong-Soo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - In-Su Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Myounghai Kwak
- Biological and Genetic Resources Utilization Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea;
| | - Bo-Yun Kim
- Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea;
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Genetic diversity and structure of a rare endemic cactus and an assessment of its genetic relationship with a more common congener. Genetica 2018; 146:329-340. [PMID: 29779125 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Endemic, obligate outcrossing plant species with narrow geographic distributions and disjunct populations are prone to loss of genetic diversity. Simultaneously, delineating clear species boundaries is important for targeted conservation efforts. The rare and endemic cactus, Sclerocactus brevihamatus subsp. tobuschii (SBT), has a parapatric relationship with Sclerocactus brevihamatus subsp. brevihamatus (SBB) but genetic distance between the two taxa is unknown. We: (1) developed taxon-specific polymorphic microsatellites, (2) assessed genetic diversity within and among nine populations of SBT, and within one population of SBB, and (3) estimated the genetic relationship between the two subspecies. Within-population genetic diversity of SBT was moderate to high (mean Ho = 0.37; mean He = 0.59). Indirect estimate of inbreeding corrected for null alleles (Fis-INEst) was low for SBT, ranging from 0.03 to 0.14 (mean Fis-INEst = 0.07). Genetic differentiation among populations of SBT was low based on Fst (0.08) and AMOVA (ФPT = 0.10). Lack of genetic and spatial correlation in SBT populations coupled with the presence of private alleles and bottleneck events in several populations suggests that reproductive isolation is occurring but that sufficient time may not have yet passed to manifest strong differentiation. Cluster analyses segregated the 10 populations into three distinct groups, and separated SBB genotypes clearly. Results suggest that while hybridization between the two subspecies may occur, SBT is clearly differentiated genetically from SBB to retain its current taxonomic status.
Collapse
|
4
|
Soares LE, Goetze M, Zanella CM, Bered F. Genetic diversity and population structure of Vriesea reitzii (Bromeliaceae), a species from the Southern Brazilian Highlands. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:308-317. [PMID: 29583153 PMCID: PMC5913716 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Southern Brazilian Highlands are composed by a mosaic of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF) and grassland formations, an interesting landscape for the study of population structure. We analyzed the genetic diversity within and among populations of the MOF-endemic bromeliad Vriesea reitzii by genotyping seven nuclear microsatellite loci in 187 individuals from six populations. We characterized levels of genetic diversity and assessed the genetic structure among populations. Vriesea reitzii populations showed high levels of genetic variation (number of alleles 28 - 43, allelic richness 3.589 - 5.531) and moderate levels of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.123, RST = 0.096). The high levels of genetic diversity may be explained by species life-history traits, such as habit and mating system. The moderate structure may be a product of the combination of ancient and contemporary gene flow, resulting from the expansion of the forest in the Holocene, and/or due to facilitated dispersal mediated by the MOF’s mosaic landscape. The genetic results indicated no imminent threat to this bromeliad. However, the species is highly associated with the MOF, putting landscape conservation at the center of conservation efforts for the species’ maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Márcia Goetze
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila M Zanella
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,The John Bingham Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Cambridge, UK
| | - Fernanda Bered
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahrens CW, Supple MA, Aitken NC, Cantrill DJ, Borevitz JO, James EA. Genomic diversity guides conservation strategies among rare terrestrial orchid species when taxonomy remains uncertain. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:1267-1277. [PMID: 28334284 PMCID: PMC5604565 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Species are often used as the unit for conservation, but may not be suitable for species complexes where taxa are difficult to distinguish. Under such circumstances, it may be more appropriate to consider species groups or populations as evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). A population genomic approach was employed to investigate the diversity within and among closely related species to create a more robust, lineage-specific conservation strategy for a nationally endangered terrestrial orchid and its relatives from south-eastern Australia. METHODS Four putative species were sampled from a total of 16 populations in the Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP) bioregion and one population of a sub-alpine outgroup in south-eastern Australia. Morphological measurements were taken in situ along with leaf material for genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and microsatellite analyses. KEY RESULTS Species could not be differentiated using morphological measurements. Microsatellite and GBS markers confirmed the outgroup as distinct, but only GBS markers provided resolution of population genetic structure. The nationally endangered Diuris basaltica was indistinguishable from two related species ( D. chryseopsis and D. behrii ), while the state-protected D. gregaria showed genomic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Genomic diversity identified among the four Diuris species suggests that conservation of this taxonomically complex group will be best served by considering them as one ESU rather than separately aligned with species as currently recognized. This approach will maximize evolutionary potential among all species during increased isolation and environmental change. The methods used here can be applied generally to conserve evolutionary processes for groups where taxonomic uncertainty hinders the use of species as conservation units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collin W. Ahrens
