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Škvorová P, Kulma M, Božik M, Kurečka M, Plachý V, Slavíková D, Šebelová K, Kouřimská L. Evaluation of rapeseed cake as a protein substitute in the feed of edible crickets: A case study using Gryllus assimilis. Food Chem 2024; 441:138254. [PMID: 38194792 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
This paper aimed to investigate the optimization of Gryllus assimilis farming production by examining the effects of replacing soybean meal with rapeseed cake (25-100%) and supplementing it with rapeseed oil. The results reveal no adverse effects of soybean meal replacement on the feed conversion ratio and weight of the harvested crickets. However, incorporating larger quantities of rapeseed cake into the diet increased crude protein and decreased fat content. Moreover, the composition of fatty acids varied significantly, with increased levels of oleic acid and decreased levels of palmitic acid, while a high rapeseed cake content led to a decrease in the atherogenic and thrombogenic index values. The amino acid composition remained unaffected. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that rapeseed cake can serve as a viable substitute for soybean meal in the diet of Gryllus assimilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Škvorová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kulma
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Matěj Božik
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Kurečka
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Plachý
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniela Slavíková
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Šebelová
- Department of Food Science, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Kouřimská
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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Umebara I, Akutsu K, Kubo M, Iijima A, Sakurai R, Masutomi H, Ishihara K. Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition and Volatile Profile of Powder from Edible Crickets ( Acheta domesticus) Reared on Apple By-Products. Foods 2024; 13:1668. [PMID: 38890896 PMCID: PMC11172300 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Edible crickets have recently been used as a new alternative protein source with high nutritional value. The nutritional and flavor-related value of edible crickets varies greatly depending on the species, growth conditions and processing conditions. However, few studies have investigated the effects of the diet fed to crickets during their growth phase on flavor. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the flavor-related factors of powder from crickets reared on apple by-products (ACP) by comparing them with those of powder from crickets reared on a control diet (CCP). The fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of each powder were determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, followed by sensory analysis and color measurement. A decrease in unsaturated fatty acids, specifically γ-linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, was observed in ACP. A total of 50 volatile compounds were identified, of which 11 were present in only ACP, while 39 were found in both powders. The sensory analysis showed that the overall balance score of ACP was higher than that of CCP, and according to the color measurements, ACP was darker than CCP. These differences between CCP and ACP might have been due to the differences in the chemical composition of the diets fed to the crickets during their growth phase. The results of this study suggest that one of the factors determining the food value of edible crickets, especially in terms of flavor, is the diet they are fed during their growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Umebara
- Research and Development Division, Calbee, Inc., 23-6 Kiyohara-Kogyodanchi, Utsunomiya 321-3231, Tochigi, Japan; (I.U.); (K.I.)
| | - Keiko Akutsu
- Research and Development Division, Calbee, Inc., 23-6 Kiyohara-Kogyodanchi, Utsunomiya 321-3231, Tochigi, Japan; (I.U.); (K.I.)
| | - Misako Kubo
- Research and Development Division, Calbee, Inc., 23-6 Kiyohara-Kogyodanchi, Utsunomiya 321-3231, Tochigi, Japan; (I.U.); (K.I.)
| | - Akihiro Iijima
- FUTURENAUT Co., Ltd., 1300 Kaminamienomachi, Takasaki 370-0801, Gunma, Japan; (A.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Ren Sakurai
- FUTURENAUT Co., Ltd., 1300 Kaminamienomachi, Takasaki 370-0801, Gunma, Japan; (A.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Hirofumi Masutomi
- Research and Development Division, Calbee, Inc., 23-6 Kiyohara-Kogyodanchi, Utsunomiya 321-3231, Tochigi, Japan; (I.U.); (K.I.)
| | - Katsuyuki Ishihara
- Research and Development Division, Calbee, Inc., 23-6 Kiyohara-Kogyodanchi, Utsunomiya 321-3231, Tochigi, Japan; (I.U.); (K.I.)
