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Obico JJA, Lapuz RSC, Barcelona JF, Pelser PB. What explains the high island endemicity of Philippine Rafflesia? A species distribution modeling analysis of three threatened parasitic plant species and their hosts. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16267. [PMID: 38059662 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Rafflesia are rare holoparasitic plants. In the Philippines, all but one species are found only on single islands. This study aimed to better understand the factors contributing to this distributional pattern. Specifically, we sought to determine whether narrow environmental tolerances of host and/or parasite species might explain their island endemicity. METHODS We used Maxent species distribution modeling to identify areas with suitable habitat for R. lagascae, R. lobata, and R. speciosa and their Tetrastigma host species. These analyses were carried out for current climate conditions and two future climate change scenarios. RESULTS Although species distribution models indicated suitable environmental conditions for the Tetrastigma host species in many parts of the Philippines, considerably fewer areas were inferred to have suitable conditions for the three Rafflesia species. Some of these areas are on islands from which they have not been reported. All three species will face significant threats as a result of climate change. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that limited inter-island dispersibility and/or specific environmental requirements are likely responsible for the current pattern of island endemicity of the three Rafflesia species, rather than environmental requirements of their Tetrastigma host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper J A Obico
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - R Sedricke C Lapuz
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Julie F Barcelona
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Pieter B Pelser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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Pérez-Alquicira J, Wehncke EV, García-Loza GA, Carstens BC, Domínguez CA, Pérez-Ishiwara R, Molina-Freaner FE, Zamora-Tavares MDP, Rico Y, Cabrera-Toledo D, Vargas-Ponce O, Rodríguez A, Ezcurra E. Geographic isolation and long-distance gene flow influence the genetic structure of the blue fan palm Brahea armata (Arecaceae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:277-290. [PMID: 36905462 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the Baja California Peninsula (BCP) has impacted the microevolutionary dynamics of different species in ways that depend on biological traits such as dispersal capacity. Plants with relatively low levels of vagility have exhibited high genetic divergence between the BCP and Continental mainland. Brahea armata (Arecaceae) is a palm species inhabiting the northern part of the BCP and Sonora; its distribution occurs in isolated oases of vegetation. We aimed to evaluate the influence of the formation of the BCP on the genetic structure of B. armata using nuclear microsatellites and chloroplast markers (cpDNA) to compare patterns of genetic diversity and structure with previous published studies. Because gene flow through seeds is usually more limited compared to pollen flow, we expect to find stronger genetic structure at (cpDNA) than at nuclear markers. Moreover, larger genetic structure might also be explained by the smaller effective population size of cpDNA. We analyzed six microsatellite markers and two cpDNA regions. The main results indicated high levels of genetic differentiation among isolated populations located in the BCP, while low genetic differentiation was found between southern populations of the BCP and Sonora, suggesting long distance gene flow. In contrast, chloroplast markers indicated high levels of genetic structure between BCP and Sonora populations, suggesting asymmetrical gene flow between pollen (measured by nuclear microsatellites) and seed (cpDNA markers). This study provides valuable information on genetic diversity of B. armata that can be relevant for conservation and management; and develops microsatellites markers that can be transferred to other Brahea species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pérez-Alquicira
- Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ing. Ramón Sánchez Padilla 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
- CONACYT, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Elisabet V Wehncke
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A García-Loza
- Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ing. Ramón Sánchez Padilla 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Bryan C Carstens
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology and Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - César A Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rubén Pérez-Ishiwara
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Francisco E Molina-Freaner
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 83250, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - María Del Pilar Zamora-Tavares
- Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ing. Ramón Sánchez Padilla 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yessica Rico
- CONACYT, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Dánae Cabrera-Toledo
- Departamento de Botánica Y Zoología, Instituto de Botánica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas Y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sanchez 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Vargas-Ponce
- Departamento de Botánica Y Zoología, Instituto de Botánica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas Y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sanchez 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Aarón Rodríguez