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Science Division, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Megan A. Supple
- Australian National University, Research School of Biology, Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Nicola C. Aitken
- Australian National University, Research School of Biology, Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - David J. Cantrill
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Science Division, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Justin O. Borevitz
- Australian National University, Research School of Biology, Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. James
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Science Division, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Levy E, Byrne M, Coates DJ, Macdonald BM, McArthur S, van Leeuwen S. Contrasting Influences of Geographic Range and Distribution of Populations on Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Two Sympatric Pilbara Acacias. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163995. [PMID: 27768703 PMCID: PMC5074490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of geographic range on species persistence has long been of interest and there is a need for a better understanding of the genetic consequences for species with restricted distributions, particularly with the increasing rate of global species extinctions. However, the genetic effects of restricted range are often confounded by the impacts of population distribution. We compared chloroplast and nuclear genetic diversity and differentiation in two acacias, the restricted, patchily distributed Acacia atkinsiana and the widespread, semi-continuously distributed A. ancistrocarpa. Lower intra-population diversity and higher differentiation between populations were seen in A. atkinsiana compared to its widespread congener, A. ancistrocarpa. There was little evidence of geographical influences on population genetic structure in A. ancistrocarpa whereas A. atkinsiana exhibited nuclear genetic structure with isolation by distance, differentiation of near-coastal populations from those in the ranges, and differentiation of peripheral populations from those in the centre of the distribution. These results are consistent with expectations of the effect of geographic range and population distribution on genetic diversity, but indicate that distribution of populations rather than geographic range has influenced the observed genetic structure. The contrasting patterns observed here demonstrate that conservation approaches for species management and ecological restoration need to consider the distribution of populations in geographically restricted species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Levy
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M. Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D. J. Coates
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - B. M. Macdonald
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S. McArthur
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S. van Leeuwen
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu D, Chen M, Tang Q, Li X, Liu H. Geological events and Pliocene climate fluctuations explain the phylogeographical pattern of the cold water fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:225. [PMID: 25344323 PMCID: PMC4219125 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhynchocypris oxycephalus is a cold water fish with a wide geographic distribution including the relatively warm temperate regions of southern China. It also occurs in second- and third-step geomorphic areas in China. Previous studies have postulated that high-altitude populations of R. oxycephalus in southern China are Quaternary glacial relics. In this study, we used the mitochondrial gene Cytb and the nuclear gene RAG2 to investigate the species phylogeographical patterns and to test two biogeographic hypotheses: (1) that divergence between lineages supports the three-step model and (2) climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary resulted in the present distribution in southern China. Results Phylogenetic analysis detected three major matrilines (A, B, and C); with matrilines B and C being further subdivided into two submatrilines. Based on genetic distances and morphological differences, matriline A potentially represents a cryptic subspecies. The geographic division between matrilines B and C coincided with the division of the second and third geomorphic steps in China, suggesting a historical vicariance event. Pliocene climatic fluctuations might have facilitated the southwards dispersal of R. oxycephalus in matriline C, with the subsequent warming resulting in its split into submatrilines C1 and C2, leaving submatriline C2 as a relic in southern China. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that geological events (three steps orogenesis) and climate fluctuations during the Pliocene were important factors in shaping phylogeographical patterns in R. oxycephalus. Notably, no genetic diversity was detected in several populations, all of which possessed unique genotypes. This indicates the uniqueness of local populations and calls for a special conservation plan for the whole species at the population level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0225-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Ming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Qiongying Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Huanzhang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chung MY, Lopez-Pujol J, Chung JM, Kim KJ, Chung MG. Contrasting Levels of Clonal and Within-Population Genetic Diversity between the 2 Ecologically Different Herbs Polygonatum stenophyllum and Polygonatum inflatum (Liliaceae). J Hered 2014; 105:690-701. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