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3
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Natusch D, Aust PW, Caraguel C, Taggart PL, Ngo VT, Alexander GJ, Shine R, Coulson T. Python farming as a flexible and efficient form of agricultural food security. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5419. [PMID: 38485710 PMCID: PMC10940618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diminishing natural resources and increasing climatic volatility are impacting agri-food systems, prompting the need for sustainable and resilient alternatives. Python farming is well established in Asia but has received little attention from mainstream agricultural scientists. We measured growth rates in two species of large pythons (Malayopython reticulatus and Python bivittatus) in farms in Thailand and Vietnam and conducted feeding experiments to examine production efficiencies. Pythons grew rapidly over a 12-month period, and females grew faster than males. Food intake and growth rates early in life were strong predictors of total lifetime growth, with daily mass increments ranging from 0.24 to 19.7 g/day for M. reticulatus and 0.24 to 42.6 g/day for P. bivittatus, depending on food intake. Pythons that fasted for up to 4.2 months lost an average of 0.004% of their body mass per day, and resumed rapid growth as soon as feeding recommenced. Mean food conversion rate for dressed carcasses was 4.1%, with useable products (dressed carcass, skin, fat, gall bladder) comprising 82% of the mass of live animals. In terms of food and protein conversion ratios, pythons outperform all mainstream agricultural species studied to date. The ability of fasting pythons to regulate metabolic processes and maintain body condition enhances food security in volatile environments, suggesting that python farming may offer a flexible and efficient response to global food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Natusch
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - P W Aust
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Caraguel
- School of Animal & Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - P L Taggart
- School of Animal & Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - V T Ngo
- National Key Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnamese Academy of Sciences and Technology, 9/621 Hanoi Highway, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - G J Alexander
- Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R Shine
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - T Coulson
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Conway A, Jaiswal S, Jaiswal AK. The Potential of Edible Insects as a Safe, Palatable, and Sustainable Food Source in the European Union. Foods 2024; 13:387. [PMID: 38338521 PMCID: PMC10855650 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Entomophagy describes the practice of eating insects. Insects are considered extremely nutritious in many countries worldwide. However, there is a lethargic uptake of this practice in Europe where consuming insects and insect-based foodstuffs is often regarded with disgust. Such perceptions and concerns are often due to a lack of exposure to and availability of food-grade insects as a food source and are often driven by neophobia and cultural norms. In recent years, due to accelerating climate change, an urgency to develop alternate safe and sustainable food-sources has emerged. There are currently over 2000 species of insects approved by the World Health Organization as safe to eat and suitable for human consumption. This review article provides an updated overview of the potential of edible insects as a safe, palatable, and sustainable food source. Furthermore, legislation, food safety issues, and the nutritional composition of invertebrates including, but not limited, to crickets (Orthoptera) and mealworms (Coleoptera) are also explored within this review. This article also discusses insect farming methods and the potential upscaling of the industry with regard to future prospects for insects as a sustainable food source. Finally, the topics addressed in this article are areas of potential concern to current and future consumers of edible insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Conway
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 ADY7, Ireland; (A.C.); (S.J.)
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 ADY7, Ireland; (A.C.); (S.J.)
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - Amit K. Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 ADY7, Ireland; (A.C.); (S.J.)