- Departamento de Botánica Y Zoología, Instituto de Botánica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas Y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sanchez 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Exequiel Ezcurra
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2142 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Mkala EM, Jost M, Wanke S, Ngarega BK, Hughes A, Mutinda ES, Waswa EN, Mwanzia VM, Oulo MA, Wanga VO, Ngumbau VM, Mwachala G, Hu GW, Wang QF. How vulnerable are holoparasitic plants with obligate hosts to negative climate change impacts? ECOL INFORM 2022; 69:101636. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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Mkala EM, Jost M, Wanke S, Ngarega BK, Hughes A, Mutinda ES, Waswa EN, Mwanzia VM, Oulo MA, Wanga VO, Ngumbau VM, Mwachala G, Hu GW, Wang QF. How vulnerable are holoparasitic plants with obligate hosts to negative climate change impacts? ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vásquez-Aguilar AA, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Angulo DF, Jarquín-Díaz VH. Phylogeography and population differentiation in Hepatozoon canis (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) reveal expansion and gene flow in world populations. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:467. [PMID: 34521451 PMCID: PMC8439048 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatozoon canis is a protozoan transmitted to dogs and other wild carnivores by the ingestion of ticks containing mature oocysts and is considered the principal cause of canine hepatozoonosis in the world. Here, we examined ribosomal RNA 18S gene sequence variation to determine the genetic differences and phylogeographic diversity of H. canis from various geographical areas around the world. METHODS We used 550 publicly available sequences of H. canis from 46 countries to assess haplotype relationships, geographical structure, genetic diversity indices, and relationships among populations. We performed neutrality tests and pairwise comparisons of fixation index (FST) values between groups and pairwise comparisons of FST values between populations. To determine whether populations are structured, analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs) and spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) were performed. RESULTS The dataset of H. canis yielded 76 haplotypes. Differentiation among populations indicated that there is no phylogeographical structure (GST = 0.302 ± 0.0475). Moreover, when samples were grouped by continents a significant FST was obtained, meaning that populations were genetically differentiated. The AMOVA showed that 57.4% of the genetic variation was explained by differences within populations when all locations were treated as a single group and revealed that there is no population structure when populations are grouped into two, three, and four groups (FCT, p > 0.05), suggesting that dispersal between populations is high. SAMOVA revealed significant FCT values for groups K = 5. The Tajima's D and Fu's Fs show that populations have undergone recent expansion, and the mismatch distribution analysis showed population expansion (multimodal distribution). CONCLUSIONS The current molecular data confirmed that H. canis does not show phylogeographic or population structure. The haplotypes exhibit low genetic differentiation, suggesting a recent expansion due to gene flow among populations. These results provide pivotal information required for future detailed population genetic analysis or to establish control strategies of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Acini Vásquez-Aguilar
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, 91073 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz 91000 México
| | | | - Diego F. Angulo
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, 91073 Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Jarquín-Díaz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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Dolby GA. Towards a unified framework to study causality in Earth-life systems. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5628-5642. [PMID: 34427004 PMCID: PMC9292314 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in better understanding how earth processes shape the generation and distribution of life on Earth. This question, at its heart, is one of causation. In this article I propose that at a regional level, earth processes can be thought of as behaving somewhat deterministically and may have an organized effect on the diversification and distribution of species. However, the study of how landscape features shape biology is challenged by pseudocongruent or collinear variables. I demonstrate that causal structures can be used to depict the cause–effect relationships between earth processes and biological patterns using recent examples from the literature about speciation and species richness in montane settings. This application shows that causal diagrams can be used to better decipher the details of causal relationships by motivating new hypotheses. Additionally, the abstraction of this knowledge into structural equation metamodels can be used to formulate theory about relationships within Earth–life systems more broadly. Causal structures are a natural point of collaboration between biologists and Earth scientists, and their use can mitigate against the risk of misassigning causality within studies. My goal is that by applying causal theory through application of causal structures, we can build a systems‐level understanding of what landscape features or earth processes most shape the distribution and diversification of species, what types of organisms are most affected, and why.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer A Dolby
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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