9
|
Active sexual reproduction but no sign of genetic diversity in range-edge populations of Vanilla roscheri Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae) in South Africa. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Chung MY, Chung MG. Large effective population sizes and high levels of gene flow between subpopulations of Lilium cernuum (Liliaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Chung MY, López-Pujol J, Chung MG. Comparative genetic structure between Sedum ussuriense and S. kamtschaticum (Crassulaceae), two stonecrops co-occurring on rocky cliffs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2014; 101:946-956. [PMID: 24907251 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
• Premise of the study: Geographic isolation due to discontinuities of suitable habitat may have significant effects on the genetic structure of plant populations. Even within a few kilometers, physical barriers to gene flow may lead to considerable genetic differentiation among populations.• Methods: Sedum ussuriense is a boreal species that in Korea occurs only in four valleys separated by mountain ranges in Juwangsan National Park and its vicinity (a range of ∼15 km). Its congener S. kamtschaticum, by contrast, co-occurs in the four valleys but also on the intervening mountains. Using 12 allozyme loci, we comparatively assessed genetic variability and structure in 12 population pairs of the two stonecrops.• Key results: While we found high and comparable levels of within-population genetic variation for the two species, among-population divergence was significantly higher in S. ussuriense (FST = 0.261 vs. FST = 0.165). Sedum ussuriense also showed a much higher percentage of among-valley variation (19%) than S. kamtschaticum (4%).• Conclusions: High levels of genetic diversity in the two Sedum species are consistent with the previous hypothesis that mountains of the Korean Peninsula served as glacial refugia for many boreal species. Given that the two congeners have similar life-history traits, the lower among-population differentiation in S. kamtschaticum is attributable to its higher abundance and more continuous distribution in the study area. This study confirms the central role of geographic isolation in the genetic structure of plant species even at very small scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yoon Chung
- Department of Biology and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jordi López-Pujol
- BioC, GReB, Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Myong Gi Chung
- Department of Biology and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Were the main mountain ranges in the Korean Peninsula a glacial refugium for plants? Insights from the congeneric pair Lilium cernuum – Lilium amabile. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
13
|
Chung MY, Moon MO, López-Pujol J, Chung JM, Chung MG. Genetic diversity in the two endangered endemic species Kirengeshoma koreana (Hydrangeaceae) and Parasenecio pseudotaimingasa (Asteraceae) from Korea: Insights into population history and implications for conservation. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Chung MY, López-Pujol J, Chung MG. Population history of the two carnivorous plants Drosera peltata var. nipponica and Drosera rotundifolia (Droseraceae) in Korea. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:2231-2239. [PMID: 24186960 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Drosera peltata var. nipponica, an element of the East Asia warm-temperate vegetation, and D. rotundifolia, a widely distributed boreal species, reach one of their northernmost and southernmost limits, respectively, on the Korean Peninsula. Because the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)-Holocene dynamics of warm-temperate and boreal paleovegetation differed considerably on the Peninsula, the population history of these two sundews is expected to be different, leaving differential imprints in their genetic structure. METHODS We investigated population genetic structure of D. peltata var. nipponica and D. rotundifolia in South Korea (10 populations of each for 20 allozyme loci) to infer their population history in this region. In addition, we compared the genetic variation harbored in the two sundews to those reported for other carnivorous and wetland plants. KEY RESULTS Drosera peltata var. nipponica showed no genetic diversity, whereas D. rotundifolia exhibited extremely low within-population variation (He = 0.005) and considerable among-population divergence (FST = 0.817). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that extant populations of D. peltata var. nipponica likely originated from a single ancestral population from southern Japan or southern China through postglacial dispersal. On the contrary, D. rotundifolia probably survived the LGM in situ, with extant populations derived from either one or several small source populations. We argue that separate conservation strategies should be employed, given that the two taxa have different ecological and demographic traits and harbor different levels of genetic diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yoon Chung