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin—City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 H6K8, Ireland
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Kępińska-Pacelik J, Biel W, Podsiadło C, Tokarczyk G, Biernacka P, Bienkiewicz G. Nutritional Value of Banded Cricket and Mealworm Larvae. Foods 2023; 12:4174. [PMID: 38002231 PMCID: PMC10670232 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect farming is more ecological than traditional animal farming, as it requires less water and contributes to lower greenhouse gas emissions. In our study, banded cricket (BC) and mealworm larvae (ML) were analyzed. The proximate composition was determined according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The mineral content was determined by colorimetry and mass spectrometry. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained from the samples and separated using a gas chromatography apparatus, coupled with a mass spectrometer. Our research confirmed that insects are a rich source of protein, with ML containing significantly more protein than BC (74.41 and 65.66 g/100 g dry matter (DM), respectively). In terms of the content of macrominerals, ML was significantly richer than BC, especially in terms of magnesium content (8.75 g/100 g DM). In terms of the content of saturated fatty acids, BC contained almost twice as much as ML (40.05 and 24.74% of the sum of fatty acids, respectively). EPA and DHA were only detected in the fat of BC. The presented results prove that both ML and BC can be good sources of protein both in human and companion animal diets. The component that is predominantly high in insects is fat, with a favorable fatty acid profile, especially in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study contributes new knowledge on the nutritional value of edible insects. In this research, we included three different nitrogen conversion factors for crude protein content. Our results partially confirm previous studies by other authors, although they provide new information on the content of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Wioletta Biel
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Cezary Podsiadło
- Department of Agroengineering, Division of Irrigation, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Tokarczyk
- Department of Fish, Plant and Gastronomy Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI 4, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland; (G.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrycja Biernacka
- Department of Fish, Plant and Gastronomy Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI 4, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland; (G.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Bienkiewicz
- Department of Commodity Science, Quality Assessment, Process Engineering and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI 4, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
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6
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Takacs J, Bryon A, Jensen AB, van Loon JJA, Ros VID. Effects of Temperature and Density on House Cricket Survival and Growth and on the Prevalence of Acheta Domesticus Densovirus. INSECTS 2023; 14:588. [PMID: 37504594 PMCID: PMC10380462 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The house cricket, Acheta domesticus, is a commonly reared insect for food and feed purposes. In 1977, a report described a colony collapse, which was caused by the single-stranded DNA virus Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDV). Currently, there are no confirmed A. domesticus colonies free of AdDV, and viral disease outbreaks are a continuous threat to A. domesticus mass rearing. Correlations between cricket rearing density or temperature and AdDV abundance have been hypothesized, but experimental evidence is lacking. Optimised rearing conditions, including temperature and density, are key to cost-effective cricket production. In this study, house crickets were subjected to different combinations of rearing density (10, 20, 40 crickets per box) and temperature (25, 30, 35 °C) to study the effect on cricket survival, biomass, and AdDV abundance. Rearing temperature affected had a minor effect on survival, which ranged between 80 and 83%. Total cricket biomass increased with higher temperatures and higher densities. Viral abundance in crickets at the end of the rearing period was variable; however, high rearing density seemed to result in higher AdDV abundance. At 35 °C, a temperature considered suboptimal for house cricket production, viral abundance tended to be lower than at 25 or 30 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Takacs
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Bryon
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annette B Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joop J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera I D Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sabolová M, Kulma M, Petříčková D, Kletečková K, Kouřimská L. Changes in purine and uric acid content in edible insects during culinary processing. Food Chem 2023; 403:134349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ververis E, Boué G, Poulsen M, Pires SM, Niforou A, Thomsen ST, Tesson V, Federighi M, Naska A. A systematic review of the nutrient composition, microbiological and toxicological profile of Acheta domesticus (house cricket). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Chirinda N, Peters M, Burkart S, Notenbaert A, Van Der Hoek R. Editorial: Realizing livelihood and environmental benefits of forages in tropical crop-tree-livestock systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1056522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Weber N, Kouřimská L, Kulma M, Petříčková D, Seufert F, Rychlik M. Folate contents in insects as promising food components quantified by stable isotope dilution. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970255. [PMID: 36159461 PMCID: PMC9499261 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerning the increasing population, edible insects are of growing interest due to several advantages such as sustainable production and as a source of high-quality nutrients. One of the less studied nutrients are folates, in the context of insects is folates, which play an important role in human metabolism. In the article, we describe how six different insect species are reared and extracted for five common folate vitamers by high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For this purpose, house crickets (Acheta domesticus—adults), Jamaican field crickets (Gryllus assimilis—adults), discoid cockroaches (Blaberus discoidalis—nymphs), migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria—adults), mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), and lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) were investigated. The total folate content differs between 59.1 ± 6.50 and 143 ± 11.1 μg/100 g. Also, the feed, which was adapted to the needs of the insects and differed for some species, was extracted for their total folate content. The four different feed compositions (rapeseed, chicken feed, bramble leaves, and a mix of chicken feed, wheat bran, and carrot/apples) showed a folate content of about 100 μg/100 g, except for hay, where the content was 300 μg/100 g. In general, the insect folate content is comparable to other food and seems to be a promising source of folates. However, the amount of consumption needed to meet the requirement must also be considered. Moreover, the effect of different influencing factors is not yet entirely clear and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Weber
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Research Department Life Science Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nadine Weber,
| | - Lenka Kouřimská
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czechia
| | - Martin Kulma
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czechia
| | - Dora Petříčková
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czechia
| | - Franziska Seufert
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Research Department Life Science Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Research Department Life Science Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Production Performance and Nutrient Conversion Efficiency of Field Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) in Mass-Rearing Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172263. [PMID: 36077983 PMCID: PMC9454574 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Farming edible insects such as field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus), called the Mediterranean cricket, is increasingly being adapted for more commercial purposes. Adapting the mass cricket-rearing conditions for field cricket production, we found crickets had a typical growth rate and capacity for conversion of ingested feed into body mass. The efficiency of the deposition of major nutrients (inorganic matter, protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate) in the field crickets from the ingested feed is possible to be measured under mass cricket-rearing conditions. The feed intake and mortality rate for cricket rearing should be considered for calculating major nutrient conversion efficiency as increased mortality rate resulted in higher conversion efficiency. Abstract Currently, there is an increased interest in mass producing edible insects, e.g., field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus), due to their market value and sustainable development. The current study aimed to measure the production performance of field crickets and to quantify the major nutrient deposition rate using a new approach for a nutrient conversion efficiency calculation for the field crickets under mass-rearing conditions. The field crickets were reared under mass-rearing conditions in the rearing crates and fed with a commercial cricket feed. Measurements for daily feed offered, final body weight, and dead cricket quantity were carried out during the feeding trial period. There were three production rounds with the same procedure for farmed cricket management. The samples of diet, adult crickets, and dead crickets were collected and then analyzed for chemical analysis of macronutrients. The production performance and nutrient conversion efficiency were calculated and then compared with applicable earlier reports for both field and house (Acheta domesticus) crickets. The production performance for the studied field crickets under mass-rearing conditions had final a body weight, an average daily gain (ADG), a feed conversion ratio (FCR), and a survival rate of 0.95 g, 23.20 mg/day, 2.94 and 88.51%, respectively. The field crickets had nutrient conversion efficiency for dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of 13.26, 8.03, 28.95, 88.94, 34.87, and 1.85, respectively, with an adjusted nutrient conversion efficiency of 14.85, 8.99, 32.37, 99.17, 38.95, and 2.10, respectively. Thus, the production of field crickets could be performed under mass-rearing conditions, and the nutrient conversion efficiency for both adjusted and non-adjusted values could be measured.
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Lumanlan JC, Williams M, Jayasena V. Edible Insects: Environmentally Friendly Sustainable Future Food Source. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Williams
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Bourke St Richmond NSW 2753
| | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Bourke St Richmond NSW 2753
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13
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Molfetta M, Morais EG, Barreira L, Bruno GL, Porcelli F, Dugat-Bony E, Bonnarme P, Minervini F. Protein Sources Alternative to Meat: State of the Art and Involvement of Fermentation. Foods 2022; 11:2065. [PMID: 35885308 PMCID: PMC9319875 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat represents an important protein source, even in developing countries, but its production is scarcely sustainable, and its excessive consumption poses health issues. An increasing number of Western consumers would replace, at least partially, meat with alternative protein sources. This review aims at: (i) depicting nutritional, functional, sensory traits, and critical issues of single-cell proteins (SCP), filamentous fungi, microalgae, vegetables (alone or mixed with milk), and insects and (ii) displaying how fermentation could improve their quality, to facilitate their use as food items/ingredients/supplements. Production of SCP (yeasts, filamentous fungi, microalgae) does not need arable land and potable water and can run continuously, also using wastes and byproducts. Some filamentous fungi are also consumed as edible mushrooms, and others are involved in the fermentation of traditional vegetable-based foods. Cereals, pseudocereals, and legumes may be combined to offer an almost complete amino acid profile. Fermentation of such vegetables, even in combination with milk-based products (e.g., tarhana), could increase nutrient concentrations, including essential amino acids, and improve sensory traits. Different insects could be used, as such or, to increase their acceptability, as ingredient of foods (e.g., pasta). However, insects as a protein source face with safety concerns, cultural constraints, and a lack of international regulatory framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Molfetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (G.L.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Etiele G. Morais
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (E.G.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Luisa Barreira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (E.G.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Giovanni Luigi Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (G.L.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (G.L.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Eric Dugat-Bony
- UMR SayFood, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France; (E.D.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Pascal Bonnarme
- UMR SayFood, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France; (E.D.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Fabio Minervini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (G.L.B.); (F.P.)