- Department of Biology and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chung MY, Moon MO, López-Pujol J, Maki M, Yamashiro T, Yukawa T, Sugiura N, Lee YI, Chung MG. Was Jeju Island a glacial refugium for East Asian warm-temperate plants? Insights from the homosporous fern Selliguea hastata (Polypodiaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:2240-2249. [PMID: 24190948 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY We posed two hypotheses for broad scenarios of postglacial recolonization of Korea by the warm-temperate vegetation: (1) that extant Korean populations are derived from a single refugium, or (2) that they are derived from multiple refugia. We chose a homosporous fern typical of East Asian warm-temperate vegetation, Selliguea hastata, to test which of the two scenarios is more likely and to check whether Japan contained putative glacial refugia. METHODS Using 16 allozyme loci, we obtained genotypes of 756 individuals from 20 populations, representative of the whole distribution area in Korea (including Jeju Island), Japan, and Taiwan. We assessed genetic variability within and among populations, Wright's F-statistics, and conducted analysis of molecular variance, model-based Bayesian clustering, and bottleneck tests. KEY RESULTS We found no allozyme variation within populations of S. hastata in mainland Korea, whereas genetic polymorphism was detected for populations from Jeju Island, Japan (in particular a population from southeastern Shikoku), and Taiwan. The levels of inbreeding within populations were high, consistent with the potential of S. hastata for intragametophytic selfing. CONCLUSIONS Data on allelic richness together with Bayesian clustering methods suggest a pattern of postglacial recolonization of mainland Korea from a single refugium, probably located either on Jeju Island or in Japan. Jeju Island should merit the highest priority for conservation biogeography, as it played a role as a Quaternary refugium for arctic-alpine, boreal, temperate as well as warm-temperate plants, as suggested here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yoon Chung
- Department of Biology and the Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Richards ZT, Miller DJ, Wallace CC. Molecular phylogenetics of geographically restricted Acropora species: implications for threatened species conservation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 69:837-51. [PMID: 23850500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the underlying causes of rarity and extinction risk in Acropora (staghorn coral), we contrast the minimum divergence ages and nucleotide diversity of an array of species with different range sizes and levels of threat. Time-calibrated Bayesian analyses based upon concatenated nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data implied contemporary range size and vulnerability are linked to species age. However, contrary to previous hypotheses that suggest geographically restricted Acropora species evolved in the Plio-Pleistocene, the molecular phylogeny depicts some Indo-Australian species have greater antiquity, diverging in the Miocene. Species age is not related to range size as a simple positive linear function and interpreting the precise tempo of evolution in this genus is greatly complicated by morphological homoplasy and a sparse fossil record. Our phylogenetic reconstructions provide new examples of how morphology conceals cryptic evolutionary relationships in this keystone genus, and offers limited support for the species groupings currently used in Acropora systematics. We hypothesize that in addition to age, other mechanisms (such as a reticulate ancestry) delimit the contemporary range of some Acropora species, as evidenced by the complex patterns of allele sharing and paraphyly we uncover. Overall, both new and ancient evolutionary information may be lost if geographically restricted and threatened Acropora species are forced to extinction. In order to protect coral biodiversity and resolve the evolutionary history of staghorn coral, further analyses based on comprehensive and heterogeneous morphological and molecular data utilizing reticulate models of evolution are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z T Richards
- Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, WA 6106, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chung MY, Chung JM, López-Pujol J, Park SJ, Chung MG. Genetic diversity in three species of Forsythia (Oleaceae) endemic to Korea: Implications for population history, taxonomy, and conservation. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
18
|
Chung MY, López-Pujol J, Chung JM, Moon MO, Chung MG. Genetic diversity in the Homosporous Fern Ophioglossum vulgatum (Ophioglossaceae) from South Korea: inference of mating system and population history. J Hered 2012; 104:263-72. [PMID: 23109721 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally believed that the members of Ophioglossaceae have subterranean, potentially bisexual gametophytes, which favor intragametophytic selfing. In Ophioglossaceae, previous allozyme studies revealed substantial inbreeding within Botrychium species and Mankyua chejuense. However, little is known about the mating system in species of the genus Ophioglossum. Molecular marker analyses can provide insights into the relative occurrence of selfing versus cross-fertilization in the species of Ophioglossum. We investigated allozyme variation in 8 Korean populations of the homosporous fern Ophioglossum vulgatum to infer its mating system and to get some insight into the population-establishment history in South Korea. We detected homozygous genotypes for alternative alleles at several loci, which suggest the occurrence of intragametophytic self-fertilization. Populations harbor low within-population variation (% P = 7.2, A = 1.08, and H (e) = 0.026) and a high among-population differentiation (F (ST) = 0.733). This, together with the finding that alternative alleles were fixed at several loci, suggests that the number and size of populations of O. vulgatum might have been severely reduced during the last glaciation (i.e., due to its in situ persistence in small, isolated refugia). The combined effects of severe random genetic drift and high rates of intragametophytic selfing are likely responsible for the genetic structure displayed by this homosporous fern. Its low levels of genetic diversity in South Korea justify the implementation of some conservation measures to ensure its long-term preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yoon Chung
- Department of Biology and the Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|