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14
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Riekkinen K, Väkeväinen K, Korhonen J. The Effect of Substrate on the Nutrient Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Edible Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070590. [PMID: 35886766 PMCID: PMC9321513 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The search of new sustainably produced protein sources for food and feed is vigorously under investigation. One promising possibility is to increase the use of edible insects as a part of our diet. The nutrient content of edible insects, in particular, a high content of good quality protein and unsaturated fatty acids with essential fatty acids, is an important health aspect when screening the most potential insect species for human consumption. Based on this review, the substrate affects the nutrient content of insects. Moreover, our correlation calculations demonstrated that the fatty acid content of the substrate influences the nutritional value of insects. In general, high content of unsaturated fatty acids in the substrate increased the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in insects. For example, the content of essential fatty acids, linoleic and alpha linolenic acids, can be raised by feeding insects with modified substrate. Thus, edible insects can be a healthy protein source to ease the increased demand for high quality food. Abstract Demand for new food sources and production methods is increasing due to overall population growth, as well as the aim towards more sustainable use of natural resources and circular economy. Edible insects already used in many parts of the world have recently attracted interest as a new protein source in Europe, and novel food acceptance procedures are ongoing in the European Union for several insect species. In this paper, the effects of substate on the nutritional value, especially the fatty acid composition, of edible insects were reviewed and correlation calculations performed. The nutritional value of edible insects is an important health aspect, in particular, a high content of good-quality protein and unsaturated fatty acids with essential fatty acids, and an optimal fatty acid n6/n3 ratio. On the basis of our findings, the nutrient content of insects can be modified by using a feed substrate carefully designed for each individual insect species. In addition, our correlation calculations demonstrated that the contents of linoleic and alpha linolenic acids in insects reflected the contents of these acids in the substrate. In conclusion, optimizing the composition and structure of the substrate and rearing conditions and duration for each insect species might also aid standardization of the nutritional composition of edible insects.
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15
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Kępińska-Pacelik J, Biel W. Insects in Pet Food Industry-Hope or Threat? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1515. [PMID: 35739851 PMCID: PMC9219536 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing global population, the world cannot currently support the well-known techniques of food production due to their harmful effects on land use, water consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. The key answer is a solution based on the use of edible insects. They have always been present in the diet of animals. They are characterized by a very good nutritional value (e.g., high protein content and contents of essential amino acids and fatty acids, including lauric acid), and products with them receive positive results in palatability tests. Despite the existing literature data on the benefits of the use of insects as a protein source, their acceptance by consumers and animal caregivers remains problematic. In spite of the many advantages of using insects in pet food, it is necessary to analyze the risk of adverse food reactions, including allergic reactions that may be caused by insect consumption. Other hazards relate to the contamination of insects. For example, they can be contaminated with anthropogenic factors during breeding, packaging, cooking, or feeding. These contaminants include the presence of bacteria, mold fungi, mycotoxins, and heavy metals. However, insects can be used in the pet food industry. This is supported by the evolutionary adaptation of their wild ancestors to the eating of insects in the natural environment. The chemical composition of insects also corresponds to the nutritional requirements of dogs. It should be borne in mind that diets containing insect and their effects on animals require careful analysis. The aim of this article is to discuss the nutritional value of insects and their possible applications in the nutrition of companion animals, especially dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wioletta Biel
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
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16
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Aceituno-Medina M, Hernández E, Rincón-Betancurt O, García-Fajardo LV, Diego-García E. Effects of a Bulking Agent on the Protein:Carbohydrate Ratio, Bioconversion, and Cost-effectiveness of a Larval Diet for Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:739-747. [PMID: 35348717 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the bulking agent is categorized as 'inert', it could modify protein bioavailability and nutritional quality. In this study, the main goal was to determine if the bulking agent modified the protein:carbohydrate (P:C) ratio and bioconversion from diet biomass to larval biomass of Anastrepha ludens. The diet was altered only by modifying the type of bulking agent (corncob powder, coconut fiber, carrot fiber, oatmeal) added without changing the composition and concentration of the other components in the formulation. This allowed reclassification of the food matrices according to P:C ratios of 1:30, 1:35, 1:64, and 1:93. A food matrix with a high P:C ratio promoted a high protein and carbohydrate content in the larval hemolymph and immediately influenced the life-history traits of the larva or delayed them in the adult. The present study indicated a positive relationship between the P:G+T (glucose+trehalose) ratio in the larval hemolymph and the P:C ratio in the larval diet. Our results highlight the importance of including the optimum and real P:C ratio in whole fresh larval diets, since considering only the theoretical concentration of the formulation is not enough to understand the variation in key life-history traits. In addition, the bioconversion index should be included as an indicator of the efficacy of larval diets for mass rearing insects. A diet with high cost-effectiveness should be evaluated by taking into account flying flies as the end product of the mass rearing process to enhance operational SIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marysol Aceituno-Medina
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Calle Bravo Murillo No. 38, Madrid, España
- Departamento de Dieta Experimental y Poscosecha, Subdirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Programa Moscas de la Fruta SADER-SENASICA, Camino a Cacahotales S/N, Metapa de Dominguez, Chiapas, México
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino S/N, Solidaridad 2000, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Emilio Hernández
- Departamento de Dieta Experimental y Poscosecha, Subdirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Programa Moscas de la Fruta SADER-SENASICA, Camino a Cacahotales S/N, Metapa de Dominguez, Chiapas, México
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino S/N, Solidaridad 2000, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Olivia Rincón-Betancurt
- Departamento de Dieta Experimental y Poscosecha, Subdirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Programa Moscas de la Fruta SADER-SENASICA, Camino a Cacahotales S/N, Metapa de Dominguez, Chiapas, México
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino S/N, Solidaridad 2000, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Luz Verónica García-Fajardo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental y Agroecológica, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Elia Diego-García
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental y Agroecológica, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
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Kemsawasd V, Inthachat W, Suttisansanee U, Temviriyanukul P. Road to The Red Carpet of Edible Crickets through Integration into the Human Food Chain with Biofunctions and Sustainability: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031801. [PMID: 35163720 PMCID: PMC8836810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that more than 500 million people, especially in Asia and Africa, are suffering from malnutrition. Recently, livestock farming has increased to supply high-quality protein, with consequent impact on the global environment. Alternative food sources with high nutritive values that can substitute livestock demands are urgently required. Recently, edible crickets have been promoted by the FAO to ameliorate the food crisis. In this review, the distribution, nutritive values, health-promoting properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity), safety, allergenicity as well as the potential hazards and risks for human consumption are summarized. Cricket farming may help to realize the United Nations sustainable development goal No. 2 Zero Hunger. The sustainability of cricket farming is also discussed in comparison with other livestock. The findings imply that edible crickets are safe for daily intake as a healthy alternative diet due to their high protein content and health-promoting properties. Appropriate use of edible crickets in the food and nutraceutical industries represents a global business potential. However, people who are allergic to shellfish should pay attention on cricket allergy. Thus, the objective of this review was to present in-depth and up-to-date information on edible crickets to advocate and enhance public perception of cricket-based food.
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18
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Kuo C, Fisher BL. A Literature Review of the Use of Weeds and Agricultural and Food Industry By-Products to Feed Farmed Crickets (Insecta; Orthoptera; Gryllidae). FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.810421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global socioeconomic systems exacerbate disparities that leave a disturbing proportion of the human population malnourished, making conventional food sources such as animal livestock unsustainable at global scales. Edible insects have the potential to solve both malnourishment and the unsustainability of conventional livestock agriculture. The sustainability and accessibility of farmed, edible insects, however, depends on their feed source. Future expansion of farming rests on developing locally available and affordable insect feeds. This article presents a literature review of studies which evaluate the performance of edible crickets (Orthoptera) in response to alternative feed sources such as weeds and the byproducts of agricultural and food industries. For each insect species evaluated, we analyze measurements of feed and insect performance, feed composition, effects of diet on cricket growth and survivorship, as well as other sources of performance differences. The aim of this review is to assess the current state of alternative feed research for farmed crickets and to provide guidelines for future studies on alternative feeds.
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19
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Espitia Buitrago PA, Hernández LM, Burkart S, Palmer N, Cardoso Arango JA. Forage-Fed Insects as Food and Feed Source: Opportunities and Constraints of Edible Insects in the Tropics. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.724628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Farmed insects can provide an alternative protein source for humans, livestock, and fish, while supporting adaptation to climate change, generating income for smallholder farmers, and reducing the negative impacts of conventional food production, especially in the tropics. However, the quantity, nutritional quality and safety of insects greatly relies on their feed intake. Tropical forages (grasses and legumes) can provide a valuable and yet untapped source of feed for several farmed insect species. In this perspective paper, we provide a viewpoint of how tropical forages can support edible insect production. We also highlight the potential of tropical forage-based diets over those using organic agricultural or urban by-product substrates, due to their versatility, low cost, and lower risk of microbial and chemical hazards. The main bottlenecks relate to dependence on the small number of farmed insect species, and in public policy and market frameworks regarding the use of edible insects as food, feed and in industrial processes. This perspective will serve interested stakeholders in identifying urgent issues at the research, ethical, marketing and policy levels that can prevent the emergence of new, insect-based value chains and business models, and the nutritional, economic and environmental benefits they promise.
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20
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The effects of high-monosaccharide diets on development and biochemical composition of white-eyed mutant strain of house cricket (Acheta domesticus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:21147. [PMID: 34707140 PMCID: PMC8551166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) is one of the essential amino acids in the animal body. Its exogenicity and low concentrations mean that it can be regarded as one of the key regulatory molecules at the cellular as well as physiological level. It has been shown to have a number of essential functions, such as in the production of other biologically active molecules. The main objective of this project was to investigate the effects of a high monosaccharide diet (HMD) on a hemimetabolic insect-house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and a mutant strain with impaired visual pigment synthesis (closely related to the tryptophan and kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway)-white eye. This study was aimed at determining the effects of glucose and fructose on cricket development and biochemical composition. A parallel goal was to compare the response of both cricket strains to HMD. ELISA assays indicated dysfunction of the TRP-KYN pathway in white strain insects and an elevated KYN/TRP ratio. Biochemical analyses demonstrated the effects of HMD mainly on fat and glycogen content. A decrease in food intake was also observed in the groups on HMD. However, no changes in imago body weight and water content were observed. The results of the study indicate a stronger response of the white strain to HMD compared to the wild-type strain. At the same time, a stronger detrimental effect of fructose than of glucose was apparent. Sex was found to be a modulating factor in the response to HMD.
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21
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Van Peer M, Frooninckx L, Coudron C, Berrens S, Álvarez C, Deruytter D, Verheyen G, Van Miert S. Valorisation Potential of Using Organic Side Streams as Feed for Tenebrio molitor, Acheta domesticus and Locusta migratoria. INSECTS 2021; 12:796. [PMID: 34564236 PMCID: PMC8467494 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to increasing welfare and population, the demand for alternative protein sources, obtained with minimal use of natural resources, is rising in today's society. Insects have the potential to be used as an alternative protein source since they are considered to be able to convert low-value biomass into high-value components, resulting in opportunities for valorisation of organic side streams. Moreover, insects are suggested to be a sustainable protein source, referring to the efficient "feed to body" mass conversion potential. The aim of this review was to explore the potential to rear the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) on low or not yet valorised organic side streams within the food supply chain. This was performed by collecting research information focusing on the rearing of the insects in scope on organic biomass. In addition, the nutritional composition of the produced insects as well as their dietary requirements will be reviewed. Finally, the availability of side streams in the EU will be discussed as well as their potential to be used as insects feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meggie Van Peer
- Radius, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium; (M.V.P.); (L.F.); (S.B.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Lotte Frooninckx
- Radius, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium; (M.V.P.); (L.F.); (S.B.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Carl Coudron
- Provincial Research and Advice Centre for Agriculture and Horticulture, 8800 Rumbeke-Beitem, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Siebe Berrens
- Radius, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium; (M.V.P.); (L.F.); (S.B.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Carlos Álvarez
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Department of Food Quality and Sensory Science, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
| | - David Deruytter
- Provincial Research and Advice Centre for Agriculture and Horticulture, 8800 Rumbeke-Beitem, Belgium; (C.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Geert Verheyen
- Radius, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium; (M.V.P.); (L.F.); (S.B.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Sabine Van Miert
- Radius, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium; (M.V.P.); (L.F.); (S.B.); (S.V.M.)
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22
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Chinarak K, Panpipat W, Summpunn P, Panya A, Phonsatta N, Cheong LZ, Chaijan M. Insights into the effects of dietary supplements on the nutritional composition and growth performance of sago palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) larvae. Food Chem 2021; 363:130279. [PMID: 34120049 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional composition and growth performance of sago palm weevil larvae (SPWL) fed with ground sago palm trunk mixed with different supplements including commercial pig feed, rice bran, cornmeal, soybean meal, and perilla seed were evaluated. SPWL fed with supplemented diets were richer in protein, lipid, and mineral contents (p < 0.05). Marked increases in polyunsaturated fatty acids (10.75-fold) and omega-3 fatty acids (25.42-fold) with the lowest n-6:n-3 ratio, atherogenicity index, and thrombogenicity index were found in SPWL fed with perilla seed (p < 0.05). Perilla seed, cornmeal, and soybean meal improved essential amino acid content and essential amino acid index of SPWL. Growth performance varied, depending on feed compositions, where a comparable or even greater effect was observed in SPWL fed with supplemented diets compared to control. Therefore, plant-based supplements, especially perilla seed, efficiently improved nutritional quality of SPWL, making them more attractive in terms of nutritional and economical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanittha Chinarak
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Science and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Science and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
| | - Pijug Summpunn
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Science and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Atikorn Panya
- Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Natthaporn Phonsatta
- Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Manat Chaijan
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Science and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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23
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Rumbos CI, Athanassiou CG. 'Insects as Food and Feed: If You Can't Beat Them, Eat Them!'-To the Magnificent Seven and Beyond. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:6209915. [PMID: 33822126 PMCID: PMC8023366 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this special issue is to highlight the current state of research in the field of insects as food and feed, but also other aspects on the exploitation of insect farming. In this editorial, we make a short introduction of the topic of the special issue, briefly present the contributions that are collected in it and offer some thoughts on the future research priorities and challenges that should be addressed. Regarding insect farming, there are additional applications, such as fertilizer, health-promoting products, and cosmetics, that can be produced and utilized, that go far beyond food and feed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos I Rumbos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Okamoto N, Nagao F, Umebayashi Y, Bito T, Prangthip P, Watanabe F. Pseudovitamin B 12 and factor S are the predominant corrinoid compounds in edible cricket products. Food Chem 2021; 347:129048. [PMID: 33493835 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the vitamin B12 content of commercially-available edible insect products using a bioassay based on Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 7830. Although the vitamin content of giant water bug, bee larva, grasshopper, and weaver ant products was low, we found that diving beetle and cricket products contained relatively high amounts of vitamin B12 (approximately 89.5 and 65.8 µg/100 g dry weight, respectively). In the cricket products most widely circulated as foods, specific corrinoid (vitamin B12) compounds were extracted and identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Despite the bioassay detecting high vitamin B12 content (approximately 50-75 µg/100 g dry weight) in these cricket products, UPLC-MS/MS analysis indicated that pseudovitamin B12 and 2-methylmercaptoadenyl cobamide (also known as factor S) were actually the predominant corrinoid compounds (~74% and ~21%, respectively), with authentic vitamin B12 making up only 5% of total corrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Okamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Fumi Nagao
- Department of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Bito
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; Department of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Pattaneeya Prangthip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; Department of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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Singh Y, Cullere M, Kovitvadhi A, Chundang P, Dalle Zotte A. Effect of different killing methods on physicochemical traits, nutritional characteristics, in vitro human digestibility and oxidative stability during storage of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus L.). INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Bawa M, Songsermpong S, Kaewtapee C, Chanput W. Nutritional, sensory, and texture quality of bread and cookie enriched with house cricket (
Acheta domesticus
) powder. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bawa
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Department of Food Science and Technology Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Sirichai Songsermpong
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Department of Food Science and Technology Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Chanwit Kaewtapee
- Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Wasaporn Chanput
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Department of Food Science and Technology Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
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